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Shao G, Fan X, Zhang P, Liu X, Huang L, Ji S. Circ_0004676 exacerbates triple-negative breast cancer progression through regulation of the miR-377-3p/E2F6/PNO1 axis. Cell Biol Toxicol 2023; 39:2183-2205. [PMID: 35870038 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-022-09704-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The significant roles of circular RNAs (circRNAs) in different cancers and diseases have been reported. We now focused on the possible role of a newly recognized circRNA, circ_0004674 in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), and the related downstream mechanism. METHODS The expression of circ_0004674 in TNBC tissues and cells was determined followed by analysis of the correlation between circ_0004674 and TNBC patients' prognosis. The interaction between circ_0004674, miR-377-3p, E2F6, and PNO1 was then identified using bioinformatics analysis combined with FISH, RIP, RNA pull-down, RT-qPCR, and Western blot analysis. Using gain-of-function and loss-of-function methods, we analyzed the effect of circ_0004674, miR-377-3p, E2F6, and PNO1 on TNBC in vivo and in vitro. RESULTS Increased circ_0004674 and E2F6 but decreased miR-377-3p were observed in TNBC tissues and MDA-MB-231 TNBC cells, all of which findings were associated with poor prognosis in patients with TNBC. Silencing of circ_0004676 remarkably suppressed the proliferation, cell cycle progression, and migration of TNBC cells in vitro, as well as inhibiting tumorigenesis and metastasis in vivo. Additionally, circ_0004676 served as a sponge of miR-377-3p which bound to the transcription factor E2F6. In the presence of overexpression of circ_0004676, E2F6 expression and its target PNO1 expression were elevated, while miR-377-3p expression was decreased. Interestingly, overexpression of E2F6 could reverse the inhibitory effect on tumor growth caused by downregulation of circ_0004676. CONCLUSION Our study highlighted the carcinogenic effect of circ_0004676 on TNBC through regulation of the miR-377-3p/E2F6/PNO1 axis. 1. Circ_0004674 is highly expressed in TNBC tissues and cells. 2. Circ_0004674 upregulates the expression of E2F6 by sponging miR-377-3p. 3. E2F6 upregulates PNO1 by binding to the PNO1 promoter. 4. Circ_0004674 favors TNBC progression by regulating the miR-377-3p/E2F6/PNO1 axis. 5. This study provides a new target for the treatment of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoli Shao
- Special Medical Service Center, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, No. 253, Middle Gongye Road, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510282, People's Republic of China
| | - Xulong Fan
- Department of Breast Surgery, Maternity and Children's Healthcare Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, 528000, People's Republic of China
| | - Pusheng Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuewen Liu
- Special Medical Service Center, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, No. 253, Middle Gongye Road, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510282, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, People's Republic of China
| | - Shufeng Ji
- Special Medical Service Center, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, No. 253, Middle Gongye Road, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510282, People's Republic of China.
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Oesterreich S, Aird KM. Senescence and Immunotherapy: Redundant Immunomodulatory Pathways Promote Resistance. Cancer Immunol Res 2023; 11:401-404. [PMID: 36826438 PMCID: PMC11221415 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-23-0051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Senescent cancer cells alter their microenvironment through secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines called the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) and upregulation of immunoinhibitory proteins such as CD80 and programmed death-ligand 1. The senescence field is just beginning to explore the role of these changes on antitumor immunity and response to immunotherapy. In this Perspective, we highlight a new study that aimed to determine how senescent breast cancer cells are shielded from immunosurveillance via upregulation of redundant immunoinhibitory proteins in two distinct senescent populations. We also discuss recent articles regarding how the SASP alters the tumor immune microenvironment and response to immunotherapy. As many therapies used to treat cancers induce senescence, future work will need to better refine the composition of the SASP and heterogeneity of senescence in the tumor microenvironment to more completely understand how the immune compartment is regulated by senescent tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffi Oesterreich
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Magee-Women’s Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Katherine M. Aird
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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3
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Chiu FY, Kvadas RM, Mheidly Z, Shahbandi A, Jackson JG. Could senescence phenotypes strike the balance to promote tumor dormancy? Cancer Metastasis Rev 2023; 42:143-160. [PMID: 36735097 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-023-10089-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
After treatment and surgery, patient tumors can initially respond followed by a rapid relapse, or respond well and seemingly be cured, but then recur years or decades later. The state of surviving cancer cells during the long, undetected period is termed dormancy. By definition, the dormant tumor cells do not proliferate to create a mass that is detectable or symptomatic, but also never die. An intrinsic state and microenvironment that are inhospitable to the tumor would bias toward cell death and complete eradication, while conditions that favor the tumor would enable growth and relapse. In neither case would clinical dormancy be observed. Normal cells and tumor cells can enter a state of cellular senescence after stress such as that caused by cancer therapy. Senescence is characterized by a stable cell cycle arrest mediated by chromatin modifications that cause gene expression changes and a secretory phenotype involving many cytokines and chemokines. Senescent cell phenotypes have been shown to be both tumor promoting and tumor suppressive. The balance of these opposing forces presents an attractive model to explain tumor dormancy: phenotypes of stable arrest and immune suppression could promote survival, while reversible epigenetic programs combined with cytokines and growth factors that promote angiogenesis, survival, and proliferation could initiate the emergence from dormancy. In this review, we examine the phenotypes that have been characterized in different normal and cancer cells made senescent by various stresses and how these might explain the characteristics of tumor dormancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Yen Chiu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Raegan M Kvadas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Zeinab Mheidly
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Ashkan Shahbandi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - James G Jackson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
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4
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Shahbandi A, Chiu FY, Ungerleider NA, Kvadas R, Mheidly Z, Sun MJS, Tian D, Waizman DA, Anderson AY, Machado HL, Pursell ZF, Rao SG, Jackson JG. Breast cancer cells survive chemotherapy by activating targetable immune-modulatory programs characterized by PD-L1 or CD80. NATURE CANCER 2022; 3:1513-1533. [PMID: 36482233 PMCID: PMC9923777 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-022-00466-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer cells must avoid intrinsic and extrinsic cell death to relapse following chemotherapy. Entering senescence enables survival from mitotic catastrophe, apoptosis and nutrient deprivation, but mechanisms of immune evasion are poorly understood. Here we show that breast tumors surviving chemotherapy activate complex programs of immune modulation. Characterization of residual disease revealed distinct tumor cell populations. The first population was characterized by interferon response genes, typified by Cd274, whose expression required chemotherapy to enhance chromatin accessibility, enabling recruitment of IRF1 transcription factor. A second population was characterized by p53 signaling, typified by CD80 expression. Treating mammary tumors with chemotherapy followed by targeting the PD-L1 and/or CD80 axes resulted in marked accumulation of T cells and improved response; however, even combination strategies failed to fully eradicate tumors in the majority of cases. Our findings reveal the challenge of eliminating residual disease populated by senescent cells expressing redundant immune inhibitory pathways and highlight the need for rational immune targeting strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashkan Shahbandi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Fang-Yen Chiu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Nathan A Ungerleider
- Department of Pathology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Raegan Kvadas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Zeinab Mheidly
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Meijuan J S Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Di Tian
- Department of Pathology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Daniel A Waizman
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ashlyn Y Anderson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Heather L Machado
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Zachary F Pursell
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Sonia G Rao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - James G Jackson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.
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5
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Frey WD, Anderson AY, Lee H, Nguyen JB, Cowles EL, Lu H, Jackson JG. Phosphoinositide species and filamentous actin formation mediate engulfment by senescent tumor cells. PLoS Biol 2022; 20:e3001858. [PMID: 36279312 PMCID: PMC9632905 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells survive chemotherapy and cause lethal relapse by entering a senescent state that facilitates expression of many phagocytosis/macrophage-related genes that engender a novel cannibalism phenotype. We used biosensors and live-cell imaging to reveal the basic steps and mechanisms of engulfment by senescent human and mouse tumor cells. We show filamentous actin in predator cells was localized to the prey cell throughout the process of engulfment. Biosensors to various phosphoinositide (PI) species revealed increased concentration and distinct localization of predator PI(4) P and PI(4,5)P2 at the prey cell during early stages of engulfment, followed by a transient burst of PI(3) P before and following internalization. PIK3C2B, the kinase responsible for generating PI(3)P, was required for complete engulfment. Inhibition or knockdown of Clathrin, known to associate with PIK3C2B and PI(4,5)P2, severely impaired engulfment. In sum, our data reveal the most fundamental cellular processes of senescent cell engulfment, including the precise localizations and dynamics of actin and PI species throughout the entire process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesley D. Frey
- Tulane School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Ashlyn Y. Anderson
- Tulane School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Hyemin Lee
- Tulane School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Julie B. Nguyen
- Tulane School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Emma L. Cowles
- Tulane School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Hua Lu
- Tulane School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - James G. Jackson
- Tulane School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
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6
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Downregulation of MicroRNA-1 and Its Potential Molecular Mechanism in Nasopharyngeal Cancer: An Investigation Combined with In Silico and In-House Immunohistochemistry Validation. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:7962220. [PMID: 35251377 PMCID: PMC8896954 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7962220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background This study was aimed at elucidating the molecular biological mechanisms of microRNA-1 (miR-1) in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Method In this study, we performed a pooled analysis of miR-1 expression data derived from public databases, such as GEO, ArrayExpress, TCGA, and GTEx. The miRWalk 2.0 database, combined with the mRNA microarray datasets, was used to screen the target genes, and the genes were then subjected to Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis using the DAVID 6.8 database. We then used the STRING 11.0 database and Cytoscape 3.80 software to construct a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network for screening hub genes. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was further used to validate the expression of hub genes. Finally, potential therapeutic agents for NPC were screened by the Connectivity Map (cMap) database. Results Pooled analysis showed that miR-1 expression was significantly decreased in NPC (SMD = −0.57; P < 0.05). The summary receiver operating characteristic curve suggested that miR-1 had a good ability to distinguish cancerous tissues from noncancerous tissues (AUC = 0.78). The results of GO analysis focused on mitotic nuclear division, DNA replication, cell division, cell adhesion, extracellular space, kinesin complex, and extracellular matrix (ECM) structural constituent. The KEGG analysis suggested that the target genes played a role in key signaling pathways, such as cell cycle, focal adhesion, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, ECM-receptor interaction, and PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. The PPI network suggested that cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) was the hub gene, and the CDK1 protein was subsequently confirmed to be significantly upregulated in NPC tissues by IHC. Finally, potential therapeutic drugs, such as masitinib, were obtained by the cMap database. Conclusion miR-1 may play a vital part in NPC tumorigenesis and progression by regulating focal adhesion kinase to participate in cell mitosis, regulating ECM degradation, and affecting the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. miR-1 has the potential to be a therapeutic target for NPC.
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7
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Li K, Liao N, Chen B, Zhang G, Wang Y, Guo L, Wei G, Jia M, Wen L, Ren C, Cao L, Mok H, Li C, Lin J, Chen X, Zhang Z, Hou T, Li M, Liu J, Balch CM, Liao N. Genetic mutation profile of Chinese HER2-positive breast cancers and genetic predictors of responses to Neoadjuvant anti-HER2 therapy. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2020; 183:321-332. [PMID: 32638235 PMCID: PMC7383038 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-020-05778-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Despite the therapeutic success of existing HER2-targeted therapies, tumors respond quite differently to them. This study aimed at figuring out genetic mutation profile of Chinese HER2-positive patients and investigating predictive factors of neoadjuvant anti-HER2 responses. METHODS We employed two cohorts. The first cohort was comprised of 181 HER2-positive patients treated at Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital from 2012 to 2018. The second cohort included 40 patients from the first cohort who underwent HER2-targeted neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Genetic mutations were characterized using next-generation sequencing. We employed the most commonly used definition of pathological complete response (pCR)-eradication of tumor from both breast and lymph nodes (ypT0/is ypN0). RESULTS In Chinese HER2-positive breast cancer patients, TP53 (74.6%), CDK12 (64.6%) and PIK3CA (46.4%) have the highest mutation frequencies. In cohort 2, significant differences were found between pCR and non-pCR groups in terms of the initial Ki67 status, TP53 missense mutations, TP53 LOF mutations, PIK3CA mutations and ROS1 mutations (p = 0.028, 0.019, 0.005, 0.013, 0.049, respectively). Furthermore, TP53 LOF mutations and initial Ki67 status (OR 7.086, 95% CI 1.366-36.749, p = 0.020 and OR 6.007, 95% CI 1.120-32.210, p = 0.036, respectively) were found to be predictive of pCR status. CONCLUSION TP53 LOF mutations and initial Ki67 status in HER2-positive breast cancer are predictive of pCR status after HER2-targeted NACT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Li
- Department of Breast Cancer, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Ning Liao
- Department of Breast Cancer, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of Breast Cancer, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Guochun Zhang
- Department of Breast Cancer, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yulei Wang
- Department of Breast Cancer, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Liping Guo
- Department of Breast Cancer, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guangnan Wei
- Department of Breast Cancer, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Minghan Jia
- Department of Breast Cancer, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Lingzhu Wen
- Department of Breast Cancer, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Chongyang Ren
- Department of Breast Cancer, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Li Cao
- Department of Breast Cancer, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Hsiaopei Mok
- Department of Breast Cancer, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Cheukfai Li
- Department of Breast Cancer, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jiali Lin
- Department of Breast Cancer, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqing Chen
- Department of Breast Cancer, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Ting Hou
- Burning Rock Biotech, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Li
- Burning Rock Biotech, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Burning Rock Biotech, Guangzhou, China
| | - Charles M Balch
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ning Liao
- Department of Breast Cancer, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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BH3 mimetics selectively eliminate chemotherapy-induced senescent cells and improve response in TP53 wild-type breast cancer. Cell Death Differ 2020; 27:3097-3116. [PMID: 32457483 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-020-0564-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
TP53 wild-type breast tumors rarely undergo a complete pathological response after chemotherapy treatment. These patients have an extremely poor survival rate and studies show these tumors preferentially undergo senescence instead of apoptosis. These senescent cells persist after chemotherapy and secrete cytokines and chemokines comprising the senescence associated secretory phenotype, which promotes survival, proliferation, and metastasis. We hypothesized that eliminating senescent tumor cells would improve chemotherapy response and extend survival. Previous studies have shown "senolytic" agents selectively kill senescent normal cells, but their efficacy in killing chemotherapy-induced senescent cancer cells is unknown. We show that ABT-263, a BH3 mimetic that targets antiapoptotic proteins BCL2/BCL-XL/BCL-W, had no effect on proliferating cells, but rapidly and selectively induced apoptosis in a subset of chemotherapy-treated cancer cells, though sensitivity required days to develop. Low NOXA expression conferred resistance to ABT-263 in some cells, necessitating additional MCL1 inhibition. Gene editing confirmed breast cancer cells relied on BCL-XL or BCL-XL/MCL1 for survival in senescence. In a mouse model of breast cancer, ABT-263 treatment following chemotherapy led to apoptosis, greater tumor regression, and longer survival. Our results reveal cancer cells that have survived chemotherapy by entering senescence can be eliminated using BH3 mimetic drugs that target BCL-XL or BCL-XL/MCL1. These drugs could help minimize residual disease and extend survival in breast cancer patients that otherwise have a poor prognosis and are most in need of improved therapies.
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9
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Shahbandi A, Nguyen HD, Jackson JG. TP53 Mutations and Outcomes in Breast Cancer: Reading beyond the Headlines. Trends Cancer 2020; 6:98-110. [PMID: 32061310 PMCID: PMC7931175 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2020.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
TP53 is the most frequently mutated gene in breast cancer, but its role in survival is confounded by different studies concluding that TP53 mutations are associated with negative, neutral, or positive outcomes. Closer examination showed that many studies were limited by factors such as imprecise methods to detect TP53 mutations and small cohorts that combined patients treated with drugs having very different mechanisms of action. When only studies of patients receiving the same treatment(s) were compared, they tended to agree. These analyses reveal a role for TP53 in response to different treatments as complex as its different biological activities. We discuss studies that have assessed the role of TP53 mutations in breast cancer treatment and limitations in interpreting reported results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashkan Shahbandi
- Tulane School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1430 Tulane Avenue #8543, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Hoang D Nguyen
- Tulane School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1430 Tulane Avenue #8543, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - James G Jackson
- Tulane School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1430 Tulane Avenue #8543, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
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Tonnessen-Murray CA, Jackson JG. Engulfment and cannibalism drive persistence of chemotherapy-treated tumor cells: can they be targeted? Mol Cell Oncol 2020; 7:1688601. [PMID: 31993500 DOI: 10.1080/23723556.2019.1688601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The breast tumors that are most difficult to eradicate with chemotherapy have wild-type TP53 and preferentially enter senescence after treatment. One factor contributing to the persistence of senescent cells in residual disease: acquisition of a novel phenotype that allows cannibalism of entire cells and engulfment of other substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James G Jackson
- Department of Biochemistry, Tulane School of Medicine, Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA, USA
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11
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Tonnessen-Murray CA, Frey WD, Rao SG, Shahbandi A, Ungerleider NA, Olayiwola JO, Murray LB, Vinson BT, Chrisey DB, Lord CJ, Jackson JG. Chemotherapy-induced senescent cancer cells engulf other cells to enhance their survival. J Cell Biol 2019; 218:3827-3844. [PMID: 31530580 PMCID: PMC6829672 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201904051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In chemotherapy-treated breast cancer, wild-type p53 preferentially induces senescence over apoptosis, resulting in a persisting cell population constituting residual disease that drives relapse and poor patient survival via the senescence-associated secretory phenotype. Understanding the properties of tumor cells that allow survival after chemotherapy treatment is paramount. Using time-lapse and confocal microscopy to observe interactions of cells in treated tumors, we show here that chemotherapy-induced senescent cells frequently engulf both neighboring senescent or nonsenescent tumor cells at a remarkable frequency. Engulfed cells are processed through the lysosome and broken down, and cells that have engulfed others obtain a survival advantage. Gene expression analysis showed a marked up-regulation of conserved macrophage-like program of engulfment in chemotherapy-induced senescent cell lines and tumors. Our data suggest compelling explanations for how senescent cells persist in dormancy, how they manage the metabolically expensive process of cytokine production that drives relapse in those tumors that respond the worst, and a function for their expanded lysosomal compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wesley D Frey
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA
| | - Sonia G Rao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA
| | - Ashkan Shahbandi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA
| | - Nathan A Ungerleider
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA
| | - Joy O Olayiwola
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA
| | - Lucas B Murray
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA
| | | | | | | | - James G Jackson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA
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12
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Transient enhancement of p53 activity protects from radiation-induced gastrointestinal toxicity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:17429-17437. [PMID: 31409715 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1909550116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) syndrome is a serious side effect and dose-limiting toxicity observed in patients undergoing lower-abdominal radiotherapy. Previous mouse studies show that p53 gene dosage determines susceptibility to GI syndrome development. However, the translational relevance of p53 activity has not been addressed. Here, we used a knock-in mouse in which the p53-Mdm2 negative feedback loop is genetically disrupted. These mice retain biallelic p53 and thus, normal basal p53 levels and activity. However, due to the lack of p53-mediated Mdm2 transcription, irradiated Mdm2 P2/P2 mice exhibit enhanced acute p53 activity, which protects them from GI failure. Intestinal crypt cells residing in the +4 and higher positions exhibit decreased apoptosis, increased p21 expression, and hyperproliferation to reinstate intestinal integrity. Correspondingly, pharmacological augmentation of p53 activity in wild-type mice with an Mdm2 inhibitor protects against GI toxicity without affecting therapeutic outcome. Our results suggest that transient disruption of the p53-Mdm2 interaction to enhance p53 activity could be a viable prophylactic strategy for alleviating GI syndrome in patients undergoing radiotherapy.
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Ungerleider NA, Rao SG, Shahbandi A, Yee D, Niu T, Frey WD, Jackson JG. Breast cancer survival predicted by TP53 mutation status differs markedly depending on treatment. Breast Cancer Res 2018; 20:115. [PMID: 30285883 PMCID: PMC6167800 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-018-1044-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies on the role of TP53 mutation in breast cancer treatment response and survival are contradictory and inconclusive, limited by the use of different endpoints to determine clinical significance and by small sample sizes that prohibit stratification by treatment. Methods We utilized large datasets to examine overall survival according to TP53 mutation status in patients across multiple clinical features and treatments. Results Confirming other studies, we found that in all patients and in hormone therapy-treated patients, TP53 wild-type status conferred superior 5-year overall survival, but survival curves crossed at 10 or more years. In contrast, further stratification within the large dataset revealed that in patients receiving chemotherapy and no hormone therapy, wild-type TP53 status conferred remarkably poor overall survival. This previously unrecognized inferior survival is consistent with p53 inducing arrest/senescence instead of apoptosis. Addition of hormone therapy to chemotherapy improved survival notably in patients with TP53 wild-type tumors, but not mutant, suggesting hormone therapy could eradicate arrested/senescent cells. Testing this, we found that estrogen receptor-positive, TP53 wild-type breast cancer cells that were made senescent by doxorubicin treatment were sensitive to tamoxifen. Conclusions The poor survival of chemotherapy-treated patients with TP53 wild-type tumors may be improved by strategies to eliminate senescent cells, including the addition of hormone therapy when appropriate. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13058-018-1044-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sonia G Rao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, mail code 8543, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Ashkan Shahbandi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, mail code 8543, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Douglas Yee
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Tianhua Niu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, mail code 8543, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Wesley D Frey
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, mail code 8543, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - James G Jackson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, mail code 8543, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
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