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Mahboubifar M, Zidorn C, Farag MA, Zayed A, Jassbi AR. Chemometric-based drug discovery approaches from natural origins using hyphenated chromatographic techniques. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2024; 35:990-1016. [PMID: 38806406 DOI: 10.1002/pca.3382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Isolation and characterization of bioactive components from complex matrices of marine or terrestrial biological origins are the most challenging issues for natural product chemists. Biochemometric is a new potential scope in natural product analytical science, and it is a methodology to find the compound's correlation to their bioactivity with the help of hyphenated chromatographic techniques and chemometric tools. OBJECTIVES The present review aims to evaluate the application of chemometric tools coupled to chromatographic techniques for drug discovery from natural resources. METHODS The searching keywords "biochemometric," "chemometric," "chromatography," "natural products bioassay," and "bioassay" were selected to search the published articles between 2010-2023 using different search engines including "Pubmed", "Web of Science," "ScienceDirect," and "Google scholar." RESULTS An initial stage in natural product analysis is applying the chromatographic hyphenated techniques in conjunction with biochemometric approaches. Among the applied chromatographic techniques, liquid chromatography (LC) techniques, have taken up more than half (53%) and also, mass spectroscopy (MS)-based chromatographic techniques such as LC-MS are the most widely used techniques applied in combination with chemometric methods for natural products bioassay. Considering the complexity of dataset achieved from chromatographic hyphenated techniques, chemometric tools have been increasingly employed for phytochemical studies in the context of determining botanicals geographical origin, quality control, and detection of bioactive compounds. CONCLUSION Biochemometric application is expected to be further improved with advancing in data acquisition methods, new efficient preprocessing, model validation and variable selection methods which would guarantee that the applied model to have good prediction ability in compound relation to its bioactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Mahboubifar
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Christian Zidorn
- Pharmazeutisches Institut, Abteilung Pharmazeutische Biologie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Mohamed A Farag
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Zayed
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Amir Reza Jassbi
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Pharmazeutisches Institut, Abteilung Pharmazeutische Biologie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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Freitag S, Sulyok M, Reiter E, Lippl M, Mechtler K, Krska R. Influence of regional and yearly weather patterns on multi-mycotoxin occurrence in Austrian wheat: a liquid chromatographic-tandem mass spectrometric and multivariate statistics approach. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024. [PMID: 38770945 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mycotoxin surveys play an essential role in our food safety system. The obtained occurrence data form the basis for the assessment of the exposure of humans and animals to these toxic fungal secondary metabolites. Liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) has become the gold standard for mycotoxin determination because it enables selective and sensitive multi-toxin analysis. Simultaneous determination of several hundreds of secondary fungal metabolites is feasible using this technique. In this study, we combined a targeted dilute-and-shoot LC-MS/MS-based multi-analyte approach with multivariate statistics for the analysis of Austrian wheat from two different years and different geographical origins. RESULTS We quantified 47 secondary fungal metabolites, including regulated emerging and masked mycotoxins. The resulting multi-mycotoxin occurrence data were further analyzed using both multivariate and univariate statistics. Principal component analysis (PCA) and analysis of variance (ANOVA) simultaneous component analysis (ASCA) were employed to identify regional and yearly trends within the dataset and to quantify the variance in metabolite occurrence attributed to the different effects. In addition, secondary fungal metabolites significantly impacted by these factors were selected via ANOVA. Of the 47 secondary metabolites identified, 39 were affected by the year, region or a combined effect. Moreover, our findings show that 43 of the secondary fungal metabolites were significantly influenced by the weather conditions. CONCLUSION The results presented in this study underline the added value of combining targeted LC-MS/MS with multivariate statistics for monitoring a broad spectrum of secondary fungal metabolites in food crops. Through multivariate statistics, trends associated with the year or region can be readily studied. The approach presented could pave the way for a better understanding of the impact of climate change on plant pathogenic fungi and its implications for food safety. © 2024 The Author(s). Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Freitag
- Department of Agrobiotechnology, IFA-Tulln, Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Michael Sulyok
- Department of Agrobiotechnology, IFA-Tulln, Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Reiter
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety GmbH, Institute for Animal Nutrition and Feed, Vienna, Austria
| | - Maximilian Lippl
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety GmbH, Institute for Animal Nutrition and Feed, Vienna, Austria
| | - Klemens Mechtler
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety GmbH, Institute for Sustainable Plant Production, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rudolf Krska
- Department of Agrobiotechnology, IFA-Tulln, Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Tulln an der Donau, Austria
- FFoQSI GmbH - Austrian Competence Centre for Feed and Food Quality, Safety and Innovation, Tulln, Austria
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
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Windarsih A, Abu Bakar NK, Rohman A, Yuliana ND, Dachriyanus D. Untargeted metabolomics using liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry and chemometrics for analysis of non-halal meats adulteration in beef meat. Anim Biosci 2024; 37:918-928. [PMID: 38228131 PMCID: PMC11065716 DOI: 10.5713/ab.23.0238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The adulteration of raw beef (BMr) with dog meat (DMr) and pork (PMr) becomes a serious problem because it is associated with halal status, quality, and safety of meats. This research aimed to develop an effective authentication method to detect non-halal meats (dog meat and pork) in beef using metabolomics approach. METHODS Liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) using untargeted approach combined with chemometrics was applied for analysis non-halal meats in BMr. RESULTS The untargeted metabolomics approach successfully identified various metabolites in BMr DMr, PMr, and their mixtures. The discrimination and classification between authentic BMr and those adulterated with DMr and PMr were successfully determined using partial least square-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) with high accuracy. All BMr samples containing non-halal meats could be differentiated from authentic BMr. A number of discriminating metabolites with potential as biomarkers to discriminate BMr in the mixtures with DMr and PMr could be identified from the analysis of variable importance for projection value. Partial least square (PLS) and orthogonal PLS (OPLS) regression using discriminating metabolites showed high accuracy (R2>0.990) and high precision (both RMSEC and RMSEE <5%) in predicting the concentration of DMr and PMr present in beef indicating that the discriminating metabolites were good predictors. The developed untargeted LC-HRMS metabolomics and chemometrics successfully identified non-halal meats adulteration (DMr and PMr) in beef with high sensitivity up to 0.1% (w/w). CONCLUSION A combination of LC-HRMS untargeted metabolomic and chemometrics promises to be an effective analytical technique for halal authenticity testing of meats. This method could be further standardized and proposed as a method for halal authentication of meats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjar Windarsih
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603,
Malaysia
- Research Center for Food Technology and Processing (PRTPP), National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta 55861,
Indonesia
| | - Nor Kartini Abu Bakar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603,
Malaysia
| | - Abdul Rohman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281,
Indonesia
- Center of Excellence, Institute for Halal Industry and Systems (PUIPT-IHIS), Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281,
Indonesia
| | - Nancy Dewi Yuliana
- Department of Food Science and Technology, IPB University, Bogor 16680,
Indonesia
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Silva E, Dantas R, Barbosa JC, Berlinck RGS, Fill T. Metabolomics approach to understand molecular mechanisms involved in fungal pathogen-citrus pathosystems. Mol Omics 2024; 20:154-168. [PMID: 38273771 DOI: 10.1039/d3mo00182b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Citrus is a crucial crop with a significant economic impact globally. However, postharvest decay caused by fungal pathogens poses a considerable threat, leading to substantial financial losses. Penicillium digitatum, Penicillium italicum, Geotrichum citri-aurantii and Phyllosticta citricarpa are the main fungal pathogens, causing green mold, blue mold, sour rot and citrus black spot diseases, respectively. The use of chemical fungicides as a control strategy in citrus raises concerns about food and environmental safety. Therefore, understanding the molecular basis of host-pathogen interactions is essential to find safer alternatives. This review highlights the potential of the metabolomics approach in the search for bioactive compounds involved in the pathogen-citrus interaction, and how the integration of metabolomics and genomics contributes to the understanding of secondary metabolites associated with fungal virulence and the fungal infection mechanisms. Our goal is to provide a pipeline combining metabolomics and genomics that can effectively guide researchers to perform studies aiming to contribute to the understanding of the fundamental chemical and biochemical aspects of pathogen-host interactions, in order to effectively develop new alternatives for fungal diseases in citrus cultivation. We intend to inspire the scientific community to question unexplored biological systems, and to employ diverse analytical approaches and metabolomics techniques to address outstanding questions about the non-studied pathosystems from a chemical biology perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evandro Silva
- State University of Campinas, Institute of Chemistry, CEP, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
- University of São Paulo, Institute of Chemistry, CEP 13566-590, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Rodolfo Dantas
- State University of Campinas, Institute of Chemistry, CEP, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Júlio César Barbosa
- State University of Campinas, Institute of Chemistry, CEP, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Roberto G S Berlinck
- University of São Paulo, Institute of Chemistry, CEP 13566-590, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Taicia Fill
- State University of Campinas, Institute of Chemistry, CEP, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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Windarsih A, Bakar NKA, Rohman A, Erwanto Y. Analysis of dog meat adulteration in beef meatballs using non-targeted UHPLC-Orbitrap HRMS metabolomics and chemometrics for halal authentication study. ANAL SCI 2024; 40:385-397. [PMID: 38095741 DOI: 10.1007/s44211-023-00470-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Due to the different price and high quality, halal meat such as beef can be adulterated with non-halal meat with low price to get an economical price. The objective of this research was to develop an analytical method for halal authentication testing of beef meatballs (BM) from dog meat (DM) using a non-targeted metabolomics approach employing liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) and chemometrics. The differentiation of authentic BM from that adulterated with DM was successfully performed using partial least square-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) with high accuracy (R2X = 0.980, and R2Y = 0.980) and good predictivity (Q2 = 0.517). In addition, partial least square (PLS) and orthogonal PLS (OPLS) were successfully used to predict the DM added (% w/w) in BM with high accuracy (R2 > 0.990). A number of metabolites, potential for biomarker candidates, were identified to differentiate BM and that adulterated with DM. It showed that the combination of a non-targeted LC-HRMS Orbitrap metabolomics and chemometrics could detect up to 0.1% w/w of DM adulteration. The developed method was successfully applied for analysis of commercial meatball samples (n = 28). Moreover, pathway analysis revealed that beta-alanine, histidine, and ether lipid metabolism were significantly affected by dog meat adulteration. In summary, this developed method has great potential to be developed and used as an alternative method for analysis of non-halal meats in halal meat products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjar Windarsih
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Research Center for Food Technology and Processing (PRTPP), National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Yogyakarta, 55861, Indonesia
| | - Nor Kartini Abu Bakar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Abdul Rohman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia.
- Center of Excellence, Institute for Halal Industry and Systems (PUI-PT IHIS), Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia.
| | - Yuny Erwanto
- Center of Excellence, Institute for Halal Industry and Systems (PUI-PT IHIS), Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
- Faculty of Animal Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
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Zarudin NH, Normaya E, Shamsuri SS, Iqbal A, Mat Piah MB, Abdullah Z, Hamzah AS, Ahmad MN. Development of chemometric-assisted supercritical fluid extraction of effective and natural tyrosinase inhibitor from Syzygium aqueum leaves. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 258:129168. [PMID: 38171432 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.129168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Tyrosinase is a key enzyme in enzymatic browning, causing quality losses in food through the oxidation process. Thus, the discovery of an effective and natural tyrosinase inhibitor via green technology is of great interest to the global food market due to food security and climate change issues. In this study, Syzygium aqueum (S. aqueum) leaves, which are known to be rich in phenolic compounds (PC), were chosen as a natural source of tyrosinase inhibitor, and the effect of the sustainable, supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) process was evaluated. Response surface methodology-assisted supercritical fluid extraction (RSM-assisted SFE) was utilized to optimize the PCs extracted from S. aqueum. The highest amount of PC was obtained at the optimum conditions (55 °C, 3350 psi, and 70 min). The IC50 (661.815 μg/mL) of the optimized extract was evaluated, and its antioxidant activity (96.8 %) was determined. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) results reveal that 2',6'-dihydroxy-4'-methoxychalcone (2,6-D4MC) (82.65 %) was the major PC in S. aqueum. Chemometric analysis indicated that 2,6-D4MC has similar chemical properties to the tyrosinase inhibitor control (kaempferol). The toxicity and physiochemical properties of the novel 2,6-D4MC from S. aqueum revealed that the 2,6-D4MC is safer than kaempferol as predicted via absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) evaluation. Enzyme kinetic analysis shows that the type of inhibition of the optimized extract is non-competitive inhibition with Km = 1.55 mM and Vmax = 0.017 μM/s. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis shows the effectiveness of S. aqueum as a tyrosinase inhibitor. The mechanistic insight of the tyrosinase inhibition using 2,6-D4MC was successfully calculated using density functional theory (DFT) and molecular docking approaches. The findings could have a significant impact on food security development by devising a sustainable and effective tyrosinase inhibitor from waste by-products that is aligned with the United Nation's SDG 2, zero hunger.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurul Husna Zarudin
- Experimental and Theoretical Research Lab (ETRL), Department of Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Science, IIUM Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Erna Normaya
- Experimental and Theoretical Research Lab (ETRL), Department of Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Science, IIUM Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia; Sustainable Nanotechnology and Computational Modelling (SuNCoM) Research Group, Kulliyyah of Science, IIUM Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Syamimi Sulfiza Shamsuri
- Experimental and Theoretical Research Lab (ETRL), Department of Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Science, IIUM Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Anwar Iqbal
- School of Chemical Science, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Bijarimi Mat Piah
- Faculty of Chemical & Natural Resources Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Kuantan, Malaysia
| | - Zanariah Abdullah
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti of Malaya (UM), 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Sazali Hamzah
- Institute of Science (IOS), Level 3, Block C, Kompleks Inspirasi, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Mohammad Norazmi Ahmad
- Experimental and Theoretical Research Lab (ETRL), Department of Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Science, IIUM Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia; Sustainable Nanotechnology and Computational Modelling (SuNCoM) Research Group, Kulliyyah of Science, IIUM Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia.
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Sim KS, Kim H, Hur SH, Na TW, Lee JH, Kim HJ. Geographical origin discriminatory analysis of onions: Chemometrics methods applied to ICP-OES and ICP-MS analysis. Food Res Int 2024; 175:113676. [PMID: 38129025 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Geographical origin is an important determinant of agricultural product quality and safety. Herein, inductively coupled plasma (ICP) analysis was applied to determine the inorganic elemental content of onions and identify their geographical origin (Korean or Chinese). Chemometric, including principal component analysis (PCA), partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), and orthogonal partial least square discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) were applied to the ICP results. OPLS-DA distinguished each group, and 17 elements with variable importance in projection (VIP) values of ≥ 1 were selected. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve had an area under the curve (AUC) of 1, indicating excellent discriminatory power. Differences in elemental content between groups were visually observed in a heatmap, and the country of origin was determined with 100% accuracy using canonical discriminant analysis (CDA). This method accurately distinguishes between Korean and Chinese onions and is expected to be beneficial for identifying agricultural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu Sang Sim
- National Agricultural Products Quality Management Service, Gimcheon 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoyoung Kim
- National Agricultural Products Quality Management Service, Gimcheon 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Suel Hye Hur
- National Agricultural Products Quality Management Service, Gimcheon 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Woong Na
- National Agricultural Products Quality Management Service, Gimcheon 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hye Lee
- National Agricultural Products Quality Management Service, Gimcheon 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Jin Kim
- National Agricultural Products Quality Management Service, Gimcheon 39660, Republic of Korea.
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Tang W, Zhu SC, Tan XJ, Cao J, Ye LH. Chemometrics and antioxidant activity assisted nontargeted metabolomics for the identification of ginger species. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 234:115546. [PMID: 37385094 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
An ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled with ion mobility quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry method was developed for the separation and identification of phenols, organic acids, flavonoids and curcumin in different species of ginger. The parameters affecting the separation and response of liquid chromatography, including the stationary phase and mobile phase, were systematically investigated and optimized. To further identify the differential metabolites in the six types of samples, a chemometric approach was introduced. Principal component analysis, cluster analysis and partial least squares discriminant analysis were used to identify the major components in the samples and to compare the compositional differences between the various samples. In addition, antioxidant experiments were designed to investigate the differences in antioxidant activity among the six ginger samples. The method showed good linearity (R2 ≥0.9903), satisfactory precision (RSD% ≤ 4.59 %), low LOD (0.35-25.86 ng/mL) and acceptable recovery (78-109 %) and reproducibility (RSD% ≤ 4.20 %). Therefore, the method has great potential for application in the compositional analysis and quality control of ginger.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Tang
- College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, PR China
| | - Si-Chen Zhu
- College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, PR China
| | - Xiao-Jing Tan
- College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, PR China
| | - Jun Cao
- College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, PR China.
| | - Li-Hong Ye
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Hangzhou 310003, PR China.
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Windarsih A, Bakar NKA, Dachriyanus, Yuliana ND, Riswanto FDO, Rohman A. Analysis of Pork in Beef Sausages Using LC-Orbitrap HRMS Untargeted Metabolomics Combined with Chemometrics for Halal Authentication Study. Molecules 2023; 28:5964. [PMID: 37630216 PMCID: PMC10459517 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28165964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Beef sausage (BS) is one of the most favored meat products due to its nutrition and good taste. However, for economic purposes, BS is often adulterated with pork by unethical players. Pork consumption is strictly prohibited for religions including Islam and Judaism. Therefore, advanced detection methods are highly required to warrant the halal authenticity of BS. This research aimed to develop a liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) method to determine the halal authenticity of BS using an untargeted metabolomics approach. LC-HRMS was capable of detecting various metabolites in BS and BS containing pork. The presence of pork in BS could be differentiated using principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) with high accuracy. PLS-DA perfectly classified authentic BS and BS containing pork in all concentration levels of pork with R2X = (0.821), R2Y(= 0.984), and Q2 = (0.795). The level of pork in BS was successfully predicted through partial least squares (PLS) and orthogonal PLS (OPLS) chemometrics. Both models gave high R2 (>0.99) actual and predicted values as well as few errors, indicating good accuracy and precision. Identification of discriminating metabolites' potential as biomarker candidates through variable importance for projections (VIP) value revealed metabolites of 2-arachidonyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine, 3-hydroxyoctanoylcarnitine, 8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatrienoic acid, D-(+)-galactose, oleamide, 3-hydroxyhexadecanoylcarnitine, arachidonic acid, and α-eleostearic acid as good indicators to detect pork. It can be concluded that LC-HRMS metabolomics combined with PCA, PLS-DA, PLS, and OPLS was successfully used to detect pork adulteration in beef sausages. The results imply that LC-HRMS untargeted metabolomics in combination with chemometrics is a promising alternative as an analytical technique to detect pork in sausage products. Further analysis of larger samples is required to warrant the reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjar Windarsih
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (A.W.); (N.K.A.B.)
- Research Center for Food Technology and Processing (PRTPP), National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Yogyakarta 55861, Indonesia
| | - Nor Kartini Abu Bakar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (A.W.); (N.K.A.B.)
| | - Dachriyanus
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Andalas University, Padang 25175, Indonesia;
| | - Nancy Dewi Yuliana
- Department of Food Science and Technology, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia;
- Halal Science Center, IPB University, Bogor 16129, Indonesia
| | - Florentinus Dika Octa Riswanto
- Division of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus III Paingan, Universitas Sanata Dharma, Yogyakarta 55282, Indonesia;
| | - Abdul Rohman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
- Center of Excellence, Institute for Halal Industry and Systems (PUIPT-IHIS), Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
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Creydt M, Fischer M. Artefact Profiling: Panomics Approaches for Understanding the Materiality of Written Artefacts. Molecules 2023; 28:4872. [PMID: 37375427 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28124872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This review explains the strategies behind genomics, proteomics, metabolomics, metallomics and isotopolomics approaches and their applicability to written artefacts. The respective sub-chapters give an insight into the analytical procedure and the conclusions drawn from such analyses. A distinction is made between information that can be obtained from the materials used in the respective manuscript and meta-information that cannot be obtained from the manuscript itself, but from residues of organisms such as bacteria or the authors and readers. In addition, various sampling techniques are discussed in particular, which pose a special challenge in manuscripts. The focus is on high-resolution, non-targeted strategies that can be used to extract the maximum amount of information about ancient objects. The combination of the various omics disciplines (panomics) especially offers potential added value in terms of the best possible interpretations of the data received. The information obtained can be used to understand the production of ancient artefacts, to gain impressions of former living conditions, to prove their authenticity, to assess whether there is a toxic hazard in handling the manuscripts, and to be able to determine appropriate measures for their conservation and restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Creydt
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Hamburg School of Food Science, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence, Understanding Written Artefacts, University of Hamburg, Warburgstraße 26, 20354 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Markus Fischer
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Hamburg School of Food Science, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence, Understanding Written Artefacts, University of Hamburg, Warburgstraße 26, 20354 Hamburg, Germany
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Reveglia P, Agudo-Jurado FJ, Barilli E, Masi M, Evidente A, Rubiales D. Uncovering Phytotoxic Compounds Produced by Colletotrichum spp. Involved in Legume Diseases Using an OSMAC-Metabolomics Approach. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:610. [PMID: 37367546 DOI: 10.3390/jof9060610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Different fungal species belonging to the Colletotrichum genus cause anthracnose disease in a range of major crops, resulting in huge economic losses worldwide. Typical symptoms include dark, sunken lesions on leaves, stems, or fruits. Colletotrichum spp. have synthesized, in vitro, a number of biologically active and structurally unusual metabolites that are involved in their host's infection process. In this study, we applied a one strain many compounds (OSMAC) approach, integrated with targeted and non-targeted metabolomics profiling, to shed light on the secondary phytotoxic metabolite panels produced by pathogenic isolates of Colletotrichum truncatum and Colletotrichum trifolii. The phytotoxicity of the fungal crude extracts was also assessed on their primary hosts and related legumes, and the results correlated with the metabolite profile that arose from the different cultural conditions. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that the OSMAC strategy integrated with metabolomics approaches has been applied to Colletotrichum species involved in legume diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eleonora Barilli
- Institute for Sustainable Agriculture, CSIC, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Marco Masi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II (UNINA), 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Evidente
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II (UNINA), 80126 Naples, Italy
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council (ISPA-CNR), 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Diego Rubiales
- Institute for Sustainable Agriculture, CSIC, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
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12
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Wu X, Ding H, Zhang Z, Zheng M, Ni H, Huang Z, Wu W, Long H, Zhou Y, Li F, Lei M, Hou J, Wu W, Guo D. An improved strategy for identification and annotation of easily in-sourced dissociation diterpene lactones from plant natural products: Taking Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) as an example. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2023; 37:e9483. [PMID: 36718976 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Diterpene lactones (DL) in Andrographis paniculata (AP) are known as "natural antibiotics" for their excellent antibacterial activity. During mass spectrometry (MS) analysis, the hydroxyl groups in the AP DL skeleton are prone to neutral loss of H2 O, producing high in-source fragment peaks and affecting the characterization of these components. METHODS Mass tags were applied during the MS data acquisition step, and special adduct ion form was used to guide the data processing and characterization steps. Besides, the total number of characterized AP DLs significantly increased when combining the number of neutrally lost H2 O from AP DLs, incorporating information on the diagnostic ions, and adopting molecular networks generated with the Global Natural Products Social Molecular Networking database. RESULTS Ninety-nine DLs, comprising 6 monohydroxyl groups, 20 dihydroxyl groups, 27 trihydroxy groups, and 46 DLs with more than 3 hydroxyl groups, were characterized from AP. In addition, based on the characteristic fragments in the product ions (C3 H4 , Δm/z = 40.03 Da), it could be assumed that 90 DLs had the C19-OH structure among the identified DLs. The current study provides a new approach for collecting, processing, and characterizing MS analysis of natural DLs prone to in-source fragmentation. CONCLUSIONS MS characterization of AP DLs was significantly improved, and many potential new compounds were identified in AP. This characterization provides new methods for the purification and identification of AP DLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingdong Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
- Guizhou Engineering Research Center of Industrial Key-Technology for Dendrobium Nobile, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Hongwei Ding
- Department of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
- National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zijia Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Man Zheng
- National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Ni
- National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyun Huang
- Guangzhou Baiyunshan Xingqun Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenyong Wu
- National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Huali Long
- National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Feifei Li
- National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Min Lei
- National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinjun Hou
- National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wanying Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
- National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dean Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
- National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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13
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Cui C, Xia M, Chen J, Shi B, Peng C, Cai H, Jin L, Hou R. 1H NMR-based metabolomics combined with chemometrics to detect edible oil adulteration in huajiao (Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim.). Food Chem 2023; 423:136305. [PMID: 37178597 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Huajiao is a highly valued spice that is susceptible to fraudulent adulteration, particularly the addition of edible oils to increase weight and improve color. Nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) and chemometrics were used to analyze 120 huajiao samples adulterated with different types and levels of edible oils. Using untargeted data and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), the discrimination rate between types of adulteration reached 100% accuracy, and the R2 value of the prediction set for the level of adulteration using the targeted analysis dataset combined with PLS-regression methods reached 0.99. Triacylglycerols, major components of edible oils, were identified as a marker of adulteration through the variable importance in projection of the PLS-regression. A quantitative method based on the sn-3 triacylglycerol signal was developed that can achieve a detection limit of 0.11%. Testing of 28 market samples showed adulteration with various edible oils, with adulteration rates ranging from 0.96% to 4.41%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanjian Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Science & Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Mingyue Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Science & Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | | | - Biwen Shi
- Qiaqia Food Co., Ltd., Hefei 230601, China
| | - Chuanyi Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Science & Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Huimei Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Science & Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Long Jin
- Qiaqia Food Co., Ltd., Hefei 230601, China.
| | - Ruyan Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Science & Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
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14
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Suratno, Windarsih A, Warmiko HD, Khasanah Y, Indrianingsih AW, Rohman A. Metabolomics and Proteomics Approach Using LC-Orbitrap HRMS for the Detection of Pork in Tuna Meat for Halal Authentication. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-023-02472-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
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15
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Application of stable isotope and mineral element fingerprint in identification of Hainan camellia oil producing area based on convolutional neural networks (CNN). Food Control 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2023.109744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
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16
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Liu Z, Wang W, Liu X. Automated characterization and identification of microplastics through spectroscopy and chemical imaging in combination with chemometric: Latest developments and future prospects. Trends Analyt Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2023.116956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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17
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Kartsova LA, Bessonova EA, Deev VA, Kolobova EA. Current Role of Modern Chromatography with Mass Spectrometry and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in the Investigation of Biomarkers of Endometriosis. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2023:1-24. [PMID: 36625278 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2022.2156770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Endometriosis has a wide range of clinical manifestations, and the disease course is unpredictable, making the diagnosis a challenging task. Despite significant advances in the pathophysiology of endometriosis and various proposed theories, the exact etiology is not fully understood and is still unknown. The most commonly used biomarker of endometriosis is CA-125, however, it is nonspecific and is applied for cancers diagnosis. Therefore, the development of reliable noninvasive diagnostic tests for the early diagnosis of endometriosis remains one of the top priorities. Omics technologies are very promising approaches for constructing diagnostic models and biomarker discovery. Their use can greatly facilitate the study of such a complex disease as endometriosis. Nowadays, powerful analytical platforms commonly used in omics, such as gas and liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, have proven to be a promising tools for biomarker discovery. The aim of this review is to summarize the various features of the analytical approaches, practical challenges and features of gas and liquid chromatography with MS and NMR spectroscopy (including sample processing protocols, technological advancements, and methodology) used for profiling of metabolites, lipids, peptides and proteins in physiological fluids and tissues from patients with endometriosis. In addition, this report devotes special attention to the issue of how comprehensive analyses of these profiles can effectively contribute to the study of endometriosis. The search query included reports published between 2012 and 2022 years in PubMed, Web-of-Science, SCOPUS, Science Direct.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ekaterina Alekseevna Kolobova
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
- The Federal State Institute of Public Health 'The Nikiforov Russian Center of Emergency and Radiation Medicine', The Ministry of Russian Federation for Civil Defence, Emergencies and Elimination of Consequences of Natural Disasters, St. Petersburg, Russia
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18
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Kim HK, Choi YH, Verpoorte R. Natural Products Drug Discovery: On Silica or In-Silico? Handb Exp Pharmacol 2023; 277:117-141. [PMID: 36318326 DOI: 10.1007/164_2022_611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Natural products have been the most important source for drug development throughout the human history. Over time, the formulation of drugs has evolved from crude drugs to refined chemicals. In modern drug discovery, conventional natural products lead-finding usually uses a top-down approach, namely bio-guided fractionation. In this approach, the crude extracts are separated by chromatography and resulting fractions are tested for activity. Subsequently, active fractions are further refined until a single active compound is obtained. However, this is a painstakingly slow and expensive process. Among the alternatives that have been developed to improve this situation, metabolomics has proved to yield interesting results having been applied successfully to drug discovery in the last two decades. The metabolomics-based approach in lead-finding comprises two steps: (1) in-depth chemical profiling of target samples, e.g. plant extracts, and bioactivity assessment, (2) correlation of the chemical and biological data by chemometrics. In the first step of this approach, the target samples are chemically profiled in an untargeted manner to detect as many compounds as possible. So far, NMR spectroscopy, LC-MS, GC-MS, and MS/MS spectrometry are the most common profiling tools. The profile data are correlated with the biological activity with the help of various chemometric methods such as multivariate data analysis. This in-silico analysis has a high potential to replace or complement conventional on-silica bioassay-guided fractionation as it will greatly reduce the number of bioassays, and thus time and costs. Moreover, it may reveal synergistic mechanisms, when present, something for which the classical top-down approach is clearly not suited. This chapter aims to give an overview of successful approaches based on the application of chemical profiling with chemometrics in natural products drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Kyong Kim
- Natural Products Laboratory, Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Young Hae Choi
- Natural Products Laboratory, Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.,College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Robert Verpoorte
- Natural Products Laboratory, Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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19
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Development of Non-Targeted Mass Spectrometry Method for Distinguishing Spelt and Wheat. Foods 2022; 12:foods12010141. [PMID: 36613357 PMCID: PMC9818861 DOI: 10.3390/foods12010141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Food fraud, even when not in the news, is ubiquitous and demands the development of innovative strategies to combat it. A new non-targeted method (NTM) for distinguishing spelt and wheat is described, which aids in food fraud detection and authenticity testing. A highly resolved fingerprint in the form of spectra is obtained for several cultivars of spelt and wheat using liquid chromatography coupled high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS). Convolutional neural network (CNN) models are built using a nested cross validation (NCV) approach by appropriately training them using a calibration set comprising duplicate measurements of eleven cultivars of wheat and spelt, each. The results reveal that the CNNs automatically learn patterns and representations to best discriminate tested samples into spelt or wheat. This is further investigated using an external validation set comprising artificially mixed spectra, samples for processed goods (spelt bread and flour), eleven untypical spelt, and six old wheat cultivars. These cultivars were not part of model building. We introduce a metric called the D score to quantitatively evaluate and compare the classification decisions. Our results demonstrate that NTMs based on NCV and CNNs trained using appropriately chosen spectral data can be reliable enough to be used on a wider range of cultivars and their mixes.
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20
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Detection of Pork in Beef Meatballs Using LC-HRMS Based Untargeted Metabolomics and Chemometrics for Halal Authentication. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27238325. [PMID: 36500423 PMCID: PMC9740294 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Adulteration of high-quality meat products using lower-priced meats, such as pork, is a crucial issue that could harm consumers. The consumption of pork is strictly forbidden in certain religions, such as Islam and Judaism. Therefore, the objective of this research was to develop untargeted metabolomics using liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) combined with chemometrics for analysis of pork in beef meatballs for halal authentication. We investigated the use of non-targeted LC-HRMS as a method to detect such food adulteration. As a proof of concept using six technical replicates of pooled samples from beef and pork meat, we could show that metabolomics using LC-HRMS could be used for high-throughput screening of metabolites in meatballs made from beef and pork. Chemometrics of principal component analysis (PCA) was successfully used to differentiate beef meatballs and pork meatball samples. Partial least square-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) clearly discriminated between halal and non-halal beef meatball samples with 100% accuracy. Orthogonal projection to latent structures-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) perfectly discriminated and classified meatballs made from beef, pork, and a mixture of beef-pork with a good level of fitness (R2X = 0.88, R2Y = 0.71) and good predictivity (Q2 = 0.55). Partial least square (PLS) and orthogonal PLS (OPLS) were successfully applied to predict the concentration of pork present in beef meatballs with high accuracy (R2 = 0.99) and high precision. Thirty-five potential metabolite markers were identified through VIP (variable important for projections) analysis. Metabolites of 1-(1Z-hexadecenyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, acetyl-l-carnitine, dl-carnitine, anserine, hypoxanthine, linoleic acid, and prolylleucine had important roles for predicting pork in beef meatballs through S-line plot analysis. It can be concluded that a combination of untargeted metabolomics using LC-HRMS and chemometrics is promising to be developed as a standard analytical method for halal authentication of highly processed meat products.
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21
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Avila-Sosa R, Nevárez-Moorillón GV, Ochoa-Velasco CE, Navarro-Cruz AR, Hernández-Carranza P, Cid-Pérez TS. Detection of Saffron’s Main Bioactive Compounds and Their Relationship with Commercial Quality. Foods 2022. [PMCID: PMC9601577 DOI: 10.3390/foods11203245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This review aims to evaluate the state of saffron’s main bioactive compounds and their relationship with its commercial quality. Saffron is the commercial name for the dried red stigmas of the Crocus sativus L. flower. It owes its sensory and functional properties mainly to the presence of its carotenoid derivatives, synthesized throughout flowering and also during the whole production process. These compounds include crocin, crocetin, picrocrocin, and safranal, which are bioactive metabolites. Saffron’s commercial value is determined according to the ISO/TS3632 standard that determines their main apocatotenoids. Other techniques such as chromatography (gas and liquid) are used to detect the apocarotenoids. This, together with the determination of spectral fingerprinting or chemo typing are essential for saffron identification. The determination of the specific chemical markers coupled with chemometric methods favors the discrimination of adulterated samples, possible plants, or adulterating compounds and even the concentrations at which these are obtained. Chemical characterization and concentration of various compounds could be affected by saffron’s geographical origin and harvest/postharvest characteristics. The large number of chemical compounds found in the by-products (flower parts) of saffron (catechin, quercetin, delphinidin, etc.) make it an interesting aromatic spice as a colorant, antioxidant, and source of phytochemicals, which can also bring additional economic value to the most expensive aromatic species in the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raul Avila-Sosa
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Edificio 105E, 14 Sur y Av. San Claudio, Ciudad Universitaria, Col. San Manuel, Puebla 72420, Mexico
| | | | - Carlos Enrique Ochoa-Velasco
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Edificio 105E, 14 Sur y Av. San Claudio, Ciudad Universitaria, Col. San Manuel, Puebla 72420, Mexico
| | - Addí Rhode Navarro-Cruz
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Edificio 105E, 14 Sur y Av. San Claudio, Ciudad Universitaria, Col. San Manuel, Puebla 72420, Mexico
| | - Paola Hernández-Carranza
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Edificio 105E, 14 Sur y Av. San Claudio, Ciudad Universitaria, Col. San Manuel, Puebla 72420, Mexico
| | - Teresa Soledad Cid-Pérez
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Edificio 105E, 14 Sur y Av. San Claudio, Ciudad Universitaria, Col. San Manuel, Puebla 72420, Mexico
- Correspondence:
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22
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Review of contemporary chemometric strategies applied on preparing GC–MS data in forensic analysis. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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23
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Li H, Wu X, Wu S, Chen L, Kou X, Zeng Y, Li D, Lin Q, Zhong H, Hao T, Dong B, Chen S, Zheng J. Machine learning directed discrimination of virgin and recycled poly(ethylene terephthalate) based on non-targeted analysis of volatile organic compounds. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 436:129116. [PMID: 35569370 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The use of non-decontaminated recycled poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) in food packages arouses consumer safety concerns, and thus is a major obstacle hindering PET bottle-to-bottle recycling in many developing regions. Herein, machine learning (ML) algorithms were employed for the discrimination of 127 batches of virgin PET and recycled PET (rPET) samples based on 1247 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) tentatively identified by headspace solid-phase microextraction comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. 100% prediction accuracy was achieved for PET discrimination using random forest (RF) and support vector machine (SVM) algorithms. The features of VOCs bearing high variable contributions to the RF prediction performance characterized by mean decrease Gini and variable importance were summarized as high occurrence rate, dominant appearance and distinct instrument response. Further, RF and SVM were employed for PET discrimination using the simplified input datasets composed of 62 VOCs with the highest contributions to the RF prediction performance derived by the AUCRF algorithm, by which over 99% prediction accuracy was achieved. Our results demonstrated ML algorithms were reliable and powerful to address PET adulteration and were beneficial to boost food-contact applications of rPET bottles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanke Li
- National Reference Laboratory for Food Contact Material (Guangdong), Guangzhou Customs Technology Center, Guangzhou 510075, China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Xuefeng Wu
- National Reference Laboratory for Food Contact Material (Guangdong), Guangzhou Customs Technology Center, Guangzhou 510075, China
| | - Siliang Wu
- National Reference Laboratory for Food Contact Material (Guangdong), Guangzhou Customs Technology Center, Guangzhou 510075, China
| | - Lichang Chen
- Department of Medical Statistics, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xiaoxue Kou
- National Reference Laboratory for Food Contact Material (Guangdong), Guangzhou Customs Technology Center, Guangzhou 510075, China
| | - Ying Zeng
- National Reference Laboratory for Food Contact Material (Guangdong), Guangzhou Customs Technology Center, Guangzhou 510075, China
| | - Dan Li
- National Reference Laboratory for Food Contact Material (Guangdong), Guangzhou Customs Technology Center, Guangzhou 510075, China
| | - Qinbao Lin
- Key Laboratory of Product Packaging and Logistics, Packaging Engineering Institute, Jinan University, Zhuhai 519070, China
| | - Huaining Zhong
- National Reference Laboratory for Food Contact Material (Guangdong), Guangzhou Customs Technology Center, Guangzhou 510075, China.
| | - Tianying Hao
- Key Laboratory of Product Packaging and Logistics, Packaging Engineering Institute, Jinan University, Zhuhai 519070, China
| | - Ben Dong
- National Reference Laboratory for Food Contact Material (Guangdong), Guangzhou Customs Technology Center, Guangzhou 510075, China.
| | - Sheng Chen
- National Reference Laboratory for Food Contact Material (Guangdong), Guangzhou Customs Technology Center, Guangzhou 510075, China
| | - Jianguo Zheng
- National Reference Laboratory for Food Contact Material (Guangdong), Guangzhou Customs Technology Center, Guangzhou 510075, China
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24
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Nanoconfined liquid phase nanoextraction combined with in-fiber derivatization for simultaneous quantification of seventy amino-containing metabolites in plasma by LC-MS/MS: Exploration of lung cancer screening model. Talanta 2022; 245:123452. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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25
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Zhang Z, Peng L, Chen Y, Zhang K, Chen J, Li Z, Li W. An integration of UPLC-Q-TOF/MS and chemometrics analysis for the holistic quality evaluation of different geographical Paederia scandens. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2022; 36:e9317. [PMID: 35445460 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Due to the special geographical location and climate of China, there are large differences in the chemical composition and content of Paederia scandens (PS) from different origins, which will have a large impact on its efficacy. METHODS An efficient quality control method for PS was established by combining ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry analyses. First, a UPLC-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry system was employed to identify the chemical composition of PS from seven different origins. Then, the chemical variation in 73 batches of PS samples was subsequently investigated by quantitation of four marker compounds. RESULTS A total of 15 common compounds were identified in the samples of PS from seven origins. And four of the marker compounds were chosen based on VIP values to characterize the differences between PS samples of different origins. The linearity ranged between 0.005 and 2.500 mg/mL; the correlation coefficients (r2 ) ranged from 0.999 to 1; the limits of detection ranged from 0.013 to 0.033 μg/mL; and the relative standard deviations for repeatability, precisions, and stabilities were below 0.2%, 1.6%, and 0.6%, respectively. CONCLUSION The results show that the method can be effective and comprehensive in evaluating the quality of PS from different origins. And this comprehensive strategy proved to be a powerful technique used to differentiate between different geographical herbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Le Peng
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuru Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Chengdu Bright Biotechnology Co. Ltd, Chengdu, China
| | - Junhui Chen
- Qingdao Key Lab on Analytical Technology Development and Standardization of Chinese Medicines, The First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, China
| | - Zheng Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenlong Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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Integrating metabolome dynamics and process data to guide cell line selection in biopharmaceutical process development. Metab Eng 2022; 72:353-364. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2022.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Shi T, Wu G, Jin Q, Wang X. Camellia oil adulteration detection using fatty acid ratios and tocopherol compositions with chemometrics. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Spectral Pre-Processing and Multivariate Calibration Methods for the Prediction of Wood Density in Chinese White Poplar by Visible and Near Infrared Spectroscopy. FORESTS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/f13010062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Wood density is a key indicator for tree functionality and end utilization. Appropriate chemometric methods play an important role in the successful prediction of wood density by visible and near infrared (Vis-NIR) spectroscopy. The objective of this study was to select appropriate pre-processing, variable selection and multivariate calibration techniques to improve the prediction accuracy of density in Chinese white poplar (Populus tomentosa carriere) wood. The Vis-NIR spectra were de-noised using four methods (lifting wavelet transform, LWT; wavelet transform, WT; multiplicative scatter correction, MSC; and standard normal variate, SNV), and four variable selection techniques, including successive projections algorithm (SPA), uninformative variables elimination (UVE), competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS) and iteratively retains informative variables (IRIV), were compared to simplify the dimension of the high-dimensional spectral matrix. The non-linear models of generalized regression neural network (GRNN) and support vector machine (SVM) were performed using these selected variables. The results showed that the best prediction was obtained by GRNN models combined with the LWT and CARS method for Chinese white poplar wood density (Rp2 = 0.870; RMSEP = 13 Kg/m3; RPDp = 2.774).
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Păucean A, Mureșan V, Maria-Man S, Chiș MS, Mureșan AE, Șerban LR, Pop A, Muste S. Metabolomics as a Tool to Elucidate the Sensory, Nutritional and Safety Quality of Wheat Bread-A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168945. [PMID: 34445648 PMCID: PMC8396194 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Wheat (Triticum aestivum) is one of the most extensively cultivated and used staple crops in human nutrition, while wheat bread is annually consumed in more than nine billion kilograms over the world. Consumers’ purchase decisions on wheat bread are largely influenced by its nutritional and sensorial characteristics. In the last decades, metabolomics is considered an effective tool for elucidating the information on metabolites; however, the deep investigations on metabolites still remain a difficult and longtime action. This review gives emphasis on the achievements in wheat bread metabolomics by highlighting targeted and untargeted analyses used in this field. The metabolomics approaches are discussed in terms of quality, processing and safety of wheat and bread, while the molecular mechanisms involved in the sensorial and nutritional characteristics of wheat bread are pointed out. These aspects are of crucial importance in the context of new consumers’ demands on healthy bakery products rich in bioactive compounds but, equally, with good sensorial acceptance. Moreover, metabolomics is a potential tool for assessing the changes in nutrient composition from breeding to processing, while monitoring and understanding the transformations of metabolites with bioactive properties, as well as the formation of compounds like toxins during wheat storage.
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