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Morlock GE. High-performance thin-layer chromatography combined with effect-directed assays and high-resolution mass spectrometry as an emerging hyphenated technology: A tutorial review. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1180:338644. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Schreiner T, Morlock GE. Non-target bioanalytical eight-dimensional hyphenation including bioassay, heart-cut trapping, online desalting, orthogonal separations and mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1647:462154. [PMID: 33957351 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
It is still a challenge to discover and identify individual bioactive compounds directly in multicomponent mixtures. Current workflows are too tedious for routine use. Hence, the hyphenation of separation and detection techniques is a powerful tool to maximize the information obtained by a single sample run. A robust eight-dimensional (8D) hyphenation was developed. Orthogonal separations, biological assay detection, analyte trapping, desalting, and physico-chemical detections were arranged in the following order, i.e. 1) normal phase high-performance thin-layer chromatography (NP-HPTLC) separation, 2) Vis detection, 3) UV detection, 4) fluorescence detection (FLD), 5) bioassay for effect-directed analysis (EDA), 6) heart-cut trapping/desalting/elution to reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) separation, 7) photodiode array (PDA) and 8) mass spectrometry (MS) detection. For the first time, the hyphenation exploited online analyte trapping to desalt the eluted bioactive zone from the plate containing highly salted bioassay media. Subsequent valve switching guided the trapped analyte(s) to the main column, followed by multiple detection. As proof-of-principle, cinnamon samples were analyzed by NP-HPTLC-UV/Vis/FLD-EDA-RP-HPLC-PDA-MS, whereby a bioactive zone was separated into two distinct peaks detected by PDA and MS to be 2-methoxy cinnamaldehyde and cinnamaldehyde. The developed 8D hyphenation is applicable for routine, allowing the non-target high-throughput screening of complex samples for individual bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Schreiner
- Chair of Food Science, Institute of Nutritional Science, and Interdisciplinary Research Center (iFZ), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Gertrud E Morlock
- Chair of Food Science, Institute of Nutritional Science, and Interdisciplinary Research Center (iFZ), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
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Gathungu RM, Kautz R, Kristal BS, Bird SS, Vouros P. The integration of LC-MS and NMR for the analysis of low molecular weight trace analytes in complex matrices. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2020; 39:35-54. [PMID: 30024655 PMCID: PMC6339611 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
This review discusses the integration of liquid chromatography (LC), mass spectrometry (MS), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) in the comprehensive analysis of small molecules from complex matrices. We first discuss the steps taken toward making the three technologies compatible, so as to create an efficient analytical platform. The development of online LC-MS-NMR, highlighted by successful applications in the profiling of highly concentrated analytes (LODs 10 μg) is discussed next. This is followed by a detailed overview of the alternative approaches that have been developed to overcome the challenges associated with online LC-MS-NMR that primarily stem from the inherently low sensitivity of NMR. These alternative approaches include the use of stop-flow LC-MS-NMR, loop collection of LC peaks, LC-MS-SPE-NMR, and offline NMR. The potential and limitations of all these approaches is discussed in the context of applications in various fields, including metabolomics and natural product discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose M. Gathungu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Department of Medicine, Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Barnett Institute of Chemical and Biological Analysis and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Roger Kautz
- Barnett Institute of Chemical and Biological Analysis and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Bruce S. Kristal
- Department of Medicine, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Department of Medicine, Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Paul Vouros
- Barnett Institute of Chemical and Biological Analysis and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
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Agarwal G, Carcache PJB, Addo EM, Kinghorn AD. Current status and contemporary approaches to the discovery of antitumor agents from higher plants. Biotechnol Adv 2020; 38:107337. [PMID: 30633954 PMCID: PMC6614024 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2019.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Higher plant constituents have afforded clinically available anticancer drugs. These include both chemically unmodified small molecules and their synthetic derivatives currently used or those in clinical trials as antineoplastic agents, and an updated summary is provided. In addition, botanical dietary supplements, exemplified by mangosteen and noni constituents, are also covered as potential cancer chemotherapeutic agents. Approaches to metabolite purification, rapid dereplication, and biological evaluation including analytical hyphenated techniques, molecular networking, and advanced cellular and animal models are discussed. Further, enhanced and targeted drug delivery systems for phytochemicals, including micelles, nanoparticles and antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) are described herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garima Agarwal
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - Peter J Blanco Carcache
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - Ermias Mekuria Addo
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - A Douglas Kinghorn
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States.
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Pei Y, Zhang Q, Wang Y. Application of Authentication Evaluation Techniques of Ethnobotanical Medicinal Plant Genus Paris: A Review. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2019; 50:405-423. [DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2019.1642734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Pei
- Institute of Medicinal Plants, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Qingzhi Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Yuanzhong Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Plants, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
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Coufalíková K, Benešová I, Vaculovič T, Kanický V, Preisler J. LC coupled to ESI, MALDI and ICP MS - A multiple hyphenation for metalloproteomic studies. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 968:58-65. [PMID: 28395775 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A new multiple detection arrangement for liquid chromatography (LC) that supplements conventional electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry (MS) detection with two complementary detection techniques, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) MS and substrate-assisted laser desorption inductively coupled plasma (SALD ICP) MS has been developed. The combination of the molecular and elemental detectors in a single separation run is accomplished by utilizing a commercial MALDI target made of conductive plastic. The proposed platform provides a number of benefits in today's metalloproteomic applications, which are demonstrated by analysis of a metallothionein mixture. To maintain metallothionein complexes, separation is carried out at a neutral pH. The effluent is split; a major portion is directed to ESI MS while the remaining 1.8% fraction is deposited onto a plastic MALDI target. Dried droplets are overlaid with MALDI matrix and analysed consecutively by MALDI MS and SALD ICP MS. In the ESI MS spectra, the MT isoform complexes with metals and their stoichiometry are determined; the apoforms are revealed in the MALDI MS spectra. Quantitative determination of metallothionein isoforms is performed via determination of metals in the complexes of the individual protein isoforms using SALD ICP MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateřina Coufalíková
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Iva Benešová
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Central European Institute of Technology, CEITEC MU, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Vaculovič
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Central European Institute of Technology, CEITEC MU, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Viktor Kanický
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Central European Institute of Technology, CEITEC MU, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Preisler
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Central European Institute of Technology, CEITEC MU, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
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Zhang Q, Xu L, Zhou Z, Yang L, Wang Q, Zhang B. A comparison study of in-column and on-column detection for electrochromatography. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1362:225-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Revised: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Morlock GE. Chromatography Combined with Bioassays and Other Hyphenations – The Direct Link to the Compound Indicating the Effect. ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/bk-2014-1185.ch005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gertrud E. Morlock
- Justus Liebig University Giessen, Interdisciplinary Research Center (IFZ), Institute of Nutritional Science, Chair of Food Science, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany
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Meermann B, Sperling M. Hyphenated techniques as tools for speciation analysis of metal-based pharmaceuticals: developments and applications. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 403:1501-22. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-5915-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2011] [Revised: 02/28/2012] [Accepted: 02/28/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Abstract
A technique where a separation technique is coupled with an online spectroscopic detection technology is known as hyphenated technique, e.g., GC-MS, LC-PDA, LC-MS, LC-FTIR, LC-NMR, LC-NMR-MS, and CE-MS. Recent advances in hyphenated analytical techniques have remarkably widened their applications to the analysis of complex biomaterials, especially natural products. This chapter focuses on the applications of hyphenated techniques to pre-isolation and isolation of natural products, dereplication, online partial identification of compounds, chemotaxonomic studies, chemical finger-printing, quality control of herbal products, and metabolomic studies, and presents specific examples. However, a particular emphasis has been given on the hyphenated techniques that involve an LC as the separation tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satyajit D Sarker
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Applied Sciences, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, WV11LY, UK.
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McKenzie JS, Donarski JA, Wilson JC, Charlton AJ. Analysis of complex mixtures using high-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and chemometrics. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 2011; 59:336-59. [PMID: 22027342 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2011.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2011] [Accepted: 04/27/2011] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- James S McKenzie
- The Food and Environment Research Agency, Sand Hutton, York YO41 1LZ, United Kingdom
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Mustafa A, Turner C. Pressurized liquid extraction as a green approach in food and herbal plants extraction: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2011; 703:8-18. [PMID: 21843670 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2011.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 488] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2011] [Revised: 07/01/2011] [Accepted: 07/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Pressurized liquid extraction is a "green" technology for the extraction of nutraceuticals from foods and herbal plants. This review discusses the extraction principles and the optimization of the extraction parameters that improves the extraction efficiency. The use of different solvent mixtures and other extraction additives to enhance the efficiency of the extraction are discussed. Dynamic mode of extraction in Pressurized liquid extraction, and the use of combined and hyphenated sample preparation and analytical techniques are presented. This work discusses how different studies used Pressurized liquid extraction to enrich phenolic compounds, lignans, carotenoids, oils and lipids, essential oils and other nutraceuticals from foods and herbal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arwa Mustafa
- Center for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Sweden.
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Morlock G, Schwack W. Hyphenations in planar chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:6600-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.04.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2010] [Revised: 04/15/2010] [Accepted: 04/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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16
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Mobile phase selection for the combined use of liquid chromatography–inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:4980-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.05.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2010] [Revised: 05/27/2010] [Accepted: 05/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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17
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Rostagno M, D’Arrigo M, Martínez J, Martínez J. Combinatory and hyphenated sample preparation for the determination of bioactive compounds in foods. Trends Analyt Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2010.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane Beauchemin
- Department of Chemistry, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
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Amigo JM, Skov T, Bro R. ChroMATHography: Solving Chromatographic Issues with Mathematical Models and Intuitive Graphics. Chem Rev 2010; 110:4582-605. [DOI: 10.1021/cr900394n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- José Manuel Amigo
- Department of Food Science, Quality and Technology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 30, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Thomas Skov
- Department of Food Science, Quality and Technology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 30, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Rasmus Bro
- Department of Food Science, Quality and Technology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 30, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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de Vlieger JSB, Kolkman AJ, Ampt KAM, Commandeur JNM, Vermeulen NPE, Kool J, Wijmenga SS, Niessen WMA, Irth H, Honing M. Determination and identification of estrogenic compounds generated with biosynthetic enzymes using hyphenated screening assays, high resolution mass spectrometry and off-line NMR. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2010; 878:667-74. [PMID: 20149764 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2010.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2009] [Revised: 01/13/2010] [Accepted: 01/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes the determination and identification of active and inactive estrogenic compounds produced by biosynthetic methods. A hyphenated screening assay towards the human estrogen receptor ligand binding domain (hER)alpha and hERbeta integrating target-ligand interactions and liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry was used. With this approach, information on both biologic activity and structure identity of compounds produced by bacterial mutants of cytochrome P450s was obtained in parallel. Initial structure identification was achieved by high resolution MS/MS, while for full structure determination, P450 incubations were scaled up and the produced entities were purified using preparative liquid chromatography with automated fraction collection. NMR spectroscopy was performed on all fractions for 3D structure analysis; this included 1D-(1)H, 2D-COSY, 2D-NOESY, and (1)H-(13)C-HSQC experiments. This multidimensional screening approach enabled the detection of low abundant biotransformation products which were not suitable for detection in either one of its single components. In total, the analytical scale biosynthesis produced over 85 compounds from 6 different starting templates. Inter- and intra-day variation of the biochemical signals in the dual receptor affinity detection system was less than 5%. The multi-target screening approach combined with full structure characterization based on high resolution MS(/MS) and NMR spectroscopy demonstrated in this paper can generally be applied to e.g. metabolism studies and compound-library screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon S B de Vlieger
- LACDR/Division of Biomolecular Analysis, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Coupling HPLC to on-line, post-column (bio)chemical assays for high-resolution screening of bioactive compounds from complex mixtures. Trends Analyt Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2009.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Abstract
HPLC detector technology has advanced dramatically over the past 20 years, with a range of highly sensitive and specific detectors becoming available. What is still missing from the bioanalyst’s armoury, however, is a highly sensitive detector that gives an equimolar response independent of the compound. This would allow for quantification of compounds without the requirement for a synthetic standard or a radiolabeled analogue. In particular, such a detector applied to metabolism studies would establish the relative significance of the various metabolic routes. The recently issued US FDA guidelines on metabolites in safety testing (MIST) focus on the relative quantitation of human metabolites being obtained as soon as feasible in the drug-development process. In this article, current detector technology is reviewed with respect to its potential for quantitation without authentic standards or a radiolabel and put in the context of the MIST guidelines. The potential for future developments are explored.
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Moco S, Schneider B, Vervoort J. Plant Micrometabolomics: The Analysis of Endogenous Metabolites Present in a Plant Cell or Tissue. J Proteome Res 2009; 8:1694-703. [DOI: 10.1021/pr800973r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Moco
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Wageningen University, Dreijenlaan 3, 6703 HA Wageningen, and Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Ecology, Beutenberg Campus, Hans-Knöll-Str. 8, D-07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Bernd Schneider
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Wageningen University, Dreijenlaan 3, 6703 HA Wageningen, and Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Ecology, Beutenberg Campus, Hans-Knöll-Str. 8, D-07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Jacques Vervoort
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Wageningen University, Dreijenlaan 3, 6703 HA Wageningen, and Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Ecology, Beutenberg Campus, Hans-Knöll-Str. 8, D-07745 Jena, Germany
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Olivieri AC. Analytical Advantages of Multivariate Data Processing. One, Two, Three, Infinity? Anal Chem 2008; 80:5713-20. [DOI: 10.1021/ac800692c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro C. Olivieri
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, and Instituto de Química Rosario (IQUIR), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Suipacha 531, Rosario S2002LRK, Argentina
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Murakami T, Konno H, Fukutsu N, Onodera M, Kawasaki T, Kusu F. Identification of a degradation product in stressed tablets of olmesartan medoxomil by the complementary use of HPLC hyphenated techniques. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2008; 47:553-9. [PMID: 18394840 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2008.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2007] [Revised: 02/13/2008] [Accepted: 02/15/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
An unknown degradation product (DP-1) increased in olmesartan medoxomil (OLM) tablets stored at 40 degrees C/75% r.h., reaching 0.72% after 6 months. The molecular weight and fragment information obtained by LC-MS suggested that DP-1 was a dehydrated dimer of olmesartan (OL) and the presence of ester carbonyl group was indicated by solvent-elimination LC-IR analysis. LC-(1)H NMR confirmed the structure of DP-1 as an esterified dimer of OL. Rapid and accurate identification of the degradation product was achieved by the complementary use of HPLC hyphenated techniques without complicated isolation or purification processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomonori Murakami
- Analytical and Quality Evaluation Research Laboratories, Daiichi-Sankyo Co. Ltd., 1-12-1 Shinomiya, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 254-0014, Japan.
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Viel S, Caldarelli S. Improved 3D DOSY-TOCSY experiment for mixture analysis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2008:2013-5. [DOI: 10.1039/b802789g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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