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Dai Y, Zhang H, Wang X, Chen Y, Fu Q, Jin Y, Liang X. Efficient strategies for preparative separation of iridoid glycosides and flavonoid glycosides from Hedyotis diffusa. J Sep Sci 2023; 46:e2300029. [PMID: 36880199 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202300029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Efficient strategies for the preparative separation of iridoid glycosides and flavonoid glycosides from Hedyotis diffusa using preparative high-performance liquid chromatography combined with appropriate pretreatment technologies were developed. Four fractions (Fr.1-1, Fr.1-2, Fr.1-3, and Fr.2-1) were firstly isolated from the crude extract of Hedyotis diffusa by column chromatography with C18, resin, and silica gel materials, respectively. Then, corresponding separation strategies were developed according to the polarity and chemical constituents. High-polar compounds of Fr.1-1 were purified by hydrophilic reversed-phase liquid chromatography and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography mode. The combination of C18 and phenyl columns realized the complementary separation of iridoid glycosides in Fr.1-2. Meanwhile, the improved selectivity caused by the change of organic solvent in the mobile phase was utilized to realize the purification of flavonoid glycosides in Fr.1-3 and Fr. 2-1. Finally, 27 compounds (purity > 95%) mainly involving nine iridoid glycosides and five flavonoid glycosides were obtained. A complete strategy was established for the separation of a complex sample with a wide polarity range, to jointly solve the problems of enrichment of target components and separation of structural analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingping Dai
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Hongzhi Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Xinhe Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yanchun Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Qing Fu
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yu Jin
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Xinmiao Liang
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, P. R. China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Dalian, P. R. China
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Zwerger M, Zelger J, Ganzera M. Separation of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in different Senecio species using ultra-high performance supercritical fluid chromatography. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 228:115310. [PMID: 36863105 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
Different Senecio species, especially S. inaequidens - a neophyte native to South Africa - have widely spread across Europe and now are found worldwide. The entire genus is known to contain toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs), which renders them a possible health hazard to humans and livestock. As they can enter the food chain or occur as contaminants in herbal crops and phytopharmaceutical formulations (e.g. teas), efficient and straightforward assays for their qualitative and quantitative analysis are in high demand. Different techniques have been used for this purpose, most commonly HPLC or GC. As the analysis of PAs is a challenging task, alternative methodologies like ultra-high performance SFC (UHPSFC) may offer an additional benefit in terms of their separation efficiency and orthogonal selectivity. In this study an UHPSFC approach for the simultaneous determination of six PAs (free bases as well as N-oxides) is presented, which achieved the baseline separation of all standard compounds in seven min. Optimal separation was carried out in gradient mode on a Torus™ DEA column with 0.05% ammonia in methanol as modifier. The column temperature was 25 °C, ABPR 1900 psi and flow rate 1.1 mL/min, with a detection wavelength of 215 nm. The assay was validated and fulfilled all ICH criteria exhibiting good linearity (R2 ≥ 0.9994), precision (inter-day variance ≤ 3.67%, intra-day variance ≤ 3.92%) and recovery rates (96.3-104.1%), with detection limits typical for SFC-PDA (≤ 4.24 µg/mL). Furthermore, it could conveniently be coupled to MS-detection, which increased the sensitivity significantly. To confirm practical suitability of the method, different Senecio samples were analyzed, indicating a high qualitative as well as quantitative difference in their PA profile (e.g. total amounts of PA between 0.09 and 4.63 mg/g).
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Zwerger
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmacognosy, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Judith Zelger
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmacognosy, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Markus Ganzera
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmacognosy, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
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Xiang H, Xu P, Qiu H, Wen W, Zhang A, Tong S. Two-dimensional chromatography in screening of bioactive components from natural products. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2022; 33:1161-1176. [PMID: 35934878 DOI: 10.1002/pca.3168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Screening and analysis of bioactive components from natural products is a fundamental part of new drug development and innovation. Two-dimensional (2D) chromatography has been demonstrated to be an effective method for screening and preparation of specific bioactive components from complex natural products. OBJECTIVE To collect details of application of 2D chromatography in screening of natural product bioactive components and to outline the research progress of different separation mechanisms and strategies. METHODOLOGY Three screening strategies based on 2D chromatography are reviewed, including traditional separation-based screening, bioactivity-guided screening and affinity chromatography-based screening. Meanwhile, in order to cover these aspects, selections of different separation mechanisms and modes are also presented. RESULTS Compared with traditional one-dimensional (1D) chromatography, 2D chromatography has unique advantages in terms of peak capacity and resolution, and it is more effective for screening and identifying bioactive components of complex natural products. CONCLUSION Screening of natural bioactive components using 2D chromatography helps separation and analysis of complex samples with greater targeting and relevance, which is very important for development of innovative drug leads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiping Xiang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Huzhou, China
| | - Ping Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Huzhou, China
| | - Huiyun Qiu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Huzhou, China
| | - Weiyi Wen
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Huzhou, China
| | - Ailian Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Protection and Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shengqiang Tong
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Huzhou, China
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Advanced Development of Supercritical Fluid Chromatography in Herbal Medicine Analysis. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27134159. [PMID: 35807405 PMCID: PMC9268462 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The greatest challenge in the analysis of herbal components lies in their variety and complexity. Therefore, efficient analytical tools for the separation and qualitative and quantitative analysis of multi-components are essential. In recent years, various emerging analytical techniques have offered significant support for complicated component analysis, with breakthroughs in selectivity, sensitivity, and rapid analysis. Among these techniques, supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) has attracted much attention because of its high column efficiency and environmental protection. SFC can be used to analyze a wide range of compounds, including non-polar and polar compounds, making it a prominent analytical platform. The applicability of SFC for the separation and determination of natural products in herbal medicines is overviewed in this article. The range of applications was expanded through the selection and optimization of stationary phases and mobile phases. We also focus on the two-dimensional SFC analysis. This paper provides new insight into SFC method development for herbal medicine analysis.
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An Z, Zhang JM, Lv MY, Li XQ, Wu L, Shang HB, Li D. Light-Driven Polarity Switching of the Chromatographic Stationary Phase with Photoreversibility. Anal Chem 2021; 93:17051-17059. [PMID: 34894658 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c03822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Regrettably, conventional chromatographic columns have immutable polarity, resulting in requirements of at least two columns with polarity difference and sophisticated mechanical switching valves, which hinders the development of "micro-smart" multidimensional tandem chromatography. In this work, light-driven polarity switching was realized in a single capillary column based on the reversible trans-cis isomerization of 4-[3-(triethoxysilyl)propoxy]azobenzene as the stationary phase under light irradiation, with the change in dipole moment. As a result, the stationary phase offers precise and dynamic control of polarity based on the cis-trans azobenzene ratio, which depends on irradiation wavelength and time. Thus, the continuous adjustment of polarity enables diversified chromatographic separation modes, for example, step-polarity gradient and polarity-conversion separation modes, taking advantage of the superior freedom of polarity switching in time and spatial dimensions. The photosensitive column also shows good reproducibility of polarity photoreversibility and high separation efficiency. The present study might offer brand new insight into developing miniaturization and intellectualization of multidimensional chromatography via designing smart responsive switching valves or stationary phases, besides mechanical means.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengjiu An
- Interdisciplinary Program of Biological Functional Molecules, College of Integration Science, Yanbian University, Park Road 977, Yanji City 133002, Jilin Province, China
| | - Jie-Min Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Program of Biological Functional Molecules, College of Integration Science, Yanbian University, Park Road 977, Yanji City 133002, Jilin Province, China
| | - Ming-Yu Lv
- Interdisciplinary Program of Biological Functional Molecules, College of Integration Science, Yanbian University, Park Road 977, Yanji City 133002, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xin-Qi Li
- Interdisciplinary Program of Biological Functional Molecules, College of Integration Science, Yanbian University, Park Road 977, Yanji City 133002, Jilin Province, China
| | - Lixin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Hai-Bo Shang
- Interdisciplinary Program of Biological Functional Molecules, College of Integration Science, Yanbian University, Park Road 977, Yanji City 133002, Jilin Province, China.,Department of Chemistry, National Demonstration Centre for Experimental Chemistry Education, Yanbian University, Park Road 977, Yanji City 133002, Jilin Province, China
| | - Donghao Li
- Interdisciplinary Program of Biological Functional Molecules, College of Integration Science, Yanbian University, Park Road 977, Yanji City 133002, Jilin Province, China.,Department of Chemistry, National Demonstration Centre for Experimental Chemistry Education, Yanbian University, Park Road 977, Yanji City 133002, Jilin Province, China
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Losacco GL, Veuthey JL, Guillarme D. Metamorphosis of supercritical fluid chromatography: A viable tool for the analysis of polar compounds? Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Li Z, Dai Z, Jiang D, Dai Y, Jin Y, Fu Q, Liang X. Bioactivity-guided separation of antifungal compounds by preparative high-performance liquid chromatography. J Sep Sci 2021; 44:2382-2390. [PMID: 33835699 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Bioactivity-guided chromatographic methods are of great significance for the isolation of the active compounds in complex samples. In this study, four anti-fungal compounds were located by activity screening and successfully isolated from a microbial fermentation sample by preparative high-performance liquid chromatography. Separation performance of columns including C18, positively charged C18, negatively charged C18 and C8 were firstly investigated. And it showed a better capacity of mixed-mode stationary phases for retention and separation. Therefore, the positively charged C18 column was used to separate the sample into several fractions, among which the active one was identified by the antifungal test. And then the active fraction was enriched and separated again by successively using the negatively charged C18 and C8 columns to obtain four compounds, which were identified as polyoxins A, K, F and H. With activity verification, four polyoxins were found to have good inhibitory effects against the three fungal plant diseases including rice sheath blight, tomato grey mould disease, and apple spot leaf disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhidong Li
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Zhuoshun Dai
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Dasen Jiang
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yingping Dai
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yu Jin
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Qing Fu
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Xinmiao Liang
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, P. R. China.,Key Lab of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, P. R. China
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Wang Y, Sun Y, Bian H, Zhu L, Xia D, Wang H. Cyclodextrin Porous Liquid Materials for Efficient Chiral Recognition and Separation of Nucleosides. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:45916-45928. [PMID: 33021090 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c15836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Porous liquids are porous materials that have exhibited unique properties in various fields. Herein, we developed a method to synthesize the type I porous liquids via liquefaction of cyclodextrins by chemical modification. The cyclodextrin porous liquids were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, NMR, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), circular dichroism (CD), and UV-vis spectroscopy. The measured ionic conductivity of the γ-cyclodextrin porous liquid was 500 times as great as that of its reactants, which was found to be the first instance with such great conductivity for a type I porous liquid. What is more, the γ-cyclodextrin porous liquid had been demonstrated experimentally to have outstanding chiral recognition ability toward pyrimidine nucleosides in water, which was further confirmed by computational simulations. Additionally, enantiomeric excess of the extracted nucleoside was achieved up to 84.81% by convenient extraction from the mixture of racemic nucleosides and γ-cyclodextrin porous liquid. The great features of the novel cyclodextrin porous liquids could bring opportunities in many fields, including the preparation of chiral separation materials, development of new drug screening mechanisms, and construction of chiral response materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing,, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Yawei Sun
- College of Chemical Engineering, Centre of Bioengineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - He Bian
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing,, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Lijun Zhu
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing,, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Daohong Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Hongzhong Wang
- School of Life Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 10084, China
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