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James JJ, Sandhya KV, Sridhar KN, Sudarson S, Basavaraj BV, Bharath S. Proteomic Characterization of Human Placenta: Insights into Potential Therapeutic Applications for Osteoarthritis. AAPS PharmSciTech 2024; 25:139. [PMID: 38890179 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-024-02851-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Biologics have become increasingly prominent as therapeutics in recent years due to their innate immune-privileged nature, biocompatibility, and high levels of protein biofactors. The aim of the study is to characterise the biologic, lyophilized human placenta (LHP) and explore its therapeutic potential for osteoarthritis (OA). The presence of six bioactive constituents that regulate cell-extracellular matrix interaction was identified by liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization and quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-QTOF/MS). Metalloproteinase inhibitor 3 (TIMP3), alpha-1 anti-trypsin (a1AT), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), and transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) were detected and quantified using ELISA. The total protein content present in LHP by Bradford assay was found to be 409.35 ± 0.005 μg/ml. The analytical techniques such as Attenuated Total Reflectance-Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), solid state carbon-13 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (ssC13 NMR) spectroscopy, and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) revealed the secondary structure and conformational stability of LHP. X-Ray diffraction (XRD) studies showed its amorphous nature. Bioactivity assessment of LHP was performed in human keratinocytes (HaCaT) and human dermal fibroblasts (HDF) by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The LHP was highly proliferative against skin cells and non-toxic, based on the findings of the bioactivity assay. LHP has the potential to be used as a therapeutic agent for OA, as its characterisation unveiled its physical stability, significant concentration of bioactive components that are pertinent to cartilage repair and its conformational stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jithu Jerin James
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, MS Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, University House, Gnanagangothri Campus, New BEL Road, MSR Nagar, Bengaluru, 560054, India
| | - K V Sandhya
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, MS Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, University House, Gnanagangothri Campus, New BEL Road, MSR Nagar, Bengaluru, 560054, India.
| | - K N Sridhar
- Cancyte Technologies Pvt Ltd, Sri Shankara Research Centre, Rangadore Memorial Hospital, Shankarapuram, Bengaluru, India
| | - S Sudarson
- Cancyte Technologies Pvt Ltd, Sri Shankara Research Centre, Rangadore Memorial Hospital, Shankarapuram, Bengaluru, India
| | - B V Basavaraj
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, MS Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, University House, Gnanagangothri Campus, New BEL Road, MSR Nagar, Bengaluru, 560054, India
| | - S Bharath
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, MS Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, University House, Gnanagangothri Campus, New BEL Road, MSR Nagar, Bengaluru, 560054, India
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Nakipoglu M, Tezcaner A, Contag CH, Annabi N, Ashammakhi N. Bioadhesives with Antimicrobial Properties. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2300840. [PMID: 37269168 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202300840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Bioadhesives with antimicrobial properties enable easier and safer treatment of wounds as compared to the traditional methods such as suturing and stapling. Composed of natural or synthetic polymers, these bioadhesives seal wounds and facilitate healing while preventing infections through the activity of locally released antimicrobial drugs, nanocomponents, or inherently antimicrobial polers. Although many different materials and strategies are employed to develop antimicrobial bioadhesives, the design of these biomaterials necessitates a prudent approach as achieving all the required properties including optimal adhesive and cohesive properties, biocompatibility, and antimicrobial activity can be challenging. Designing antimicrobial bioadhesives with tunable physical, chemical, and biological properties will shed light on the path for future advancement of bioadhesives with antimicrobial properties. In this review, the requirements and commonly used strategies for developing bioadhesives with antimicrobial properties are discussed. In particular, different methods for their synthesis and their experimental and clinical applications on a variety of organs are reviewed. Advances in the design of bioadhesives with antimicrobial properties will pave the way for a better management of wounds to increase positive clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Nakipoglu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Engineering Sciences, School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Sciences, Bartin University, Bartin, 74000, Turkey
| | - Ayşen Tezcaner
- Department of Engineering Sciences, School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
- BIOMATEN, CoE in Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | - Christopher H Contag
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Nasim Annabi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Nureddin Ashammakhi
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
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Seiler VK, Weber S, Börner M, Witting M, Ehlers S, Nagel N. In-situ investigation of solid phase evolution during lyophilization of mannitol-based antibody formulations using an XRPD climate chamber. Eur J Pharm Sci 2023; 184:106407. [PMID: 36809814 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
Crystalline mannitol is commonly used as bulking agent in antibody formulations to provide structure to the lyophilized cake and prevent collapse. Depending on the lyophilization process conditions mannitol can either crystallize as α-, β-, δ-mannitol, mannitol-hemihydrate, or transition to its amorphous state. While crystalline mannitol helps to create a firmer cake structure this is not true for amorphous mannitol. The hemihydrate is also an undesired physical form as it may reduce the drug product stability by releasing bound water molecules into the cake. Our aim was to simulate lyophilization processes in an X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) climate chamber. In the climate chamber, the process can be carried out fast with low sample quantities to determine optimal process conditions. Insights on the emergence of desired anhydrous mannitol forms helps to adjust the process parameters in larger scale freeze-dryers. In our study we have identified the critical process steps for our formulations and then varied relevant process parameters, which were the annealing temperature, annealing time and temperature ramp rate of the freeze-drying process. Furthermore, the effect of the presence of antibodies on excipient crystallization was investigated by performing the studies on placebo solutions versus two respective antibody formulations. A comparison of the products obtained in a freeze-dryer and the simulated process in the climate chamber showed good accordance demonstrating the method as suitable tool to identify ideal process conditions on a laboratory scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa K Seiler
- Small Molecule Analytical R&D, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Knollstraße, Ludwigshafen 67061, Germany
| | - Stefan Weber
- Small Molecule Analytical R&D, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Knollstraße, Ludwigshafen 67061, Germany
| | - Markus Börner
- Small Molecule Analytical R&D, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Knollstraße, Ludwigshafen 67061, Germany
| | - Madeleine Witting
- Biologics Drug Product Development, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Knollstraße, Ludwigshafen 67061, Germany
| | - Sarah Ehlers
- Biologics Drug Product Development, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Knollstraße, Ludwigshafen 67061, Germany
| | - Norbert Nagel
- Small Molecule Analytical R&D, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Knollstraße, Ludwigshafen 67061, Germany.
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4
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Optimization of the different phases of the freeze-drying process of solid lipid nanoparticles using experimental designs. Int J Pharm 2023; 635:122717. [PMID: 36781084 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.122717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the effect of cryoprotectant type and concentration and freeze-drying process parameters were evaluated to determine an optimal freeze-drying process for celecoxib-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles. Different cryoprotectants were tested at different weight ratios (cryoprotectant:lipid). Trehalose, maltose, and sucrose at a 1:1 wt ratio were selected for further use in optimizing the freeze-drying process through experimental designs to accurately define the freezing, primary, and secondary drying conditions of the freeze-drying process. The optimal freeze-dried solid lipid nanoparticles were subjected to a 6-month stability study at either 4 °C or 25 °C/60% RH, resulting in significant growth when the nanoparticles were stored at 25 °C/60% RH. The best results were obtained with trehalose as a cryoprotectant and storage at 4 °C. Furthermore, the in vitro release data showed a significantly different release profile before and after optimization of the freeze-drying process, suggesting that the optimization of the freeze-drying process affected the quality of the freeze-dried cake. In conclusion, a successful lyophilization process was obtained due to rational cooperation between a good formulation and optimal conditions in the freezing and drying steps. This yielded an acceptable non-collapsed freeze-dried cake with good redispersibility, minimal changes in physicochemical properties, and long-term stability at 4 °C.
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Ermis E, Tekiner IH, Lee CC, Ucak S, Yetim H. An overview of protein powders and their use in food formulations. J FOOD PROCESS ENG 2023. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpe.14326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ertan Ermis
- Department of Food Engineering Istanbul Sabahattin Zaim University Istanbul Turkey
| | - Ismail Hakki Tekiner
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics Istanbul Sabahattin Zaim University Istanbul Turkey
- Department of Industrial Biotechnology Ansbach University of Applied Sciences Ansbach Germany
| | - Chi Ching Lee
- Department of Food Engineering Istanbul Sabahattin Zaim University Istanbul Turkey
| | - Sumeyye Ucak
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics Istanbul Sabahattin Zaim University Istanbul Turkey
| | - Hasan Yetim
- Department of Food Engineering Istanbul Sabahattin Zaim University Istanbul Turkey
- Halal Food R&D Center of Excellence Istanbul Sabahattin Zaim University Istanbul Turkey
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Hou N, Zhao X, Han Z, Jiang X, Fang Y, Chen Y, Li D. Dodecenylsuccinic anhydride-modified oxalate decarboxylase loaded with magnetic nano-Fe 3O 4@SiO 2 for demulsification of oil-in-water emulsions. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 308:136595. [PMID: 36167213 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The inability to demulsify oil-in-water emulsions via green and efficient processes is a challenging problem in many industrial processes. As a novel biodemulsifier, protein demulsifiers display excellent dispersibility and stability, but their demulsification mechanisms are not clear, which severely restricts their large-scale production and application. In this study, the demulsification mechanism of the high-efficiency protein biodemulsifier oxalate decarboxylase (Bacm OxdC), which is secreted by the Bacillus mojavensis XH1 strain, for an oil-in-water emulsion was analyzed. The results showed that Bacm OxdC was spontaneously adsorbed at the oil-water interface and turned its hydrophobic amino acids outward to increase its hydrophobicity and break the emulsified system. Furthermore, it effectively reduced the oil-water interfacial tension and interfacial film strength, thereby reducing the oil-water interfacial energy and finally enabling demulsification. To further improve the demulsification efficiency and reusability, Fe3O4@SiO2@OxdC-DDSA was prepared. This method provided a magnetic response for Bacm OxdC and enabled efficient demulsification. The demulsification rate of Fe3O4@SiO2@OxdC-DDSA reached 98.1% at 24 h, which was 30.7% higher than that of the original Bacm OxdC. After three cycles, the demulsification rate still reached 89.3%, proving it has excellent recyclability. This work is the first study on the demulsification mechanism of protein biodemulsifiers and provides useful insights into the demulsification mechanism of biodemulsifiers for oil-in-water emulsions. In addition, a promising high-efficiency modification technique for protein biodemulsifiers was proposed, which provided information for the development of biodemulsifiers for oil-water separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Hou
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 600 Changjiang Street, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150030, PR China
| | - Xin Zhao
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 600 Changjiang Street, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150030, PR China
| | - Ziyi Han
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 600 Changjiang Street, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150030, PR China
| | - Xinxin Jiang
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 600 Changjiang Street, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150030, PR China
| | - Yongping Fang
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 600 Changjiang Street, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150030, PR China
| | - Yun Chen
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 600 Changjiang Street, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150030, PR China
| | - Dapeng Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 600 Changjiang Street, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150030, PR China.
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7
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Infrared Thermography for Monitoring of Freeze Drying Processes—Part 2: Monitoring of Temperature on the Surface and Vertically in Cuvettes during Freeze Drying of a Pharmaceutical Formulation. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14051007. [PMID: 35631593 PMCID: PMC9144070 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14051007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The coupling of an infrared (IR) camera to a freeze dryer for monitoring of the temperature of a pharmaceutical formulation (sucrose/mannitol solution, 4:1%, m/m) during freeze-drying has been exploited further. The new development allows monitoring of temperatures simultaneously at the surface as well as vertically, (e.g., in depth) along the side using custom-made cuvettes. The IR camera was placed on the chamber roof of a process-scale freeze dryer. Monitoring of cuvettes containing the formulation took place from above where one side of each cuvette was equipped with a germanium window. The Ge-window was placed next to an IR mirror having a 45° angle. The long-wave infrared radiation (LWIR) coming from the inside of the cuvette was reflected upwards toward the IR camera. Accurate recording of the temperature along the cuvettes’ depth profile was therefore possible. Direct imaging from −40 °C to 30 °C took place every 60 s on the surface and on the side with a 2 × 2 mm resolution per IR pixel for 45 h resulting in 2700 thermograms. Results are presented for freeze-drying of a pharmaceutical formulation as a function of time and spatially for the entire side (depth) of the cuvette. As the sublimation process was progressing, the spatial resolution (84 IR pixels for the side-view and 64 pixels for the surface-view) was more than sufficient to reveal lower temperatures deeper down in the material. The results show that the pharmaceutical formulation (a true solution at the onset) dries irregularly and that the sublimation front does not progress evenly through the material. During secondary drying, potential evaporative cooling of upper layers could be detected thanks to the high thermal and spatial resolution.
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8
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Sacher S, Poms J, Dekner M, Wallner-Mang S, Vogt M, Khinast JG, Schennach R. X-ray imaging: A potential enabler of automated particulate detection and cake-structure analysis in lyophilized products? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICS-X 2021; 3:100101. [PMID: 34755105 PMCID: PMC8556755 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpx.2021.100101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The presence of particulate matter in parenteral products is a major concern since it affects the patients' safety and is one of the main reasons for product recalls. Conventional quality control is based on a visual inspection, which is a labour-intensive task. Limited to clear solutions and the surface of lyophilised products, it cannot be applied to opaque containers. This study assesses the application of X-ray imaging for detecting the particulate matter in a pharmaceutical lyophilized product. The most common types of particulates (i.e., steel, glass, lyo stopper, polymers and organics in different size classes) were intentionally spiked in vials. After optimizing all relevant parameters of the X-ray set-up, all classes of particulates were detected. At the same time, due to contrast enhancement, the inherent structures of lyophilized cake became obvious. This work addresses the potential and limits of X-ray technology in that regard, paving the way for automated image-based particulate matter detection. Moreover, this paper discusses using this approach to predict critical quality attributes (CQAs) of the drug product based on the cake structure attributes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Sacher
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, Inffeldgasse 13/2, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Johannes Poms
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, Inffeldgasse 13/2, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Michael Dekner
- Baxter AG (part of Takeda), Industriestraße 67, 1220 Wien, Austria
| | | | - Martin Vogt
- Syntegon Technology GmbH, Postfach 1127, 71301 Waiblingen, Germany
| | - Johannes G Khinast
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, Inffeldgasse 13/2, 8010 Graz, Austria.,Institute for Process and Particle Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 13/3, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Robert Schennach
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 16/2, 8010 Graz, Austria
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Lyophilization of Nanocapsules: Instability Sources, Formulation and Process Parameters. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13081112. [PMID: 34452072 PMCID: PMC8400524 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13081112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymeric nanocapsules have gained more and more interest in the medical sciences. Their core-shell structure offers numerous advantages, especially regarding their use as drug delivery systems. This review begins by presenting the different intrinsic sources of the instability of nanocapsules. The physical and chemical potential instabilities of nanocapsules reduce their shelf-life and constitute a barrier to their clinical use and to their commercialization. To overcome these issues, lyophilization is often used as a process of choice in the pharmaceutical industry especially when labile compounds are used. The state of the art of lyophilization nanocapsules is reviewed. The formulation properties and the process parameters are discussed for a complete understanding of their impact on the stability and storage of the final dried product. To assess the quality of the dried product, various characterization methods are also discussed.
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Bolje A, Gobec S. Analytical Techniques for Structural Characterization of Proteins in Solid Pharmaceutical Forms: An Overview. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13040534. [PMID: 33920461 PMCID: PMC8070348 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13040534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic proteins as biopharmaceuticals have emerged as a very important class of drugs for the treatment of many diseases. However, they are less stable compared to conventional pharmaceuticals. Their long-term stability in solid forms, which is critical for product performance, depends heavily on the retention of the native protein structure during the lyophilization (freeze-drying) process and, thereafter, in the solid state. Indeed, the biological function of proteins is directly related to the tertiary and secondary structure. Besides physical stability and biological activity, conformational stability (three-dimensional structure) is another important aspect when dealing with protein pharmaceuticals. Moreover, denaturation as loss of higher order structure is often a precursor to aggregation or chemical instability. Careful study of the physical and chemical properties of proteins in the dried state is therefore critical during biopharmaceutical drug development to deliver a final drug product with built-in quality that is safe, high-quality, efficient, and affordable for patients. This review provides an overview of common analytical techniques suitable for characterizing pharmaceutical protein powders, providing structural, and conformational information, as well as insights into dynamics. Such information can be very useful in formulation development, where selecting the best formulation for the drug can be quite a challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aljoša Bolje
- Correspondence: (A.B.); (S.G.); Tel.: +386-147-69500 (A.B.); +386-147-69585 (S.G.)
| | - Stanislav Gobec
- Correspondence: (A.B.); (S.G.); Tel.: +386-147-69500 (A.B.); +386-147-69585 (S.G.)
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11
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Qian Y, Shao Q, Xu Q, Qiao H. Pharmacokinetics of Recombinant Human Growth Hormone (rhGH) in Beagles by ELISA. CURR PHARM ANAL 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1573412915666190709094740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background::
Somatropin is recombinant human growth (GH) used for the treatment of
growth failure in children and GH deficiency in adults. At present, rhGH marketed in China is mostly
freeze-dried powder injection. As the lyophilization process is unstable, time-consuming and costly,
rhGH has been prepared into an aqueous solution for administering directly.
Introduction::
In this study, the pharmacokinetics of two dosage forms of rhGH in beagle dogs after
single subcutaneous administration was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
Methods:
Twelve healthy beagles (male, 6:female, 6) were used for the pharmacokinetic study and
were equally divided into two groups. Subcutaneous injection of 0.2 IU/kg with rhGH in the two formulations.
The blood samples were taken from forearms, 0, 0.033, 0.083, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 10, 24 h
and collected the beagle plasma on time. The pharmacokinetic parameters of rhGH after subcutaneous
(s.c.) injection were determined experimentally on beagles. Primary PK endpoints were area under the
serum concentration-time curve (AUC0-t) and maximum serum concentration (Cmax). Serum rhGH level
was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
Results::
The calibration curves obtained were linear over the concentration range of 25 to 1600 ng/ml
for recombinant human growth. The results of the intra- and inter-day precision and accuracy studies
were well within the acceptable limits. The analysis samples were stable under different storage conditions
and temperature.
Conclusions::
The developed ELISA method has been successfully applied to the studies of pharmacokinetic
of recombinant human growth hormone in beagles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueyue Qian
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Qing Shao
- Jiangsu Provincial Institute of Materia Medica, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Quanyu Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Hongqun Qiao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
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12
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Duralliu A, Matejtschuk P, Williams DR. Measuring the specific surface area (SSA) of freeze-dried biologics using inverse gas chromatography. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2019; 142:216-221. [PMID: 31233863 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2019.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The specific surface area (SSA) of freeze-dried biologics (FD) is usually measured via a Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis of volumetric nitrogen adsorption isotherms. However, this technique has accuracy limitations for materials <0.5 m2/g, requires dry samples, must be measured at 77 K and has slow sample preparation times (drying/degassing). Inverse gas chromatography (IGC) is chromatographic characterization technique which can be used to analyse the SSA (down to ≈0.1 m2/g) of various solid-state materials including powders using organic molecules such as octane at ambient temperatures/pressure for a range of relative humidities. This study presents a comprehensive comparison between the N2 BET adsorption versus octane BET adsorption using IGC methods for determining the SSA's for a range of freeze dried biological materials. These include IgG 5% w/w, an influenza antigen standard, sucrose 5% w/w and trehalose 5% w/w. IGC provided comparable SSA values to the N2 BET method with better reproducibility (lower RSDs %). Large variations in average SSA within manufactured FD batches were observed for both IGC and volumetric determinations. IGC was also used to measure the change in SSA with increasing humidity, with FD cakes shrinking and losing their structural integrity with increasing moisture content. Such information highlights the importance of moisture content in determining the physical stability of FD cakes as exemplified by their SSA. In conclusion, IGC is a suitable alternative method for determining the SSA of freeze-dried biological materials which are generally strongly dependent on their moisture content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnold Duralliu
- Surfaces and Particle Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Matejtschuk
- National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire EN6 3QG, United Kingdom
| | - Daryl R Williams
- Surfaces and Particle Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom.
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13
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Franzé S, Selmin F, Samaritani E, Minghetti P, Cilurzo F. Lyophilization of Liposomal Formulations: Still Necessary, Still Challenging. Pharmaceutics 2018; 10:E139. [PMID: 30154315 PMCID: PMC6161153 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics10030139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, the freeze-drying of liposome dispersions is still necessary to provide a solid dosage form intended for different routes of administration (i.e., parenteral, oral, nasal and/or pulmonary). However, after decades of studies the optimization of process conditions remains still challenging since the freezing and the dehydration destabilize the vesicle organization with the concomitant drug leakage. Starting from the thermal properties of phospholipids, this work reviews the main formulation and process parameters which can guarantee a product with suitable characteristics and increase the efficiency of the manufacturing process. In particular, an overview of the cryo- and/or lyo-protective mechanisms of several excipients and the possible use of co-solvent mixtures is provided. Attention is also focused on the imaging methods recently proposed to characterize the appearance of freeze-dried products and liposome dispersions upon reconstitution. The combination of such data would allow a better knowledge of the factors causing inter-vials variability in the attempt to improve the quality of the final medicinal product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Franzé
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via G. Colombo 71, Milano 20133, Italy.
| | - Francesca Selmin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via G. Colombo 71, Milano 20133, Italy.
| | - Elena Samaritani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via G. Colombo 71, Milano 20133, Italy.
| | - Paola Minghetti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via G. Colombo 71, Milano 20133, Italy.
| | - Francesco Cilurzo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via G. Colombo 71, Milano 20133, Italy.
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Coussot G, Le Postollec A, Faye C, Dobrijevic M. A gold standard method for the evaluation of antibody-based materials functionality: Approach to forced degradation studies. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 152:17-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Hinman SS, McKeating KS, Cheng Q. DNA Linkers and Diluents for Ultrastable Gold Nanoparticle Bioconjugates in Multiplexed Assay Development. Anal Chem 2017; 89:4272-4279. [PMID: 28316233 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b00341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A novel bioconjugation strategy leading to ultrastable gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), utilizing DNA linkers and diluents in place of traditional self-assembled monolayers, is reported. The protective capacity of DNA confers straightforward biomolecular attachment and multistep derivatization capabilities to these nanoparticles and, more significantly, substantially enhances their stability in demanding and complex sensing environments. The DNA/AuNPs were assembled through pH-assisted thiol-gold bonding of single stranded DNA and salt aging, with preconjugated biotin moieties facing outward from the gold surface. These nanoparticles remain a stable colloidal suspension under a wide range of buffers and ionic strengths and can endure multiple rounds of lyophilization while retaining high biological activity. Furthermore, the high stability of the DNA/AuNPs allows for multiple reactions and conjugations to be performed within the colloidal suspensions (i.e., Protein A and antibody binding) for tailored and specific recognition to take place. We have demonstrated the applications of the DNA/AuNPs for colorimetric assays and ELISA feasibility; additionally, SPR imaging analysis of a supported membrane microarray shows excellent results with DNA/AuNPs as the enhancing agent. Together, the properties imparted by this interface render the material suitable for clinical and point-of-care applications where stability, throughput, and extended shelf lives are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel S Hinman
- Environmental Toxicology and ‡Department of Chemistry, University of California-Riverside , Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Kristy S McKeating
- Environmental Toxicology and ‡Department of Chemistry, University of California-Riverside , Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Quan Cheng
- Environmental Toxicology and ‡Department of Chemistry, University of California-Riverside , Riverside, California 92521, United States
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