1
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Dono A, Zhu P, Takayasu T, Arevalo O, Riascos R, Tandon N, Ballester LY, Esquenazi Y. Extent of Resection Thresholds in Molecular Subgroups of Newly Diagnosed Isocitrate Dehydrogenase-Wildtype Glioblastoma. Neurosurgery 2024:00006123-990000000-01153. [PMID: 38687046 DOI: 10.1227/neu.0000000000002964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Maximizing the extent of resection (EOR) improves outcomes in glioblastoma (GBM). However, previous GBM studies have not addressed the EOR impact in molecular subgroups beyond IDH1/IDH2 status. In the current article, we evaluate whether EOR confers a benefit in all GBM subtypes or only in particular molecular subgroups. METHODS A retrospective cohort of newly diagnosed GBM isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-wildtype undergoing resection were prospectively included in a database (n = 138). EOR and residual tumor volume (RTV) were quantified with semiautomated software. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor tissues were analyzed by targeted next-generation sequencing. The association between recurrent genomic alterations and EOR/RTV was evaluated using a recursive partitioning analysis to identify thresholds of EOR or RTV that may predict survival. The Kaplan-Meier methods and multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression methods were applied for survival analysis. RESULTS Patients with EOR ≥88% experienced 44% prolonged overall survival (OS) in multivariable analysis (hazard ratio: 0.56, P = .030). Patients with alterations in the TP53 pathway and EOR <89% showed reduced OS compared to TP53 pathway altered patients with EOR>89% (10.5 vs 18.8 months; HR: 2.78, P = .013); however, EOR/RTV was not associated with OS in patients without alterations in the TP53 pathway. Meanwhile, in all patients with EOR <88%, PTEN-altered had significantly worse OS than PTEN-wildtype (9.5 vs 15.4 months; HR: 4.53, P < .001). CONCLUSION Our results suggest that a subset of molecularly defined GBM IDH-wildtype may benefit more from aggressive resections. Re-resections to optimize EOR might be beneficial in a subset of molecularly defined GBMs. Molecular alterations should be taken into consideration for surgical treatment decisions in GBM IDH-wildtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Dono
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ping Zhu
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Octavio Arevalo
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging, McGovern Medical School, the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Roy Riascos
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging, McGovern Medical School, the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
- Memorial Hermann Hospital - TMC, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Nitin Tandon
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
- Memorial Hermann Hospital - TMC, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Leomar Y Ballester
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yoshua Esquenazi
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
- Memorial Hermann Hospital - TMC, Houston, Texas, USA
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
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2
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Tomoszková S, Škarda J, Lipina R. Potential Diagnostic and Clinical Significance of Selected Genetic Alterations in Glioblastoma. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4438. [PMID: 38674026 PMCID: PMC11050250 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is currently considered the most common and, unfortunately, also the most aggressive primary brain tumor, with the highest morbidity and mortality rates. The average survival of patients diagnosed with glioblastoma is 14 months, and only 2% of patients survive 3 years after surgery. Based on our clinical experience and knowledge from extensive clinical studies, survival is mainly related to the molecular biological properties of glioblastoma, which are of interest to the general medical community. Our study examined a total of 71 retrospective studies published from 2016 through 2022 and available on PubMed that deal with mutations of selected genes in the pathophysiology of GBM. In conclusion, we can find other mutations within a given gene group that have different effects on the prognosis and quality of survival of a patient with glioblastoma. These mutations, together with the associated mutations of other genes, as well as intratumoral heterogeneity itself, offer enormous potential for further clinical research and possible application in therapeutic practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Tomoszková
- Neurosurgery Clinic, University Hospital Ostrava, 17. listopadu 1790/5, 708 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic;
- Medical Faculty, University of Ostrava, Syllabova 19, 703 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic;
| | - Jozef Škarda
- Medical Faculty, University of Ostrava, Syllabova 19, 703 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic;
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Pathology and Medical Genetics, University Hospital Ostrava, 17. listopadu 1790/5, 708 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Radim Lipina
- Neurosurgery Clinic, University Hospital Ostrava, 17. listopadu 1790/5, 708 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic;
- Medical Faculty, University of Ostrava, Syllabova 19, 703 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic;
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3
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Song Z, Xue Z, Wang Y, Imran M, Assiri M, Fahad S. Insights into the roles of non-coding RNAs and angiogenesis in glioblastoma: An overview of current research and future perspectives. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2024; 1868:130567. [PMID: 38242182 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2024.130567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly aggressive type of primary brain cancer with a poor prognosis, and despite intensive research, survival rates have not significantly improved. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are emerging as critical regulators of GBM pathogenesis, including angiogenesis, which is essential for tumor growth and invasion. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been identified as regulators of angiogenesis in GBM. miRNAs such as miR-21, miR-10b, and miR-26a promote angiogenesis by targeting anti-angiogenic factors, while lncRNAs such as H19 and MALAT1 inhibit angiogenesis by regulating pro-angiogenic factors. CircRNAs, such as circSMARCA5 and circBACH2, also regulate angiogenesis through various mechanisms. Similarly, signaling pathways such as the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathway play critical roles in angiogenesis and have been targeted for GBM therapy. However, resistance to anti-angiogenic therapies is a significant obstacle in clinical practice. Developing novel therapeutic strategies targeting ncRNAs and angiogenesis is a promising approach for GBM. Potential targets include miRNAs, lncRNAs, circRNAs, and downstream signaling pathways that regulate angiogenesis. This review highlights the critical roles of ncRNAs and angiogenesis in GBM pathogenesis and the potential for new therapeutic strategies targeting these pathways to improve the prognosis and quality of life for GBM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengfei Song
- Department of Neurosurgery, SIR Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhaoliang Xue
- Department of Neurosurgery, SIR Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yirong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, SIR Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Assiri
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shah Fahad
- Department of Agronomy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 23200, Pakistan; Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon.
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4
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Trinh VH, Nguyen Huu T, Sah DK, Choi JM, Yoon HJ, Park SC, Jung YS, Lee SR. Redox Regulation of PTEN by Reactive Oxygen Species: Its Role in Physiological Processes. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:199. [PMID: 38397797 PMCID: PMC10886030 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13020199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) is a tumor suppressor due to its ability to regulate cell survival, growth, and proliferation by downregulating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. In addition, PTEN plays an essential role in other physiological events associated with cell growth demands, such as ischemia-reperfusion, nerve injury, and immune responsiveness. Therefore, recently, PTEN inhibition has emerged as a potential therapeutic intervention in these situations. Increasing evidence demonstrates that reactive oxygen species (ROS), especially hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), are produced and required for the signaling in many important cellular processes under such physiological conditions. ROS have been shown to oxidize PTEN at the cysteine residue of its active site, consequently inhibiting its function. Herein, we provide an overview of studies that highlight the role of the oxidative inhibition of PTEN in physiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vu Hoang Trinh
- Department of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501190, Republic of Korea; (V.H.T.); (T.N.H.); (D.K.S.); (J.M.C.); (H.J.Y.)
- Department of Oncology, Department of Medical Sciences, Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Thang Nguyen Huu
- Department of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501190, Republic of Korea; (V.H.T.); (T.N.H.); (D.K.S.); (J.M.C.); (H.J.Y.)
| | - Dhiraj Kumar Sah
- Department of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501190, Republic of Korea; (V.H.T.); (T.N.H.); (D.K.S.); (J.M.C.); (H.J.Y.)
| | - Jin Myung Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501190, Republic of Korea; (V.H.T.); (T.N.H.); (D.K.S.); (J.M.C.); (H.J.Y.)
| | - Hyun Joong Yoon
- Department of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501190, Republic of Korea; (V.H.T.); (T.N.H.); (D.K.S.); (J.M.C.); (H.J.Y.)
| | - Sang Chul Park
- The Future Life & Society Research Center, Advanced Institute of Aging Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61469, Republic of Korea;
| | - Yu Seok Jung
- Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501190, Republic of Korea;
| | - Seung-Rock Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501190, Republic of Korea; (V.H.T.); (T.N.H.); (D.K.S.); (J.M.C.); (H.J.Y.)
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5
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Shah SM, Demidova EV, Ringenbach S, Faezov B, Andrake M, Gandhi A, Mur P, Viana-Errasti J, Xiu J, Swensen J, Valle L, Dunbrack RL, Hall MJ, Arora S. Exploring Co-occurring POLE Exonuclease and Non-exonuclease Domain Mutations and Their Impact on Tumor Mutagenicity. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2024; 4:213-225. [PMID: 38282550 PMCID: PMC10812383 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-23-0312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
POLE driver mutations in the exonuclease domain (ExoD driver) are prevalent in several cancers, including colorectal cancer and endometrial cancer, leading to dramatically ultra-high tumor mutation burden (TMB). To understand whether POLE mutations that are not classified as drivers (POLE Variant) contribute to mutagenesis, we assessed TMB in 447 POLE-mutated colorectal cancers, endometrial cancers, and ovarian cancers classified as TMB-high ≥10 mutations/Mb (mut/Mb) or TMB-low <10 mut/Mb. TMB was significantly highest in tumors with "POLE ExoD driver plus POLE Variant" (colorectal cancer and endometrial cancer, P < 0.001; ovarian cancer, P < 0.05). TMB increased with additional POLE variants (P < 0.001), but plateaued at 2, suggesting an association between the presence of these variants and TMB. Integrated analysis of AlphaFold2 POLE models and quantitative stability estimates predicted the impact of multiple POLE variants on POLE functionality. The prevalence of immunogenic neoepitopes was notably higher in the "POLE ExoD driver plus POLE Variant" tumors. Overall, this study reveals a novel correlation between POLE variants in POLE ExoD-driven tumors, and ultra-high TMB. Currently, only select pathogenic ExoD mutations with a reliable association with ultra-high TMB inform clinical practice. Thus, these findings are hypothesis-generating, require functional validation, and could potentially inform tumor classification, treatment responses, and clinical outcomes. SIGNIFICANCE Somatic POLE ExoD driver mutations cause proofreading deficiency that induces high TMB. This study suggests a novel modifier role for POLE variants in POLE ExoD-driven tumors, associated with ultra-high TMB. These data, in addition to future functional studies, may inform tumor classification, therapeutic response, and patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreya M. Shah
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Science Scholars Program, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Elena V. Demidova
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Salena Ringenbach
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania
| | - Bulat Faezov
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russian Federation
- Program in Cancer Signaling and Microenvironment, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Mark Andrake
- Program in Cancer Signaling and Microenvironment, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Arjun Gandhi
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- University College Dublin School of Medicine and Medical Science, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Pilar Mur
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julen Viana-Errasti
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Laura Valle
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roland L. Dunbrack
- Program in Cancer Signaling and Microenvironment, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael J. Hall
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Sanjeevani Arora
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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6
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Danciu OC, Holdhoff M, Peterson RA, Fischer JH, Liu LC, Wang H, Venepalli NK, Chowdhery R, Nicholas MK, Russell MJ, Fan TM, Hergenrother PJ, Tarasow TM, Dudek AZ. Phase I study of procaspase-activating compound-1 (PAC-1) in the treatment of advanced malignancies. Br J Cancer 2023; 128:783-792. [PMID: 36470974 PMCID: PMC9977881 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-022-02089-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Procaspase-3 (PC-3) is overexpressed in multiple tumour types and procaspase-activating compound 1 (PAC-1) directly activates PC-3 and induces apoptosis in cancer cells. This report describes the first-in-human, phase I study of PAC-1 assessing maximum tolerated dose, safety, and pharmacokinetics. METHODS Modified-Fibonacci dose-escalation 3 + 3 design was used. PAC-1 was administered orally at 7 dose levels (DL) on days 1-21 of a 28-day cycle. Dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) was assessed during the first two cycles of therapy, and pharmacokinetics analysis was conducted on days 1 and 21 of the first cycle. Neurologic and neurocognitive function (NNCF) tests were performed throughout the study. RESULTS Forty-eight patients were enrolled with 33 completing ≥2 cycles of therapy and evaluable for DLT. DL 7 (750 mg/day) was established as the recommended phase 2 dose, with grade 1 and 2 neurological adverse events noted, while NNCF testing showed stable neurologic and cognitive evaluations. PAC-1's t1/2 was 28.5 h after multi-dosing, and systemic drug exposures achieved predicted therapeutic concentrations. PAC-1 clinical activity was observed in patients with neuroendocrine tumour (NET) with 2/5 patients achieving durable partial response. CONCLUSIONS PAC-1 dose at 750 mg/day was recommended for phase 2 studies. Activity of PAC-1 in treatment-refractory NET warrants further investigation. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinical Trials.gov: NCT02355535.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oana C Danciu
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Clinical Trials Office, University of Illinois Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Matthias Holdhoff
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - James H Fischer
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Li C Liu
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Heng Wang
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Neeta K Venepalli
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Rozina Chowdhery
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - M Kelly Nicholas
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Meredith J Russell
- Clinical Trials Office, University of Illinois Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Timothy M Fan
- Vanquish Oncology, Inc., Champaign, IL, USA
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA
- Cancer Center at Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Paul J Hergenrother
- Vanquish Oncology, Inc., Champaign, IL, USA
- Cancer Center at Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA
| | | | - Arkadiusz Z Dudek
- HealthPartners Institute, Regions Cancer Care Center, St. Paul, MN, USA
- Vanquish Oncology, Inc., Champaign, IL, USA
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7
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Immune Landscape in PTEN-Related Glioma Microenvironment: A Bioinformatic Analysis. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12040501. [PMID: 35448032 PMCID: PMC9029006 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12040501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: PTEN gene mutations are frequently found in the genetic landscape of high-grade gliomas since they influence cell proliferation, proangiogenetic pathways, and antitumoral immune response. The present bioinformatics analysis explores the PTEN gene expression profile in HGGs as a prognostic factor for survival, especially focusing on the related immune microenvironment. The effects of PTEN mutation on the susceptibility to conventional chemotherapy were also investigated. Methods: Clinical and genetic data of GBMs and normal tissue samples were acquired from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)-GBM and Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) online databases, respectively. The genetic differential expressions were analyzed in both groups via the one-way ANOVA test. Kaplan−Meier survival curves were applied to estimate the overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). The Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer platform was chosen to assess the response of PTEN-mutated GBMs to temozolomide (TMZ). p < 0.05 was fixed as statistically significant. On Tumor Immune Estimation Resource and Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis databases, the linkage between immune cell recruitment and PTEN status was assessed through Spearman’s correlation analysis. Results: PTEN was found mutated in 22.2% of the 617 TCGA-GBMs patients, with a higher log2-transcriptome per million reads compared to the GTEx group (255 samples). Survival curves revealed a worse OS and DFS, albeit not significant, for the high-PTEN profile GBMs. Spearman’s analysis of immune cells demonstrated a strong positive correlation between the PTEN status and infiltration of Treg (ρ = 0.179) and M2 macrophages (ρ = 0.303). The half-maximal inhibitor concentration of TMZ was proven to be lower for PTEN-mutated GBMs compared with PTEN wild-types. Conclusions: PTEN gene mutations prevail in GBMs and are strongly related to poor prognosis and least survival. The infiltrating immune lymphocytes Treg and M2 macrophages populate the glioma microenvironment and control the mechanisms of tumor progression, immune escape, and sensitivity to standard chemotherapy. Broader studies are required to confirm these findings and turn them into new therapeutic perspectives.
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8
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Yang PH, Tao Y, Luo J, Paturu M, Lu HC, Ramkissoon S, Heusel JW, Leuthardt EC, Chicoine MR, Dowling JL, Dunn GP, Duncavage E, Dahiya S, Chattherjee AR, Kim AH. Multivariate analysis of associations between clinical sequencing and outcome in glioblastoma. Neurooncol Adv 2022; 4:vdac002. [PMID: 35156038 PMCID: PMC8826782 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdac002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many factors impact survival in patients with glioblastoma, including age, Karnofsky Performance Status, postoperative chemoradiation, IDH1/2 mutation status, MGMT promoter methylation status, and extent of resection. High-throughput next-generation sequencing is a widely available diagnostic tool, but the independent impact of tumors harboring specific mutant genes on survival and the efficacy of extent of resection are not clear. METHODS We utilized a widely available diagnostic platform (FoundationOne CDx) to perform high-throughput next-generation sequencing on 185 patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma in our tertiary care center. We performed multivariate analysis to control for clinical parameters with known impact on survival to elucidate the independent prognostic value of prevalent mutant genes and the independent impact of gross total resection. RESULTS When controlling for factors with known prognostic significance including IDH1/2 mutation and after multiple comparisons analysis, CDKN2B and EGFR mutations were associated with reduced overall survival while PTEN mutation was associated with improved overall survival. Gross total resection, compared to other extent of resection, was associated with improved overall survival in patients with tumors harboring mutations in CDKN2A, CDKN2B, EGFR, PTEN, TERT promoter, and TP53. All patients possessed at least one of these 6 mutant genes. CONCLUSIONS This study verifies the independent prognostic value of several mutant genes in glioblastoma. Six commonly found mutant genes were associated with improved survival when gross total resection was achieved. Thus, even when accounting for known predictors of survival and multiple mutant gene comparisons, extent of resection continues to be strongly associated with survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter H Yang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Yu Tao
- Department of Surgery, Public Health Sciences Division, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jingqin Luo
- Department of Surgery, Public Health Sciences Division, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Mounica Paturu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Hsiang-Chih Lu
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | | | - Jonathan W Heusel
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Eric C Leuthardt
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,Brain Tumor Center, Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Michael R Chicoine
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,Brain Tumor Center, Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Joshua L Dowling
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,Brain Tumor Center, Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Gavin P Dunn
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,Brain Tumor Center, Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Eric Duncavage
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Sonika Dahiya
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Arindam R Chattherjee
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Albert H Kim
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,Brain Tumor Center, Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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9
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Rose M, Cardon T, Aboulouard S, Hajjaji N, Kobeissy F, Duhamel M, Fournier I, Salzet M. Surfaceome Proteomic of Glioblastoma Revealed Potential Targets for Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2021; 12:746168. [PMID: 34646273 PMCID: PMC8503648 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.746168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and devastating malignant brain tumor in adults. The mortality rate is very high despite different treatments. New therapeutic targets are therefore highly needed. Cell-surface proteins represent attractive targets due to their accessibility, their involvement in essential signaling pathways, and their dysregulated expression in cancer. Moreover, they are potential targets for CAR-based immunotherapy or mRNA vaccine strategies. In this context, we investigated the GBM-associated surfaceome by comparing it to astrocytes cell line surfaceome to identify new specific targets for GBM. For this purpose, biotinylation of cell surface proteins has been carried out in GBM and astrocytes cell lines. Biotinylated proteins were purified on streptavidin beads and analyzed by shotgun proteomics. Cell surface proteins were identified with Cell Surface Proteins Atlas (CSPA) and Gene Ontology enrichment. Among all the surface proteins identified in the different cell lines we have confirmed the expression of 66 of these in patient’s glioblastoma using spatial proteomic guided by MALDI-mass spectrometry. Moreover, 87 surface proteins overexpressed or exclusive in GBM cell lines have been identified. Among these, we found 11 specific potential targets for GBM including 5 mutated proteins such as RELL1, CYBA, EGFR, and MHC I proteins. Matching with drugs and clinical trials databases revealed that 7 proteins were druggable and under evaluation, 3 proteins have no known drug interaction yet and none of them are the mutated form of the identified proteins. Taken together, we discovered potential targets for immune therapy strategies in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Rose
- Université Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1192, Laboratoire Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire et Spectrométrie de Masse (PRISM), Lille, France
| | - Tristan Cardon
- Université Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1192, Laboratoire Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire et Spectrométrie de Masse (PRISM), Lille, France
| | - Soulaimane Aboulouard
- Université Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1192, Laboratoire Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire et Spectrométrie de Masse (PRISM), Lille, France
| | - Nawale Hajjaji
- Université Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1192, Laboratoire Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire et Spectrométrie de Masse (PRISM), Lille, France.,Breast Cancer Unit, Oscar Lambret Center, Lille, France
| | - Firas Kobeissy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Marie Duhamel
- Université Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1192, Laboratoire Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire et Spectrométrie de Masse (PRISM), Lille, France
| | - Isabelle Fournier
- Université Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1192, Laboratoire Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire et Spectrométrie de Masse (PRISM), Lille, France.,Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Michel Salzet
- Université Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1192, Laboratoire Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire et Spectrométrie de Masse (PRISM), Lille, France.,Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
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10
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Mrowczynski OD, Yang AL, Liao J, Rizk E. The Potential of Glioblastoma Patient Symptoms to Diagnose and Predict Survival. Cureus 2021; 13:e16675. [PMID: 34462698 PMCID: PMC8389861 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.16675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is a devastating malignancy with a dismal survival rate and median survival time of 14 months. Currently, the biomarkers for glioblastoma are mostly molecular and include EGFRvIII, ATRX, PTEN, IDH1, MGMT, and others. These prognostic tumor biomarkers are obtained through a surgical biopsy and thus are not easily attainable. Clinicians would benefit from a robust, non-invasive, and readily available indicator for early diagnosis and accurate prognostication for glioblastoma patients. In this study, we assessed whether specific patient symptoms could provide an early diagnosis of glioblastoma. Further, we also assessed if any patient symptomatology could provide clinicians with the ability to prognosticate patient survival more accurately. We retrospectively reviewed the clinical data for 218 patients. We determined whether symptoms including headache, weakness, seizure, memory loss/confusion, visual changes, speech changes, and loss of consciousness led to a patient being diagnosed earlier and if any of these symptoms predicted diminished patient survival. Our study determined that weakness and memory loss/confusion were the symptoms that predicted diminished survival, and weakness alone was the symptom that predicted an earlier diagnosis. This study further elucidates the complexities of glioblastoma and provides clinicians with more data for their patients when discussing prognostication after diagnosis of glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ae L Yang
- Neurosurgery, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, USA
| | - Jiangang Liao
- Public Health Sciences, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, USA
| | - Elias Rizk
- Neurological Surgery, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, USA
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11
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Moriconi C, Civita P, Neto C, Pilkington GJ, Gumbleton M. Caveolin-1, a Key Mediator Across Multiple Pathways in Glioblastoma and an Independent Negative Biomarker of Patient Survival. Front Oncol 2021; 11:701933. [PMID: 34490102 PMCID: PMC8417742 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.701933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GB) remains an aggressive malignancy with an extremely poor prognosis. Discovering new candidate drug targets for GB remains an unmet medical need. Caveolin-1 (Cav-1) has been shown to act variously as both a tumour suppressor and tumour promoter in many cancers. The implications of Cav-1 expression in GB remains poorly understood. Using clinical and genomic databases we examined the relationship between tumour Cav-1 gene expression (including its spatial distribution) and clinical pathological parameters of the GB tumour and survival probability in a TCGA cohort (n=155) and CGGA cohort (n=220) of GB patients. High expression of Cav-1 represented a significant independent predictor of shortened survival (HR = 2.985, 5.1 vs 14.9 months) with a greater statistically significant impact in female patients and in the Proneural and Mesenchymal GB subtypes. High Cav-1 expression correlated with other factors associated with poor prognosis: IDH w/t status, high histological tumour grade and low KPS score. A total of 4879 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the GB tumour were found to correlate with Cav-1 expression (either positively or negatively). Pathway enrichment analysis highlighted an over-representation of these DEGs to certain biological pathways. Focusing on those that lie within a framework of epithelial to mesenchymal transition and tumour cell migration and invasion we identified 27 of these DEGs. We then examined the prognostic value of Cav-1 when used in combination with any of these 27 genes and identified a subset of combinations (with Cav-1) indicative of co-operative synergistic mechanisms of action. Overall, the work has confirmed Cav-1 can serve as an independent prognostic marker in GB, but also augment prognosis when used in combination with a panel of biomarkers or clinicopathologic parameters. Moreover, Cav-1 appears to be linked to many signalling entities within the GB tumour and as such this work begins to substantiate Cav-1 or its associated signalling partners as candidate target for GB new drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Moriconi
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, United States
| | - Prospero Civita
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Brain Tumour Research Centre, School of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
| | - Catia Neto
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Geoffrey J. Pilkington
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Brain Tumour Research Centre, School of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry & Neurology, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Gumbleton
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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12
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Gu X, Zhou L, Chen L, Pan H, Zhao R, Guang W, Wan G, Zhang P, Liu D, Deng LL, Zhao W, Lu C. Human Schlafen 5 Inhibits Proliferation and Promotes Apoptosis in Lung Adenocarcinoma via the PTEN/PI3K/AKT/mTOR Pathway. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:6628682. [PMID: 33860045 PMCID: PMC8009730 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6628682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human Schlafen 5 (SLFN5) is reported to inhibit or promote the proliferation of several specific types of cancer cells by our lab and other researchers. We are curious about its implications in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAC), a malignant tumor with a high incidence rate and high mortality. METHOD Lentiviral stable transfections of SLFN5-specific shRNA for knockdown and SLFN5 full-length coding sequence for overexpression were performed in LUAC cell for proliferation analysis in vitro and in vivo in nude mice. Clinical LUAC samples were collected for immunohistochemical analysis of SLFN5 protein levels. RESULTS We found that knockdown of endogenous SLFN5 upregulates cancer cell proliferation while inhibiting apoptosis. Besides, SLFN5 inhibition on proliferation was also observed in a nude mouse xenograft model. In contrast, overexpression of exogenous SLFN5 inhibited cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo and promoted apoptosis. As to the signaling pathway, we found phosphatase and tensin homolog on chromosome 10 (PTEN) was positively regulated by SLFN5, while its downstream signaling pathway AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) was inhibited. Moreover, compared with adjacent normal tissues, SLFN5 protein levels were markedly decreased in lung adenocarcinoma tissues. In conclusion, these suggest that human SLFN5 plays inhibitory roles in LUAC progression through the PTEN/PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, providing a potential target for developing drugs for lung cancer therapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Gu
- Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Science Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Science Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Science Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huiqing Pan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Zhao
- Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Science Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiwei Guang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoqing Wan
- Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Science Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Dingsheng Liu
- Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Science Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Li Deng
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Weiming Zhao
- Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Changlian Lu
- Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Science Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
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13
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Jin Z, Piao L, Sun G, Lv C, Jing Y, Jin R. Long Non-Coding RNA PART1 Exerts Tumor Suppressive Functions in Glioma via Sponging miR-190a-3p and Inactivation of PTEN/AKT Pathway. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:1073-1086. [PMID: 32099409 PMCID: PMC7007780 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s232848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glioma is the most commonly diagnosed primary brain tumor. Dysregulation of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) is associated with initiation and development of various cancer types including glioma. Methods The relative expression of lncRNA was analyzed by real time-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Cell counting kit (CCK-8) and flow cytometry analysis were applied to explore the role of prostate androgen-regulated transcript 1 (PART1) in glioma cell lines. Luciferase reporter assay, Western blotting and RT-qPCR were used to investigate the association between PART1, miR-190a-3p and phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN) in glioma cell lines. Results In the present study, we elucidated a pivotal role and molecular mechanism of lncRNA PART1 in glioma cell lines. It was found that PART1 was significantly downregulated in glioma tissues compared to normal tissues according to TCGA data and our RT-qPCR results. The cell-based assays showed that PART1 suppressed cell proliferation and triggered cell apoptosis in glioma cell lines. PART1 inactivated PI3K/AKT cascade in glioma cell lines. Transfection of constitutively activated AKT (Myr-AKT) reversed PART1 induced cell apoptosis and cell growth arrest. The bioinformatic analysis suggested that miR-190a-3p might bind to PART1. In the dual luciferase reporter assay, we validated that PART1 directly bound to miR-190a-3p in glioma cell lines. Furthermore, there was a reciprocal repression between PART1 and miR-190-3p. In addition, PART1 upregulated PTEN and inactivated PI3K/AKT pathway in glioma cell lines. Moreover, silencing of PTEN reversed PART1 overexpression induced cell growth arrest and apoptosis. In glioma tissues, the Pearson Correlation analysis showed that there was a strong-positive correlation between PART1 level and PTEN mRNA level. Conclusion Taken together, the current study revealed a PART1/miR-190a-3p/PTEN/PI3K/AKT axis in glioma and provided novel insights for understanding the complex lncRNA-miRNA network in glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Jin
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Lianhua Piao
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangchao Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanxiang Lv
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Jing
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Rihua Jin
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, People's Republic of China
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14
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miR-548x and miR-4698 controlled cell proliferation by affecting the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in Glioblastoma cell lines. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1558. [PMID: 32005873 PMCID: PMC6994486 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-57588-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive and prevalent form of brain tumor cancers that originate from glial cells. This study proposed to investigate the effect of miR-548x and miR-4698 on the proliferation and the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in glioblastoma cell lines. The molecular features of glioblastoma were studied using KEGG and TCGA sites. Next, by using miRwalk 2.0 and TargetScan version 7.1, the microRNAs that target critical genes in the PI3k/AKT pathway were selected according to score. The pre-miR-548x and pre-miR-4698 were cloned in a pCDH plasmid to produced lentiviral vector. The expression levels of miR-548x, miR-4698 and target genes were detected by qRT-PCR. The MTT, cell cycle, annexin and colony formation assay was used to detect the cell proliferation. MiR-548x and miR-4698 predicted target genes (Rheb, AKT1, mTOR, PDK1) were also evaluated by luciferase assay. The expression of AKT was detected by western blotting. Our results described that overexpression of miR-548x and miR-4698 could inhibit proliferation of A-172 and U251 cells. Also, miR-548x promoted the cell cycle arrest of GBM cell lines. The luciferase reporter assay results showed the 3′ UTR of PDK1, RHEB, and mTOR are direct targets of the miR-548x and miR-4698. Too, the western blot analysis revealed that miR-548x and miR-4698 could downregulate the AKT1 protein expression. Overall, our findings suggest that miR-548x and miR-4698 could function as tumor suppressor genes in glioblastoma by controlling the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and may act as gene therapy for clinical treatment of glioblastoma multiforme.
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15
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Boudreau MW, Peh J, Hergenrother PJ. Procaspase-3 Overexpression in Cancer: A Paradoxical Observation with Therapeutic Potential. ACS Chem Biol 2019; 14:2335-2348. [PMID: 31260254 PMCID: PMC6858495 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.9b00338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Many anticancer strategies rely on the promotion of apoptosis in cancer cells as a means to shrink tumors. Crucial for apoptotic function are executioner caspases, most notably caspase-3, that proteolyze a variety of proteins, inducing cell death. Paradoxically, overexpression of procaspase-3 (PC-3), the low-activity zymogen precursor to caspase-3, has been reported in a variety of cancer types. Until recently, this counterintuitive overexpression of a pro-apoptotic protein in cancer has been puzzling. Recent studies suggest subapoptotic caspase-3 activity may promote oncogenic transformation, a possible explanation for the enigmatic overexpression of PC-3. Herein, the overexpression of PC-3 in cancer and its mechanistic basis is reviewed; collectively, the data suggest the potential for exploitation of PC-3 overexpression with PC-3 activators as a targeted anticancer strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew W. Boudreau
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States
| | - Jessie Peh
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States
| | - Paul J. Hergenrother
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States
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16
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Shaji SK, Sunilkumar D, Mahalakshmi NV, Kumar GB, Nair BG. Analysis of microarray data for identification of key microRNA signatures in glioblastoma multiforme. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:1938-1948. [PMID: 31423264 PMCID: PMC6614686 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most malignant types of glioma known for its reduced survival rate and rapid relapse. Previous studies have shown that the expression patterns of different microRNAs (miRNA/miR) play a crucial role in the development and progression of GBM. In order to identify potential miRNA signatures of GBM for prognostic and therapeutic purposes, we downloaded and analyzed two expression data sets from Gene Expression Omnibus profiling miRNA patterns of GBM compared with normal brain tissues. Validated targets of the deregulated miRNAs were identified using MirTarBase, and were mapped to Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins, Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes databases in order to construct interaction networks and identify enriched pathways of target genes. A total of 6 miRNAs were found to be deregulated in both expression datasets studied. Pathway analysis demonstrated that most of the target genes were enriched in signaling cascades connected to cancer development, such as ‘Pathways in cancer’, ‘Focal adhesion’ and ‘PI3K-Akt signaling pathway’. Of the five target genes that were enriched in the glioblastoma pathway, in the WikiPathway database, both HRas proto-oncogene, GTPase and MET proto-oncogene, receptor tyrosine kinase target genes of hsa-miR-139-5p, were found to be significantly associated with patient survival. The present study may thus form the basis for further exploration of hsa-miR-139-5p, not only as a therapeutic agent, but also as a diagnostic biomarker for GBM as well as a predictive marker for patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanu K Shaji
- School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kollam, Kerala 690525, India
| | - Damu Sunilkumar
- School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kollam, Kerala 690525, India
| | - N V Mahalakshmi
- School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kollam, Kerala 690525, India
| | - Geetha B Kumar
- School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kollam, Kerala 690525, India
| | - Bipin G Nair
- School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kollam, Kerala 690525, India
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17
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Aghajani M, Mansoori B, Mohammadi A, Asadzadeh Z, Baradaran B. New emerging roles of CD133 in cancer stem cell: Signaling pathway and miRNA regulation. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:21642-21661. [PMID: 31102292 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSC) are rare immortal cells within a tumor that are able to initiate tumor progression, development, and resistance. Advances studies show that, like normal stem cells, CSCs can be both self-renewed and given rise to many cell types, therefore form tumors. A number of cell surface markers, such as CD44, CD24, and CD133 are frequently used to identify CSCs. CD133, a transmembrane glycoprotein, either alone or in collaboration with other markers, has been mainly considered to identify CSCs from different solid tumors. However, the exactness of CD133 as a cancer stem cell biomarker has not been approved yet. The clinical importance of CD133 is as a CSC marker in many cancers. Also, it contributes to shorter survival, tumor progression, and tumor recurrence. The expression of CD133 is controlled by many extracellular or intracellular factors, such as tumor microenvironment, epigenetic factors, signaling pathways, and miRNAs. In this study, it was attempted to determine: 1) CD133 function; 2) the role of CD133 in cancer; 3) CD133 regulation; 4) the therapeutic role of CD133 in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Aghajani
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behzad Mansoori
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Ali Mohammadi
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Zahra Asadzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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18
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Liu Y, Yang EJ, Zhang B, Miao Z, Wu C, Lyu J, Tan K, Poon TCW, Shim JS. PTEN deficiency confers colorectal cancer cell resistance to dual inhibitors of FLT3 and aurora kinase A. Cancer Lett 2018; 436:28-37. [PMID: 30118842 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PTEN is a tumor suppressor found mutated in many cancers. From a synthetic lethality drug screen with PTEN-isogenic colorectal cancer cells, we found that mutant-PTEN cells were resistant to dual inhibitors of FLT3 and aurora kinase-A, including KW2449 and ENMD-2076. KW2449 significantly reduced the viability of wildtype-PTEN cells causing apoptosis, while little effect was observed in mutant-PTEN counterparts. Transcriptome profiling showed that members of PI3K-AKT signaling pathway were strongly changed in cells after KW2449 treatment, indicating a potential role of the pathway in drug resistance. We found that KW2449 caused a dose-dependent, biphasic induction of AKT phosphorylation at Ser473 in mutant-PTEN cells. Co-treatment with the inhibitors of its upstream signaling completely abolished the reactivation of AKT phosphorylation by KW2449 and reversed the drug resistant phenotype. These data suggest that reactivation of AKT phosphorylation at Ser473 is a key factor to confer drug resistant phenotype of mutant-PTEN cells to the dual inhibitors and that proper drug combinations that shut down AKT reactivation is necessary for the effective treatment of mutant-PTEN cancer with the dual inhibitors in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Liu
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, 999078, Macau SAR, China
| | - Eun Ju Yang
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, 999078, Macau SAR, China
| | - Baoyuan Zhang
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, 999078, Macau SAR, China
| | - Zhengqiang Miao
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, 999078, Macau SAR, China
| | - Changjie Wu
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, 999078, Macau SAR, China
| | - Junfang Lyu
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, 999078, Macau SAR, China
| | - Kaeling Tan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, 999078, Macau SAR, China
| | - Terence Chuen Wai Poon
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, 999078, Macau SAR, China
| | - Joong Sup Shim
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, 999078, Macau SAR, China.
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19
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Suhaimi SS, Ab Mutalib NS, Khor SS, Zain RRM, Syafruddin SE, Abu N, Mohd Dali AZH, Jamal R. Targeted Next-Generation Sequencing Identifies Actionable Targets in Estrogen Receptor Positive and Estrogen Receptor Negative Endometriod Endometrial Cancer. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:750. [PMID: 30057548 PMCID: PMC6053487 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometrioid endometrial cancer (EEC) is the commonest form of endometrial cancer and can be divided into estrogen receptor (ER) positive and negative subtypes. The mutational profiles of EEC have been shown to aid in tailoring treatment; however, little is known about the differences between the gene mutation profiles between these two subtypes. This study aims to investigate the gene mutation profile in ER positive and negative EEC, and to further elucidate the role of WHSC1 mutations in this cancer. EEC and normal endometrial tissues were obtained from 29 patients and subjected to next-generation sequencing (NGS) using Ion Ampliseq Comprehensive Cancer PanelTM targeting 409 cancer related. A total of 741 non-synonymous alterations were identified from 272 genes in ER positive subtype while 448 non-synonymous variants were identified from 221 genes in ER negative subtype. PTEN is the most frequently altered gene in ER positive subtype (64%, 7/11) while ARID1A is the most frequently altered gene in ER negative subtype (50%, 4/8). We also identified alterations in ERRB3 (36%, 4/11), GNAS (36%, 4/11), and WHSC1 (27%, 3/11) in the ER positive subtype. WHSC1 R1126H and L1268P were shown to significantly increase cell viability, proliferation, migration, and survival. In addition, reduction in ER expression sensitized EEC-1 cell with WHSC1 L1268P mutant to Fulvestrant treatment. We revealed the mutational spectra of ER positive and ER negative EEC that could lead to better understanding of the biological mechanisms of endometrial cancer and may ultimately result in improvement of treatment options and patient prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti Syazani Suhaimi
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Medical Center, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nurul-Syakima Ab Mutalib
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Medical Center, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Reena Rahayu Md Zain
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Saiful Effendi Syafruddin
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Medical Center, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nadiah Abu
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Medical Center, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Zailani Hatta Mohd Dali
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rahman Jamal
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Medical Center, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Mrowczynski OD, Bourcier AJ, Liao J, Langan ST, Specht CS, Rizk EB. The predictive potential of hyponatremia for glioblastoma patient survival. J Neurooncol 2018; 138:99-104. [DOI: 10.1007/s11060-018-2774-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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PDGF Family Expression in Glioblastoma Multiforme: Data Compilation from Ivy Glioblastoma Atlas Project Database. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15271. [PMID: 29127351 PMCID: PMC5681588 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15045-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) is the most frequent and lethal primary brain cancer. Due to its therapeutic resistance and aggressiveness, its clinical management is challenging. Platelet-derived Growth Factor (PDGF) genes have been enrolled as drivers of this tumour progression as well as potential therapeutic targets. As detailed understanding of the expression pattern of PDGF system in the context of GBM intra- and intertumoral heterogeneity is lacking in the literature, this study aims at characterising PDGF expression in different histologically-defined GBM regions as well as investigating correlation of these genes expression with parameters related to poor prognosis. Z-score normalised expression values of PDGF subunits from multiple slices of 36 GBMs, alongside with clinical and genomic data on those GBMs patients, were compiled from Ivy Glioblastoma Atlas Project – Allen Institute for Brain Science data sets. PDGF subunits show differential expression over distinct regions of GBM and PDGF family is heterogeneously expressed among different brain lobes affected by GBM. Further, PDGF family expression correlates with bad prognosis factors: age at GBM diagnosis, Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog deletion and Isocitrate Dehydrogenase 1 mutation. These findings may aid on clinical management of GBM and development of targeted curative therapies against this devastating tumour.
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Frequency and clinical significance of chromosome 7 and 10 aneuploidies, amplification of the EGFR gene, deletion of PTEN and TP53 genes, and 1p/19q deficiency in a sample of adult patients diagnosed with glioblastoma from Southern Brazil. J Neurooncol 2017; 135:465-472. [PMID: 28856550 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-017-2606-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma stands out as the most frequent central nervous system neoplasia, presenting a poor prognosis. The aim of this study was to verify the frequency and clinical significance of the aneuploidy of chromosomes 7 and 10, EGFR amplification, PTEN and TP53 deletions and 1p/19q deficiency in adult patients diagnosed with glioblastoma. The sample consisted of 40 patients treated from November 2011 to March 2015 at two major neurosurgery services from Southern Brazil. Molecular cytogenetic analyses of the tumor were performed through fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). The clinical features evaluated consisted of age, sex, tumor location, clinical symptoms, family history of cancer, type of resection and survival. The mean age of the patients was 59.3 years (ranged from 41 to 83). Most of them were males (70%). The median survival was 145 days. Chromosome 10 monosomy was detected in 52.5% of the patients, chromosome 7 polysomy in 50%, EGFR amplification in 42.5%, PTEN deletion in 35%, TP53 deletion in 22.5%, 1p deletion in 5% and 19q deletion in 7.5%. Age was shown to be a prognostic factor, and patients with lower age presented higher survival (p = 0.042). TP53 and PTEN deletions had a negative impact on survival (p = 0.011 and p = 0.037, respectively). Our data suggest that TP53 and PTEN deletions may be associated with a poorer prognosis. These findings may have importance over prognosis determination and choice of the therapy to be administered.
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Phosphatases and solid tumors: focus on glioblastoma initiation, progression and recurrences. Biochem J 2017; 474:2903-2924. [PMID: 28801478 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20170112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Phosphatases and cancer have been related for many years now, as these enzymes regulate key cellular functions, including cell survival, migration, differentiation and proliferation. Dysfunctions or mutations affecting these enzymes have been demonstrated to be key factors for oncogenesis. The aim of this review is to shed light on the role of four different phosphatases (PTEN, PP2A, CDC25 and DUSP1) in five different solid tumors (breast cancer, lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, prostate cancer and ovarian cancer), in order to better understand the most frequent and aggressive primary cancer of the central nervous system, glioblastoma.
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Lakin N, Rulach R, Nowicki S, Kurian KM. Current Advances in Checkpoint Inhibitors: Lessons from Non-Central Nervous System Cancers and Potential for Glioblastoma. Front Oncol 2017; 7:141. [PMID: 28730140 PMCID: PMC5498463 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2017.00141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The adaptive immune system depends on the sequence of antigen presentation, activation, and then inhibition to mount a proportionate response to a threat. Tumors evade the immune response partly by suppressing T-cell activity using immune checkpoints. The use of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4), programmed cell death 1 (PD-1), and programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) antibodies counteract this suppression, thereby enhancing the antitumor activity of the immune system. This approach has proven efficacy in melanoma, renal cancer, and lung cancer. There is growing evidence that the central nervous system is accessible to the immune system in the diseased state. Moreover, glioblastomas (GBMs) attract CTLA-4-expressing T-cells and express PD-L1, which inhibit activation and continuation of a cytotoxic T-cell response, respectively. This may contribute to the evasion of the host immune response by GBM. Trials are in progress to determine if checkpoint inhibitors will be of benefit in GBM. Radiotherapy could also be helpful in promoting inflammation, enhancing the immunogenicity of tumors, disrupting the blood–brain barrier and creating greater antigen release. The combination of radiotherapy and checkpoint inhibitors has been promising in preclinical trials but is yet to show efficacy in humans. In this review, we summarize the mechanism and current evidence for checkpoint inhibitors in gliomas and other solid tumors, examine the rationale of combining radiotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors, and discuss the potential benefits and pitfalls of this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Lakin
- Brain Tumour Research Group, Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, Level 1, Learning and Research Building, Southmead Hospital, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Rulach
- The Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Stefan Nowicki
- The Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Kathreena M Kurian
- Brain Tumour Research Group, Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, Level 1, Learning and Research Building, Southmead Hospital, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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Redox Regulation of the Tumor Suppressor PTEN by Hydrogen Peroxide and Tert-Butyl Hydroperoxide. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18050982. [PMID: 28489026 PMCID: PMC5454895 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18050982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Organic peroxides and hydroperoxides are skin tumor promoters. Free radical derivatives from these compounds are presumed to be the prominent mediators of tumor promotion. However, the molecular targets of these species are unknown. Phosphatase and tensin homologs deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) are tumor suppressors that play important roles in cell growth, proliferation, and cell survival by negative regulation of phosphoinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B signaling. PTEN is reversibly oxidized in various cells by exogenous and endogenous hydrogen peroxide. Oxidized PTEN is converted back to the reduced form by cellular reducing agents, predominantly by the thioredoxin (Trx) system. Here, the role of tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP) in redox regulation of PTEN was analyzed by using cell-based and in vitro assays. Exposure to t-BHP led to oxidation of recombinant PTEN. In contrast to H2O2, PTEN oxidation by t-BHP was irreversible in HeLa cells. However, oxidized PTEN was reduced by exogenous Trx system. Taken together, these results indicate that t-BHP induces PTEN oxidation and inhibits Trx system, which results in irreversible PTEN oxidation in HeLa cells. Collectively, these results suggest a novel mechanism of t-BHP in the promotion of tumorigenesis.
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Kim E, Ilic N, Shrestha Y, Zou L, Kamburov A, Zhu C, Yang X, Lubonja R, Tran N, Nguyen C, Lawrence MS, Piccioni F, Bagul M, Doench JG, Chouinard CR, Wu X, Hogstrom L, Natoli T, Tamayo P, Horn H, Corsello SM, Lage K, Root DE, Subramanian A, Golub TR, Getz G, Boehm JS, Hahn WC. Systematic Functional Interrogation of Rare Cancer Variants Identifies Oncogenic Alleles. Cancer Discov 2016; 6:714-26. [PMID: 27147599 PMCID: PMC4930723 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-16-0160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Cancer genome characterization efforts now provide an initial view of the somatic alterations in primary tumors. However, most point mutations occur at low frequency, and the function of these alleles remains undefined. We have developed a scalable systematic approach to interrogate the function of cancer-associated gene variants. We subjected 474 mutant alleles curated from 5,338 tumors to pooled in vivo tumor formation assays and gene expression profiling. We identified 12 transforming alleles, including two in genes (PIK3CB, POT1) that have not been shown to be tumorigenic. One rare KRAS allele, D33E, displayed tumorigenicity and constitutive activation of known RAS effector pathways. By comparing gene expression changes induced upon expression of wild-type and mutant alleles, we inferred the activity of specific alleles. Because alleles found to be mutated only once in 5,338 tumors rendered cells tumorigenic, these observations underscore the value of integrating genomic information with functional studies. SIGNIFICANCE Experimentally inferring the functional status of cancer-associated mutations facilitates the interpretation of genomic information in cancer. Pooled in vivo screen and gene expression profiling identified functional variants and demonstrated that expression of rare variants induced tumorigenesis. Variant phenotyping through functional studies will facilitate defining key somatic events in cancer. Cancer Discov; 6(7); 714-26. ©2016 AACR.See related commentary by Cho and Collisson, p. 694This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 681.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eejung Kim
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nina Ilic
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Lihua Zou
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Cancer Center and Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Atanas Kamburov
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Cancer Center and Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Cong Zhu
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Xiaoping Yang
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Rakela Lubonja
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Nancy Tran
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Cindy Nguyen
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Mukta Bagul
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - John G Doench
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | - Xiaoyun Wu
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Larson Hogstrom
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Ted Natoli
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Pablo Tamayo
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Heiko Horn
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Steven M Corsello
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kasper Lage
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David E Root
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | - Todd R Golub
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Gad Getz
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Cancer Center and Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jesse S Boehm
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - William C Hahn
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.
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Erasimus H, Gobin M, Niclou S, Van Dyck E. DNA repair mechanisms and their clinical impact in glioblastoma. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2016; 769:19-35. [PMID: 27543314 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2016.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Despite surgical resection and genotoxic treatment with ionizing radiation and the DNA alkylating agent temozolomide, glioblastoma remains one of the most lethal cancers, due in great part to the action of DNA repair mechanisms that drive resistance and tumor relapse. Understanding the molecular details of these mechanisms and identifying potential pharmacological targets have emerged as vital tasks to improve treatment. In this review, we introduce the various cellular systems and animal models that are used in studies of DNA repair in glioblastoma. We summarize recent progress in our knowledge of the pathways and factors involved in the removal of DNA lesions induced by ionizing radiation and temozolomide. We introduce the therapeutic strategies relying on DNA repair inhibitors that are currently being tested in vitro or in clinical trials, and present the challenges raised by drug delivery across the blood brain barrier as well as new opportunities in this field. Finally, we review the genetic and epigenetic alterations that help shape the DNA repair makeup of glioblastoma cells, and discuss their potential therapeutic impact and implications for personalized therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Erasimus
- NORLUX Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), 84 Val Fleuri, L-1526 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Matthieu Gobin
- NORLUX Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), 84 Val Fleuri, L-1526 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Simone Niclou
- NORLUX Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), 84 Val Fleuri, L-1526 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Eric Van Dyck
- NORLUX Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), 84 Val Fleuri, L-1526 Luxembourg, Luxembourg.
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Han F, Hu R, Yang H, Liu J, Sui J, Xiang X, Wang F, Chu L, Song S. PTEN gene mutations correlate to poor prognosis in glioma patients: a meta-analysis. Onco Targets Ther 2016; 9:3485-92. [PMID: 27366085 PMCID: PMC4913532 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s99942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We conducted this meta-analysis based on eligible trials to investigate the relationship between phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) genetic mutation and glioma patients' survival. METHODS PubMed, Web of Science, and EMBASE were searched for eligible studies regarding the relationship between PTEN genetic mutation and glioma patients' survival. The primary outcome was the overall survival of glioma patient with or without PTEN genetic mutation, and second outcome was prognostic factors for the survival of glioma patient. A fixed-effects or random-effects model was used to pool the estimates according to the heterogeneity among the included studies. RESULTS Nine cohort studies, involving 1,173 patients, were included in this meta-analysis. Pooled results suggested that glioma patients with PTEN genetic mutation had a significant shorter overall survival than those without PTEN genetic mutation (hazard ratio [HR] =2.23, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.35, 3.67; P=0.002). Furthermore, subgroup analysis indicated that this association was only observed in American patients (HR =2.19, 95% CI: 1.23, 3.89; P=0.008), but not in Chinese patients (HR =1.44, 95% CI: 0.29, 7.26; P=0.657). Histopathological grade (HR =1.42, 95% CI: 0.07, 28.41; P=0.818), age (HR =0.94, 95% CI: 0.43, 2.04; P=0.877), and sex (HR =1.28, 95% CI: 0.55, 2.98; P=0.564) were not significant prognostic factors for the survival of patients with glioma. CONCLUSION Current evidence indicates that PTEN genetic mutation is associated with poor prognosis in glioma patients. However, this finding is derived from data in observational studies, potentially subject to selection bias, and hence well conducted, high-quality randomized controlled trials are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Hu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianmei Sui
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Xiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Liangzhao Chu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shibin Song
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
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Yang J, Gong X, Ouyang L, He W, Xiao R, Tan L. PREX2 promotes the proliferation, invasion and migration of pancreatic cancer cells by modulating the PI3K signaling pathway. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:1139-1143. [PMID: 27446408 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate-dependent Rac exchanger factor 2 (PREX2) is a novel regulator of the small guanosine triphosphatase Rac, and has been observed to be implicated in human cancer by inhibiting the activity of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), thus upregulating the activity of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway. However, the exact role of PREX2 in pancreatic cancer has not been reported to date. In the present study, the expression levels of PREX2 were observed to be frequently increased in pancreatic cancer specimens compared with those in their matched adjacent normal tissues. In addition, PREX2 expression was also frequently upregulated in several pancreatic cancer cell lines, including AsPC-1, BxPC-3, PANC-1 and CFAPC-1, compared with that in the normal pancreatic epithelial cell line HPC-Y5. Overexpression of PREX2 significantly promoted the proliferation, invasion and migration of pancreatic cancer PANC-1 cells, while small interfering RNA-induced knockdown of PREX2 expression significantly inhibited the proliferation, invasion and migration of these cells. Investigation of the molecular mechanism revealed that the overexpression of PREX2 upregulated the phosphorylation levels of PTEN, indicating that the activity of PTEN was reduced, which further increased the phosphorylation levels of AKT, which indicated that the activity of the PI3K signaling pathway was upregulated. By contrast, knockdown of PREX2 upregulated the activity of PTEN and inhibited the activity of the PI3K signaling pathway. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that PREX2 regulates the proliferation, invasion and migration of pancreatic cancer cells, probably at least via modulation of the activity of PTEN and the PI3K signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyi Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Xuejun Gong
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Lu Ouyang
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Wen He
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Rou Xiao
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Li Tan
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
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Rajan TS, De Nicola GR, Iori R, Rollin P, Bramanti P, Mazzon E. Anticancer activity of glucomoringin isothiocyanate in human malignant astrocytoma cells. Fitoterapia 2016; 110:1-7. [PMID: 26882972 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2016.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Revised: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Isothiocyanates (ITCs) released from their glucosinolate precursors have been shown to inhibit tumorigenesis and they have received significant attention as potential chemotherapeutic agents against cancer. Astrocytoma grade IV is the most frequent and most malignant primary brain tumor in adults without any curative treatment. New therapeutic drugs are therefore urgently required. In the present study, we investigated the in vitro antitumor activity of the glycosylated isothiocyanate moringin [4-(α-l-rhamnopyranosyloxy)benzyl isothiocyanate] produced from quantitative myrosinase-induced hydrolysis of glucomoringin (GMG) under neutral pH value. We have evaluated the potency of moringin on apoptosis induction and cell death in human astrocytoma grade IV CCF-STTG1 cells. Moringin showed to be effective in inducing apoptosis through p53 and Bax activation and Bcl-2 inhibition. In addition, oxidative stress related Nrf2 transcription factor and its upstream regulator CK2 alpha expressions were modulated at higher doses, which indicated the involvement of oxidative stress-mediated apoptosis induced by moringin. Moreover, significant reduction in 5S rRNA was noticed with moringin treatment. Our in vitro results demonstrated the antitumor efficacy of moringin derived from myrosinase-hydrolysis of GMG in human malignant astrocytoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thangavelu Soundara Rajan
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo", Via Provinciale Palermo, contrada Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Gina Rosalinda De Nicola
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria, Centro di Ricerca per le Colture Industriali (CREA-CIN), Via Di Corticella 133, Bologna 40128, Italy
| | - Renato Iori
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria, Centro di Ricerca per le Colture Industriali (CREA-CIN), Via Di Corticella 133, Bologna 40128, Italy
| | - Patrick Rollin
- Université d'Orléans et CNRS, ICOA, UMR 7311, BP 6759, F-45067 Orléans, France
| | - Placido Bramanti
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo", Via Provinciale Palermo, contrada Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Emanuela Mazzon
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo", Via Provinciale Palermo, contrada Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy.
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Roth HS, Hergenrother PJ. Derivatives of Procaspase-Activating Compound 1 (PAC-1) and their Anticancer Activities. Curr Med Chem 2016; 23:201-41. [PMID: 26630918 PMCID: PMC4968085 DOI: 10.2174/0929867323666151127201829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
PAC-1 induces the activation of procaspase-3 in vitro and in cell culture by chelation of inhibitory labile zinc ions via its ortho-hydroxy-N-acylhydrazone moiety. First reported in 2006, PAC-1 has shown promise in cell culture and animal models of cancer, and a Phase I clinical trial in cancer patients began in March 2015 (NCT02355535). Because of the considerable interest in this compound and a well-defined structure-activity relationship, over 1000 PAC-1 derivatives have been synthesized in an effort to vary pharmacological properties such as potency and pharmacokinetics. This article provides a comprehensive examination of all PAC-1 derivatives reported to date. A survey of PAC-1 derivative libraries is provided, with an indepth discussion of four derivatives on which extensive studies have been performed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul J Hergenrother
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, 261 Roger Adams Laboratory, Box 36-5, 600 S. Mathews Ave., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
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ZHENG JUNFANG, DAI YUANPING, YANG ZHIYU, YANG LONGYAN, PENG ZHIQIANG, MENG RAN, XIONG YING, HE JUNQI. Ezrin-radixin-moesin-binding phosphoprotein-50 regulates EGF-induced AKT activation through interaction with EGFR and PTEN. Oncol Rep 2015; 35:530-7. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.4375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Carletti M, Montani M, Meschini V, Bianchi M, Radici L. Stochastic modelling of PTEN regulation in brain tumors: A model for glioblastoma multiforme. MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES AND ENGINEERING : MBE 2015; 12:965-981. [PMID: 26280182 DOI: 10.3934/mbe.2015.12.965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This work is the outcome of the partnership between the mathematical group of Department DISBEF and the biochemical group of Department DISB of the University of Urbino "Carlo Bo" in order to better understand some crucial aspects of brain cancer oncogenesis. Throughout our collaboration we discovered that biochemists are mainly attracted to the instantaneous behaviour of the whole cell, while mathematicians are mostly interested in the evolution along time of small and different parts of it. This collaboration has thus been very challenging. Starting from [23,24,25], we introduce a competitive stochastic model for post-transcriptional regulation of PTEN, including interactions with the miRNA and concurrent genes. Our model also covers protein formation and the backward mechanism going from the protein back to the miRNA. The numerical simulations show that the model reproduces the expected dynamics of normal glial cells. Moreover, the introduction of translational and transcriptional delays offers some interesting insights for the PTEN low expression as observed in brain tumor cells.
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Gutman DA, Dunn WD, Grossmann P, Cooper LAD, Holder CA, Ligon KL, Alexander BM, Aerts HJWL. Somatic mutations associated with MRI-derived volumetric features in glioblastoma. Neuroradiology 2015; 57:1227-37. [PMID: 26337765 PMCID: PMC4648958 DOI: 10.1007/s00234-015-1576-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Introduction MR imaging can noninvasively visualize tumor phenotype characteristics at the macroscopic level. Here, we investigated whether somatic mutations are associated with and can be predicted by MRI-derived tumor imaging features of glioblastoma (GBM). Methods Seventy-six GBM patients were identified from The Cancer Imaging Archive for whom preoperative T1-contrast (T1C) and T2-FLAIR MR images were available. For each tumor, a set of volumetric imaging features and their ratios were measured, including necrosis, contrast enhancing, and edema volumes. Imaging genomics analysis assessed the association of these features with mutation status of nine genes frequently altered in adult GBM. Finally, area under the curve (AUC) analysis was conducted to evaluate the predictive performance of imaging features for mutational status. Results Our results demonstrate that MR imaging features are strongly associated with mutation status. For example, TP53-mutated tumors had significantly smaller contrast enhancing and necrosis volumes (p = 0.012 and 0.017, respectively) and RB1-mutated tumors had significantly smaller edema volumes (p = 0.015) compared to wild-type tumors. MRI volumetric features were also found to significantly predict mutational status. For example, AUC analysis results indicated that TP53, RB1, NF1, EGFR, and PDGFRA mutations could each be significantly predicted by at least one imaging feature. Conclusion MRI-derived volumetric features are significantly associated with and predictive of several cancer-relevant, drug-targetable DNA mutations in glioblastoma. These results may shed insight into unique growth characteristics of individual tumors at the macroscopic level resulting from molecular events as well as increase the use of noninvasive imaging in personalized medicine. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00234-015-1576-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Gutman
- Departments of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Biomedical Informatics, Emory University School of Medicine, 1648 Pierce Dr NE, Atlanta, GA, 30307, USA.
| | - William D Dunn
- Departments of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Biomedical Informatics, Emory University School of Medicine, 1648 Pierce Dr NE, Atlanta, GA, 30307, USA
| | - Patrick Grossmann
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lee A D Cooper
- Biomedical Informatics, Emory University School of Medicine, 1648 Pierce Dr NE, Atlanta, GA, 30307, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Chad A Holder
- Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Keith L Ligon
- Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brian M Alexander
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hugo J W L Aerts
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Radiology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Bermúdez Brito M, Goulielmaki E, Papakonstanti EA. Focus on PTEN Regulation. Front Oncol 2015; 5:166. [PMID: 26284192 PMCID: PMC4515857 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2015.00166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of phosphatase and tensin homolog on chromosome 10 (PTEN) as a tumor suppressor has been for a long time attributed to its lipid phosphatase activity against PI(3,4,5)P3, the phospholipid product of the class I PI3Ks. Besides its traditional role as a lipid phosphatase at the plasma membrane, a wealth of data has shown that PTEN can function independently of its phosphatase activity and that PTEN also exists and plays a role in the nucleus, in cytoplasmic organelles, and extracellularly. Accumulating evidence has shed light on diverse physiological functions of PTEN, which are accompanied by a complex regulation of its expression and activity. PTEN levels and function are regulated transcriptionally, post-transcriptionally, and post-translationally. PTEN is also sensitive to regulation by its interacting proteins and its localization. Herein, we summarize the current knowledge on mechanisms that regulate the expression and enzymatic activity of PTEN and its role in human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Bermúdez Brito
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Crete , Heraklion , Greece
| | - Evangelia Goulielmaki
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Crete , Heraklion , Greece
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Carlsson SK, Brothers SP, Wahlestedt C. Emerging treatment strategies for glioblastoma multiforme. EMBO Mol Med 2015; 6:1359-70. [PMID: 25312641 PMCID: PMC4237465 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201302627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the deadliest form of brain tumor with a more than 90% 5-year mortality. GBM has a paltry median survival of 12.6 months attributed to the unique treatment limitations such as the high average age of onset, tumor location, and poor current understandings of the tumor pathophysiology. The resection techniques, chemotherapic strategies, and radiation therapy currently used to treat GBM have slowly evolved, but the improvements have not translated to marked increases in patient survival. Here, we will discuss the recent progress in our understanding of GBM pathophysiology, and the diagnostic techniques and treatment options. The discussion will include biomarkers, tumor imaging, novel therapies such as monoclonal antibodies and small-molecule inhibitors, and the heterogeneity resulting from the GBM cancer stem cell population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven K Carlsson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Center for Therapeutic Innovation University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Shaun P Brothers
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Center for Therapeutic Innovation University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Claes Wahlestedt
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Center for Therapeutic Innovation University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
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Liu Y, Hao S, Yu L, Gao Z. Long-term temozolomide might be an optimal choice for patient with multifocal glioblastoma, especially with deep-seated structure involvement: a case report and literature review. World J Surg Oncol 2015; 13:142. [PMID: 25889578 PMCID: PMC4393596 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-015-0558-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Multifocal glioblastoma is an uncommon and refractory subtype of high-grade glioma since the burden of masses could not be eliminated simply by operation, and it is getting even harder to control if some deep structures, like thalamus and pineal region, are involved. Case presentation Here we report a case of a 30-year-old male with multifocal glioblastoma affected his right thalamus, left lateral ventricle, and pineal region. Clinical manifestations include operation, concurrent radiochemotherapy, and a 12-cycle adjuvant temozolomide administration. The masses of this patient nearly disappeared after 15 months from the primary diagnosis, and no severe adverse event or neurological sequel occurred. Conclusions Long-term temozolomide might be an optimal choice for patients with multifocal glioblastoma, especially with deep-seated structure involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunpeng Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 6 Tiantan Xili, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100050, China. .,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, No. 6 Tiantan Xili, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China.
| | - Shuyu Hao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 6 Tiantan Xili, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100050, China. .,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, No. 6 Tiantan Xili, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China.
| | - Lanbing Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 6 Tiantan Xili, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100050, China. .,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, No. 6 Tiantan Xili, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhixian Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 6 Tiantan Xili, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100050, China. .,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, No. 6 Tiantan Xili, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China.
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Amgalan B, Lee H. DEOD: uncovering dominant effects of cancer-driver genes based on a partial covariance selection method. Bioinformatics 2015; 31:2452-60. [PMID: 25819079 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btv175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION The generation of a large volume of cancer genomes has allowed us to identify disease-related alterations more accurately, which is expected to enhance our understanding regarding the mechanism of cancer development. With genomic alterations detected, one challenge is to pinpoint cancer-driver genes that cause functional abnormalities. RESULTS Here, we propose a method for uncovering the dominant effects of cancer-driver genes (DEOD) based on a partial covariance selection approach. Inspired by a convex optimization technique, it estimates the dominant effects of candidate cancer-driver genes on the expression level changes of their target genes. It constructs a gene network as a directed-weighted graph by integrating DNA copy numbers, single nucleotide mutations and gene expressions from matched tumor samples, and estimates partial covariances between driver genes and their target genes. Then, a scoring function to measure the cancer-driver score for each gene is applied. To test the performance of DEOD, a novel scheme is designed for simulating conditional multivariate normal variables (targets and free genes) given a group of variables (driver genes). When we applied the DEOD method to both the simulated data and breast cancer data, DEOD successfully uncovered driver variables in the simulation data, and identified well-known oncogenes in breast cancer. In addition, two highly ranked genes by DEOD were related to survival time. The copy number amplifications of MYC (8q24.21) and TRPS1 (8q23.3) were closely related to the survival time with P-values = 0.00246 and 0.00092, respectively. The results demonstrate that DEOD can efficiently uncover cancer-driver genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bayarbaatar Amgalan
- School of Information and Communications, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunju Lee
- School of Information and Communications, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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Sun B, Yang N, Jiang Y, Zhang H, Hou C, Ji C, Liu Y, Zuo P. Antagomir-1290 suppresses CD133⁺ cells in non-small cell lung cancer by targeting fyn-related Src family tyrosine kinase. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:6223-30. [PMID: 25783528 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3307-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem-like cells (CSLCs) are involved in cancer initiation, development, and metastasis, and microRNAs (miRNAs) play pivotal roles in regulating CSLCs. miRNA-based therapeutic strategy associated with CSLCs might promise potential new therapeutic approaches. In the present study, we found that miR-1290 was increased in CD133(+) cells. Antagomir-1290 significantly suppressed tumor volume and weight initiated by CD133(+) cells in vivo. Furthermore, antagomir-1290 significantly inhibited the proliferation, clonogenicity, invasion, and migration of CD133(+) cells by targeting fyn-related Src family tyrosine kinase. These findings provide insights into the clinical prospect of miR-1290-based therapies for non-small cell lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 5 Dongdansantiao, Beijing, 100005, People's Republic of China
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Current clinical regulation of PI3K/PTEN/Akt/mTOR signalling in treatment of human cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2014; 141:671-89. [PMID: 25146530 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-014-1803-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE PTEN is an essential tumour suppressor gene which encodes a phosphatase protein that antagonises the PI3K/Akt/mTOR antiapoptotic pathway. Impairment of this tumour suppressor pathway potentially becomes a causal factor for development of malignancies. This review aims to assess current understanding of mechanisms of dysfunction involving the PI3K/PTEN/Akt/mTOR pathway linked to tumorigenesis and evaluate the evidence for targeted therapy directed at this signalling axis. METHODS Relevant articles in scientific databases were identified using a combination of search terms, including "malignancies", "targeted therapy", "PTEN", and "combination therapy". These databases included Medline, Embase, Cochrane Review, Pubmed, and Scopus. RESULTS PI3K/PTEN expression is frequently deregulated in a majority of malignancies through genetic, epigenetic, and post-transcriptional modifications. This contributes to the upregulation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway which has been the focus of intense clinical studies. Targeted agents aimed at this pathway offer a novel treatment approach in a variety of haematologic malignancies and solid tumours. Compared to single-agent use, greater response rates were obtained in combination regimens, supporting further investigation of suitable drug combinations in a broad spectrum of malignancies. CONCLUSION Activation of the PI3K/PTEN/Akt/mTOR pathway is implicated both in the pathogenesis of malignancies and development of resistance to anticancer therapies. Therefore, PI3K/Akt/mTOR inhibitors are a promising therapeutic option, in association with systemic cytotoxic and biological therapies, to enable sustained clinical outcomes in cancer treatment. Therapeutic strategies could be tailored according to appropriate biomarkers and patient-specific mutation profiles to maximise benefit of combination therapies.
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