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Sarma H, Gogoi B, Guan CY, Yu CP. Nitro-PAHs: Occurrences, ecological consequences, and remediation strategies for environmental restoration. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 356:141795. [PMID: 38548078 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (nitro-PAHs) are persistent pollutants that have been introduced into the environment as a result of human activities. They are produced when PAHs undergo oxidation and are highly resistant to degradation, resulting in prolonged exposure and significant health risks for wildlife and humans. Nitro-PAHs' potential to induce cancer and mutations has raised concerns about their harmful effects. Furthermore, their ability to accumulate in the food chain seriously threatens the ecosystem and human health. Moreover, nitro-PAHs can disrupt the normal functioning of the endocrine system, leading to reproductive and developmental problems in humans and other organisms. Reducing nitro-PAHs in the environment through source management, physical removal, and chemical treatment is essential to mitigate the associated environmental and human health risks. Recent studies have focused on improving nitro-PAHs' phytoremediation by incorporating microorganisms and biostimulants. Microbes can break down nitro-PAHs into less harmful substances, while biostimulants can enhance plant growth and metabolic activity. By combining these elements, the effectiveness of phytoremediation for nitro-PAHs can be increased. This study aimed to investigate the impact of introducing microbial and biostimulant agents on the phytoremediation process for nitro-PAHs and identify potential solutions for addressing the environmental risks associated with these pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemen Sarma
- Bioremediation Technology Research Group, Department of Botany, Bodoland University, Rangalikhata, Deborgaon, Kokrajhar (BTR), Assam, 783370, India.
| | - Bhoirob Gogoi
- Bioremediation Technology Research Group, Department of Botany, Bodoland University, Rangalikhata, Deborgaon, Kokrajhar (BTR), Assam, 783370, India
| | - Chung-Yu Guan
- Department of Environmental Engineering, National Ilan University, Yilan, 260, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Ping Yu
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University. B.S., Civil Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taiwan
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Galmiche M, Sonnette A, Wolf M, Sutter C, Delhomme O, François YN, Millet M. Simultaneous Determination of 79 Polar and Non-Polar Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds in Airborne Particulate Matter by Gas Chromatography – Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2022.2153884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Galmiche
- Institut de Chimie et Procédés Pour L'Énergie, L'Environnement et la Santé (ICPEES) – Physico-Chimie de L’Atmosphère, Université de Strasbourg – CNRS, UMR 7515, Strasbourg, France
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse Des Interactions et Des Systèmes (LSMIS), Université de Strasbourg – CNRS, UMR 7140, Strasbourg, France
| | - Alexandre Sonnette
- Institut de Chimie et Procédés Pour L'Énergie, L'Environnement et la Santé (ICPEES) – Physico-Chimie de L’Atmosphère, Université de Strasbourg – CNRS, UMR 7515, Strasbourg, France
| | - Michel Wolf
- Institut de Chimie et Procédés Pour L'Énergie, L'Environnement et la Santé (ICPEES) – Physico-Chimie de L’Atmosphère, Université de Strasbourg – CNRS, UMR 7515, Strasbourg, France
| | - Christophe Sutter
- Institut de Chimie et Procédés Pour L'Énergie, L'Environnement et la Santé (ICPEES) – Physico-Chimie de L’Atmosphère, Université de Strasbourg – CNRS, UMR 7515, Strasbourg, France
| | - Olivier Delhomme
- Institut de Chimie et Procédés Pour L'Énergie, L'Environnement et la Santé (ICPEES) – Physico-Chimie de L’Atmosphère, Université de Strasbourg – CNRS, UMR 7515, Strasbourg, France
- UFR Sciences Fondamentales et Appliquées, Université de Lorraine, Metz, France
| | - Yannis-Nicolas François
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse Des Interactions et Des Systèmes (LSMIS), Université de Strasbourg – CNRS, UMR 7140, Strasbourg, France
| | - Maurice Millet
- Institut de Chimie et Procédés Pour L'Énergie, L'Environnement et la Santé (ICPEES) – Physico-Chimie de L’Atmosphère, Université de Strasbourg – CNRS, UMR 7515, Strasbourg, France
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Analytical Chemistry: Tasks, Resolutions and Future Standpoints of the Quantitative Analyses of Environmental Complex Sample Matrices. ANALYTICA 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/analytica3030022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, the challenges that analytical chemistry has to face are ever greater and more complex both from the point of view of the selectivity of analytical methods and their sensitivity. This is especially true in quantitative analysis, where various methods must include the development and validation of new materials, strategies, and procedures to meet the growing need for rapid, sensitive, selective, and green methods. In this context, given the International Guidelines, which over time, are updated and which set up increasingly stringent “limits”, constant innovation is required both in the pre-treatment procedures and in the instrumental configurations to obtain reliable, accurate, and reproducible information. In addition, the environmental field certainly represents the greatest challenge, as analytes are often present at trace and ultra-trace levels. These samples containing analytes at ultra-low concentration levels, therefore, require very labor-intensive sample preparation procedures and involve the high consumption of organic solvents that may not be considered “green”. In the literature, in recent years, there has been a strong development of increasingly high-performing sample preparation techniques, often “solvent-free”, as well as the development of hyphenated instrumental configurations that allow for reaching previously unimaginable levels of sensitivity. This review aims to provide an update of the most recent developments currently in use in sample pre-treatment and instrument configurations in the environmental field, also evaluating the role and future developments of analytical chemistry in light of upcoming challenges and new goals yet to be achieved.
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Galmiche M, Rodrigues A, Motsch E, Delhomme O, François YN, Millet M. The use of pseudo-MRM for a sensitive and selective detection and quantification of polycyclic aromatic compounds by tandem mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2022; 36:e9307. [PMID: 35355348 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Multiple Reaction Monitoring (MRM) is a sensitive and selective detection mode for target trace-level analysis. However, it requires the fragmentation of labile bonds which are not present in molecules such as Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their heterocyclic derivatives (PANHs, PASHs). METHODS We present the application of an alternative tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) mode called "pseudo-MRM" for the GCMS/MS analysis of Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds (PACs). This mode is based on the monitoring of transitions with no mass loss between the precursor and the product ion. Pseudo-MRM peak areas were compared with those of classic MRM on three different mass spectrometers: two triple quadrupoles and an ion trap. RESULTS For all non-polar PACs studied here (PAHs, PANHs and PASHs), the pseudo-MRM transition was always the most intense. The classic MRM transitions exhibited peak areas 2 to 5 times lower. On the contrary, for the functionalized PACs (oxygenated and nitrated PAHs), classic MRM was favored over pseudo-MRM. These observations were confirmed on two triple quadrupoles (QqQs), and the real-world applicability of pseudo-MRM on QqQs was validated by the successful analysis of Diesel PM. However, a comparison with an ion trap showed that pseudo-MRM was never favored on that instrument, which caused fragmentation of non-polar PACs in MS/MS. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study show an important gain in sensitivity when using pseudo-MRM instead of MRM for non-polar PACs on QqQ instruments. The selectivity of MRM is preserved in pseudo-MRM by applying non-zero collision energies to which only these non-polar PACs are resistant, not the isobaric interferences. No interference issue was observed when analyzing Diesel PM, a complex matrix, with our pseudo-MRM method. Therefore, we advise for a broader use of this MS/MS mode for trace-level determination of non-polar PAHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Galmiche
- Institut de Chimie et Procédés pour l'Énergie, l'Environnement et la Santé (ICPEES) - Physico-Chimie de l'Atmosphère, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse des Interactions et des Systèmes (LSMIS), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Anaïs Rodrigues
- Institut de Chimie et Procédés pour l'Énergie, l'Environnement et la Santé (ICPEES) - Physico-Chimie de l'Atmosphère, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Estelle Motsch
- Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg - Biogéochimie moléculaire, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Olivier Delhomme
- Institut de Chimie et Procédés pour l'Énergie, l'Environnement et la Santé (ICPEES) - Physico-Chimie de l'Atmosphère, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- UFR Sciences fondamentales et appliquées, Université de Lorraine, Metz, France
| | - Yannis-Nicolas François
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse des Interactions et des Systèmes (LSMIS), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Maurice Millet
- Institut de Chimie et Procédés pour l'Énergie, l'Environnement et la Santé (ICPEES) - Physico-Chimie de l'Atmosphère, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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Song N, Tian Y, Luo Z, Dai J, Liu Y, Duan Y. Advances in pretreatment and analysis methods of aromatic hydrocarbons in soil. RSC Adv 2022; 12:6099-6113. [PMID: 35424557 PMCID: PMC8981609 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra08633b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Benzene compounds that are prevalent in the soil as organic pollutants mainly include BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and three xylene isomers) and PAHs (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons). These pose a severe threat to many aspects of human health. Therefore, the accurate measurement of BTEX and PAHs concentrations in the soil is of great importance. The samples for analysis of BTEX and PAHs need to be suitable for the various detection methods after pretreatment, which include Soxhlet extraction, ultrasonic extraction, solid-phase microextraction, supercritical extraction, and needle trap. The detection techniques mainly consist of gas chromatography (GC), mass spectrometry (MS), and online sensors, and provide comprehensive information on contaminants in the soil. Their performance is evaluated in terms of sensitivity, selectivity, and recovery. Recently, there has been rapid progress in the pretreatment and analysis methods for the quantitative and qualitative analyses of BTEX and PAHs. Therefore, it is necessary to produce a timely and in-depth review of the emerging pretreatment and analysis methods, which is unfortunately absent from the recent literature. In this work, state-of-art extraction techniques and analytical methods have been summarized for the determination of BTEX and PAHs in soil, with a particular focus on the potential and limitations of the respective methods for different aromatic hydrocarbons. Accordingly, the paper will describe the basic methodological knowledge, as well as the recent advancement of pretreatment and analysis methods for samples containing BTEX and PAHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Song
- Research Center of Analytical Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University Xi'an Shaanxi 710069 P. R.China
| | - Yonghui Tian
- Research Center of Analytical Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University Xi'an Shaanxi 710069 P. R.China
| | - Zewei Luo
- Research Center of Analytical Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University Xi'an Shaanxi 710069 P. R.China
| | - Jianxiong Dai
- Research Center of Analytical Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University Xi'an Shaanxi 710069 P. R.China
| | - Yan Liu
- Research Center of Analytical Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University Xi'an Shaanxi 710069 P. R.China
| | - Yixiang Duan
- Research Center of Analytical Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University Xi'an Shaanxi 710069 P. R.China
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Vu-Duc N, Phung Thi LA, Le-Minh T, Nguyen LA, Nguyen-Thi H, Pham-Thi LH, Doan-Thi VA, Le-Quang H, Nguyen-Xuan H, Thi Nguyen T, Nguyen PT, Chu DB. Analysis of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon in Airborne Particulate Matter Samples by Gas Chromatography in Combination with Tandem Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2021; 2021:6641326. [PMID: 34136305 PMCID: PMC8175174 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6641326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), the family of organic contaminations, have been shown to have negative effects on human health. However, until now, the comprehension on occurrence, distribution, and risk assessment of human exposure to PAHs has been limited in Vietnam. In this work, a capillary gas chromatography coupled with electron impact ionization tandem mass spectrometry (GC-EI-MS/MS) has been introduced for analysis of 16 PAHs in some particulate matter samples. PAHs have been separated on the TG 5 ms capillary gas chromatographic column and detected by tandem mass spectrometry in multiple reaction monitoring mode. The PAHs in the particulate matter (PM 2.5 and PM 10) samples were extracted by ultrasonic-assisted liquid extraction and cleaned up by an acidic silica gel solid phase extraction. The linearity range of all analyzed PAHs was from 5 to 2000 ng mL-1 with R 2 ≥0.9990. Limit of detection (LOD) of PAHs in particulate matter sample was from 0.001 ng m-3 (Br-Naph) to 0.276 ng m-3 (Fln). The recovery of PAHs was investigated by international proficiency testing samples. The recoveries of PAHs in proficiency testing sample ranged from 79.3% (Chr) to 109.8% (IcdP). The in-house validated GC-EI-MS/MS method was then applied to analysis of some particulate matter samples that were collected in the Hanoi areas. The total concentrations of PAHs in several brands of samples collected from Hanoi were found in the range of 226.3 ng m-3-706.43 ng m-3. Among the studied compounds, naphthalene was found at high frequency and ranged from 106.5 ng m-3 to 631.1 ng m-3. The main distribution of the PAHs in particulate matter samples was two-ring and three-ring compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nam Vu-Duc
- Center for Research and Technology Transfer, Vietnam Academic of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Lan Anh Phung Thi
- School of Environmental Science and Technology, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, No. 1 Dai Co Viet, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Thuy Le-Minh
- Center for Research and Technology Transfer, Vietnam Academic of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Lan-Anh Nguyen
- Center for Research and Technology Transfer, Vietnam Academic of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Huong Nguyen-Thi
- Center for Research and Technology Transfer, Vietnam Academic of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Loan-Ha Pham-Thi
- Center for Research and Technology Transfer, Vietnam Academic of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Van-Anh Doan-Thi
- Center for Research and Technology Transfer, Vietnam Academic of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Huong Le-Quang
- Center for Research and Technology Transfer, Vietnam Academic of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Hung Nguyen-Xuan
- Center for Research and Technology Transfer, Vietnam Academic of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Thao Thi Nguyen
- School of Environmental Science and Technology, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, No. 1 Dai Co Viet, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Phuong Thanh Nguyen
- FPT University, Hoa Lac High Tech Park, Km 29 Thang Long Boulevard, Thach That, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Dinh Binh Chu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, No. 1 Dai Co Viet Road, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
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Galmiche M, Delhomme O, François YN, Millet M. Environmental analysis of polar and non-polar Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds in airborne particulate matter, settled dust and soot: Part I: Sampling and sample preparation. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2020.116099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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