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Casto-Boggess LD, Holland LA. Fluorescent parallel electrophoresis assay of enzyme inhibition. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1296:342268. [PMID: 38401944 PMCID: PMC10911858 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.342268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enzyme inhibitors comprise the largest class of pharmaceutical compounds. The discovery and development of new enzyme inhibitor drug candidates depends on sensitive tools to quantify inhibition constants, Ki, for the most promising candidates. A high throughput, automated, and miniaturized approach to measure inhibition is reported. In this technique enzyme inhibition occurs within a 16 nL nanogel reaction zone that is integrated into a capillary. The reaction and electrophoresis separation are completed in under 10 min. The nanoliter enzyme reaction zones are easily positioned inside a standard separation capillary by pseudo-immobilizing enzymes within a thermally reversible nanogel. RESULTS This report optimizes and validates a capillary nanogel electrophoresis reaction and separation with a multi-capillary array instrument. Inhibitor constants are determined for the neuraminidase enzyme to quantify the effect of the transition state analog, 2,3-dehydro-2-deoxy-N-acetylneuraminic acid (DANA), as well as the inhibitor Siastatin B. With the multi-capillary array assay replicate Ki values are determined to be 5.7 ± 0.1 μM (n = 3) and 9.2 ± 0.2 μM (n = 3) for DANA and Siastatin B, respectively. The enzyme reaction in each separation capillary converts the substrate to a product in real time. The nanogel is used under suppressed electroosmotic flow, sustains enzyme function, and is easily filled and replaced by changing the capillary temperature. Using laser-induced fluorescence allows the determination to be achieved with substrate concentrations well below the Michaelis-Menten constant, making the method independent of the substrate concentration and therefore a more easily implemented assay. SIGNIFICANCE A lower measurement cost is realized when the reaction volume is miniaturized because the amounts of enzyme, substrate and inhibitor are reduced. Fast enzyme reactions are possible because of the small reaction volume. With a multi-capillary array, the inhibition assay is achieved in a fraction of the time required for traditional methods. The separation-based assay can even be applied to labeled substrates not cleaned up following the labeling reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura D Casto-Boggess
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Lisa A Holland
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA.
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2
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Brocklehurst CE, Altmann E, Bon C, Davis H, Dunstan D, Ertl P, Ginsburg-Moraff C, Grob J, Gosling DJ, Lapointe G, Marziale AN, Mues H, Palmieri M, Racine S, Robinson RI, Springer C, Tan K, Ulmer W, Wyler R. MicroCycle: An Integrated and Automated Platform to Accelerate Drug Discovery. J Med Chem 2024; 67:2118-2128. [PMID: 38270627 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c02029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
We herein describe the development and application of a modular technology platform which incorporates recent advances in plate-based microscale chemistry, automated purification, in situ quantification, and robotic liquid handling to enable rapid access to high-quality chemical matter already formatted for assays. In using microscale chemistry and thus consuming minimal chemical matter, the platform is not only efficient but also follows green chemistry principles. By reorienting existing high-throughput assay technology, the platform can generate a full package of relevant data on each set of compounds in every learning cycle. The multiparameter exploration of chemical and property space is hereby driven by active learning models. The enhanced compound optimization process is generating knowledge for drug discovery projects in a time frame never before possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara E Brocklehurst
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel 4033, Switzerland
| | - Eva Altmann
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel 4033, Switzerland
| | - Corentin Bon
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel 4033, Switzerland
| | - Holly Davis
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel 4033, Switzerland
| | - David Dunstan
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Peter Ertl
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel 4033, Switzerland
| | - Carol Ginsburg-Moraff
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jonathan Grob
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Daniel J Gosling
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel 4033, Switzerland
| | - Guillaume Lapointe
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel 4033, Switzerland
| | - Alexander N Marziale
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel 4033, Switzerland
| | - Heinrich Mues
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel 4033, Switzerland
| | - Marco Palmieri
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel 4033, Switzerland
| | - Sophie Racine
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel 4033, Switzerland
| | - Richard I Robinson
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Clayton Springer
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Kian Tan
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - William Ulmer
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - René Wyler
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel 4033, Switzerland
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3
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Koplányi G, Bell E, Molnár Z, Katona G, Lajos Neumann P, Ender F, Balogh GT, Žnidaršič-Plazl P, Poppe L, Balogh-Weiser D. Novel Approach for the Isolation and Immobilization of a Recombinant Transaminase: Applying an Advanced Nanocomposite System. Chembiochem 2023; 24:e202200713. [PMID: 36653306 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202200713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The increasing application of recombinant enzymes demands not only effective and sustainable fermentation, but also highly efficient downstream processing and further stabilization of the enzymes by immobilization. In this study, a novel approach for the isolation and immobilization of His-tagged transaminase from Chromobacterium violaceum (CvTA) has been developed. A recombinant of CvTA was simultaneously isolated and immobilized by binding on silica nanoparticles (SNPs) with metal affinity linkers and additionally within poly(lactic acid) (PLA) nanofibers. The linker length and the nature of the metal ion significantly affected the enzyme binding efficiency and biocatalytic activity of CvTA-SNPs. The formation of PLA nanofibers by electrospinning enabled rapid embedding of CvTA-SNPs biocatalysts and ensured enhanced stability and activity. The developed advanced immobilization method reduces the time required for enzyme isolation, purification and immobilization by more than fourfold compared to a classical stepwise technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Koplányi
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 1111, Műegyetem rkp. 3., Budapest, Hungary
| | - Evelin Bell
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 1111, Műegyetem rkp. 3., Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsófia Molnár
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 1111, Műegyetem rkp. 3., Budapest, Hungary.,Institute of Enzymology, ELKH Research Center of Natural Sciences, 1117, Magyar tudosók krt. 2. Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Katona
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, 6720, Eötvös u. 6., Szeged, Hungary
| | - Péter Lajos Neumann
- Department of Electron Devices, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 1111, Műegyetem rkp. 3., Budapest, Hungary.,Centre for Energy Research, Institute for Technical Physics and Materials Science, 1121, Konkoly-Thege M. út 29-33., Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Ender
- Department of Electron Devices, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 1111, Műegyetem rkp. 3., Budapest, Hungary.,SpinSplit Llc., 1025, Vend u. 17., Budapest, Hungary
| | - György T Balogh
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Process Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 1111, Műegyetem rkp. 3., Budapest, Hungary.,Institute of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, University of Szeged, 6720, Eötvös u. 6., Szeged, Hungary
| | - Polona Žnidaršič-Plazl
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana Večna pot 113., 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - László Poppe
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 1111, Műegyetem rkp. 3., Budapest, Hungary.,Biocatalysis and Biotransformation Research Center Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babeş-Bolyai University of Cluj-Napoca, 400028, Arany János Str. 11, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Diána Balogh-Weiser
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 1111, Műegyetem rkp. 3., Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 1111, Műegyetem rkp. 3., Budapest, Hungary
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4
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Screening assays for tyrosine kinase inhibitors:A review. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 223:115166. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.115166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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5
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Zhou F, Pan W, Chang Y, Su X, Duan X, Xue Q. A Supported Lipid Bilayer-Based Lab-on-a-Chip Biosensor for the Rapid Electrical Screening of Coronavirus Drugs. ACS Sens 2022; 7:2084-2092. [PMID: 35735978 PMCID: PMC9236208 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c00970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
With the rapid spread and multigeneration variation of coronavirus, rapid drug development has become imperative. A major obstacle to addressing this issue is adequately constructing the cell membrane at the molecular level, which enables in vitro observation of the cell response to virus and drug molecules quantitatively, shortening the drug experiment cycle. Herein, we propose a rapid and label-free supported lipid bilayer-based lab-on-a-chip biosensor for the screening of effective inhibition drugs. An extended gate electrode was prepared and functionalized by an angiotensin-converting enzyme II (ACE2) receptor-incorporated supported lipid bilayer (SLB). Such an integrated system can convert the interactions of targets and membrane receptors into real-time charge signals. The platform can simulate the cell membrane microenvironment in vitro and accurately capture the interaction signal between the target and the cell membrane with minimized interference, thus observing the drug action pathway quantitatively and realizing drug screening effectively. Due to these label-free, low-cost, convenient, and integrated advantages, it is a suitable candidate method for the rapid drug screening for the early treatment and prevention of worldwide spread of coronavirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments,
School of Precision Instruments and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin
University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Wenwei Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments,
School of Precision Instruments and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin
University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Ye Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments,
School of Precision Instruments and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin
University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xueyou Su
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments,
School of Precision Instruments and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin
University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xuexin Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments,
School of Precision Instruments and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin
University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Qiannan Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments,
School of Precision Instruments and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin
University, Tianjin 300072, China
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6
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Bobers J, Hahn LK, Averbeck T, Brunschweiger A, Kockmann N. Reaction Optimization of a Suzuki‐Miyaura Cross‐Coupling using Design of Experiments. CHEM-ING-TECH 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.202100194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jens Bobers
- TU Dortmund University Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering Emil-Figge-Straße 68 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Lisa Katharina Hahn
- TU Dortmund University Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering Emil-Figge-Straße 68 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Tobias Averbeck
- TU Dortmund University Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering Emil-Figge-Straße 68 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Andreas Brunschweiger
- TU Dortmund University Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Otto-Hahn-Straße 6 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Norbert Kockmann
- TU Dortmund University Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering Emil-Figge-Straße 68 44227 Dortmund Germany
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7
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Vermes T, Kielpinski M, Henkel T, Pericàs MA, Alza E, Corcuera A, Buschmann H, Goldner T, Urban A. An automated microfluidic platform for the screening and characterization of novel hepatitis B virus capsid assembly modulators. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2022; 14:135-146. [PMID: 34918017 DOI: 10.1039/d1ay01227d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
To date, hepatitis B virus (HBV) capsid assembly modulators (CAMs), which target the viral core protein and induce the formation of non-functional viral capsids, have been identified and characterized in microtiter plate-based biochemical or cell-based in vitro assays. In this work, we developed an automated microfluidic screening assay, which uses convection-dominated Taylor-Aris dispersion to generate high-resolution dose-response curves, enabling the measurements of compound EC50 values at very short incubation times. The measurement of early kinetics down to 7.7 seconds in the microfluidic format was utilized to discriminate between the two different classes of CAMs known so far. The CAM (-N), leading to the formation of morphologically normal capsids and the CAM (-A), leading to aberrant HBV capsid structures. CAM-A compounds like BAY 41-4109 and GLS4 showed rapid kinetics, with assembly rates above 80% of the core protein after only a 7 second exposure to the compound, whereas CAM-N compounds like ABI-H0731 and JNJ-56136379 showed significantly slower kinetics. Using our microfluidic system, we characterized two of our in-house screening compounds. Interestingly, one compound showed a CAM-N/A intermediate behavior, which was verified with two standard methods for CAM classification, size exclusion chromatography, and anti-HBc immunofluorescence microscopy. With this proof-of-concept study, we believe that this microfluidic system is a robust primary screening tool for HBV CAM drug discovery, especially for the hit finding and hit-to-lead optimization phases. In addition to EC50 values, this system gives valuable first information about the mode of action of novel CAM screening compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamás Vermes
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
- AiCuris Anti-infective Cures AG, Friedrich-Ebert-Str. 475, 42117, Wuppertal, Germany.
| | - Mark Kielpinski
- Leibniz-Institut für Photonische Technologien e.V. Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Thomas Henkel
- Leibniz-Institut für Photonische Technologien e.V. Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Miquel A Pericàs
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Esther Alza
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Angelica Corcuera
- AiCuris Anti-infective Cures AG, Friedrich-Ebert-Str. 475, 42117, Wuppertal, Germany.
| | - Helmut Buschmann
- AiCuris Anti-infective Cures AG, Friedrich-Ebert-Str. 475, 42117, Wuppertal, Germany.
| | - Thomas Goldner
- AiCuris Anti-infective Cures AG, Friedrich-Ebert-Str. 475, 42117, Wuppertal, Germany.
| | - Andreas Urban
- AiCuris Anti-infective Cures AG, Friedrich-Ebert-Str. 475, 42117, Wuppertal, Germany.
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8
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Chen Y. Recent progress in natural product-based inhibitor screening with enzymatic fluorescent probes. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2021; 13:1778-1787. [PMID: 33885636 DOI: 10.1039/d1ay00245g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Drug discovery is a complex process in which many challenges need to be overcome, from the discovery of a drug candidate to ensuring the efficacy and safety of the candidate in humans. Modern analytical methods allow tens of thousands of drug candidates to be screened for their inhibition of specific enzymes or receptors. In recent years, fluorescent probes have been used for the detection and diagnosis of human pathogens as well as high-throughput screening. This review focuses on recent progress in organic small-molecule based enzyme-activated fluorescent probes for screening of inhibitors from natural products. The contents include the construction of fluorescent probes, working mechanism and the process of inhibitor screening. The progress suggests that fluorescent probes are a vital and rapidly growing technology for inhibitor screening of enzymes, in particular, inhibitor screening in situ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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9
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Zhang Q, Guo Z, Luo F, Xiao H, Liu W, Fan L, Cao C. Model, Simulation, and Experiments on Moving Exchange Boundary via Ligand and Quantum Dots in Chip Electrophoresis. Anal Chem 2021; 93:5360-5364. [PMID: 33754711 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c00242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Herein, the quench model of the moving exchange boundary (MEB) was first created via a ligand of 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitro-benzoic acid) (DTNB) and group of 3-mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) capped on QDs, and then the recovery model was formed via MPA and 2-nitro-5-thiobenzoic acid (TNB) capped on QDs. The theory on MEB dynamics and width was developed based on the two reversible models, the simulation was conducted for the illumination of MEB, and the protocol was described for the MEB runs. The experiments revealed that (i) the quench model could be created via DTNB and MPA capped on QDs and the recovery one could be in situ formed via MPA and TNB capped on QDs, showing the feasibility of MEB models; (ii) the simulations on MEB dynamics and width were in coincidence with the theoretic predictions, showing the validity of two models; and (iii) the experiments demonstrated the validity of models, predictions, and simulations. The models and theory have potential for development of a biosensor, nanoparticle characterization, separation science, and an affinity assay of ligand-QDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhang
- Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information & Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zehua Guo
- Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information & Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Fang Luo
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Hua Xiao
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Weiwen Liu
- Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information & Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Liuyin Fan
- Student Innovation Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Chengxi Cao
- Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information & Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.,School of Life Science and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.,Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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10
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Leal M, Zampini IC, Mercado MI, Moreno MA, Simirgiotis MJ, Bórquez J, Ponessa G, Isla MI. Flourensia fiebrigii S.F. blake: A medicinal plant from the Argentinean highlands with potential use as anti-rheumatic and anti-inflammatory. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 264:113296. [PMID: 32841690 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Flourensia fiebrigii is a plant used in traditional medicine in the Argentine Calchaquí Valley as purgative, expectorant, anti-rheumatic and anti-inflammatory. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this study was to analyze the macroscopic and microscopic characteristics of F. fiebrigii leaf and stem, the phytochemical composition of leaves ethanolic extracts and to validate its traditional use as anti-rheumatic and anti-inflammatory. MATERIALS AND METHODS The macroscopic and microscopic description of F. fiebrigii leaf and stem was carried out. Two extracts (immersions and tinctures) from leaves were obtained. The phytochemical analysis and UHPLC-OT-MS metabolome fingerprinting of both extracts were performed. The anti-rheumatic and anti-inflammatory activities of both extracts were determined using enzymatic inhibition assays of xanthine-oxidase (XOD), secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) and lipoxygenase (LOX). RESULTS The macroscopic and micrographic characters of F. fiebrigii were described to allow the botanical characterization of the plant species. The leaves extracts showed a high level of phenolic compounds with similar chromatographic patterns. Forty-five compounds were identified based on UHPLC-OT-MS including several sesquiterpenes, chalcones, flavonoids, isoflavonoids, a lignan and phenylpropanoids phenolic acids that have been identified for the first time in this plant species. F. fiebrigii extracts were able to inhibit the XOD activity and, consequently, the formation of uric acid and reactive oxygen species, primary cause of diseases, such as gouty arthritis (IC50 values of 1.10-2.12 μg/mL). Pro-inflammatory enzymes like sPLA2 and LOX were also inhibited by F. fiebrigii extracts (IC50 values of 22.00-2.20 μg/mL) decreasing the production of inflammation mediators. CONCLUSIONS The present work validates the traditional medicinal use of F. fiebrigii as anti-rheumatic and anti-inflammatory through the use of enzymatic assays. The presence of several chemical compounds with demonstrated anti-rheumatic and anti-inflammatory properties also supports the bioactivity of the F. fiebrigii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Leal
- Laboratorio de Investigación de Productos Naturales (LIPRON), Instituto de Bioprospección y Fisiología Vegetal (INBIOFIV-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e IML, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, San Lorenzo 1469, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Iris Catiana Zampini
- Laboratorio de Investigación de Productos Naturales (LIPRON), Instituto de Bioprospección y Fisiología Vegetal (INBIOFIV-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e IML, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, San Lorenzo 1469, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina; Instituto de Morfología Vegetal. Área Botánica. Fundación Miguel Lillo, Miguel Lillo 251, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - María Inés Mercado
- Instituto de Morfología Vegetal. Área Botánica. Fundación Miguel Lillo, Miguel Lillo 251, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - María Alejandra Moreno
- Laboratorio de Investigación de Productos Naturales (LIPRON), Instituto de Bioprospección y Fisiología Vegetal (INBIOFIV-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e IML, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, San Lorenzo 1469, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Mario Juan Simirgiotis
- Instituto de Farmacia, Universidad Austral de Chile, Campus Isla Teja, Valdivia, 5090000, Chile
| | - Jorge Bórquez
- Laboratorio de Productos Naturales, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad de Antofagasta, Casilla 170, Antofagasta, 1240000, Chile
| | - Graciela Ponessa
- Instituto de Morfología Vegetal. Área Botánica. Fundación Miguel Lillo, Miguel Lillo 251, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - María Inés Isla
- Laboratorio de Investigación de Productos Naturales (LIPRON), Instituto de Bioprospección y Fisiología Vegetal (INBIOFIV-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e IML, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, San Lorenzo 1469, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina; Instituto de Morfología Vegetal. Área Botánica. Fundación Miguel Lillo, Miguel Lillo 251, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina.
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11
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Shi Y, Cai Y, Cao Y, Hong Z, Chai Y. Recent advances in microfluidic technology and applications for anti-cancer drug screening. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2020.116118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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12
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13
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One Pot Use of Combilipases for Full Modification of Oils and Fats: Multifunctional and Heterogeneous Substrates. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10060605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipases are among the most utilized enzymes in biocatalysis. In many instances, the main reason for their use is their high specificity or selectivity. However, when full modification of a multifunctional and heterogeneous substrate is pursued, enzyme selectivity and specificity become a problem. This is the case of hydrolysis of oils and fats to produce free fatty acids or their alcoholysis to produce biodiesel, which can be considered cascade reactions. In these cases, to the original heterogeneity of the substrate, the presence of intermediate products, such as diglycerides or monoglycerides, can be an additional drawback. Using these heterogeneous substrates, enzyme specificity can promote that some substrates (initial substrates or intermediate products) may not be recognized as such (in the worst case scenario they may be acting as inhibitors) by the enzyme, causing yields and reaction rates to drop. To solve this situation, a mixture of lipases with different specificity, selectivity and differently affected by the reaction conditions can offer much better results than the use of a single lipase exhibiting a very high initial activity or even the best global reaction course. This mixture of lipases from different sources has been called “combilipases” and is becoming increasingly popular. They include the use of liquid lipase formulations or immobilized lipases. In some instances, the lipases have been coimmobilized. Some discussion is offered regarding the problems that this coimmobilization may give rise to, and some strategies to solve some of these problems are proposed. The use of combilipases in the future may be extended to other processes and enzymes.
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