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Liu H, Zheng Q, Li M, Kou J, Wei J, Feng W. Dose-dependent bidirectional pharmacological effects of vinorelbine-based metronomic combination chemotherapy on tumor growth and metastasis and mechanisms in melanoma mouse model. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2024; 38:99-112. [PMID: 37458143 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is evidence that the empirical setting of doses and schedules of antineoplastic agents in metronomic chemotherapy (MC) might lead to undesirable outcomes, such as promoting tumor growth or metastasis at certain low doses. However, details about the dose effect of antineoplastic agents in MC have not been fully known yet. OBJECTIVES Vinorelbine combined with cisplatin or fluorouracil (VNR/CDDP or VNR/FU) was selected to investigate its effects on tumor growth or metastasis as well as mechanisms. METHODS Experimental techniques, including immunohistochemistry, western blot, immunofluorescence, and flow cytometry, were used to explore the mechanisms, along with cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion. RESULTS The results showed that VNR/CDDP or VNR/FU promoted tumor growth and metastasis at low doses and inhibited them at high ones. Except that expressions of apoptotic proteins were elevated at both low and high doses, low-dose treatments enhanced angiogenesis and promoted the mobilization and recruitment of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), while high-dose treatments reversed these effects. Additionally, low concentrations of VNR/CDDP or VNR/FU stimulated tumor cell functions such as anti-apoptosis, migration, and invasion, but high concentrations only suppressed cell proliferation and increased apoptosis. CONCLUSION This study elucidated a bidirectional action mode regulated by multiple mechanisms at different doses in MC and also highlighted the risks of low-dose metronomic administration of antineoplastic agents in the clinic. More preclinical and clinical studies focusing on the dose-effect of metronomic regimens are urgently needed because an effective therapeutic regimen should be an optimal setting of drugs, doses, schedules, or combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Qiaowei Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Jianrong Kou
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Junsong Wei
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Weiyi Feng
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
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Ansardamavandi A, Nikfarjam M, He H. PAK in Pancreatic Cancer-Associated Vasculature: Implications for Therapeutic Response. Cells 2023; 12:2692. [PMID: 38067120 PMCID: PMC10705971 DOI: 10.3390/cells12232692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis has been associated with numbers of solid tumours. Anti-angiogenesis drugs starve tumours of nutrients and oxygen but also make it difficult for a chemo reagent to distribute into a tumour, leading to aggressive tumour growth. Anti-angiogenesis drugs do not appear to improve the overall survival rate of pancreatic cancer. Vessel normalisation is merging as one of the new approaches for halting tumour progression by facilitating the tumour infiltration of immune cells and the delivery of chemo reagents. Targeting p21-activated kinases (PAKs) in cancer has been shown to inhibit cancer cell growth and improve the efficacy of chemotherapy. Inhibition of PAK enhances anti-tumour immunity and stimulates the efficacy of immune checkpoint blockades. Inhibition of PAK also improves Car-T immunotherapy by reprogramming the vascular microenvironment. This review summarizes current research on PAK's role in tumour vasculature and therapeutical response, with a focus on pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arian Ansardamavandi
- Department of Surgery, Austin Precinct, The University of Melbourne, 145 Studley Rd, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia; (A.A.); (M.N.)
| | - Mehrdad Nikfarjam
- Department of Surgery, Austin Precinct, The University of Melbourne, 145 Studley Rd, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia; (A.A.); (M.N.)
- Department of Hepatopancreatic-Biliary Surgery, Austin Health, 145 Studley Rd, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia
| | - Hong He
- Department of Surgery, Austin Precinct, The University of Melbourne, 145 Studley Rd, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia; (A.A.); (M.N.)
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Asker ME, Abdelmeged AA, Shaheen MA, Eissa RG. Sunitinib displays pulmonary fibrosis in experimental rats: Role of IL-17A dependent pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 119:110173. [PMID: 37058748 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Sunitinib (SUN) is an FDA approved first line drug for management of metastatic renal cancers and advanced cancerous states of gastrointestinal tract, however, side effects including fibrosis has been reported. Secukinumab (Secu) is an immunoglobulin G1 monoclonal antibody that exhibits anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting several cellular signaling molecules. This study aimed to examine pulmonary protective potential of Secu in SUN-induced pulmonary fibrosis mediated through inhibition of inflammation via targeting IL-17A associated signaling pathway and using pirfenidone (PFD), an antifibrotic drug approved in 2014 for treatment of pulmonary fibrosis with IL-17A as one of its targets, as a reference drug. Wistar rats (160-200 g) were divided randomly into 4 groups (n = 6); Group 1 served as normal control; Group 2 served as disease control where it was exposed to SUN (25 mg/kg; 3 times weekly orally for 28 days); Group 3 was administered SUN and Secu (3 mg/kg subcutaneous at 0,14 and 28 days) and Group 4 was administered SUN and PFD (100 mg/kg/day orally for 28 days). Pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α were measured in addition to components of IL-17A signaling pathway (TGF-β, collagen, hydroxyproline). Results revealed that IL-17A-associated signaling pathway was activated in fibrotic lung tissue induced by SUN. Relative to normal control, SUN administration significantly elevated lung organ coefficient, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-17A, TGF-β, hydroxyproline and collagen expression. Secu or PFD treatment restored the altered levels to nearly normal values. Our study indicates that IL-17A participates in the development and progression of pulmonary fibrosis in a TGF-β dependent manner. Hence, components of IL-17A signaling pathway represent potential therapeutic targets for protection and treatment of fibro-proliferative lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mervat E Asker
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Asmaa A Abdelmeged
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Shaheen
- Department of Histology & Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Rana G Eissa
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt.
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Tibarewal P, Rathbone V, Constantinou G, Pearce W, Adil M, Varyova Z, Folkes L, Hampson A, Classen GAE, Alves A, Carvalho S, Scudamore CL, Vanhaesebroeck B. Long-term treatment of cancer-prone germline PTEN mutant mice with low-dose rapamycin extends lifespan and delays tumour development. J Pathol 2022; 258:382-394. [PMID: 36073856 PMCID: PMC9828006 DOI: 10.1002/path.6009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
PTEN is one of the most commonly inactivated tumour suppressor genes in sporadic cancer. Germline heterozygous PTEN gene alterations also underlie PTEN hamartoma tumour syndrome (PHTS), a rare human cancer-predisposition condition. A key feature of systemic PTEN deregulation is the inability to adequately dampen PI3-kinase (PI3K)/mTORC1 signalling. PI3K/mTORC1 pathway inhibitors such as rapamycin are therefore expected to neutralise the impact of PTEN loss, rendering this a more druggable context compared with those of other tumour suppressor pathways such as loss of TP53. However, this has not been explored in cancer prevention in a model of germline cancer predisposition, such as PHTS. Clinical trials of short-term treatment with rapamycin have recently been initiated for PHTS, focusing on cognition and colon polyposis. Here, we administered a low dose of rapamycin from the age of 6 weeks onwards to mice with heterozygous germline Pten loss, a mouse model that recapitulates most characteristics of human PHTS. Rapamycin was well tolerated and led to a highly significant improvement of survival in both male and female mice. This was accompanied by a delay in, but not full blockade of, the development of a range of proliferative lesions, including gastro-intestinal and thyroid tumours and endometrial hyperplasia, with no impact on mammary and prostate tumours, and no effect on brain overgrowth. Our data indicate that rapamycin may have cancer prevention potential in human PHTS. This might also be the case for sporadic cancers in which genetic PI3K pathway activation is an early event in tumour development, such as endometrial cancer and some breast cancers. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a long-term treatment of a germline cancer predisposition model with a PI3K/mTOR pathway inhibitor. © 2022 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Wayne Pearce
- Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Mahreen Adil
- Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Zofia Varyova
- Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Lisa Folkes
- Oxford Institute of Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Alix Hampson
- Oxford Institute of Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Adriana Alves
- Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sara Carvalho
- Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
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Ehudin MA, Golla U, Trivedi D, Potlakayala SD, Rudrabhatla SV, Desai D, Dovat S, Claxton D, Sharma A. Therapeutic Benefits of Selenium in Hematological Malignancies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147972. [PMID: 35887320 PMCID: PMC9323677 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Supplementing chemotherapy and radiotherapy with selenium has been shown to have benefits against various cancers. This approach has also been shown to alleviate the side effects associated with standard cancer therapies and improve the quality of life in patients. In addition, selenium levels in patients have been correlated with various cancers and have served as a diagnostic marker to track the efficiency of treatments or to determine whether these selenium levels cause or are a result of the disease. This concise review presents a survey of the selenium-based literature, with a focus on hematological malignancies, to demonstrate the significant impact of selenium in different cancers. The anti-cancer mechanisms and signaling pathways regulated by selenium, which impart its efficacious properties, are discussed. An outlook into the relationship between selenium and cancer is highlighted to guide future cancer therapy development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie A. Ehudin
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (M.A.E.); (S.D.)
| | - Upendarrao Golla
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (U.G.); (D.C.)
- Penn State Cancer Institute, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (D.T.); (D.D.)
| | - Devnah Trivedi
- Penn State Cancer Institute, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (D.T.); (D.D.)
| | - Shobha D. Potlakayala
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science Engineering and Technology, Penn State Harrisburg, Middletown, PA 17057, USA; (S.D.P.); (S.V.R.)
| | - Sairam V. Rudrabhatla
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science Engineering and Technology, Penn State Harrisburg, Middletown, PA 17057, USA; (S.D.P.); (S.V.R.)
| | - Dhimant Desai
- Penn State Cancer Institute, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (D.T.); (D.D.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Sinisa Dovat
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (M.A.E.); (S.D.)
| | - David Claxton
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (U.G.); (D.C.)
- Penn State Cancer Institute, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (D.T.); (D.D.)
| | - Arati Sharma
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (U.G.); (D.C.)
- Penn State Cancer Institute, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (D.T.); (D.D.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
- Correspondence:
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Lu T, Prakash J. Nanomedicine Strategies to Enhance Tumor Drug Penetration in Pancreatic Cancer. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:6313-6328. [PMID: 34552327 PMCID: PMC8450289 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s279192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the most malignant tumors with one of the worst survival rates due to its insidious onset and resistance to therapies. Most therapeutics show a desired anticancer effect in vitro; however, very poor efficacy in vivo because of the limited drug delivery and penetration into pancreatic tumors attributed to the abundance of the tumor stroma, ie, the fibrotic tumor microenvironment surrounding the cancer cells. For a better understanding of the challenges posed by the pancreatic tumor stroma, we outline the key features of the tumor microenvironment. Then we highlight major strategies used to tackle the challenges to improve drug penetration into the tumor and achieve enhanced efficacy (pre)clinically. Furthermore, we describe nanomedicine strategies to modulate the tumor stroma, degrade the extracellular matrix, and co-deliver multi-functional drugs, to improve the chemotherapeutics delivery and penetration into pancreatic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Lu
- Engineered Therapeutics Group, Department of Biomaterials Science and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Jai Prakash
- Engineered Therapeutics Group, Department of Biomaterials Science and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
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Liu Y, Luo Y, Cai M, Shen P, Li J, Chen H, Bao W, Zhu Y. Anti-angiogenic therapy in ovarian cancer: current situation & prospects. Indian J Med Res 2021; 154:680-690. [PMID: 35532586 PMCID: PMC9210530 DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_1160_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is one of five leading causes of cancer related death among women worldwide. Although treatment has been improving, the survival rate has barely improved over the past 30 years. The fatality rate is due to asymptomatic early signs and the lack of long-term effective treatment strategies for advanced disease. Angiogenesis is an important process in tumour growth and metastasis and is the creation of new blood vessels from existing blood vessels. It is a dynamic and complex process involving various molecular regulatory pathways and multiple mechanisms. The inhibition of angiogenesis has become a recognized therapeutic strategy for many solid tumours. While benefits in progression-free survival have been observed, the OS is far from satisfactory for OC patients who receive antiangiogenic therapy. In this article, the present research status of angiogenesis in OC was reviewed and the reasons for poor antiangiogenic therapeutic effects was explored with the aim to identify potential therapeutic targets that may improve the effect of antiangiogenic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinping Liu
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Luo
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Meiling Cai
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peijun Shen
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hailin Chen
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Bao
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaping Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Guo CH, Hsia S, Chung CH, Lin YC, Shih MY, Chen PC, Hsu GSW, Fan CT, Peng CL. Combination of Fish Oil and Selenium Enhances Anticancer Efficacy and Targets Multiple Signaling Pathways in Anti-VEGF Agent Treated-TNBC Tumor-Bearing Mice. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:193. [PMID: 33805447 PMCID: PMC8065403 DOI: 10.3390/md19040193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Fish oil (FO) and selenium (Se) possess antiangiogenic potential in malignant tumors. This study aimed to determine whether combination of FO and Se enhanced treatment efficacy of low-dose antiangiogenic agent Avastin (bevacizumab) in a dose-dependent manner and targeted multiple signaling pathways in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC)-bearing mice. Randomized into five groups, mice received treatment with either physiological saline (control), Avastin alone, or Avastin in combination with low, medium, and high doses of FO/Se. The target signaling molecules for anticancer were determined either by measuring protein or mRNA expression. Avastin-treated mice receiving FO/Se showed lower tumor growth and metastasis than did mice treated with Avastin alone. Combination-treated mice exhibited lower expressions in multiple proangiogenic (growth) factors and their membrane receptors, and altered cytoplasmic signaling molecules (PI3K-PTEN-AKT-TSC-mTOR-p70S6K-4EBP1, Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK, c-Src-JAK2-STAT3-TMEPAI-Smad, LKB1-AMPK, and GSK3β/β-catenin). Dose-dependent inhibition of down-stream targets including epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition transcription factors, nuclear cyclin and cyclin-dependent kinases, cancer stem cell markers, heat shock protein (HSP-90), hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF-1α/-2α), matrix metalloprotease (MMP-9), and increased apoptosis were observed. These results suggest that combination treatment with FO and Se increases the therapeutic efficacy of Avastin against TNBC in a dose-dependent manner through multiple signaling pathways in membrane, cytoplasmic, and nucleic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Hung Guo
- Micronutrition and Biomedical Nutrition Laboratories, Institute of Biomedical Nutrition, Hung-Kuang University, Taichung 433, Taiwan; (C.-H.C.); (Y.-C.L.); (M.-Y.S.)
- Taiwan Nutraceutical Association, Taipei 105, Taiwan; (S.H.); (P.-C.C.); (C.-T.F.); (C.-L.P.)
| | - Simon Hsia
- Taiwan Nutraceutical Association, Taipei 105, Taiwan; (S.H.); (P.-C.C.); (C.-T.F.); (C.-L.P.)
| | - Chieh-Han Chung
- Micronutrition and Biomedical Nutrition Laboratories, Institute of Biomedical Nutrition, Hung-Kuang University, Taichung 433, Taiwan; (C.-H.C.); (Y.-C.L.); (M.-Y.S.)
- Taiwan Nutraceutical Association, Taipei 105, Taiwan; (S.H.); (P.-C.C.); (C.-T.F.); (C.-L.P.)
| | - Yi-Chun Lin
- Micronutrition and Biomedical Nutrition Laboratories, Institute of Biomedical Nutrition, Hung-Kuang University, Taichung 433, Taiwan; (C.-H.C.); (Y.-C.L.); (M.-Y.S.)
- Taiwan Nutraceutical Association, Taipei 105, Taiwan; (S.H.); (P.-C.C.); (C.-T.F.); (C.-L.P.)
| | - Min-Yi Shih
- Micronutrition and Biomedical Nutrition Laboratories, Institute of Biomedical Nutrition, Hung-Kuang University, Taichung 433, Taiwan; (C.-H.C.); (Y.-C.L.); (M.-Y.S.)
- Taiwan Nutraceutical Association, Taipei 105, Taiwan; (S.H.); (P.-C.C.); (C.-T.F.); (C.-L.P.)
| | - Pei-Chung Chen
- Taiwan Nutraceutical Association, Taipei 105, Taiwan; (S.H.); (P.-C.C.); (C.-T.F.); (C.-L.P.)
| | - Guoo-Shyng W. Hsu
- Human Ecology College, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan;
| | - Ciou-Ting Fan
- Taiwan Nutraceutical Association, Taipei 105, Taiwan; (S.H.); (P.-C.C.); (C.-T.F.); (C.-L.P.)
| | - Chia-Lin Peng
- Taiwan Nutraceutical Association, Taipei 105, Taiwan; (S.H.); (P.-C.C.); (C.-T.F.); (C.-L.P.)
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Li L, Zhao S, Liu Z, Zhang N, Pang S, Liu J, Liu C, Fan Y. Sunitinib treatment promotes metastasis of drug-resistant renal cell carcinoma via TFE3 signaling pathway. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:220. [PMID: 33637706 PMCID: PMC7910457 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03511-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) inhibitors, such as sunitinib and sorafenib, remain the first-line drugs for the treatment of mRCC. Acquired drug resistance and metastasis are the main causes of treatment failure. However, in the case of metastasis Renal Cell Cancer (mRCC), which showed a good response to sunitinib, we found that long-term treatment with sunitinib could promote lysosome biosynthesis and exocytosis, thereby triggering the metastasis of RCC. By constructing sunitinib-resistant cell lines in vivo, we confirmed that TFE3 plays a key role in the acquired resistance to sunitinib in RCC. Under the stimulation of sunitinib, TFE3 continued to enter the nucleus, promoting the expression of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) protein E-Syt1. E-Syt1 and the lysosomal membrane protein Syt7 form a heterodimer, which induces ER fragmentation, Ca2+ release, and lysosomal exocytosis. Lysosomal exocytosis has two functions: pumping sunitinib out from the cytoplasm, which promotes resistance to sunitinib in RCC, releasing cathepsin B (CTSB) into the extracellular matrix (ECM), which can degrade the ECM to enhance the invasion and metastasis ability of RCC. Our study found that although sunitinib is an effective drug for the treatment of mRCC, once RCC has acquired resistance to sunitinib, sunitinib treatment will promote metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luchao Li
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shuo Zhao
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhengfang Liu
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Nianzhao Zhang
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shuo Pang
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jikai Liu
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
| | - Cheng Liu
- Department of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yidong Fan
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
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Wang D, Xiao F, Feng Z, Li M, Kong L, Huang L, Wei Y, Li H, Liu F, Zhang H, Zhang W. Sunitinib facilitates metastatic breast cancer spreading by inducing endothelial cell senescence. Breast Cancer Res 2020; 22:103. [PMID: 32993785 PMCID: PMC7526390 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-020-01346-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sunitinib, a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) inhibitor that targets multiple receptors such as vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFRs), was approved for cancer treatment in 2006. However, it was unsuccessful in treating certain cancers, particularly metastatic breast cancer (MBC), and the mechanism underlying this “sunitinib resistance” remains unclear. Herein, we investigated whether the sunitinib-associated inferior survival benefit in MBC was due to sunitinib-induced endothelial cell (EC) injury or EC senescence. Methods 4T1 murine breast cancer cells were used as the main breast tumor model for it produces a highly metastatic solid tumor that can spontaneously metastasize to the lung, which closely mimics highly metastatic human breast cancer. Senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-Gal, immunohistochemistry [IHC]-staining), P16, P53, and P57 (immunoblotting) were used as markers of cell senescence. A protein array containing 25 senescence-associated chemokines and the transwell chemotaxis assay were used to examine whether sunitinib increases inflammatory chemokine secretion which attracts tumor cells via chemokinesis. Flow cytometry and IHC were used to detect whether the sunitinib-induced senescent ECs recruit cancer-associated inflammatory myeloid cells. Finally, the spontaneous metastatic model was used to monitor whether sunitinib causes the formation of “pre-metastatic niche” which promotes MBC to metastasize to the lungs. Results We demonstrated that sunitinib induced a senescence-like endothelial cell (EC) phenotype. Inflammatory chemokine secretion and VCAM1 expression were significantly increased in senescent ECs, resulting in tumor cell (TC) chemotaxis and TC/EC interactions. Meanwhile, EC senescence caused loosening of EC junctions, facilitating TC transmigration through the endothelial barrier. Sunitinib-induced senescent ECs also recruited cancer-associated myeloid cells to form a “pre-metastatic niche”-like microenvironment. Alterations at the molecular level and in the tissue environment ultimately led to an increase in distant metastasis. Conclusion Although sunitinib was designed to target the EC directly, the increase in tumor metastasis may ironically be due to sunitinib “correctly” playing its role. Our findings suggest that we should carefully weigh the pros and cons before using sunitinib and other antiangiogenic drugs that directly target the ECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denian Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, No. 1, Ke Yuan 4th Road, Gao Peng Street, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Xiao
- Department of Intensive Care Unit of Gynecology and Obstetrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongxue Feng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, No. 1, Ke Yuan 4th Road, Gao Peng Street, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, No. 1, Ke Yuan 4th Road, Gao Peng Street, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingmiao Kong
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, No. 1, Ke Yuan 4th Road, Gao Peng Street, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Luping Huang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, No. 1, Ke Yuan 4th Road, Gao Peng Street, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong'gang Wei
- Department of Liver Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyu Li
- Liver Transplantation Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Liver Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Haili Zhang
- Department of Liver Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, No. 1, Ke Yuan 4th Road, Gao Peng Street, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
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11
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Li S, Xu HX, Wu CT, Wang WQ, Jin W, Gao HL, Li H, Zhang SR, Xu JZ, Qi ZH, Ni QX, Yu XJ, Liu L. Angiogenesis in pancreatic cancer: current research status and clinical implications. Angiogenesis 2018; 22:15-36. [PMID: 30168025 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-018-9645-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the most lethal malignancies worldwide. Although the standard of care in pancreatic cancer has improved, prognoses for patients remain poor with a 5-year survival rate of < 5%. Angiogenesis, namely, the formation of new blood vessels from pre-existing vessels, is an important event in tumor growth and hematogenous metastasis. It is a dynamic and complex process involving multiple mechanisms and is regulated by various molecules. Inhibition of angiogenesis has been an established therapeutic strategy for many solid tumors. However, clinical outcomes are far from satisfying for pancreatic cancer patients receiving anti-angiogenic therapies. In this review, we summarize the current status of angiogenesis in pancreatic cancer research and explore the reasons for the poor efficacy of anti-angiogenic therapies, aiming to identify some potential therapeutic targets that may enhance the effectiveness of anti-angiogenic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Li
- Department of Pancreatic & Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 Dong An Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hua-Xiang Xu
- Department of Pancreatic & Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 Dong An Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Chun-Tao Wu
- Department of Pancreatic & Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 Dong An Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wen-Quan Wang
- Department of Pancreatic & Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 Dong An Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wei Jin
- Department of Pancreatic & Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 Dong An Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - He-Li Gao
- Department of Pancreatic & Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 Dong An Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Pancreatic & Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 Dong An Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Shi-Rong Zhang
- Department of Pancreatic & Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 Dong An Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jin-Zhi Xu
- Department of Pancreatic & Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 Dong An Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zi-Hao Qi
- Department of Pancreatic & Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 Dong An Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Quan-Xing Ni
- Department of Pancreatic & Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 Dong An Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xian-Jun Yu
- Department of Pancreatic & Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 Dong An Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Liang Liu
- Department of Pancreatic & Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 Dong An Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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12
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Du Y, Liu JQ, Tang J, Ge J, Chen Y, Cheng K, Ding J, Li ZK, Liu JY. Acquired tumor cell resistance to sunitinib by increased invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in LL/2 murine lung cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:68270-68279. [PMID: 28978115 PMCID: PMC5620255 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to investigate biological behavior changes in a murine lung cancer cell characterized by acquired resistance to sunitinib, a potent inhibitor of multiple-targeted receptor tyrosine kinase. METHODS A lung cancer cell line resistant to sunitinib (LL/2-R) was developed from its parental cell line (LL/2-P). Differences in biological characteristics and associated molecular profiles between these two cells were compared in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS LL/2-R cells showed an approximately 5-fold higher IC50 of sunitinib than LL/2-P cells and exhibited a reduced growth inhibition following sunitinib treatment compared with LL/2-P. In LL/2-R cells and tumors, increased migration, invasion and metastasis were observed, along with upregulation of MMP-2 and MMP-9. We also analyzed the molecular profiles involved in EMT, and found that E-cadherin was downregulated in LL/2-R tumors, and vimentin was upregulated in LL/2-R cells and tumors, along with β-catenin translocating to the nuclei in LL/2-R cells. Furthermore, transcriptional factors mediated EMT, snail and twist, and the secretion of TGFβ1 also increased in LL/2-R cells and tumors. CONCLUSIONS We established a sunitinib-resistant lung cancer cell line and confirmed its drug-resistance to sunitinib in vivo. Our results implied that increased invasion and EMT may associate with the acquisition of resistant phenotype to sunitinib in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Du
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, GuoXue Xiang, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jia-Qi Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, GuoXue Xiang, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jie Tang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, GuoXue Xiang, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jun Ge
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, GuoXue Xiang, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Ye Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, GuoXue Xiang, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Ke Cheng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, GuoXue Xiang, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jing Ding
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, GuoXue Xiang, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Zhi-Ke Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, GuoXue Xiang, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Ji-Yan Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, GuoXue Xiang, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
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13
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Hu C, Jiang X. The effect of anti-angiogenic drugs on regulatory T cells in the tumor microenvironment. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 88:134-137. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.01.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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14
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Wragg JW, Heath VL, Bicknell R. Sunitinib Treatment Enhances Metastasis of Innately Drug-Resistant Breast Tumors. Cancer Res 2017; 77:1008-1020. [PMID: 28011623 PMCID: PMC5321582 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-1982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Antiangiogenic therapies have failed to confer survival benefits in patients with metastatic breast cancer (mBC). However, to date, there has not been an inquiry into the roles for acquired versus innate drug resistance in this setting. In this study, we report roles for these distinct phenotypes in determining therapeutic response in a murine model of mBC resistance to the antiangiogenic tyrosine kinase inhibitor sunitinib. Using tumor measurement and vascular patterning approaches, we differentiated tumors displaying innate versus acquired resistance. Bioluminescent imaging of tumor metastases to the liver, lungs, and spleen revealed that sunitinib administration enhances metastasis, but only in tumors displaying innate resistance to therapy. Transcriptomic analysis of tumors displaying acquired versus innate resistance allowed the identification of specific biomarkers, many of which have a role in angiogenesis. In particular, aquaporin-1 upregulation occurred in acquired resistance, mTOR in innate resistance, and pleiotrophin in both settings, suggesting their utility as candidate diagnostics to predict drug response or to design tactics to circumvent resistance. Our results unravel specific features of antiangiogenic resistance, with potential therapeutic implications. Cancer Res; 77(4); 1008-20. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph W Wragg
- Institutes of Cardiovascular Sciences and Biomedical Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Victoria L Heath
- Institutes of Cardiovascular Sciences and Biomedical Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Roy Bicknell
- Institutes of Cardiovascular Sciences and Biomedical Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
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15
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Gaustad JV, Simonsen TG, Andersen LMK, Rofstad EK. The Effect of Sunitinib Treatment in Human Melanoma Xenografts: Associations with Angiogenic Profiles. Transl Oncol 2017; 10:158-167. [PMID: 28167241 PMCID: PMC5293738 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2016.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of antiangiogenic agents targeting the vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) pathway has been reported to vary substantially in preclinical studies. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of sunitinib treatment on tumor vasculature and oxygenation in melanoma xenografts with different angiogenic profiles. A-07, U-25, D-12, or R-18 melanoma xenografts were grown in dorsal window chambers and given daily treatments of sunitinib (40 mg/kg) or vehicle. Morphologic parameters of tumor vascular networks were assessed from high-resolution transillumination images, and tumor blood supply times (BSTs) were assessed from first-pass imaging movies. Tumor hypoxia was assessed with immunohistochemistry by using pimonidazole as hypoxia marker, and the gene expression and the protein secretion rate of angiogenic factors were assessed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. The melanoma lines differed substantially in the expression of VEGF-A, VEGF-C, and platelet-derived growth factor A. Sunitinib treatment reduced vessel densities and induced hypoxia in all melanoma lines, and the magnitude of the effect was associated with the gene expression and protein secretion rate of VEGF-A. Sunitinib treatment also increased vessel segment lengths, reduced the number of small-diameter vessels, and inhibited growth-induced increases in the diameter of surviving vessels but did not change BST. In conclusion, sunitinib treatment did not improve vascular function but reduced vessel density and induced hypoxia in human melanoma xenografts. The magnitude of the treatment-induced effect was associated with the VEGF-A expression of the melanoma lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon-Vidar Gaustad
- Group of Radiation Biology and Tumor Physiology, Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Trude G Simonsen
- Group of Radiation Biology and Tumor Physiology, Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lise Mari K Andersen
- Group of Radiation Biology and Tumor Physiology, Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Einar K Rofstad
- Group of Radiation Biology and Tumor Physiology, Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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16
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Abstract
Tumour metastasis, the movement of tumour cells from a primary site to progressively colonize distant organs, is a major contributor to the deaths of cancer patients. Therapeutic goals are the prevention of an initial metastasis in high-risk patients, shrinkage of established lesions and prevention of additional metastases in patients with limited disease. Instead of being autonomous, tumour cells engage in bidirectional interactions with metastatic microenvironments to alter antitumour immunity, the extracellular milieu, genomic stability, survival signalling, chemotherapeutic resistance and proliferative cycles. Can targeting of these interactions significantly improve patient outcomes? In this Review preclinical research, combination therapies and clinical trial designs are re-examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia S Steeg
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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17
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Synergistic Effect and Molecular Mechanisms of Traditional Chinese Medicine on Regulating Tumor Microenvironment and Cancer Cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:1490738. [PMID: 27042656 PMCID: PMC4793102 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1490738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The interaction of tumor cells with the microenvironment is like a relationship between the “seeds” and “soil,” which is a hotspot in recent cancer research. Targeting at tumor microenvironment as well as tumor cells has become a new strategy for cancer treatment. Conventional cancer treatments mostly focused on single targets or single mechanism (the seeds or part of the soil); few researches intervened in the whole tumor microenvironment and achieved ideal therapeutic effect as expected. Traditional Chinese medicine displays a broad range of biological effects, and increasing evidence has shown that it may relate with synergistic effect on regulating tumor microenvironment and cancer cells. Based on literature review and our previous studies, we summarize the synergistic effect and the molecular mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine on regulating tumor microenvironment and cancer cells.
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18
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Lin TJ, Liang WM, Hsiao PW, M. S P, Wei WC, Lin HT, Yin SY, Yang NS. Rapamycin Promotes Mouse 4T1 Tumor Metastasis that Can Be Reversed by a Dendritic Cell-Based Vaccine. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138335. [PMID: 26426423 PMCID: PMC4591294 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Suppression of tumor metastasis is a key strategy for successful cancer interventions. Previous studies indicated that rapamycin (sirolimus) may promote tumor regression activity or enhance immune response against tumor targets. However, rapamycin also exhibits immunosuppressant effects and is hence used clinically as an organ transplantation drug. We hypothesized that the immunosuppressive activities of rapamycin might also negatively mediate host immunity, resulting in promotion of tumor metastasis. In this study, the effects of rapamycin and phytochemical shikonin were investigated in vitro and in vivo in a 4T1 mouse mammary tumor model through quantitative assessment of immunogenic cell death (ICD), autophagy, tumor growth and metastasis. Tumor-bearing mice were immunized with test vaccines to monitor their effect on tumor metastasis. We found that intraperitoneal (ip) administration of rapamycin after a tumor-resection surgery drastically increased the metastatic activity of 4T1 tumors. Possible correlation of this finding to human cancers was suggested by epidemiological analysis of data from Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD). Since our previous studies showed that modified tumor cell lysate (TCL)-pulsed, dendritic cell (DC)-based cancer vaccines can effectively suppress metastasis in mouse tumor models, we assessed whether such vaccines may help offset this rapamycin-promoted metastasis. We observed that shikonin efficiently induced ICD of 4T1 cells in culture, and DC vaccines pulsed with shikonin-treated TCL (SK-TCL-DC) significantly suppressed rapamycin-enhanced metastasis and Treg cell expansion in test mice. In conclusion, rapamycin treatment in mice (and perhaps in humans) promotes metastasis and the effect may be offset by treatment with a DC-based cancer vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tien-Jen Lin
- Graduate Institute of Injury Prevention and Control, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taipei Medical University—Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
- Taiwan International Graduate Program (TIGP), Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wen-Miin Liang
- Biostatistics Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
- Institute of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Pei-Wen Hsiao
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
- Taiwan International Graduate Program (TIGP), Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Pradeep M. S
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
- Taiwan International Graduate Program (TIGP), Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wen-Chi Wei
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hsin-Ting Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taipei Medical University—Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shu-Yi Yin
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- * E-mail: (NSY); (SYY)
| | - Ning-Sun Yang
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
- Taiwan International Graduate Program (TIGP), Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- * E-mail: (NSY); (SYY)
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19
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Ebos JML. Prodding the Beast: Assessing the Impact of Treatment-Induced Metastasis. Cancer Res 2015; 75:3427-35. [PMID: 26229121 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-0308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The arsenal of treatments for most cancers fit broadly into the categories of surgery, chemotherapy, radiation, and targeted therapy. All represent proven and successful strategies, yet each can trigger local (tumor) and systemic (host) processes that elicit unwanted, often opposing, influences on cancer growth. Under certain conditions, nearly all cancer treatments can facilitate metastatic spread, often in parallel (and sometimes in clear contrast) with tumor reducing benefits. The paradox of treatment-induced metastasis (TIM) is not new. Supporting preclinical studies span decades, but are often overlooked. With recent evidence of prometastatic effects following treatment with targeted agents blocking the tumor microenvironment, a closer inspection of this literature is warranted. The TIM phenomena may diminish the impact of effective therapies and play a critical role in eventual resistance. Alternatively, it may simply exemplify the gap between animal and human studies, and therefore have little impact for patient disease and treatment. This review will focus on the preclinical model systems used to evaluate TIM and explore the mechanisms that influence overall treatment efficacy. Understanding the role of TIM in established and emerging drug treatment strategies may help provide rationales for future drug combination approaches with antimetastatic agents to improve outcomes and reduce resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M L Ebos
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York. Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York.
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