1
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Zhang S, Gan Y, Wang H, Qi X, Su P, Song J, Yang Y. Enhancing Chymotrypsin Activity and Stability of Capillary Immobilized Enzyme Microreactors Using Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks as Encapsulation Materials. Anal Chem 2024; 96:9228-9235. [PMID: 38779801 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c01425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Open-tubular immobilized enzyme microreactors (OT-IMERs) are some of the most widely used enzyme reaction devices due to the advantages of simple preparation and fast sample processing. However, the traditional approaches for OT-IMERs preparation had some defects such as limited enzyme loading amount, susceptibility to complex sample interference, and less stability. Here, we report a strategy for the preparation of highly active and stable OT-IMERs, in which the single-stranded DNA-enzyme composites were immobilized in capillaries and then encapsulated in situ in the capillaries via zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIF-L). The phosphate groups of the DNA adjusted the surface potential of the enzyme to negative values, which could attract cations, such as Zn2+, to promote the formation of ZIF-L for enzyme encapsulation. Using chymotrypsin (ChT) as a model enzyme, the prepared ChT@ZIF-L-IMER has higher activity and better affinity than the free enzyme and ChT-IMER. Moreover, the thermal stability, pH stability, and organic solvent stability of ChT@ZIF-L-IMER were much higher than those of free enzyme and ChT-IMER. Furthermore, the activity of ChT@ZIF-L-IMER was much higher than that of ChT-IMER after ten consecutive reactions. To demonstrate the versatility of this preparation method, we replaced ChT with glucose oxidase (GOx). The stability of GOx@ZIF-L-IMER was also experimentally demonstrated to be superior to that of GOx and GOx-IMER. Finally, ChT@ZIF-L-IMER was used for proteolytic digestion analysis. The results showed that ChT@ZIF-L-IMER had a short digestion time and high digestive efficiency compared with the free enzyme. The present study broadened the synthesis method of OT-IMERs, effectively integrating the advantages of metal-organic frameworks and IMER, and the prepared OT-IMERs significantly improved enzyme stability. All of the results indicated that the IMER prepared by this method had a broad application prospect in capillary electrophoresis-based high-performance enzyme analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyi Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmentally Harmful Chemical Analysis, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Yijia Gan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmentally Harmful Chemical Analysis, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Han Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmentally Harmful Chemical Analysis, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Xingyi Qi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmentally Harmful Chemical Analysis, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Ping Su
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmentally Harmful Chemical Analysis, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Jiayi Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmentally Harmful Chemical Analysis, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Yi Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmentally Harmful Chemical Analysis, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
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Guo Z, Zhao Y, Jin Z, Chang Y, Wang X, Guo G, Zhao Y. Monolithic 3D nanoelectrospray emitters based on a continuous fluid-assisted etching strategy for glass droplet microfluidic chip-mass spectrometry. Chem Sci 2024; 15:7781-7788. [PMID: 38784731 PMCID: PMC11110156 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc01700e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Glass microfluidic chips are suitable for coupling with mass spectrometry (MS) due to their flexible design, optical transparency and resistance to organic reagents. However, due to the high hardness and brittleness of glass, there is a lack of simple and feasible technology to manufacture a monolithic nanospray ionization (nESI) emitter on a glass microchip, which hinders its coupling with mass spectrometry. Here, a continuous fluid-assisted etching strategy is proposed to fabricate monolithic three-dimensional (3D) nESI emitters integrated into glass microchips. A continuous fluid of methanol is adopted to protect the inner wall of the channels and the bonding interface of the glass microfluidic chip from being wet-etched, forming sharp 3D nESI emitters. The fabricated 3D nESI emitter can form a stable electrospray plume, resulting in consistent nESI detection of acetylcholine with an RSD of 4.5% within 10 min. The fabricated 3D emitter is integrated on a glass microfluidic chip designed with a T-junction droplet generator, which can realize efficient analysis of acetylcholine in picoliter-volume droplets by nESI-MS. Stability testing of over 20 000 droplets detected by the established system resulted in an RSD of 9.1% over approximately 180 min. The detection of ten neurochemicals in rat cerebrospinal fluid droplets is achieved. The established glass droplet microfluidic chip-MS system exhibits potential for broad applications such as in vivo neurochemical monitoring and single-cell analysis in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyang Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing University of Technology Beijing 100124 China
| | - Yingqi Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing University of Technology Beijing 100124 China
| | - Zhao Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing University of Technology Beijing 100124 China
| | - Yaran Chang
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing University of Technology Beijing 100124 China
| | - Xiayan Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing University of Technology Beijing 100124 China
| | - Guangsheng Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing University of Technology Beijing 100124 China
- Minzu University of China Beijing 100081 China
| | - Yaoyao Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing University of Technology Beijing 100124 China
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3
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Weise C, Westphal H, Warias R, Belder D. High-temperature ultrafast ChipHPLC-MS. Anal Bioanal Chem 2024; 416:1023-1031. [PMID: 38112789 PMCID: PMC10800301 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-05092-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we present a miniaturized chip-based HPLC approach coupled to electrospray ionization mass spectrometry utilizing temperature to achieve high-speed separations. The approach benefits from the low thermal mass of the microfluidic chip and can form an electrospray from the pre-heated mobile phase. With the help of this technology, isothermal and temperature-programmable operations up to 130°C were pursued to perform reversed-phase separations of pesticides in methanol and ethanol-containing eluents in less than 20 s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Weise
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, University Leipzig, Linnéstrasse 3, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hannes Westphal
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, University Leipzig, Linnéstrasse 3, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Rico Warias
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, University Leipzig, Linnéstrasse 3, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Detlev Belder
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, University Leipzig, Linnéstrasse 3, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
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4
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Medina DAV, Cardoso AT, Borsatto JVB, Lanças FM. Open tubular liquid chromatography: Recent advances and future trends. J Sep Sci 2023; 46:e2300373. [PMID: 37582640 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202300373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Nano-liquid chromatography (nanoLC) is gaining significant attention as a primary analytical technique across various scientific domains. Unlike conventional high-performance LC, nanoLC utilizes columns with inner diameters (i.ds.) usually ranging from 10 to 150 μm and operates at mobile phase flow rates between 10 and 1000 nl/min, offering improved chromatographic performance and detectability. Currently, most exploration of nanoLC has focused on particle-packed columns. Although open tubular LC (OTLC) can provide superior performance, optimized OTLC columns require very narrow i.ds. (< 10 μm) and demand challenging instrumentation. At the moment, these challenges have limited the success of OTLC. Nevertheless, remarkable progress has been made in developing and utilizing OTLC systems featuring narrow columns (< 2 μm). Additionally, significant efforts have been made to explore larger columns (10-75 μm i.d), demonstrating practical applicability in many situations. Due to their perceived advantages, interest in OTLC has resurged in the last two decades. This review provides an updated outlook on the latest developments in OTLC, focusing on instrumental challenges, achievements, and advancements in column technology. Moreover, it outlines selected applications that illustrate the potential of OTLC for performing targeted and untargeted studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deyber Arley Vargas Medina
- Departamento de Química e Física Molecular, São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Timoteo Cardoso
- Departamento de Química e Física Molecular, São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João Victor Basolli Borsatto
- Departamento de Química e Física Molecular, São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando Mauro Lanças
- Departamento de Química e Física Molecular, São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
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Dsk P, Fodor PS, Kothapalli CR. A Flexible Kenics Mixer for Applications in Liquid Chromatography. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:1373. [PMID: 37512684 PMCID: PMC10386428 DOI: 10.3390/mi14071373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Miniaturization of liquid chromatography could help enhance sensitivity, reduce solvent usage, and detect small quantities of peptides. However, it demands better sample homogenization of the mobile phase. We here developed a mixer design based on the inline Kenics geometry, consisting of a periodic arrangement of twisted blades placed inside a cylindrical capillary that repeatedly cut and stack fluid elements to achieve rapid mixing in laminar flow regimes. The mixer design was optimized with respect to the twist angle and aspect ratio of the mixing units to achieve complete mixing at minimum pressure load cost. Results suggest that for optimal designs, for a mixer volume of ~70 μL, complete mixing is achieved within a distance smaller than 4 cm for a broad set of flow rate conditions ranging from 75 μL·min-1 to 7.5 mL·min-1. A salient feature that we introduce and test for the first time is the physical flexibility of the cylindrical capillary. The performance of the design remained robust when the mixing section was not rigid and bent in different topologies, as well as when changing the chemical composition of the mobile phase used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prachet Dsk
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Petru S Fodor
- Department of Physics, Cleveland State University, 2121 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44236, USA
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6
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Advances in application and innovation of microfluidic platforms for pharmaceutical analysis. Trends Analyt Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2023.116951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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7
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Investigation of the applicability of silica-graphene hybrid materials as stationary phases for capillary liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1685:463618. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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8
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Mai Y, Debruille K, Edwards S, Cahoon S, Ghiasvand A, Murray E, Paull B. Portable and Field-Deployable Liquid Chromatography for Environmental Studies. LCGC EUROPE 2022. [DOI: 10.56530/lcgc.eu.ux5882h7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
In this extended special feature to celebrate the 35th anniversary edition of LCGC Europe, leading figures from the separation science community explore contemporary trends in separation science and identify possible future developments.
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9
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Qing LS, Wang TT, Luo HY, Du JL, Wang RY, Luo P. Microfluidic strategies for natural products in drug discovery: Current status and future perspectives. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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10
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Pillai MS, Paritala ST, Shah RP, Sharma N, Sengupta P. Cutting-edge strategies and critical advancements in characterization and quantification of metabolites concerning translational metabolomics. Drug Metab Rev 2022; 54:401-426. [PMID: 36351878 DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2022.2125987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Despite remarkable progress in drug discovery strategies, significant challenges are still remaining in translating new insights into clinical applications. Scientists are devising creative approaches to bridge the gap between scientific and translational research. Metabolomics is a unique field among other omics techniques for identifying novel metabolites and biomarkers. Fortunately, characterization and quantification of metabolites are becoming faster due to the progress in the field of orthogonal analytical techniques. This review detailed the advancement in the progress of sample preparation, and data processing techniques including data mining tools, database, and their quality control (QC). Advances in data processing tools make it easier to acquire unbiased data that includes a diverse set of metabolites. In addition, novel breakthroughs including, miniaturization as well as their integration with other devices, metabolite array technology, and crystalline sponge-based method have led to faster, more efficient, cost-effective, and holistic metabolomic analysis. The use of cutting-edge techniques to identify the human metabolite, including biomarkers has proven to be advantageous in terms of early disease identification, tracking the progression of illness, and possibility of personalized treatments. This review addressed the constraints of current metabolomics research, which are impeding the facilitation of translation of research from bench to bedside. Nevertheless, the possible way out from such constraints and future direction of translational metabolomics has been conferred.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megha Sajakumar Pillai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, India
| | - Sree Teja Paritala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, India
| | - Ravi P Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, India
| | - Nitish Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, India
| | - Pinaki Sengupta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, India
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11
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Vargas Medina DA, Pereira dos Santos NG, Maciel EVS, Lanças FM. Current prospects on nano liquid chromatography coupled to electron ionization mass spectrometry (nanoLC-EI-MS). J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2022.2110114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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12
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Nix C, Cobraiville G, Gou MJ, Fillet M. Potential of Single Pulse and Multiplexed Drift-Tube Ion Mobility Spectrometry Coupled to Micropillar Array Column for Proteomics Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147497. [PMID: 35886845 PMCID: PMC9319919 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteomics is one of the most significant methodologies to better understand the molecular pathways involved in diseases and to improve their diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. The investigation of the proteome of complex organisms is challenging from an analytical point of view, because of the large number of proteins present in a wide range of concentrations. In this study, nanofluidic chromatography, using a micropillar array column, was coupled to drift-tube ion mobility and time-of-flight mass spectrometry to identify as many proteins as possible in a protein digest standard of HeLa cells. Several chromatographic parameters were optimized. The high interest of drift-tube ion mobility to increase the number of identifications and to separate isobaric coeluting peptides was demonstrated. Multiplexed drift-tube ion mobility spectrometry was also investigated, to increase the sensitivity in proteomics studies. This innovative proteomics platform will be useful for analyzing patient samples to better understand unresolved disorders.
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Park J, Jumu F, Power J, Richard M, Elsahli Y, Jarkas MA, Ruan A, Luican-Mayer A, Ménard JM. Drone-Mountable Gas Sensing Platform Using Graphene Chemiresistors for Remote In-Field Monitoring. SENSORS 2022; 22:s22062383. [PMID: 35336554 PMCID: PMC8954879 DOI: 10.3390/s22062383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
We present the design, fabrication, and testing of a drone-mountable gas sensing platform for environmental monitoring applications. An array of graphene-based field-effect transistors in combination with commercial humidity and temperature sensors are used to relay information by wireless communication about the presence of airborne chemicals. We show that the design, based on an ESP32 microcontroller combined with a 32-bit analog-to-digital converter, can be used to achieve an electronic response similar, within a factor of two, to state-of-the-art laboratory monitoring equipment. The sensing platform is then mounted on a drone to conduct field tests, on the ground and in flight. During these tests, we demonstrate a one order of magnitude reduction in environmental noise by reducing contributions from humidity and temperature fluctuations, which are monitored in real-time with a commercial sensor integrated to the sensing platform. The sensing device is controlled by a mobile application and uses LoRaWAN, a low-power, wide-area networking protocol, for real-time data transmission to the cloud, compatible with Internet of Things (IoT) applications.
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14
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Urban J. A review on recent trends in the phosphoproteomics workflow. From sample preparation to data analysis. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1199:338857. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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15
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Leong SY, Ong HB, Tay HM, Kong F, Upadya M, Gong L, Dao M, Dalan R, Hou HW. Microfluidic Size Exclusion Chromatography (μSEC) for Extracellular Vesicles and Plasma Protein Separation. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2104470. [PMID: 34984816 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202104470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are recognized as next generation diagnostic biomarkers due to their disease-specific biomolecular cargoes and importance in cell-cell communications. A major bottleneck in EV sample preparation is the inefficient and laborious isolation of nanoscale EVs (≈50-200 nm) from endogenous proteins in biological samples. Herein, a unique microfluidic platform is reported for EV-protein fractionation based on the principle of size exclusion chromatography (SEC). Using a novel rapid (≈20 min) replica molding technique, a fritless microfluidic SEC device (μSEC) is fabricated using thiol-ene polymer (UV glue NOA81, Young's modulus ≈1 GPa) for high pressure (up to 6 bar) sample processing. Controlled on-chip nanoliter sample plug injection (600 nL) using a modified T-junction injector is first demonstrated with rapid flow switching response time (<1.5 s). Device performance is validated using fluorescent nanoparticles (50 nm), albumin, and breast cancer cells (MCF-7)-derived EVs. As a proof-of-concept for clinical applications, EVs are directly isolated from undiluted human platelet-poor plasma using μSEC and show distinct elution profiles between EVs and proteins based on nanoparticle particle analysis (NTA), Western blot and flow cytometry analysis. Overall, the optically transparent μSEC can be readily automated and integrated with EV detection assays for EVs manufacturing and clinical diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Yuan Leong
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Hong Boon Ong
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Hui Min Tay
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Fang Kong
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - Megha Upadya
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - Lingyan Gong
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Ming Dao
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Rinkoo Dalan
- Endocrine and Diabetes, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore, 308433, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 11 Mandalay Road, Clinical Sciences Building, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Han Wei Hou
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 11 Mandalay Road, Clinical Sciences Building, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
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16
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Durazzo A, Sorkin BC, Lucarini M, Gusev PA, Kuszak AJ, Crawford C, Boyd C, Deuster PA, Saldanha LG, Gurley BJ, Pehrsson PR, Harnly JM, Turrini A, Andrews KW, Lindsey AT, Heinrich M, Dwyer JT. Analytical Challenges and Metrological Approaches to Ensuring Dietary Supplement Quality: International Perspectives. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:714434. [PMID: 35087401 PMCID: PMC8787362 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.714434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The increased utilization of metrology resources and expanded application of its' approaches in the development of internationally agreed upon measurements can lay the basis for regulatory harmonization, support reproducible research, and advance scientific understanding, especially of dietary supplements and herbal medicines. Yet, metrology is often underappreciated and underutilized in dealing with the many challenges presented by these chemically complex preparations. This article discusses the utility of applying rigorous analytical techniques and adopting metrological principles more widely in studying dietary supplement products and ingredients, particularly medicinal plants and other botanicals. An assessment of current and emerging dietary supplement characterization methods is provided, including targeted and non-targeted techniques, as well as data analysis and evaluation approaches, with a focus on chemometrics, toxicity, dosage form performance, and data management. Quality assessment, statistical methods, and optimized methods for data management are also discussed. Case studies provide examples of applying metrological principles in thorough analytical characterization of supplement composition to clarify their health effects. A new frontier for metrology in dietary supplement science is described, including opportunities to improve methods for analysis and data management, development of relevant standards and good practices, and communication of these developments to researchers and analysts, as well as to regulatory and policy decision makers in the public and private sectors. The promotion of closer interactions between analytical, clinical, and pharmaceutical scientists who are involved in research and product development with metrologists who develop standards and methodological guidelines is critical to advance research on dietary supplement characterization and health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Barbara C Sorkin
- Office of Dietary Supplements, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | | | - Pavel A Gusev
- Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Adam J Kuszak
- Office of Dietary Supplements, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Cindy Crawford
- Consortium for Health and Military Performance, Department of Military & Emergency Medicine, F. Edward Hebert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Courtney Boyd
- Consortium for Health and Military Performance, Department of Military & Emergency Medicine, F. Edward Hebert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Patricia A Deuster
- Consortium for Health and Military Performance, Department of Military & Emergency Medicine, F. Edward Hebert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Leila G Saldanha
- Office of Dietary Supplements, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Bill J Gurley
- National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Pamela R Pehrsson
- Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - James M Harnly
- Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Aida Turrini
- CREA - Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Rome, Italy
| | - Karen W Andrews
- Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Andrea T Lindsey
- Consortium for Health and Military Performance, Department of Military & Emergency Medicine, F. Edward Hebert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Michael Heinrich
- UCL School of Pharmacy, Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, London, United Kingdom
| | - Johanna T Dwyer
- Office of Dietary Supplements, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, United States
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17
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Dispas A, Emonts P, Fillet M. Microchip electrophoresis: A suitable analytical technique for pharmaceuticals quality control? A critical review. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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18
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Vargas Medina DA, Pereira Dos Santos NG, da Silva Burato JS, Borsatto JVB, Lanças FM. An overview of open tubular liquid chromatography with a focus on the coupling with mass spectrometry for the analysis of small molecules. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1641:461989. [PMID: 33611115 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.461989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Open tubular liquid chromatography (OT-LC) can provide superior chromatographic performance and more favorable mass spectrometry (MS) detection conditions. These features could provide enhanced sensitivity when coupled with electrospray ionization sources (ESI-) and lead to unprecedented detection capabilities if interfaced with a highly structural informative electron ionization (EI) source. In the past, the exploitation of OT columns in liquid chromatography evolved slowly. However, the recent instrumental developments in capillary/nanoLC-MS created new opportunities in developing and applying OT-LC-MS. Currently, the analytical advantages of OT-LC-MS are mainly exploited in the fields of proteomics and biosciences analysis. Nevertheless, under the right conditions, OT-LC-MS can also offer superior chromatographic performance and enhanced sensitivity in analyzing small molecules. This review will provide an overview of the latest developments in OT-LC-MS, focusing on the wide variety of employed separation mechanisms, innovative stationary phases, emerging column fabrication technologies, and new OT formats. In the same way, the OT-LC's opportunities and shortcomings coupled to both ESI and EI will be discussed, highlighting the complementary character of those two ionization modes to expand the LC's detection boundaries in the performance of targeted and untargeted studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Fernando Mauro Lanças
- University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Institute of Chemistry of São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
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Current role of modern chromatography and mass spectrometry in the analysis of mycotoxins in food. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2020.116156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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