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Malhat F, Saber AN, Hegazy A, Saber ES, Heikal S, Elgammal H, Hussien M. Decline pattern and dietary risk assessment of spinetoram in grapes under Egyptian field conditions. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2024; 196:873. [PMID: 39218961 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12989-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Spinetoram is one of the most extensively used insecticides globally and is a new spinosyn-based insecticide registered for direct treatment of Egyptian grapes. This work established and validated a developed method for determining spinetoram in grape berries and leaves using the QuEChERS coupled LC-MS/MS technique. The average recoveries ranged between 98.52-101.19% and 100.53-104.93%, with RSDs of 2.74-6.21% and 2.79-7.26% for grape berries and leaves, respectively. Spinetoram residues degraded in grape berries and leaves through a first-order kinetic, with an estimated half-life (t1/2) of 4.3 and 2.8 days in grape berries and leaves, respectively, and significant degradation (91.4-97.5%, respectively) after 14 days. Besides, the terminal residues of spinetoram detected in grape berries and leaves samples ranged between 0.017-0.077 mg‧kg-1 and 0.79-0.023 mg·kg-1, respectively, when applied two to three times at a single recommended rate, while it was varied between 0.026-0.44mg‧kg-1 and 0.79-0.023mg‧kg-1 when applied two to three times at a double recommended rate, respectively. A dietary risk assessment was conducted using scientific data from field trials, acceptable daily intake (ADI), and food consumption. It was determined that no noteworthy health hazards were connected to eating grape berries and leaves that had been treated with spinetoram since the risk quotients (RQs) were ≤ 0.4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farag Malhat
- Pesticide Residues and Environmental Pollution Department, Central Agricultural Pesticide Laboratory, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, Giza, 12618, Egypt.
| | - Ayman N Saber
- Pesticide Residues and Environmental Pollution Department, Central Agricultural Pesticide Laboratory, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, Giza, 12618, Egypt.
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry for Energy and the Environment, University of Córdoba, 14071, Cordoba, Andalusia, Spain.
| | - Anwar Hegazy
- Department of Economic Entomology and Pesticides, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - El-Sayed Saber
- Pesticide Residues and Environmental Pollution Department, Central Agricultural Pesticide Laboratory, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, Giza, 12618, Egypt
| | - Sara Heikal
- Pesticide Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Menoufiya University, Shebien El-Kom, Menofia, 32514, Egypt
| | - Hassan Elgammal
- Central Laboratory of Residue Analysis of Pesticides and Heavy Metals in Foods, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, Giza, 12311, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Hussien
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, 61413, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pesticide Formulation, Central Agricultural Pesticide Laboratory, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, 12618, Giza, Egypt
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2
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Böth A, Foshag D, Schulz C, Atwi B, Maier SE, Estes DP, Buchmeiser MR, de Goor TV, Tallarek U. Feed injection in liquid chromatography: Reducing the effect of large-volume injections from purely organic diluents in reversed-phase liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1730:465165. [PMID: 39025026 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.465165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
In liquid chromatography (LC), discrepancies in liquid properties such as elution strength and viscosity lead to a mismatch between the sample diluent and mobile phase. This mismatch can result in peak deformation, including peak splitting or even breakthrough, particularly when large sample volumes are injected. The formation of a T-junction between sample solution and mobile phase flow stream, a technique previously used in supercritical fluid chromatography, is the key enabler of feed injection in LC. This T-junction allows the injection needle to infuse the sample directly into the mobile phase. It ensures that the diluent is continuously mixed with the mobile phase before introduced onto the column, thereby reducing the initial solvent mismatch. The degree of dilution depends on the ratio between mobile phase flow rate (Qmp) and feed rate (Qfeed) at which the sample is infused. Our study examined the effect of several parameters on the feed injection of large sample volumes from purely organic diluents in reversed-phase LC. These parameters included the type of diluent, compound retention factor (k), injected sample volume (Vinj), and Qmp. With varied Qfeed, all compounds revealed a similar range of optimal values for Qr = (Qmp-Qfeed)/Qfeed between 2 and 5, a range unaffected by Vinj and Qmp. For Qr > 5, the slope of the plate height curves (H vs. Qr) decreases with increasing k, potentially extending the range of optimal Qr-values. However, the best Qr-value for a separation is determined by the compound with the smallest k, simplifying optimization. Using feed injection, we were able to reduce plate heights by up to a factor of 8 compared to classic flow-through injection of large sample volumes.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Böth
- Department of Chemistry, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Foshag
- Agilent Technologies R&D and Marketing GmbH & Co. KG, Hewlett Packard-Strasse 8, 76337 Waldbronn, Germany
| | - Charlotte Schulz
- Department of Chemistry, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Boshra Atwi
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Sarah E Maier
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Deven P Estes
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Michael R Buchmeiser
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Tom van de Goor
- Department of Chemistry, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany; Agilent Technologies R&D and Marketing GmbH & Co. KG, Hewlett Packard-Strasse 8, 76337 Waldbronn, Germany
| | - Ulrich Tallarek
- Department of Chemistry, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany.
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3
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Cozzolino D, Chapman J. Advances, limitations, and considerations on the use of vibrational spectroscopy towards the development of management decision tools in food safety. Anal Bioanal Chem 2024; 416:611-620. [PMID: 37542534 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04849-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
Food safety and food security are two of the main concerns for the modern food manufacturing industry. Disruptions in the food supply and value chains have created the need to develop agile screening tools that will allow the detection of food pathogens, spoilage microorganisms, microbial contaminants, toxins, herbicides, and pesticides in agricultural commodities, natural products, and food ingredients. Most of the current routine analytical methods used to detect and identify microorganisms, herbicides, and pesticides in food ingredients and products are based on the use of reliable and robust immunological, microbiological, and biochemical techniques (e.g. antigen-antibody interactions, extraction and analysis of DNA) and chemical methods (e.g. chromatography). However, the food manufacturing industries are demanding agile and affordable analytical methods. The objective of this review is to highlight the advantages and limitations of the use of vibrational spectroscopy combined with chemometrics as proxy to evaluate and quantify herbicides, pesticides, and toxins in foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Cozzolino
- The University of Queensland, Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.
| | - James Chapman
- School of Science, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia
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4
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Abstract
The extensive use of pesticides represents a risk to human health. Consequently, legal frameworks have been established to ensure food safety, including control programs for pesticide residues. In this context, the performance of analytical methods acquires special relevance. Such methods are expected to be able to determine the largest number of compounds at trace concentration levels in complex food matrices, which represents a great analytical challenge. Technical advances in mass spectrometry (MS) have led to the development of more efficient analytical methods for the determination of pesticides. This review provides an overview of current analytical strategies applied in pesticide analysis, with a special focus on MS methods. Current targeted MS methods allow the simultaneous determination of hundreds of pesticides, whereas non-targeted MS methods are now applicable to the identification of pesticide metabolites and transformation products. New trends in pesticide analysis are also presented, including approaches for the simultaneous determination of pesticide residues and other food contaminants (i.e., mega-methods), or the recent application of techniques such as ion mobility–mass spectrometry (IM–MS) for this purpose.
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Yaacob SFFS, Jamil RZR, Suah FBM. Sporopollenin based materials as a versatile choice for the detoxification of environmental pollutants - A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 207:990-1004. [PMID: 35381287 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.03.206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Before making the transfer to land, plants survive in water for millions of years to avoid the severe circumstances that prevail on lands, such as drought and UV radiation. All land plant spores are coated in sporopollenin, a substance that has developed to endow pollen and spore shells with exceptional, one-of-a-kind qualities. In a nutshell, sporopollenin-coated spores are a unique invention only seen in land plants. Sporopollenin, discovered in the outer exine layer of pollen walls, is a lipid and phenolic-based polymer with high carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen cross-linking. Products based on sporopollenin can remediate toxic pollutant contamination in the aquatic environment. This research and development are now underway. In this review, we show how sporopollenin-based adsorbents act in environmental challenges and their immense promise for this application via remarkable physical and chemical characteristics. A comparison is made of the benefits of various sporopollenin-modified structures. This strategy will further our understanding of how a biopolymer's structure can be accommodated to address emerging environmental challenges, revealing more about sporopollenin's dynamical nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Fariq Fathullah Syed Yaacob
- Green Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.
| | - Raja Zalinda Raja Jamil
- Green Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Faiz Bukhari Mohd Suah
- Green Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.
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Li J, Liu J, Wan Y, Wang J, Pi F. Routine analysis of pesticides in foodstuffs: Emerging ambient ionization mass spectrometry as an alternative strategy to be on your radar. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:7341-7356. [PMID: 35229702 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2045561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Pesticides residues in foodstuffs are longstanding of great concern to consumers and governments, thus reliable evaluation techniques for these residues are necessary to ensure food safety. Emerging ambient ionization mass spectrometry (AIMS), a transformative technology in the field of analytical chemistry, is becoming a promising and solid evaluation technology due to its advantages of direct, real-time and in-situ ionization on samples without complex pretreatments. To provide useful guidance on the evaluation techniques in the field of food safety, we offered a comprehensive review on the AIMS technology and introduced their novel applications for the analysis of residual pesticides in foodstuffs under different testing scenarios (i.e., quantitative, screening, imaging, high-throughput detection and rapid on-site analysis). Meanwhile, the creative combination of AIMS with high-resolution mass analyzer (e.g., orbitrap and time-of-flight) was fundamentally mentioned based on recent studies about the detection and evaluation of multi-residual pesticides between 2015 and 2021. Finally, the technical challenges and prospects associated with AIMS operation in food industry were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingkun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinghan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqi Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiahua Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuwei Pi
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
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7
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Mahdavi V, Eslami Z, Molaee-Aghaee E, Peivasteh-Roudsari L, Sadighara P, Thai VN, Fakhri Y, Ravanlou AA. Evaluation of pesticide residues and risk assessment in apple and grape from western Azerbaijan Province of Iran. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 203:111882. [PMID: 34390713 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
West Azerbaijan, especially the city of Urmia, is the center of Iranian apple and grape production hence the importance of this, residues of 85 pesticides in these products were investigated using modified QuEChERS extraction followed by UHPLC-MS/MS technique. Residues of 17 different pesticides detected in some apple samples. In grape sample only 7 pesticides detected. The levels of the residues found in all apple and grape samples were below the maximum residue levels (MRLs) of Iran, except for iprodione. Health risk assessment associated with pesticide residues in apples and grapes were estimated by hazard quotient (HQ) and hazard index (HI), which indicated that the HI value was lower than 1 in adults and children due to apple and consumption. HI in adults and children were 0.012 and 0.054 in apple; 0.001 and 0.003 in grape samples, respectively. Although the health risk assessment showed that the consumers are not at considerable risk but due to pesticide residue, implement control plans to manage the proper application of this pesticide, or replace it with safer alternatives in apple and grape is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahideh Mahdavi
- Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection (IRIPP), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), P.O. Box 1475744741, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Zahra Eslami
- Young Researchers and Elites Club, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Molaee-Aghaee
- Food Safety and Hygiene Division, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Peivasteh-Roudsari
- Food Safety and Hygiene Division, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Halal Research Center of IRI, Food and Drug Administration, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parisa Sadighara
- Food Safety and Hygiene Division, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Van Nam Thai
- Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HUTECH) 475A, Dien Bien Phu, Ward 25, Binh Thanh District, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Yadolah Fakhri
- Food Health Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
| | - Abbas Ali Ravanlou
- Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection (IRIPP), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), P.O. Box 1475744741, Tehran, Iran
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8
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Muehlwald S, Meyburg N, Rohn S, Buchner N. A Comparison between a Two-Dimensional Liquid Chromatography System and a Traditional QuEChERS-LC Method with Regard to Matrix Removal and Matrix Effects in Pesticide Analysis Using Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:15005-15019. [PMID: 34855392 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c05199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a fully automated two-dimensional liquid chromatography (2D-LC) system was used for the investigation of the clean-up effect and was compared with a traditional Quick Easy Cheap Effective Rugged and Safe (QuEChERS) liquid chromatography (LC) method. The focus of those investigations was on negative electrospray ionization (ESI) mode. For that purpose, matrix fingerprinting profiles were created. The results allowed a comparison of both methods regarding the estimation of the number and the polarity of detected compounds. Moreover, the results of the present study were compared with the results generated in positive ESI mode (presented in a previous study). Furthermore, the two methods were compared with regard to matrix effects (ME) of 321 analytes in positive ESI mode and 96 analytes in negative ESI mode. In general, fewer compounds could be detected when 2D-LC and/or the negative ESI mode was used. Especially, very polar compounds with m/z values >1000 could be separated and could not be detected anymore when 2D-LC was applied. Furthermore, the best results were obtained for most analytes when 2D-LC was used, although the extent of ME seemed to be higher with 2D-LC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Muehlwald
- Federal Office of Consumer Protection and Food Safety, Mauerstraße 39-42, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Food Technology and Food Chemistry, Department of Food Chemistry and Analysis, Technische Universität Berlin, TIB 4/3-1, Gustav-Meyer-Allee 25, 13355 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nina Meyburg
- Federal Office of Consumer Protection and Food Safety, Mauerstraße 39-42, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sascha Rohn
- Institute of Food Technology and Food Chemistry, Department of Food Chemistry and Analysis, Technische Universität Berlin, TIB 4/3-1, Gustav-Meyer-Allee 25, 13355 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nadja Buchner
- Federal Office of Consumer Protection and Food Safety, Mauerstraße 39-42, 10117 Berlin, Germany
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Veloo KV, Ibrahim NAS. Analytical Extraction Methods and Sorbents' Development for Simultaneous Determination of Organophosphorus Pesticides' Residues in Food and Water Samples: A Review. Molecules 2021; 26:5495. [PMID: 34576966 PMCID: PMC8464751 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26185495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Extensive use of organophosphorus pesticides in agriculture leads to adverse effects to the environment and human health. Sample preparation is compulsory to enrich target analytes prior to detection as they often exist at trace levels and this step is critical as it determines the concentration of pollutants present in samples. The selection of a suitable extraction method is of great importance. The analytical performance of the extraction methods is influenced by the selection of sorbents as sorbents play a vital role in the sensitivity and selectivity of an analytical method. To date, numerous sorbent materials have been developed to cater to the needs of selective and sensitive pesticides' detection. Comprehensive details pertaining to extraction methods, developed sorbents, and analytical performance are provided. This review intended to provide a general overview on different extraction techniques and sorbents that have been developed in the last 10 years for organophosphorus pesticides' determinations in food and water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Veni Veloo
- Faculty of Agro-Based Industry, Jeli Campus, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli 17600, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Nur Amirah Syahirah Ibrahim
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Technology, Jeli Campus, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli 17600, Kelantan, Malaysia;
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Quantitative Analysis of Multiresidue Pesticides Using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. Methods Mol Biol 2021. [PMID: 34097278 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1514-0_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Despite the fact that pesticides help increase food production, widespread application of pesticides has resulted in negative impact in the environment and human health. Routine and comprehensive screening of pesticides in food and water is important for regulatory agencies to ensure that concentrations of toxic pesticides are below maximum allowable levels. Regardless of the pesticides that are not GC amenable, GC-MS still dominates the analysis of pesticides. The focus of the current chapter is a step-by-step method for GC-MS approaches in analysis of several classes of pesticides, including organochlorines, organophosphates, and triazines. GC-MS is superior or at least equivalent to LC-MS method and derivatization is not required prior to instrumental analysis.
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11
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Steiner D, Malachová A, Sulyok M, Krska R. Challenges and future directions in LC-MS-based multiclass method development for the quantification of food contaminants. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:25-34. [PMID: 33188454 PMCID: PMC7801304 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-03015-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Monitoring of food contaminants and residues has undergone a significant improvement in recent years and is now performed in an intensive manner. Achievements in the area of chromatography-mass spectrometry coupling techniques enabled the development of quantitative multi-target approaches covering several hundred analytes. Although the majority of methods are focusing on the analysis of one specific group of substances, such as pesticides, mycotoxins, or veterinary drugs, current trends are going towards the simultaneous determination of multiclass compounds from several families of contaminants and residues. This work provides an overview of relevant multiclass concepts based on LC-MS/MS and LC-HRMS instruments. Merits and shortcomings will be critically discussed based on current performance characteristics of the EU legislation system. In addition, the discussion of a recently developed multiclass approach covering >1000 substances is presented as a case study to illustrate the current developments in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Steiner
- FFoQSI GmbH - Austrian Competence Centre for Feed and Food Quality, Safety and Innovation, Technopark 1C, 3430, Tulln, Austria
| | - Alexandra Malachová
- FFoQSI GmbH - Austrian Competence Centre for Feed and Food Quality, Safety and Innovation, Technopark 1C, 3430, Tulln, Austria.
| | - Michael Sulyok
- Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics, Department of Agrobiotechnology IFA-Tulln, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Konrad-Lorenz-Str. 20, 3430, Tulln, Austria
| | - Rudolf Krska
- Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics, Department of Agrobiotechnology IFA-Tulln, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Konrad-Lorenz-Str. 20, 3430, Tulln, Austria
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queens University Belfast, University Road, Belfast, Northern Ireland, BT7 1NN, UK
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12
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Akgün B, Hamzaoğlu M, Tosunoğlu H, Demir S, Deniz A, Zengingönül Gökçay R. A survey of 59 pesticide residues in Turkish chicken eggs using LC-MS/MS. FOOD ADDITIVES & CONTAMINANTS PART B-SURVEILLANCE 2020; 13:252-259. [PMID: 32498611 DOI: 10.1080/19393210.2020.1767218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
An LC-MS/MS multi-residue method was validated for the determination of 59 pesticide residue levels in a chicken egg by using QuEChERS extraction method. The validation parameters used were taken from the SANTE/11813/2017 guideline. The calibration curves for each target pesticide had a good linearity in a range of 1.0 or 2.5 to 100.0 µg kg-1 (r2 ≥ 0.995). Ten per cent of the total pesticides had LOQ values less than 5.0 µg kg-1 or LOQ values from 5.0 to 10.0 µg kg-1. The LOQ values were below the MRLs set by the European Commision (EC). Average recoveries (70-120%) and relative standard deviations (RSDs≤20%) were achieved for 59 selected pesticides at different concentrations (5 or 10 and 200 µg kg-1). All expanded measurement uncertainties were lower than 50%. The occurrence of these pesticides was evaluated in 35 commercially available chicken eggs. No MRL exceedance was identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banu Akgün
- Food Additives and Residues Department, Central Research Institute of Food and Feed Control , Bursa, Turkey
| | - Mertin Hamzaoğlu
- Food Additives and Residues Department, Central Research Institute of Food and Feed Control , Bursa, Turkey
| | - Hakan Tosunoğlu
- Food Additives and Residues Department, Central Research Institute of Food and Feed Control , Bursa, Turkey
| | - Sema Demir
- Food Additives and Residues Department, Central Research Institute of Food and Feed Control , Bursa, Turkey
| | - Altan Deniz
- Food Additives and Residues Department, Central Research Institute of Food and Feed Control , Bursa, Turkey
| | - Remziye Zengingönül Gökçay
- Food Additives and Residues Department, Central Research Institute of Food and Feed Control , Bursa, Turkey
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13
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Coupling of GC-MS/MS to Principal Component Analysis for Assessment of Matrix Effect: Efficient Determination of Ultra-Low Levels of Pesticide Residues in Some Functional Foods. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-019-01643-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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14
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Dissipation rate study and pre-harvest intervals calculation of imidacloprid and oxamyl in exported Egyptian green beans and chili peppers after pestigation treatment. Food Chem 2018; 240:1047-1054. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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15
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Huérfano Barco IM, Guerrero Dallos JA. Método cualitativo rápido (screening) para la detección de residuos de plaguicidas en frutas y hortalizas. REVISTA COLOMBIANA DE QUÍMICA 2018. [DOI: 10.15446/rev.colomb.quim.v47n1.62240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Debido a la importancia de desarrollar metodologías que permitan el análisis de los residuos agrícolas, el presente trabajo validó un método cualitativo rápido (screening) para el análisis de residuos de plaguicidas en frutas y hortalizas. La metodología se basó en el método de extracción QuEChERS, versión europea, con un paso adicional de limpieza por cromatografía de permeación por gel (GPC), lo cual permitió reducir la cantidad de componentes de la matriz en el extracto final. El análisis fue realizado por cromatografía de gases/espectrometría de masas con un analizador cuadrupolo simple. La metodología resultó adecuada para el análisis cualitativo de 31 plaguicidas a su respectivo límite máximo de residuos. Los resultados en muestras reales fueron consistentes respecto a una metodología cuantitativa de rutina, por ende, la metodología resultó ser una buena alternativa para el análisis rápido de estos contaminantes.
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Combination of solvent extractants for dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction of fungicides from water and fruit samples by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. Food Chem 2017; 233:69-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.04.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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17
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Ramadan G, Al Jabir M, Alabdulmalik N, Mohammed A. Validation of a method for the determination of 120 pesticide residues in apples and cucumbers by LC-MS/MS. Drug Test Anal 2017; 8:498-510. [PMID: 27443204 DOI: 10.1002/dta.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2015] [Revised: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Most countries have clearly defined regulations governing the use of pesticides in agricultural activity. The application of pesticides in agriculture usually leads to a residual amount of these pesticides on food products such as fruit and vegetables. The presence of pesticide residues on these foods destined for human consumption may pose food safety risks to consumers. To protect consumers, national authorities have established maximum limits for pesticide residues in foods. These limits can only be enforced if there are methods available to detect and monitor their concentrations in the applicable food products. To support the enforcement of this legislation, we have developed a multi-residue liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for the analysis of 120 pesticide residues in apples and cucumbers which has been validated and implemented in the routine monitoring and surveillance programme for these pesticides. In this method, apple and cucumber samples are extracted using the QuEChERS method (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) and the extracts were analyzed directly by LC-MS/MS. The mean recoveries at three different concentrations of 0.01 µg/g , 0.05 µg/g, and 0.1 µg/g over the analytical range varied between 70 and 120%. The repeatability of the method expressed as %RSD was less than 20%. The limit of detection (LOD) of the method ranged between 0.0014 and 0.0110 µg/g for apples and between 0.0012 and 0.0075 µg/g for cucumbers. The limit of quantification (LOQ) of the method was 0.01 µg/g for apples and cucumbers. The method has been used for the analysis of over 600 apple and 550 cucumber samples over the past two years. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gouda Ramadan
- Central Food Laboratory, Ministry of Public Health, Doha, Qatar
| | - Muna Al Jabir
- Central Food Laboratory, Ministry of Public Health, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Ali Mohammed
- Central Food Laboratory, Ministry of Public Health, Doha, Qatar
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Zhao F, Wang H, Han X, Yang Z. Development and comparative study of chemosynthesized antigen and mimotope-based immunoassays for class-specific analysis of O,O-dimethyl organophosphorus pesticides. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37640. [PMID: 27874102 PMCID: PMC5118688 DOI: 10.1038/srep37640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The multi-residue determination of organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) is an important task due to the wide application and high toxicity of OPs. However, there is no promising immunoassay to monitor the multi-residue of O,O-dimethyl OPs. In this study, a monoclonal antibody (mAb) against a generic hapten of O,O-dimethyl OPs (O,O-dimethyl O-(3-carboxyphenyl)phosphorothioate) was prepared. To develop an effective class-specific immunoassay, two strategies were performed to select the appropriate coating antigen or competing antigen. On the one hand, a total of 20 haptens were chemosynthesized, attached to ovalbumin for use as coating antigen candidates, and selected by direct competitive ELISA (dcELISA). As a second strategy, mimotopes of the mAb were selected from a random phage-display peptide library by panning, and the optimum mimotope was expressed as a fusion protein and biotinylated in vitro. Based on the selected chemosynthesized coating antigen and the biotinylated mimotope fusion protein, two sensitive broad-specificity dcELISAs were developed. The sensitivity, selectivity and practicability of the two immunoassays were compared. The results demonstrated that both methods showed similar selectivity and sensitivity and were reliable for O,O-dimethyl OP residues screening. However, the screening operation of mimotopes was much simpler and safer compared to the preparation of chemosynthesized coating antigens.
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A feasibility study of UHPLC-HRMS accurate-mass screening methods for multiclass testing of organic contaminants in food. Talanta 2016; 160:704-712. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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20
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Jiao W, Xiao Y, Qian X, Tong M, Hu Y, Hou R, Hua R. Optimized combination of dilution and refined QuEChERS to overcome matrix effects of six types of tea for determination eight neonicotinoid insecticides by ultra performance liquid chromatography–electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. Food Chem 2016; 210:26-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.04.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2015] [Revised: 02/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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21
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Munaretto JS, May MM, Saibt N, Zanella R. Liquid chromatography with high resolution mass spectrometry for identification of organic contaminants in fish fillet: screening and quantification assessment using two scan modes for data acquisition. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1456:205-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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22
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Liang X, Duan Y, Yu X, Wang J, Zhou M. Photochemical degradation of bismerthiazol: structural characterisation of the photoproducts and their inhibitory activities against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2016; 72:997-1003. [PMID: 26174501 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Revised: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bismerthiazol is a commonly used bactericide against rice bacterial leaf blight in China. Although previous research determined that bismerthiazol is susceptible to photolytic degradation, the photodegradation pathway and degradation products, except for 2-amino-5-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole, have remained unknown. RESULTS The photodegradation of bismerthiazol was investigated after 4 and 8 h of irradiation in a solar simulator. Inhibition of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) was greater with a photolysed solution than with a non-photolysed solution of bismerthiazol. Six photoproducts of bismerthiazol were characterised by liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry, and, based on these products, a photodegradation pathway was inferred. Inhibition of Xoo was significantly greater with bismerthiazol and 2-amino-5-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole than with 5-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole. In addition, Xoo strain 2-1-1 was bismerthiazol- and 2-amino-5-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole resistant in vivo. CONCLUSION Photodegradation increased the inhibitory activity of bismerthiazol against Xoo. The photodegradation pathway was inferred on the basis of the photoproducts of bismerthiazol. In vitro assays indicated that the sulfhydryl group was crucial for the inhibition of Xoo by bismerthiazol and its photoproducts. Bismerthiazol and 2-amino-5-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole might have a similar mode action in vivo and in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Liang
- College of Plant Protection, , State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yabing Duan
- College of Plant Protection, , State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xiaoyue Yu
- College of Plant Protection, , State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jianxin Wang
- College of Plant Protection, , State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Mingguo Zhou
- College of Plant Protection, , State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
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23
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Oellig C. Acetonitrile extraction and dual-layer solid phase extraction clean-up for pesticide residue analysis in propolis. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1445:19-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.03.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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24
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Pérez-Ortega P, Lara-Ortega FJ, García-Reyes JF, Beneito-Cambra M, Gilbert-López B, Martos NR, Molina-Díaz A. Determination of Over 350 Multiclass Pesticides in Jams by Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (UHPLC-TOFMS). FOOD ANAL METHOD 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-015-0369-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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25
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26
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Zhao F, Hu C, Wang H, Zhao L, Yang Z. Development of a MAb-based immunoassay for the simultaneous determination of O,O-diethyl and O,O-dimethyl organophosphorus pesticides in vegetable and fruit samples pretreated with QuEChERS. Anal Bioanal Chem 2015; 407:8959-70. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-9055-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Revised: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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27
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España Amórtegui JC, Guerrero Dallos JA. Practical aspects in gas chromatography–mass spectrometry for the analysis of pesticide residues in exotic fruits. Food Chem 2015; 182:14-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.02.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Revised: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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28
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Yusa V, Millet M, Coscolla C, Roca M. Analytical methods for human biomonitoring of pesticides. A review. Anal Chim Acta 2015; 891:15-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Revised: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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29
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Simultaneous determination of 18 preservative residues in vegetables by ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole/linear ion trap mass spectrometry using a dispersive-SPE procedure. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2015; 989:21-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Revised: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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30
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Choi S, Kim S, Shin JY, Kim M, Kim JH. Development and verification for analysis of pesticides in eggs and egg products using QuEChERS and LC–MS/MS. Food Chem 2015; 173:1236-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.10.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Revised: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/25/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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31
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Biziuk M, Stocka J. Multiresidue Methods for Determination of Currently Used Pesticides in Fruits and Vegetables Using QuEChERS Technique. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.7763/ijesd.2015.v6.554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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32
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Panhwar A, Sheikh S, Soomro A, Abro G. Removal of Pesticide Residues from Tomato and its Products. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.6000/1927-5129.2014.10.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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33
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Uclés Moreno A, Herrera López S, Reichert B, Lozano Fernández A, Hernando Guil MD, Fernández-Alba AR. Microflow Liquid Chromatography Coupled to Mass Spectrometry—An Approach to Significantly Increase Sensitivity, Decrease Matrix Effects, and Reduce Organic Solvent Usage in Pesticide Residue Analysis. Anal Chem 2014; 87:1018-25. [DOI: 10.1021/ac5035852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Uclés Moreno
- Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), European Union Reference Laboratory for Pesticide Residues in Fruit & Vegetables, University of Almeria, Ctra. Sacramento, s/n, 04120 La Cañada de San Urbano, Almerı́a, Spain
| | - Sonia Herrera López
- Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), European Union Reference Laboratory for Pesticide Residues in Fruit & Vegetables, University of Almeria, Ctra. Sacramento, s/n, 04120 La Cañada de San Urbano, Almerı́a, Spain
| | - Barbara Reichert
- Department
of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Roraima 1000/42, 97105-900 Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- CAPES Foundation, Brazilian Ministry of Education, 70040-020 Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Ana Lozano Fernández
- Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), European Union Reference Laboratory for Pesticide Residues in Fruit & Vegetables, University of Almeria, Ctra. Sacramento, s/n, 04120 La Cañada de San Urbano, Almerı́a, Spain
| | | | - Amadeo Rodríguez Fernández-Alba
- Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), European Union Reference Laboratory for Pesticide Residues in Fruit & Vegetables, University of Almeria, Ctra. Sacramento, s/n, 04120 La Cañada de San Urbano, Almerı́a, Spain
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34
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EI and NCI GC–MS and GC–MS/MS: Comparative Study of Performance Characteristics for the Determination of Pesticide Residues in Plant Matrix. Chromatographia 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-014-2800-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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35
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Hird SJ, Lau BPY, Schuhmacher R, Krska R. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry for the determination of chemical contaminants in food. Trends Analyt Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2014.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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36
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Oellig C, Schwack W. Planar solid phase extraction clean-up and microliter-flow injection analysis–time-of-flight mass spectrometry for multi-residue screening of pesticides in food. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1351:1-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Revised: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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37
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Anzillotti L, Odoardi S, Strano-Rossi S. Cleaning up blood samples using a modified "QuEChERS" procedure for the determination of drugs of abuse and benzodiazepines by UPLC-MSMS(☆). Forensic Sci Int 2014; 243:99-106. [PMID: 24907511 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2014.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Revised: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The "QuEChERS" (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) dispersive SPE (dSPE) method is an emerging sample preparation technique that is becoming increasingly popular in the area of multi-residue pesticide analysis in food and agricultural products. A simplified QuEChERS extraction method followed by ultra high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) has been developed for the simultaneous determination of forensically relevant drugs of abuse (opiates including buprenorphine, methadone and fentanyl and analogues, cocaine and metabolites, amphetamines, LSD) and benzodiazepines and analogues (Z-drugs) in 1mL of human whole blood performing a sole extraction. The method was validated showing good repeatability, accuracy and linearity; LODs were 0.5ng/mL for all benzodiazepines tested while for drugs of abuse LODs varied from 0.05 to 2ng/mL. The method showed high throughput capabilities and was applied on various forensic cases for determination of pharmaceuticals and drugs of abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Anzillotti
- Forensic Toxicology Laboratory, Institute of Public Health, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, L. go F. Vito 1, Rome 00168, Italy
| | - Sara Odoardi
- Forensic Toxicology Laboratory, Institute of Public Health, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, L. go F. Vito 1, Rome 00168, Italy
| | - Sabina Strano-Rossi
- Forensic Toxicology Laboratory, Institute of Public Health, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, L. go F. Vito 1, Rome 00168, Italy.
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Comparison of QuEChERS official methodologies for the analysis of pesticide residues on Colombian fruit by GC-MS. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2014; 31:676-87. [PMID: 24499126 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2014.885660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Surveys of pesticide residues in fruit are important to demonstrate conformity with strict regulations of newly open markets for export of exotic fruit. Multi-residue methods are tools to ensure compliance with regulations and both the CEN and the AOAC have versions of QuEChERS that are used effectively as mainstream methods. The aim of this study was to assess their performance and pick the optimum one for this particular application using GC-MS. The use of graphitised carbon black (GCB) to improve clean-up was assessed. Optimisation of large volume injection (LVI) and implementation of concurrent back-flushing was needed in order to improve sensitivity at a low concentration levels for 33 pesticides (0.01 mg kg(-1)). Cleaner total ion current (TIC) profiles were obtained with the CEN method. Recoveries of most of the pesticides showed statistical differences (α = 0.05) when GCB was used in the AOAC method, unlike the CEN method. In general, GCB/no GCB use for CEN clean-up gave good, very similar results for all fruit, though some pesticides showed some adsorption on the GCB surface. The CEN general method was preferred since acceptable recoveries (> 80%) and RSD (< 20%) can be achieved for all analytes.
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39
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Liu W, Kou J, Xing H, Li B. Paper-based chromatographic chemiluminescence chip for the detection of dichlorvos in vegetables. Biosens Bioelectron 2014; 52:76-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2013.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Revised: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 08/14/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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40
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Wang X, Liu Y, Su Y, Yang J, Bian K, Wang Z, He LM. High-throughput screening and confirmation of 22 banned veterinary drugs in feedstuffs using LC-MS/MS and high-resolution Orbitrap mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:516-527. [PMID: 24364540 DOI: 10.1021/jf404501j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A new analytical strategy based on liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) combined with accurate mass high-resolution Orbitrap mass spectrometry (HR-Orbitrap MS) was performed for high-throughput screening, confirmation, and quantification of 22 banned or unauthorized veterinary drugs in feedstuffs according to Bulletin 235 of the Ministry of Agriculture, China. Feed samples were extracted with acidified acetonitrile, followed by cleanup using solid-phase extraction cartridge. The extracts were first screened by LC-MS/MS in a single selected reaction monitoring mode. The suspected positive samples were subjected to a specific pretreatment for confirmation and quantification of analyte of interest with LC-MS/MS and HR-Orbitrap MS. Mean recoveries for all target analytes (except for carbofuran and chlordimeform, which were about 35 and 45%, respectively) ranged from 52.2 to 90.4%, and the relative standard deviations were <15% except for 20% for carbofuran. The decision limits (CCαs) for target analytes in formulated feed were between 2.6 and 23 μg/kg, and the detection capabilities (CCβs) were between 4.2 and 34 μg/kg. The method was successfully applied to screening of real samples obtained from local feed markets and confirmation of the suspected target analytes. It provides a high-throughput, sensitive, and reliable screening, identification, and quantification of banned veterinary drugs in routine monitoring programs of feedstuffs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xufeng Wang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (SCAU), College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642, China
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41
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Indermuhle C, Martín de Vidales MJ, Sáez C, Robles J, Cañizares P, García-Reyes JF, Molina-Díaz A, Comninellis C, Rodrigo MA. Degradation of caffeine by conductive diamond electrochemical oxidation. CHEMOSPHERE 2013; 93:1720-1725. [PMID: 23769468 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.05.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Revised: 05/19/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The use of Conductive-Diamond Electrochemical Oxidation (CDEO) and Sonoelectrochemical Oxidation (CDSEO) has been evaluated for the removal of caffeine of wastewater. Effects of initial concentration, current density and supporting electrolyte on the process efficiency are assessed. Results show that caffeine is very efficiently removed with CDEO and that depletion of caffeine has two stages depending on its concentration. At low concentrations, opposite to what it is expected in a mass-transfer controlled process, the efficiency increases with current density very significantly, suggesting a very important role of mediated oxidation processes on the removal of caffeine. In addition, the removal of caffeine is faster than TOC, indicating the formation of reaction intermediates. The number and relative abundance of them depend on the operating conditions and supporting electrolyte used. In chloride media, removal of caffeine is faster and more efficiently, although the occurrence of more intermediates takes place. CDSEO does not increase the efficiency of caffeine removal, but it affects to the formation of intermediates. A detailed characterization of intermediates by liquid chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry seems to indicate that the degradation of caffeine by CDEO follows an oxidation pathway similar to mechanism proposed by other advanced oxidation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe Indermuhle
- Electrochemical Engineering Group, Chemical Engineering and Biochemistry Section, School of Basis Sciences, CHJ2 483, Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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A Simple and Improved HPLC Method for the Analysis of Dithianon in Red Pepper with Tandem Mass Spectrometry Confirmation. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-013-9669-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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43
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Kittlaus S, Kempe G, Speer K. Evaluation of matrix effects in different multipesticide residue analysis methods using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, including an automated two-dimensional cleanup approach. J Sep Sci 2013; 36:2185-95. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201300044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2013] [Revised: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 04/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Günther Kempe
- State Laboratory for Health and Veterinary Affairs (LUA) Saxony; Dresden Germany
| | - Karl Speer
- Department of Food Chemistry; Technical University Dresden; Dresden Germany
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Guo Y, Tian J, Liang C, Zhu G, Gui W. Multiplex bead-array competitive immunoassay for simultaneous detection of three pesticides in vegetables. Mikrochim Acta 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-013-0944-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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45
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Berendsen BJA, Stolker LAM, Nielen MWF. The (un)certainty of selectivity in liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2013; 24:154-163. [PMID: 23345060 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-012-0501-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2012] [Revised: 09/12/2012] [Accepted: 09/12/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We developed a procedure to determine the "identification power" of an LC-MS/MS method operated in the MRM acquisition mode, which is related to its selectivity. The probability of any compound showing the same precursor ion, product ions, and retention time as the compound of interest is used as a measure of selectivity. This is calculated based upon empirical models constructed from three very large compound databases. Based upon the final probability estimation, additional measures to assure unambiguous identification can be taken, like the selection of different or additional product ions. The reported procedure in combination with criteria for relative ion abundances results in a powerful technique to determine the (un)certainty of the selectivity of any LC-MS/MS analysis and thus the risk of false positive results. Furthermore, the procedure is very useful as a tool to validate method selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bjorn J A Berendsen
- RIKILT, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Akkermaalsbos 2, 6708WB, P.O. Box 230, 6700AE Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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Rajski Ł, Lozano A, Belmonte-Valles N, Uclés A, Uclés S, Mezcua M, Fernandez-Alba AR. Comparison of three multiresidue methods to analyse pesticides in green tea with liquid and gas chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Analyst 2013; 138:921-31. [DOI: 10.1039/c2an35995b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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47
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Lozano A, Rajski Ł, Belmonte-Valles N, Uclés A, Uclés S, Mezcua M, Fernández-Alba AR. Pesticide analysis in teas and chamomile by liquid chromatography and gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry using a modified QuEChERS method: Validation and pilot survey in real samples. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1268:109-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2012] [Revised: 09/27/2012] [Accepted: 10/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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48
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Gilbert-López B, García-Reyes JF, Molina-Díaz A. Determination of fungicide residues in baby food by liquid chromatography–ion trap tandem mass spectrometry. Food Chem 2012; 135:780-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.04.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2011] [Revised: 02/22/2012] [Accepted: 04/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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49
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Oellig C, Schwack W. Planar solid phase extraction clean-up for pesticide residue analysis in tea by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1260:42-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.08.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2012] [Revised: 08/27/2012] [Accepted: 08/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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50
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Andreu V, Picó Y. Determination of currently used pesticides in biota. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 404:2659-81. [PMID: 22918537 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-6331-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2012] [Revised: 07/16/2012] [Accepted: 08/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Although pesticides enable control of the quantity and quality of farm products and food, and help to limit diseases in humans transmitted by insects and rodents, they are regarded as among the most dangerous environmental contaminants because of their tendency to bioaccumulate, and their mobility and long-term effects on living organisms. In the past decade, more analytical methods for accurate identification and quantitative determination of traces of pesticides in biota have been developed to improve our understanding of their risk to ecosystems and humans. Because sample preparation is often the rate-determining step in analysis of pesticides in biological samples, this review first discusses extraction and clean-up procedures, after a brief introduction to the classes, and the methods used in the analysis of pesticides in biota. The analytical methods, especially chromatographic techniques and immunoassay-based methods, are reviewed in detail, and their corresponding advantages, limitations, applications, and prospects are also discussed. This review mainly covers reports published since 2008 on methods for analysis of currently used pesticides in biota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicente Andreu
- Centro de Investigaciones sobre Desertificación -CIDE, Moncada, Valencia, Spain
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