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Geddes da Filicaia E, Evershed RP, Peggie DA. Review of recent advances on the use of mass spectrometry techniques for the study of organic materials in painted artworks. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1246:340575. [PMID: 36764767 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.340575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The study of painted artworks using scientific methods is fundamental for understanding the techniques used in their creation and their appropriate conservation. The ethical constraints involved in the handling of, and sampling from, these objects has steered recent developments in the field of Heritage science towards a range of new non-invasive/non-destructive spectroscopic techniques capable of providing important insights into their elemental or bulk chemical compositions. Due to the inherent complexities of heritage artefacts, however, their organic components are especially difficult to study in this way and their identification and degradation pathways are thus often best investigated using mass spectrometric (MS) techniques. The versatility, sensitivity and specificity of MS techniques are constantly increasing, with technological advances pushing the boundaries of their use in this field. The progress in the past ten years in the use of MS techniques for the analysis of paint media are described in the present review. While some historical context is included, the body of the review is structured around the five most widely used or emerging capabilities offered by MS. The first pertains to the use of spatially resolved MS to obtain chemical maps of components in cross-sections, which may yield information on both inorganic and organic materials, while the second area describes the development of novel sample preparation approaches for gas chromatography (GC)-MS to allow simultaneous analysis of a variety of components. The third focuses on thermally assisted analysis (either with direct MS or coupled with GC-MS), a powerful tool for studying macromolecules requiring zero (or minimal) sample pre-treatment. Subsequently, the use of soft ionisation techniques often combined with high-resolution MS for the study of peptides (proteomics) and other macromolecules (such as oligosaccharides and triglycerides) is outlined. The fifth area covers the advances in radiocarbon dating of painting components with accelerator MS (AMS). Lastly, future applications of other MS techniques to the study of paintings are mentioned; such as direct analysis in real time MS (DART-MS) and stable isotope ratio MS (IRMS). The latter, having proven its efficiency for the study of lipids in archaeological artefacts, is envisioned to become a valuable tool for this area, whereas DART-MS is already being utilised to study the surface composition of various museum objects. Rapid technological advances, resulting in increased sensitivity and selectivity of MS techniques, are opening up new approaches for paintings analysis, overcoming the fundamental hurdle of sample size available for destructive analysis. Importantly, while the last decade has seen proteomics applications come to the fore, this review aims to emphasise the wider potential of advanced MS techniques for the study of painting materials and their conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Geddes da Filicaia
- Scientific Department, National Gallery, Trafalgar Square, London, WC2N 5DN, UK; Organic Geochemistry Unit, Bristol Biogeochemistry Research Centre, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1T, UK.
| | - Richard P Evershed
- Organic Geochemistry Unit, Bristol Biogeochemistry Research Centre, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1T, UK
| | - David A Peggie
- Scientific Department, National Gallery, Trafalgar Square, London, WC2N 5DN, UK
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Smoluch M, Sobczyk J, Szewczyk I, Karaszkiewicz P, Silberring J. Mass spectrometry in art conservation-With focus on paintings. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2021:e21767. [PMID: 34870867 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Conservation of historic artifacts has been a multidisciplinary field from its very beginning. Traditionally, it has been and still is associated with the history of art. It applies knowledge from technical and basic sciences, adapting their solutions to its goals. At present, however, a new tendency is clearly emerging-scientific research is starting to play an increasingly important role not only as a service, but also by proposing new solutions both in the traditional conservation areas and in new areas of conservation activities. The above trend opens up new perspectives for the field of preservation of our heritage but may also create new threats. Therefore, the conservators' caution in introducing new technologies should always be justified; after all, they are responsible for the effects of any activities on the historic objects. This, quite selective review, discusses application of mass spectrometry techniques for the detection of various components that are important to the conservators of our heritage with particular focus on paintings. The text also contains some basic knowledge of technical details to introduce the methodology to a broader group of professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Smoluch
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza, Poland
| | - Joanna Sobczyk
- Department of Museum Prevention, Krakow Division, National Museum, Kraków, Poland
| | - Ireneusz Szewczyk
- Department of Museum Prevention, Krakow Division, National Museum, Kraków, Poland
| | - Pawel Karaszkiewicz
- Department of Museum Prevention, Krakow Division, National Museum, Kraków, Poland
| | - Jerzy Silberring
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza, Poland
- Department of Museum Prevention, Krakow Division, National Museum, Kraków, Poland
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Cunsolo V, Foti S, Ner‐Kluza J, Drabik A, Silberring J, Muccilli V, Saletti R, Pawlak K, Harwood E, Yu F, Ciborowski P, Anczkiewicz R, Altweg K, Spoto G, Pawlaczyk A, Szynkowska MI, Smoluch M, Kwiatkowska D. Mass Spectrometry Applications. Mass Spectrom (Tokyo) 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/9781119377368.ch8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Inorganic mass spectrometry. PHYSICAL SCIENCES REVIEWS 2019. [DOI: 10.1515/psr-2018-0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Inorganic mass spectrometry has been used as a well-known analytical technique to determine elemental/isotopic composition of very diverse materials, based on the different mass-to-charge ratios of the ions produced in a specific source. In this case, two mass spectrometric techniques are explained and their analytical properties discussed: inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and thermal ionisation mass spectrometry (TIMS), since they are the most used in art and archaeological material studies. Both techniques combine advantageous analytical properties, like low detection limits, low interferences and high precision. The use of laser ablation as sample introduction system in ICP-MS allows to avoid sample preparation and to perform good spatial-resolution analysis. The development of new instruments, improving the mass separation and the detection of the ions, specially multicollection detectors, results in high-precision isotopic analysis. A summary of the important applications of these mass spectrometric techniques to the analysis of art and archaeological materials is also highlighted.
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Grasso G. Mass spectrometry is a multifaceted weapon to be used in the battle against Alzheimer's disease: Amyloid beta peptides and beyond. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2019; 38:34-48. [PMID: 29905953 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) accumulation and aggregation have been considered for many years the main cause of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and therefore have been the principal target of investigation as well as of the proposed therapeutic approaches (Grasso [2011] Mass Spectrom Rev. 30: 347-365). However, the amyloid cascade hypothesis, which considers Aβ accumulation the only causative agent of the disease, has proven to be incomplete if not wrong. In recent years, actors such as metal ions, oxidative stress, and other cofactors have been proposed as possible co-agents or, in some cases, main causative factors of AD. In this scenario, MS investigation has proven to be fundamental to design possible diagnostic strategies of this elusive disease, as well as to understand the biomolecular mechanisms involved, in the attempt to find a possible therapeutic solution. We review the current applications of MS in the search for possible Aβ biomarkers of AD to help the diagnosis of the disease. Recent examples of the important contributions that MS has given to prove or build theories on the molecular pathways involved with such terrible disease are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Grasso
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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Grasso G, Calcagno M, Rapisarda A, D'Agata R, Spoto G. Atmospheric pressure MALDI for the noninvasive characterization of carbonaceous ink from Renaissance documents. Anal Bioanal Chem 2017; 409:3943-3950. [PMID: 28429066 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0341-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The analytical methods that are usually applied to determine the compositions of inks from ancient manuscripts usually focus on inorganic components, as in the case of iron gall ink. In this work, we describe the use of atmospheric pressure/matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-mass spectrometry (AP/MALDI-MS) as a spatially resolved analytical technique for the study of the organic carbonaceous components of inks used in handwritten parts of ancient books for the first time. Large polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (L-PAH) were identified in situ in the ink of XVII century handwritten documents. We prove that it is possible to apply MALDI-MS as a suitable microdestructive diagnostic tool for analyzing samples in air at atmospheric pressure, thus simplifying investigations of the organic components of artistic and archaeological objects. The interpretation of the experimental MS results was supported by independent Raman spectroscopic investigations. Graphical abstract Atmospheric pressure/MALDI mass spectrometry detects in situ polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the carbonaceous ink of XVII century manuscripts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Grasso
- Department of Chemistry, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Marzia Calcagno
- Department of Chemistry, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Alessandro Rapisarda
- Department of Chemistry, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Roberta D'Agata
- Consorzio Interuniversitaro I.N.B.B., c/o Department of Chemistry, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Spoto
- Department of Chemistry, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy. .,Consorzio Interuniversitaro I.N.B.B., c/o Department of Chemistry, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy.
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Revealing the composition of organic materials in polychrome works of art: the role of mass spectrometry-based techniques. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 408:6957-81. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-9862-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Liang Z, Yin Z, Yang H, Xiao Y, Hang W, Li J. Nanoscale surface analysis that combines scanning probe microscopy and mass spectrometry: A critical review. Trends Analyt Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2015.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Kokkinaki O, Mihesan C, Velegrakis M, Anglos D. Comparative study of laser induced breakdown spectroscopy and mass spectrometry for the analysis of cultural heritage materials. J Mol Struct 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2013.01.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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