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Ueta I, Sumiya K, Fujimura K, Ariizumi Y, Kikuchi R, Kawata K, Saito Y. Volatile anticancer drug determination by thermal desorption technique with polydimethylsiloxane-coated macroporous silica adsorbent in gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. ANAL SCI 2024; 40:3-8. [PMID: 37878142 DOI: 10.1007/s44211-023-00449-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
An analytical method for quantifying the volatile anticancer drugs ifosfamide (IF) and cyclophosphamide (CP) in air was developed on the basis of thermal desorption (TD)-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Polydimethylsiloxane-coated macroporous silica was used as the adsorbent. The extraction tube was prepared by packing 0.2 g of adsorbent particles into a glass tube. The extraction and desorption efficiencies of the proposed method were quantitatively investigated in this study. The limits of detection of the proposed method for IF and CP were 3.3 ng L-1 at an air sampling volume of 3.0 L (30 min). The sensitivity of the proposed method was compared with using a Tenax TA packed tube that is widely used as the extraction medium in TD analysis. Finally, detection of IF and CP that evaporated from aqueous standard solution was investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikuo Ueta
- Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Yamanashi, 4-3-11 Takeda, Kofu, 400-8511, Japan.
| | - Katsunori Sumiya
- Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Yamanashi, 4-3-11 Takeda, Kofu, 400-8511, Japan
| | - Koji Fujimura
- Shinwa Chemical Industries Ltd., 50-2 Kagekatsu, Fushimi, Kyoto, 612-8307, Japan
| | - Yuki Ariizumi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Yamanashi, 4-3-11 Takeda, Kofu, 400-8511, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Kikuchi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Yamanashi Hospital, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, 409-3898, Japan
| | - Keishi Kawata
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Yamanashi Hospital, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, 409-3898, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Saito
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Life Science, Toyohashi University of Technology, 1-1 Hibarigaoka, Tempaku, Toyohashi, 441-8580, Japan
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2
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Chen X, Wu W, Zeng J, Ibañez E, Cifuentes A, Mao J, Yu L, Wu H, Li P, Zhang Z. A smartphone-powered photoelectrochemical POCT via Z-scheme Cu 2O/Cu 3SnS 4 for dibutyl phthalate in the environmental and food. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 460:132281. [PMID: 37639792 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
As a major hazardous additive released from microplastics and nanoplastics, identifying dibutyl phthalate (DBP) in complex matrices attracts a growing concern in environmental monitoring and food safety. For the first time, Cu2O/Cu3SnS4 nanoflower is prepared and serves as the photoactive material which can be constructed as a smartphone-based photoelectrochemical (PEC) point-of-care test (POCT). Effectively matching energy levels between Cu2O and Cu3SnS4 accelerated the transfer of photogenerated electron-hole pairs, significantly improving the intelligent PEC POCT performance. The novel Cu2O/Cu3SnS4 has proven to be the Z-scheme heterojunction by density functional theory calculation. A competitive immunoassay has been realized on a Cu2O/Cu3SnS4 modified electrode, dramatically decreasing the photocurrent signal and enhancing POCT sensitivity. The smartphone has been used to record and transfer PEC results. Under optimal conditions, the PEC POCT exhibited a satisfying linear range (0.04-400 ng/mL) and a low detection limit of 7.94 pg/mL in real samples, together with excellent stability, repeatability, reproducibility and selectivity. The PEC POCT system provides good performance and practicability in determining DBP in water and edible oil samples. This proposal provides a practical strategy for the intelligent POCT for environment monitoring and food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Chen
- School of Bioengineering and Health, State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, PR China; Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hubei Hongshan Laborator, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Key Laboratory of Detection for Mycotoxins, National Reference Lab for Biotoxin Test, Wuhan 430062, PR China; College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, PR China
| | - Wenqin Wu
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hubei Hongshan Laborator, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Key Laboratory of Detection for Mycotoxins, National Reference Lab for Biotoxin Test, Wuhan 430062, PR China
| | - Jing Zeng
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, PR China
| | - Elena Ibañez
- Foodomics Laboratory, CIAL, CSIC-UAM, Nicolas Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Cifuentes
- Foodomics Laboratory, CIAL, CSIC-UAM, Nicolas Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jin Mao
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hubei Hongshan Laborator, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Key Laboratory of Detection for Mycotoxins, National Reference Lab for Biotoxin Test, Wuhan 430062, PR China
| | - Li Yu
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hubei Hongshan Laborator, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Key Laboratory of Detection for Mycotoxins, National Reference Lab for Biotoxin Test, Wuhan 430062, PR China
| | - Huimin Wu
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, PR China
| | - Peiwu Li
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hubei Hongshan Laborator, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Key Laboratory of Detection for Mycotoxins, National Reference Lab for Biotoxin Test, Wuhan 430062, PR China
| | - Zhaowei Zhang
- School of Bioengineering and Health, State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, PR China; Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hubei Hongshan Laborator, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Key Laboratory of Detection for Mycotoxins, National Reference Lab for Biotoxin Test, Wuhan 430062, PR China.
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3
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Machine learning-assisted non-destructive plasticizer identification and quantification in historical PVC objects based on IR spectroscopy. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5017. [PMID: 35322097 PMCID: PMC8943100 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08862-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-destructive spectroscopic analysis combined with machine learning rapidly provides information on the identity and content of plasticizers in PVC objects of heritage value. For the first time, a large and diverse collection of more than 100 PVC objects in different degradation stages and of diverse chemical compositions was analysed by chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques to create a dataset used to construct classification and regression models. Accounting for this variety makes the model more robust and reliable for the analysis of objects in museum collections. Six different machine learning classification algorithms were compared to determine the algorithm with the highest classification accuracy of the most common plasticizers, based solely on the spectroscopic data. A classification model capable of the identification of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, di(2-ethylhexyl) terephthalate, diisononyl phthalate, diisodecyl phthalate, a mixture of diisononyl phthalate and diisodecyl phthalate, and unplasticized PVC was constructed. Additionally, regression models for quantification of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate and di(2-ethylhexyl) terephthalate in PVC were built. This study of real-life objects demonstrates that classification and quantification of plasticizers in a general collection of degraded PVC objects is possible, providing valuable data to collection managers.
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4
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Hu H, Li T, Bao J, Zhang X, Sun X, Xu K, Liu Q, Guo Y. Determination of Phthalates in Marine Sediments Using Ultrasonic Extraction Followed by Dispersive Solid-Phase Extraction and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. J Chromatogr Sci 2021; 60:207-216. [PMID: 34159372 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmab080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
A simple, rapid and novel method has been developed and validated for determination of 16 phthalates in marine sediment samples by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Freeze dried samples were first ultrasonic extraction by n-hexane:methylene chloride (1:1, v/v) and n-hexane:ethyl acetate (1:1, v/v) and followed by dispersive solid-phase extraction cleanup. The linearity of this method ranged from 1 to 1,000 μg/L, with regression coefficients ranging between 0.9993 and 0.9999. The limits of detection were in ng/g level, ranging between 0.1 and 0.25 ng/g (dry weight). The concentration of the total phthalates in marine sediment samples from Waters of Dongji (Zhoushan, China), Yueqing Bay (Wenzhou, China) and Coastal Waters of Yuhuan (Taizhou, China) ranged from 235.4 to 608.7 μg/kg with diisobutyl phthalate, dibutyl phthalate and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate being the major species, which constitutes of 94.6 and 98.1% of the total phthalates. The recoveries of spiked 16 phthalates at different concentration levels in sediment sample 3 of Waters of Dongji (Zhoushan, China) and sediment sample 3 of Yueqing bay (Wenzhou, China) were in the range of 78-117% and 83-114%, respectively, with relative standard deviations of 2.4-6.8% and 3.4-7.5% (n = 5), respectively. The performance of the proposed method was also compared with traditional Soxhlet extraction and column chromatography cleanup on the same genuine sediment samples and comparable efficiencies were obtained. It is concluded that this method can be successfully applied for the determination of phthalates in different marine sediment samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Hu
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Technology Research for Fisheries Resources of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Tiyu Road 28, Dinghai District, Zhoushan 316021, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Tiejun Li
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Technology Research for Fisheries Resources of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Tiyu Road 28, Dinghai District, Zhoushan 316021, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Jingjiao Bao
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Technology Research for Fisheries Resources of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Tiyu Road 28, Dinghai District, Zhoushan 316021, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoning Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Sericulture, No. 2 Tiansheng Road College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences Southwest University Beibei District, Chongqing 400715, P.R. China
| | - Xiumei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Technology Research for Fisheries Resources of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Tiyu Road 28, Dinghai District, Zhoushan 316021, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Kaida Xu
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Technology Research for Fisheries Resources of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Tiyu Road 28, Dinghai District, Zhoushan 316021, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Qin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Technology Research for Fisheries Resources of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Tiyu Road 28, Dinghai District, Zhoushan 316021, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Yuanming Guo
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Technology Research for Fisheries Resources of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Tiyu Road 28, Dinghai District, Zhoushan 316021, Zhejiang, P.R. China
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5
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Wu D, Liu F, Tian T, Wu JF, Zhao GC. Copper ferrite nanoparticles as novel coating appropriated to solid-phase microextraction of phthalate esters from aqueous matrices. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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6
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Zeng LJ, Huang YH, Chen XT, Chen XH, Mo CH, Feng YX, Lü H, Xiang L, Li YW, Li H, Cai QY, Wong MH. Prevalent phthalates in air-soil-vegetable systems of plastic greenhouses in a subtropical city and health risk assessments. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 743:140755. [PMID: 32758841 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Wide use of plastic greenhouses for vegetable production increases human exposure to phthalate (PAEs) through vegetable intake. However, little information is available about distribution of PAEs in air-soil-vegetable systems of plastic greenhouses and PAE estrogenic effects. This study was designed to investigate PAE distributions and corresponding health risk in plastic greenhouses in Guangzhou, a subtropical city in South China. PAEs were prevalent in plastic greenhouses, with sum concentrations of 16 PAE compounds (∑16PAEs) up to 5.76 mg/kg in soils, 5.27 mg/kg in vegetables and 4393 ng/m3 in air. Di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, di-isobutyl phthalate, and dibutyl phthalate were predominant compounds. Average concentrations and bioconcentration factor of ∑16PAEs and the predominant PAE compounds in vegetables of greenhouses were higher than those of open fields. Plastic greenhouses exhibited significantly higher air PAE levels than those of open fields due to higher indoor temperature, which enhanced PAE accumulation by vegetables. Both carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks of PAEs via dietary and non-dietary exposures for farmers decreased with an order of vegetable > air > soil. Consumption of vegetables from greenhouses resulted in significantly higher estrogenic effects compared to those from open field cultivation. This study emphasizes highly potential health risks of PAEs in air-soil-vegetable systems of plastic greenhouses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Juan Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yu-Hong Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xiao-Ting Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Ce-Hui Mo
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yu-Xi Feng
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Huixiong Lü
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Lei Xiang
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yan-Wen Li
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Hui Li
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Quan-Ying Cai
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Ming-Hung Wong
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Consortium on Health, Environment, Education and Research (CHEER), Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong, China
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7
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Ueta I, Takenaka R, Fujimura K, Yoshimura T, Narukami S, Mochizuki S, Maeda T. Simultaneous Extraction and Determination of Volatile Organic Compounds and Semi-volatile Organic Compounds in Indoor Air Using Multi-bed Solid Phase Extraction Device. ANAL SCI 2020; 36:1071-1074. [PMID: 32307348 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.20p022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A method for the simultaneous extraction and determination of indoor volatile compounds, including volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs), was developed using a multi-bed solid phase extraction (SPE)-type collection device. The collection device was prepared by packing styrene-divinylbenzene polymer particles and activated carbon particles. The collected analytes were completely desorbed by passing 7 mL of acetone, and the solvent was then injected into a gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry without the concentration process. Because the proposed method does not require ultrasonication and a concentration process of eluted solvent, quantitative determination of a relatively volatile compound could be achieved. The total recovery including extraction and elution recoveries for all the investigated analytes were in the range from 91.6 to 109%. The limit of quantification was less than 4.0 ng L-1 for all the investigated analytes, and relative standard deviations of the peak area of the analytes in indoor air were less than 12%. The collection device could be reused for over 50 samplings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikuo Ueta
- Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Yamanashi
| | - Risa Takenaka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Yamanashi
| | | | | | | | | | - Tsuneaki Maeda
- Professionals' Network in Advanced Instrumentation Society
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8
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Paluselli A, Kim SK. Horizontal and vertical distribution of phthalates acid ester (PAEs) in seawater and sediment of East China Sea and Korean South Sea: Traces of plastic debris? MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 151:110831. [PMID: 32056624 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.110831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Phthalate acid esters (PAEs) are commonly used as plasticizers in numerous plastic applications. Owing to their high leachability, the occurrence of PAEs can be used to trace plastic pollution. The northwest Pacific marginal seas, including the East China Sea, are suspected not only to be the area that receives the most plastic waste globally but also transit the waste to the ocean worldwide. To identify the potential sources of PAEs in this area, seawater at different water depths and sediment were investigated. The highest level of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), which is primarily used in plastic polymers, was observed in the accumulation zone of plastic debris. Moreover, DEHP exhibited not only the highest levels in the bottom layer of water column but also a significant correlation between bottom water layer and bed sediment, which strongly suggests a continuous flow of PAEs from the seafloor to the seawater column in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Paluselli
- Research Institute of Basic Sciences, Incheon National University, 119 Academy-ro, Yeounsu-gu, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Kyu Kim
- Research Institute of Basic Sciences, Incheon National University, 119 Academy-ro, Yeounsu-gu, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea; Department of Marine Science, College of Natural Sciences, Incheon National University, 119 Academy-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea.
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9
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UETA I, TAKENAKA R, FUJIMURA K, NARUKAMI S, SASAKI T, MAEDA T. Quantitative Determination of 2-Ethyl-1-hexanol, Texanol and TXIB in In-door Air Using a Solid-Phase Extraction-type Collection Device Followed by Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry. ANAL SCI 2019; 35:855-859. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.19p033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ikuo UETA
- Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Yamanashi
| | - Risa TAKENAKA
- Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Yamanashi
| | | | | | | | - Tsuneaki MAEDA
- Professionals’ Network in Advanced Instrumentation Society
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10
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Han Z, Yang Z, Sun H, Xu Y, Ma X, Shan D, Chen J, Huo S, Zhang Z, Du P, Lu X. Electrochemiluminescence Platforms Based on Small Water‐Insoluble Organic Molecules for Ultrasensitive Aqueous‐Phase Detection. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201814507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengang Han
- Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry and Environmental Analysis of Gansu ProvinceCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNorthwest Normal University Lanzhou 730070 China
| | - Zhaofan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry and Environmental Analysis of Gansu ProvinceCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNorthwest Normal University Lanzhou 730070 China
| | - Heshui Sun
- Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry and Environmental Analysis of Gansu ProvinceCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNorthwest Normal University Lanzhou 730070 China
| | - Yali Xu
- Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry and Environmental Analysis of Gansu ProvinceCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNorthwest Normal University Lanzhou 730070 China
| | - Xiaofang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry and Environmental Analysis of Gansu ProvinceCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNorthwest Normal University Lanzhou 730070 China
| | - Duoliang Shan
- Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry and Environmental Analysis of Gansu ProvinceCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNorthwest Normal University Lanzhou 730070 China
| | - Jing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry and Environmental Analysis of Gansu ProvinceCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNorthwest Normal University Lanzhou 730070 China
| | - Shuhui Huo
- Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry and Environmental Analysis of Gansu ProvinceCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNorthwest Normal University Lanzhou 730070 China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic ScienceDepartment of ChemistryTianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
| | - Peiyao Du
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic ScienceDepartment of ChemistryTianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
| | - Xiaoquan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry and Environmental Analysis of Gansu ProvinceCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNorthwest Normal University Lanzhou 730070 China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic ScienceDepartment of ChemistryTianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
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11
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Han Z, Yang Z, Sun H, Xu Y, Ma X, Shan D, Chen J, Huo S, Zhang Z, Du P, Lu X. Electrochemiluminescence Platforms Based on Small Water‐Insoluble Organic Molecules for Ultrasensitive Aqueous‐Phase Detection. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:5915-5919. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201814507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengang Han
- Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry and Environmental Analysis of Gansu ProvinceCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNorthwest Normal University Lanzhou 730070 China
| | - Zhaofan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry and Environmental Analysis of Gansu ProvinceCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNorthwest Normal University Lanzhou 730070 China
| | - Heshui Sun
- Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry and Environmental Analysis of Gansu ProvinceCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNorthwest Normal University Lanzhou 730070 China
| | - Yali Xu
- Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry and Environmental Analysis of Gansu ProvinceCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNorthwest Normal University Lanzhou 730070 China
| | - Xiaofang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry and Environmental Analysis of Gansu ProvinceCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNorthwest Normal University Lanzhou 730070 China
| | - Duoliang Shan
- Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry and Environmental Analysis of Gansu ProvinceCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNorthwest Normal University Lanzhou 730070 China
| | - Jing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry and Environmental Analysis of Gansu ProvinceCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNorthwest Normal University Lanzhou 730070 China
| | - Shuhui Huo
- Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry and Environmental Analysis of Gansu ProvinceCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNorthwest Normal University Lanzhou 730070 China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic ScienceDepartment of ChemistryTianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
| | - Peiyao Du
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic ScienceDepartment of ChemistryTianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
| | - Xiaoquan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry and Environmental Analysis of Gansu ProvinceCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNorthwest Normal University Lanzhou 730070 China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic ScienceDepartment of ChemistryTianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
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12
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Matsiko J, Li H, Wang P, Sun H, Zheng S, Wang D, Zhang W, Hao Y, Zuo P, Li Y, Zhang Q, Zhang J, Jiang G. Multivariate Optimization of Tenax TA-Thermal Extraction for Determining Gaseous Phase Organophosphate Esters in Air Samples. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3330. [PMID: 30833617 PMCID: PMC6399288 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40119-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Suitable conditions for thermal extraction of semi-volatile organic compounds have largely been arrived at by univariate optimization or based on the recommendations provided by the manufacturers of the extraction equipment. Herein, we demonstrated the multivariate optimization of Tenax TA–thermal extraction for determining organophosphate esters in the gas phase fraction of air samples. Screening and refining experiments were performed using the eighth fraction factorial and Box-Behnken designs, respectively, and satisfactory models were obtained. Subsequently, the process was optimized by Derringer’s desirability function and the global desirability was 0.7299. Following optimization, the analytes were desorbed at 290 °C for 10 minutes at a helium flow of 95 mL min−1, with the transfer line set at 290 °C. The analytes were then cryofocused at 20 °C and then cryodesorbed into the chromatographic column at 295 °C for 6 minutes. Method validation exhibited high linearity coefficients (>0.99), good precision (CV < 14%) and low detection limits (0.1–0.5 ng m−3). The method was tested by pumping 0.024 m3 of real indoor environment air through Tenax TA sorbent tubes. Furthermore, with multivariate optimization, analysis time and other resources were significantly reduced, and information about experimental factor interaction effects was investigated, as compared to the univariate optimization and other traditional methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julius Matsiko
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Honghua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Pu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Huizhong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shucheng Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Dou Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yanfen Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Peijie Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yingming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China. .,Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China.
| | - Jianqing Zhang
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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13
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Singh G, Gollapalli R, Blinder A, Gallo F, Patel M. A case study demonstrating the migration of diethyl phthalate from an ancillary component to the drug product. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 164:574-580. [PMID: 30466025 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Phthalates are chemical compounds employed as plasticizers in the plastic industry and have been reported to migrate into drug products. The extent of their migration into the drug product depends upon various factors including the chemical nature of the migrant and the permeability of its packaging container. Migration of semi-volatile phthalates such as Diethyl phthalate (DEP) into drug products is often related to the primary and secondary packaging but due to its chemical nature, it could also migrate from an ancillary component. Therefore, it is not only important to screen the primary and secondary components, but also the ancillary materials that are used during the handling of drug products. In our study, we discovered an ancillary material (scotch tape) to be the source of DEP found in an ophthalmic drug product using orthogonal mass spectroscopy techniques (GC-MS and LC-MS). It is evident from our data that DEP migrated from the scotch tape into the drug product crossing the physical barriers provided by the primary (LDPE container closure system) and secondary packaging (carton and label). The tape was used as an ancillary material to wrap the packaged drug product units together for storage in the stability chamber. The primary and the secondary packaging of the drug product did not exhibit any traces of DEP. The aim of this report is to demonstrate how a chemical compound can migrate into the drug product from an ancillary source (which is not a part of its packaging) and adulterate a drug product. The impact of ancillary materials on drug products should be evaluated appropriately prior to their implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gagandeep Singh
- Research and Development, Akorn Pharmaceuticals, 50 Lakeview Parkway, Suite 112, Vernon Hills, IL, 60061, USA.
| | - Ramarao Gollapalli
- Research and Development, Akorn Pharmaceuticals, 50 Lakeview Parkway, Suite 112, Vernon Hills, IL, 60061, USA
| | - Alejandro Blinder
- Research and Development, Akorn Pharmaceuticals, 50 Lakeview Parkway, Suite 112, Vernon Hills, IL, 60061, USA
| | - Felix Gallo
- Research and Development, Akorn Pharmaceuticals, 50 Lakeview Parkway, Suite 112, Vernon Hills, IL, 60061, USA
| | - Milan Patel
- Research and Development, Akorn Pharmaceuticals, 50 Lakeview Parkway, Suite 112, Vernon Hills, IL, 60061, USA
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14
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Ueta I, Takenaka R, Fujimura K, Yoshimura T, Narukami S, Mochizuki S, Sasaki T, Maeda T. Quantitative Determination of Phthalate Esters from Air Samples Using a Solid-Phase Extraction-type Collection Device. ANAL SCI 2018; 34:1149-1153. [PMID: 29887545 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.18p175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a solid-phase extraction-type collection device, with styrene-divinylbenzene polymer particles (Sunpak-H) as the adsorbent, was used for the quantitative determination of phthalate esters in air samples. The collection and elution recoveries of eight volatile phthalate esters, i.e., dimethyl phthalate, diethyl phthalate, dipropyl phthalate, diisobutyl phthalate, dibutyl phthalate, butyl-benzyl phthalate, di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, and dioctyl phthalate, were quantitatively evaluated. All analytes were collected using the device up to a sampling volume of 10000 L at a sampling temperature of 35°C without breakthrough. During air collection, moisture was not trapped on the adsorbent. The collected analytes were completely eluted from the device by passing 3 mL of acetone. The eluted solvent was injected into a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry system after the eluted solvent was concentrated, if necessary. After washing the adsorbent using acetone, the device could be reused more than 50 times. The limit of quantification for the analytes was less than 1 ng L-1 in air at a sampling volume of 600 L with solvent concentration. This device was successfully applied for the quantitative determination of phthalate esters in real air samples, including indoor and in-car air.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikuo Ueta
- Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Yamanashi
| | - Risa Takenaka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Yamanashi
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Tsuneaki Maeda
- Professionals' Network in Advanced Instrumentation Society (PAI-NET)
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15
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Zhang ZM, Zhang HH, Zhang J, Wang QW, Yang GP. Occurrence, distribution, and ecological risks of phthalate esters in the seawater and sediment of Changjiang River Estuary and its adjacent area. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 619-620:93-102. [PMID: 29145058 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.11.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A total of 133 seawater samples and 17 sediment samples were collected from 81 sampling sites in the Changjiang River Estuary and its adjacent area and were analyzed for 16 phthalate esters (PAEs). The Σ16 PAE concentrations in the seawater and sediment samples ranged from 180.3ng·L-1 to 3421ng·L-1 and from 0.48μg·g-1 to 29.94μg·g-1dry weight (dw), respectively, with mean values of 943.6ng·L-1 and 12.88μg·g-1. The distribution of ∑16PAE concentrations in the water column showed that PAE concentrations in the bottom samples were higher than those in the surface samples (except the transect C located inside the Changjiang River Estuary), with the maxima appearing in the bottom layer at the offshore stations. Among the 16 PAEs, di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), diisobutyl phthalate (DiBP), and dibutyl phthalate (DnBP) dominated the PAEs, with 25.1%, 21.1%, and 18.9% of the Σ16PAEs in seawater, respectively. The comparison of ∑16PAEs and salinities in transects C and A6 suggested that the Changjiang River runoff was an important driving factor influencing the distribution of PAEs. DEHP concentrations in water samples and DEHP and DnBP concentrations in sediment samples exceeded the environmental risk levels (ERL), indicating their potential hazard to the ocean environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Ming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, Qingdao/Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Hong-Hai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, Qingdao/Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266100, China; Institute of Marine Chemistry, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, Qingdao/Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266100, China; Institute of Marine Chemistry, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Qian-Wen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, Qingdao/Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Gui-Peng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, Qingdao/Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266100, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266100, China; Institute of Marine Chemistry, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China.
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16
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Moldoveanu SC, Yerabolu R. Critical evaluation of several techniques for the analysis of phthalates and terephthalates: Application to liquids used in electronic cigarettes. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1540:77-86. [PMID: 29429742 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study describes several original methods that were developed with the goal of measuring phthalates and terephthalates. These methods include gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), GC/MS/MS, liquid chromatography with UV detection (LC/UV), LC/MS, and LC/MS/MS. The study compares the advantages and disadvantages of these methods and their applicability to measuring phthalates and terephthalates in the liquids used in electronic cigarettes (e-liquids). The analytes evaluated include eight phthalates and two terephthalates. The phthalates were diethyl, dibutyl, benzyl butyl, diphenyl, bis(2-ethylhexyl), di-n-octyl, diisononyl and diisodecyl. The terephthalates were dimethyl and bis(2-ethylhexyl). Intentionally, no cleanup or concentration step were used in the methods. The methods used two chromatographic standards, dimethyl phthalate-3,4,5,6-d4, and di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate-3,4,5,6-d4. All techniques were validated for selectivity/specificity, precision, sensitivity (evaluation of LOD and LOQ), as well as for repeatability and matrix interference. The GC methods were not adequate for the analysis of diphenyl, diisononyl, and diisodecyl phthalates which were not volatile enough to be seen in the conditions used for the GC separation. Also, alcohols should not be used as solvents for the injection of the sample in the GC system to avoid transesterification in the hot injection port. The single quadrupole MS detection in GC offers sensitivities around 1 μg/mL in the e-liquid and was not sensitive enough for the analysis of trace phthalates and terephthalates. Compared to all evaluated methods, the MS/MS detection in GC offered the best sensitivity (below 10 ng/mL in the e-liquid). The LC is adequate for the separation of all the evaluated analytes. However, the UV detection in LC does not offer good sensitivity compared to all the other techniques. The MS detection in LC provides poor sensitivity for terephthalates, but better than the UV for the rest of the analytes. The MS/MS detection for LC offers slightly better sensitivity than the MS detection, but both LC/MS and LC/MS/MS were only able to measure levels above about 100 ng/mL of analytes in the e-liquid. A group of 39 e-liquids were analyzed by three of the evaluated procedures. Benzyl butyl phthalate, bis(2-ethylhexyl) terephthalate, and di-n-octyl phthalate were not detected in the e-liquids. Some of the other evaluated phthalates were present at trace levels in certain e-liquids while most e-liquids did not contain phthalates at detectable levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serban C Moldoveanu
- R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Co., 950 Reynolds Blvd., Winston-Salem, NC, 27105, United States.
| | - Ravikiran Yerabolu
- R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Co., 950 Reynolds Blvd., Winston-Salem, NC, 27105, United States
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