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Zheng SS, Wu JF, Wu WX, Hu JW, Zhang D, Huang C, Zhang BH. CBX1 is involved in hepatocellular carcinoma progression and resistance to sorafenib and lenvatinib via IGF-1R/AKT/SNAIL signaling pathway. Hepatol Int 2024:10.1007/s12072-024-10696-0. [PMID: 38769286 DOI: 10.1007/s12072-024-10696-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chromobox Homolog 1 (CBX1) plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of numerous diseases, including the evolution and advancement of diverse cancers. The role of CBX1 in pan-cancer and its mechanism in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), however, remains to be further investigated. METHODS Bioinformatics approaches were harnessed to scrutinize CBX1's expression profile, its association with tumor staging, and its potential impact on patient outcomes across various cancers. Single-cell RNA sequencing data facilitated the investigation of CBX1 expression patterns at the individual cell level. The CBX1 expression levels in HCC and adjacent non-tumor tissues were quantified through Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR), Western Blotting (WB), and Immunohistochemical analyses. A tissue microarray was employed to explore the relationship between CBX1 levels, patient prognosis, and clinicopathological characteristics in HCC. Various in vitro assays-including CCK-8, colony formation, Transwell invasion, and scratch tests-were conducted to assess the proliferative and motility properties of HCC cells upon modulation of CBX1 expression. Moreover, the functional impact of CBX1 on HCC was further discerned through xenograft studies in nude mice. RESULTS CBX1 was found to be upregulated in most cancer forms, with heightened expression correlating with adverse patient prognoses. Within the context of HCC, elevated levels of CBX1 were consistently indicative of poorer clinical outcomes. Suppression of CBX1 through knockdown methodologies markedly diminished HCC cell proliferation, invasive capabilities, migratory activity, Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) processes, and resistance to Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Contrastingly, CBX1 augmentation facilitated the opposite effects. Subsequent investigative efforts revealed CBX1 to be a promoter of EMT and a contributor to increased TKI resistance within HCC cells, mediated via the IGF-1R/AKT/SNAIL signaling axis. The oncogenic activities of CBX1 proved to be attenuable either by AKT pathway inhibition or by targeted silencing of IGF-1R. CONCLUSIONS The broad overexpression of CBX1 in pan-cancer and specifically in HCC positions it as a putative oncogenic entity. It is implicated in forwarding HCC progression and exacerbating TKI resistance through its interaction with the IGF-1R/AKT/SNAIL signaling cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Su Zheng
- Department of Hepatic Oncology, Xiamen Clinical Research Center for Cancer Therapy, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University (Xiamen Branch), Xiamen, 361015, China
| | - Jing-Fang Wu
- Department of Hepatic Oncology, Liver Cancer Institute, Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education), Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wei-Xun Wu
- Department of Liver Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University (Xiamen Branch), Xiamen, 361015, China
| | - Jin-Wu Hu
- Department of Liver Cancer, Shanghai Geriatrics Medical Center, 2560 Chunshen Road, Shanghai, 201104, China
| | - Dai Zhang
- Department of Hepatic Oncology, Liver Cancer Institute, Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education), Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Cheng Huang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education), Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Bo-Heng Zhang
- Department of Hepatic Oncology, Xiamen Clinical Research Center for Cancer Therapy, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University (Xiamen Branch), Xiamen, 361015, China.
- Department of Hepatic Oncology, Liver Cancer Institute, Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education), Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Center for Evidence-Based Medicine, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Mei J, Zuo J, Mei J, Liu G, Xiao P. Circ-NUP98 Promotes Lung Adenocarcinoma Development Through Regulating CBX1 by miR-188-3p. Biochem Genet 2023:10.1007/s10528-023-10609-0. [PMID: 38129720 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-023-10609-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer has a high morbidity and mortality among malignant tumors, and lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the main type of lung cancer. In recent years, circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been confirmed to play an important role in the generation and development of human cancer. However, the specific role and mechanism of circ-NUP98 in LUAD are still unclear and need to be further investigated. Circ-NUP98, microRNA-188-3p (miR-188-3p), and chromobox homolog 1 (CBX1) levels were detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Cell-counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), 5-Ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) assay, flow cytometry, wound healing, and transwell assay were used to observe LUAD cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, invasion, and cell-cycle progression. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels were examined using special assay kits. CyclinD1, Bcl-2-related X protein (Bax), matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) protein, and CBX1 protein levels were determined using Western blot. The interaction between miR-188-3p and circ-NUP98 or CBX1 was identified by dual-luciferase reporter and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay. In vivo efficacy of circ-NUP98 was evaluated in a xenograft tumor model. Besides, the expression of CBX1 and KI67 in the tumors was detected by immunohistochemical (IHC) assay. Circ-NUP98 and CBX1 expressions were upregulated in LUAD tissues and cells, and miR-188-3p was decreased. Downregulation of circ-NUP98 could inhibit the proliferation, migration, invasion, and oxidative stress, and promote apoptosis of LUAD cells. Mechanism experiments showed that circ-NUP98 acted as a sponge for miR-188-3p to increase CBX1 expression. Knockdown of circ-NUP98 could inhibit the growth of LUAD tumors in vivo. Circ-NUP98 might promote the malignant development of LUAD via the miR-188-3p/CBX1 axis, which might provide a potential new marker for early diagnosis of LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Mei
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Henan University of Chinese Medicine (Zhengzhou People's Hospital), Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Jing Zuo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Henan University of Chinese Medicine (Zhengzhou People's Hospital), Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Jiazhuan Mei
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Henan University of Chinese Medicine (Zhengzhou People's Hospital), No. 33, Huanghe Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, 450000, China.
| | - Guiju Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Henan University of Chinese Medicine (Zhengzhou People's Hospital), No. 33, Huanghe Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Peng Xiao
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Henan University of Chinese Medicine (Zhengzhou People's Hospital), No. 33, Huanghe Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
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Zhou F, Chen L, Lu P, Cao Y, Deng C, Liu G. An integrative bioinformatics investigation and experimental validation of chromobox family in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:641. [PMID: 37430195 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11108-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is one of the most aggressive malignant tumors. Chromobox (CBX) family plays the role of oncogenes in various malignancies. METHODS The transcriptional and protein levels of CBX family were confirmed by GEPIA, Oncomine, CCLE, and HPA database. Screening of co-expressed genes and gene function enrichment analysis were performed by GeneMANIA and DAVID 6.8. The prognostic value, immune cell infiltration and drug sensitivity analysis of CBX family in DLBCL were performed by Genomicscape, TIMER2.0, and GSCALite database. Confirmatory Tests of CBX family protein expression in DLBCL were performed by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS The mRNA and protein expressions of CBX1/2/3/5/6 were higher in DLBCL tissues than control groups. Enrichment analysis showed that the functions of CBX family were mainly related to chromatin remodeling, methylation-dependent protein binding, and VEGF signaling pathway. The high mRNA expressions of CBX2/3/5/6 were identified to be associated with short overall survival (OS) in DLBCL patients. Multivariate COX regression indicated that CBX3 was independent prognostic marker. Immune infiltration analysis revealed that the mRNA expressions of CBX family (especially CBX1, CBX5, and CBX6) in DLBCL were significantly correlated with the infiltration of most immune cells (including B cells, CD8 + T cells, CD4 + T cells, neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, and Treg cells). Meanwhile, there was a strong correlation between the expression levels of CBX1/5/6 and surface markers of immune cells, such as the widely studied PVR-like protein receptor/ligand and PDL-1 immune checkpoint. Notably, our study found that DLBCL cells with CBX1 over-expression were resistant to the common anti-tumor drugs, but CBX2/5 had two polarities. Finally, we confirmed the higher expressions of CBX1/2/3/5/6 in DLBCL tissues compared with control groups by immunohistochemistry. CONCLUSION We provided a detailed analysis of the relationship between the CBX family and the prognosis of DLBCL. Distinguished from other studies, We found that high mRNA expressions of CBX2/3/5/6 were associated with poor prognosis in DLBCL patients, and Multivariate COX regression indicated that CBX3 was independent prognostic marker. Besides, our study also found an association between the CBX family and anti-tumour drug resistance, and provided a relationship between CBX family expression and immune cell infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenling Zhou
- Institute of Hematology, Jinan University, HuangPu Da Dao Xi, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Chen
- Institute of Hematology, Jinan University, HuangPu Da Dao Xi, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Lu
- Departpent of Vascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Province, No. 139, Renmin Road, Changsha, China
| | - Yuli Cao
- Institute of Hematology, Jinan University, HuangPu Da Dao Xi, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Cuilan Deng
- Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, HuangPu Da Dao Xi, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Gexiu Liu
- Institute of Hematology, Jinan University, HuangPu Da Dao Xi, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, People's Republic of China.
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Liao D, Liu X, He L, Yao Y, Yuan X, Feng P, Li C, Liu Y. Comprehensive bioinformatics analysis of the expression, prognostic value, and immune infiltration of chromobox family members in cervical cancer. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2023; 26:468-477. [PMID: 37009012 PMCID: PMC10008395 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2023.64845.14281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
Objectives Cervical cancer (CC) is the fourth most prevalent type of cancer in women worldwide and it is considered the leading cause of tumor-related death and malignancy. As part of complexes involved in epigenetic control, the proteins of the chromobox (CBX) family have been found to have a role in the growth of malignancies by preventing differentiation and increasing proliferation. Here, by a thorough investigation, we investigated the expression, prognostic significance, and immune infiltration of CBX in patients with CC. Materials and Methods Differential expression, clinicopathological parameters, immune cell infiltration, enrichment analysis, genetic alteration, and prognostic value of CBXs in patients with CC were examined using TIMER, Metascape, STRING, GeneMANIA, cBioPortal, UALCAN, The Human Protein Atlas, Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA), and Oncomine. Results In CC tissues, CBX 2/3/4/5 and CBX 8 expression levels were considerably higher, whereas CBX 6/7 expression levels were lower. In CC, the CBX 5/6/8 promoters have elevated levels of methylation. The expression of CBX 2/6/8 and the pathological stage were connected. A 37% mutation rate of the differentially expressed CBX genes was observed. Also, there was a strong correlation of the CBXs expression with immune cell infiltration, such as T CD4+ cells, macrophages, neutrophils, B cells, T CD8+ cells, and dendritic cells. Conclusion The investigation discovered that members of the CBXs family may be therapeutic targets for CC patients and may play significant roles in the development of CC tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Liao
- Department of Gynaecology, SSL Central Hospital of Dongguan, Dongguan Third People’s Hospital, Affiliated Dongguan Shilong People’s
| | - Xiaomei Liu
- Department of Gynaecology, SSL Central Hospital of Dongguan, Dongguan Third People’s Hospital, Affiliated Dongguan Shilong People’s
| | - Limei He
- Hospital of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuhong Yao
- Department of Gynaecology, SSL Central Hospital of Dongguan, Dongguan Third People’s Hospital, Affiliated Dongguan Shilong People’s
| | - Xiuying Yuan
- Department of Gynaecology, SSL Central Hospital of Dongguan, Dongguan Third People’s Hospital, Affiliated Dongguan Shilong People’s
| | - Poling Feng
- Department of Gynaecology, SSL Central Hospital of Dongguan, Dongguan Third People’s Hospital, Affiliated Dongguan Shilong People’s
| | - Cuifen Li
- Department of Gynaecology, SSL Central Hospital of Dongguan, Dongguan Third People’s Hospital, Affiliated Dongguan Shilong People’s
- Corresponding authors: Cuifen Li. Department of Gynaecology, SSL Central Hospital of Dongguan, Dongguan Third People’s Hospital, Affiliated Dongguan Shilong People’s Hospital of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China. Tel/Fax: +86-076981368279; ; Yanyan Liu. Department of Gynaecology, SSL Central Hospital of Dongguan, Dongguan Third People’s Hospital, Affiliated Dongguan Shilong People’s Hospital of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China. Tel/Fax: + 86-076981368278;
| | - Yanyan Liu
- Department of Gynaecology, SSL Central Hospital of Dongguan, Dongguan Third People’s Hospital, Affiliated Dongguan Shilong People’s
- Corresponding authors: Cuifen Li. Department of Gynaecology, SSL Central Hospital of Dongguan, Dongguan Third People’s Hospital, Affiliated Dongguan Shilong People’s Hospital of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China. Tel/Fax: +86-076981368279; ; Yanyan Liu. Department of Gynaecology, SSL Central Hospital of Dongguan, Dongguan Third People’s Hospital, Affiliated Dongguan Shilong People’s Hospital of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China. Tel/Fax: + 86-076981368278;
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Wang J, Yang B, Zhang X, Liu S, Pan X, Ma C, Ma S, Yu D, Wu W. Chromobox proteins in cancer: Multifaceted functions and strategies for modulation (Review). Int J Oncol 2023; 62:36. [PMID: 36734270 PMCID: PMC9937689 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2023.5484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromobox (CBX) proteins are important epigenetic regulatory proteins and are widely involved in biological processes, such as embryonic development, the maintenance of stem cell characteristics and the regulation of cell proliferation and apoptosis. Disorder and dysfunction of CBXs in cancer usually lead to the blockade or ectoptic activation of developmental pathways, promoting the occurrence, development and progression of cancer. In the present review, the characteristics and functions of CBXs were first introduced. Subsequently, the expression of CBXs in cancers and the relationship between CBXs and clinical characteristics (mainly cancer grade, stage, metastasis and relapse) and prognosis were discussed. Finally, it was described how CBXs regulate cell proliferation and self‑renewal, apoptosis and the acquisition of malignant phenotypes, such as invasion, migration and chemoresistance, through mechanisms involving epigenetic modification, nuclear translocation, noncoding RNA interactions, transcriptional regulation, posttranslational modifications, protein‑protein interactions, signal transduction and metabolic reprogramming. The study also focused on cancer therapies targeting CBXs. The present review provides new insight and a comprehensive basis for follow‑up research on CBXs and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- Department of Neurovascular Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Xiuhang Zhang
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Shuhan Liu
- Department of Neurovascular Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoqiang Pan
- Department of Neurovascular Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Changkai Ma
- Department of Neurovascular Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Shiqiang Ma
- Department of Neurovascular Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Dehai Yu
- Department of Public Research Platform, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China,Professor Dehai Yu, Public Research Platform, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 1 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China, E-mail:
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Neurovascular Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China,Correspondence to: Professor Wei Wu, Department of Neurovascular Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 1 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China, E-mail:
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Zhao Y, Huang S, Tan X, Long L, He Q, Liang X, Bai J, Li Q, Lin J, Li Y, Liu N, Ma J, Chen Y. N 6 -Methyladenosine-Modified CBX1 Regulates Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Progression Through Heterochromatin Formation and STAT1 Activation. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2205091. [PMID: 36310139 PMCID: PMC9798977 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202205091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Epitranscriptomic remodeling such as N6 -methyladenosine (m6 A) modification plays a critical role in tumor development. However, little is known about the underlying mechanisms connecting m6 A modification and nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) progression. Here, CBX1 is identified, a histone methylation regulator, to be significantly upregulated with m6 A hypomethylation in metastatic NPC tissues. The m6 A-modified CBX1 mRNA transcript is recognized and destabilized by the m6 A reader YTHDF3. Furthermore, it is revealed that CBX1 promotes NPC cell migration, invasion, and proliferation through transcriptional repression of MAP7 via H3K9me3-mediated heterochromatin formation. In addition to its oncogenic effect, CBX1 can facilitate immune evasion through IFN-γ-STAT1 signaling-mediated PD-L1 upregulation. Clinically, CBX1 serves as an independent predictor for unfavorable prognosis in NPC patients. The results reveal a crosstalk between epitranscriptomic and epigenetic regulation in NPC progression, and shed light on the functions of CBX1 in tumorigenesis and immunomodulation, which may provide an appealing therapeutic target in NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Zhao
- Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center of Cancer MedicineGuangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy651 Dongfeng Road EastGuangzhouGuangdong510060China
| | - Shengyan Huang
- Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center of Cancer MedicineGuangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy651 Dongfeng Road EastGuangzhouGuangdong510060China
| | - Xirong Tan
- Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center of Cancer MedicineGuangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy651 Dongfeng Road EastGuangzhouGuangdong510060China
| | - Liufen Long
- Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center of Cancer MedicineGuangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy651 Dongfeng Road EastGuangzhouGuangdong510060China
| | - Qingmei He
- Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center of Cancer MedicineGuangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy651 Dongfeng Road EastGuangzhouGuangdong510060China
| | - Xiaoyu Liang
- Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center of Cancer MedicineGuangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy651 Dongfeng Road EastGuangzhouGuangdong510060China
| | - Jiewen Bai
- Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center of Cancer MedicineGuangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy651 Dongfeng Road EastGuangzhouGuangdong510060China
| | - Qingjie Li
- Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center of Cancer MedicineGuangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy651 Dongfeng Road EastGuangzhouGuangdong510060China
| | - Jiayi Lin
- Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center of Cancer MedicineGuangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy651 Dongfeng Road EastGuangzhouGuangdong510060China
| | - Yingqin Li
- Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center of Cancer MedicineGuangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy651 Dongfeng Road EastGuangzhouGuangdong510060China
| | - Na Liu
- Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center of Cancer MedicineGuangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy651 Dongfeng Road EastGuangzhouGuangdong510060China
| | - Jun Ma
- Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center of Cancer MedicineGuangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy651 Dongfeng Road EastGuangzhouGuangdong510060China
| | - Yupei Chen
- Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center of Cancer MedicineGuangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy651 Dongfeng Road EastGuangzhouGuangdong510060China
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CBX Family Members in Two Major Subtypes of Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Comparative Bioinformatic Analysis. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12102452. [PMID: 36292141 PMCID: PMC9600067 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12102452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The biological function and clinical values of Chromobox (CBX) family proteins in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) are still poorly investigated. This study aimed to compare the expression profiles and clinical relevance of CBXs between the two most frequent subtypes of RCC, clear cell renal cell carcinomas (ccRCC) and papillary renal cell carcinomas (pRCC), and to investigate whether CBXs would play a more or less similar role in the pathogenesis and progression of these RCC subtypes. Considering these two RCC populations in the TCGA database, we built a bioinformatics framework by integrating a computational pipeline with several online tools. CBXs showed a similar trend in ccRCC and pRCC tissues but with some features specific for each subtype. Specifically, the relative expressions of CBX3 and CBX2 were, respectively, the highest and lowest among all CBXs in both RCC subtypes. These data also found confirmation in cellular validation. Except for CBX4 and CBX8, all others were deregulated in the ccRCC subtype. CBX1, CBX6, and CBX7 were also significantly associated with the tumor stage. Further, low expression levels of CBX1, CBX5, CBX6, CBX7, and high expression of CBX8 were associated with poor prognosis. Otherwise, in the pRCC subtype, CBX2, CBX3, CBX7, and CBX8 were deregulated, and CBX2, CBX6, and CBX7 were associated with the tumor stage. In addition, in pRCC patients, low expression levels of CBX2, CBX4, and CBX7 were associated with an unfavorable prognosis. Similarly, CBX3, CBX6, and CBX7 presented the highest alteration rate in both subtypes and were found to be functionally related to histone binding, nuclear chromosomes, and heterochromatin. Furthermore, CBX gene expression levels correlated with immune cell infiltration, suggesting that CBXs might reflect the immune status of RCC subtypes. Our results highlight similarities and differences of CBXs within the two major RCC subtypes, providing new insights for future eligible biomarkers or possible molecular therapeutic targets for these diseases.
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8
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Expression and Prognostic Value of Chromobox Family Proteins in Esophageal Cancer. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13091582. [PMID: 36140750 PMCID: PMC9498422 DOI: 10.3390/genes13091582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Esophageal cancer (EC) is one of the most common human malignant tumors worldwide. Chromobox (CBX) family proteins are significant components of epigenetic regulatory complexes. It is reported that CBXs play critical roles in the oncogenesis and development of various tumors. Nonetheless, their functions and specific roles in EC remain vague and obscure. Methods and Materials: We used multiple bioinformatics tools, including Oncomine, Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis 2 (GEPIA2), UALCAN, Kaplan–Meier plotter, cBioPortal, Metascape, TIMER2 and TISIDB, to investigate the expression profile, gene alterations and prognostic roles of CBX family proteins, as well as their association with clinicopathologic parameters, immune cells and immune regulators. In addition, RT-qPCR, Western blot, CCK8, colony formation, wound healing and transwell assays were performed to investigate the biological functions of CBX3 in EC cells. Results: CBX3 and CBX5 were overexpressed in EC compared to normal tissues. Survival analysis revealed that high expression of CBX1 predicted worse disease-free survival (DFS) in EC patients. Functionally, CBXs might participate in mismatch repair, spliceosome, cell cycle, the Fanconi anemia pathway, tight junction, the mRNA surveillance pathway and the Hippo signaling pathway in EC development. Furthermore, CBXs were related to distinct immune cells infiltration and immune regulators. Additionally, depletion of CBX3 inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion abilities of EC cells. Conclusions: Our study comprehensively investigated the expression pattern, prognostic value, and gene alterations of CBXs in EC, as well as their relationships with clinicopathologic variables, immune cells infiltration and immune regulators. These results suggested that CBX family proteins, especially CBX3, might be potential biomarkers in the progression of EC.
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Pan C, Luo N, Guo K, Wang W, Li L, Fan N, Tian Y. Members of the Chromobox Family Have Prognostic Value in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Front Genet 2022; 13:887925. [PMID: 35677563 PMCID: PMC9168656 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.887925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is the fifth most prevalent malignant tumor, while hepatocellular carcinoma represents the most prevalent subtype worldwide. Previous studies have associated the chromobox family, critical components of epigenetic regulatory complexes, with development of many malignancies owing to their role in inhibiting differentiation and promoting proliferation of cancer cells. However, little is known regarding their function in development and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma. In the present study, we analyzed differential expression, prognostic value, immune cell infiltration, and gene pathway enrichment of chromobox family in hepatocellular carcinoma patients. Next, we performed Pearson’s correlation analysis to determine the relationships between chromobox family proteins with tumor-immune infiltration. Results revealed that high expression of CBX1, CBX2, CBX3, CBX6, and CBX8 was associated with poor survival rates of hepatocellular carcinoma patients. These five factors were used to build prognostic gene models using LASSO Cox regression analysis. Results indicated that high expression of CBX2 and CBX3 proteins was significantly associated with poor prognosis for hepatocellular carcinoma patients. The resulting nomogram revealed that CBX3 and T stages were significantly correlated with prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma patients. Notably, predictive CBX3 was strongly correlated with immune cell infiltration. Furthermore, results from functional enrichment analysis revealed that CBX3 was mainly involved in regulation of methylation of Histone H3-K27. Collectively, these findings suggest that CBX3 could be a biomarker for predicting prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Pan
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Nan Luo
- Department of Infection, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Kun Guo
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Wenbo Wang
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Ning Fan
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yu Tian
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- *Correspondence: Yu Tian,
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10
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Fang X, Wang J, Chen J, Zhuang M, Huang T, Chen Z, Huang Y, Zheng B, Wang X. Identification and Validation of Chromobox Family Members as Potential Prognostic Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets for Human Esophageal Cancer. Front Genet 2022; 13:851390. [PMID: 35464847 PMCID: PMC9019303 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.851390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Chromobox family proteins (CBXs) are vital components of epigenetic regulation complexes and transcriptionally inhibit target genes by modifying the chromatin. Accumulating evidence indicates that CBXs are involved in the initiation and progression of multiple malignancies. However, the expression, function, and clinical relevance such as the prognostic and diagnostic values of different CBXs in esophageal carcinoma (ESCA) are still unclear. Methods: We applied Oncomine, TCGA, GEO, GEPIA, UALCAN, Kaplan–Meier plotter, cBioPortal, Metascape, and TIMER to investigate the roles of CBX family members in ESCA. Additionally, quantitative real-time PCR (RT-PCR), western blot, and immunofluorescence were used to verify the expression of CBX family members in ESCA clinical samples. Results: Compared with normal tissues, the mRNA expression levels of CBX1/3/8 were significantly increased in ESCA, whereas CBX7 mRNA expression was reduced in both the TCGA cohort and GEO cohort. In the TCGA cohort, ROC curves suggested that CBX1/2/3/4/8 had great diagnostic value in ESCA, and the AUCs were above 0.9. Furthermore, upregulation of CBX1/3/8 and downregulation of CBX7 were closely related to the clinicopathological parameters in ESCA patients, such as tumor grades, tumor nodal metastasis status, and TP53 mutation status. The survival analysis indicated that higher CBX1/3/8 mRNA expressions and lower CBX7 expression suggested an unfavorable prognosis in ESCA. High genetic change rate (52%) of CBXs was found in ESCA patients. Functions and pathways of mutations in CBXs and their 50 frequently altered neighbor genes in ESCA patients were investigated; the results showed that DNA repair and DNA replication were correlated to CBX alterations. Moreover, we found a significant correlation between the expression level of CBX family members and the infiltration of immune cells in ESCA. Finally, we verified the expression of CBX family members in clinical samples and found the results were consistent with the databases. Conclusion: Our study implied that CBX1/3/7/8 are potential targets of precision therapy for ESCA patients and new biomarkers for the prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefen Fang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Fujian Institute of Digestive Disease, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Medical University Cancer Center, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Junjun Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujian Provincial Hospital Southern Branch, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jiabing Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Fujian Institute of Digestive Disease, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Medical University Cancer Center, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Mingkai Zhuang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Fujian Institute of Digestive Disease, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Medical University Cancer Center, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Tingxuan Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Fujian Institute of Digestive Disease, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Medical University Cancer Center, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhixin Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Fujian Institute of Digestive Disease, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Medical University Cancer Center, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuehong Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Fujian Institute of Digestive Disease, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Medical University Cancer Center, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Biyun Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology and Fujian Institute of Digestive Disease, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Medical University Cancer Center, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Department of Endoscopy Center, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaozhong Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Fujian Institute of Digestive Disease, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Medical University Cancer Center, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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11
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Hu K, Yao L, Zhou L, Li J. Diverse Chromobox Family Members: Potential Prognostic Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Int J Gen Med 2022; 15:2463-2474. [PMID: 35282653 PMCID: PMC8904945 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s350783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Chromobox (CBX) family members were involved in a variety of physiological and oncological processes through the regulation of the epigenetic modification of chromatin. However, the comprehensive analysis of the CBX family in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC) is lacking. Methods In this work, we used multiple online databases and tools to investigate the roles of CBX family in aspects of gene expression, prognostic evaluation, genetic alteration, immune micro-environment of tumor, and status of methylation. Results The mRNA expression levels of CBX1, CBX3, and CBX5 were aberrantly increased in patients with HNSC, while CBX7 was aberrantly decreased. Higher expression of CBX7 was significantly associated with longer OS. Within the 5–11% of genetic alteration rate of CBXs, CBX3 ranked the highest and CBX5/7 ranked the lowest. SPRR1B, S100A7, CASP14, CDSN, LCE3D were the top 5 neighbor genes with the strongest association with CBXs in HNSC patients. Signaling pathways such as epidermal cell differentiation, cornification, and peptide cross-linking were demonstrated to have a strong association with CBX genes. The profiles of immune cell infiltration had high similarity for the group of HNSC patients stratified by expression of CBXs. The methylation levels of CBX1 and CBX5 significantly decreased, while that of CBX7 significantly increased in HNSC samples when compared with normal tissue. Conclusion In conclusion, the CBX family showed its valuation for further investigation in HNSC. Our research highlighted that CBX7 had the potential to be a novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for patients with HNSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan Hu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Yao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Juanni Li
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Juanni Li, Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People’s Republic of China, Email
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12
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Parreno V, Martinez AM, Cavalli G. Mechanisms of Polycomb group protein function in cancer. Cell Res 2022; 32:231-253. [PMID: 35046519 PMCID: PMC8888700 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-021-00606-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer arises from a multitude of disorders resulting in loss of differentiation and a stem cell-like phenotype characterized by uncontrolled growth. Polycomb Group (PcG) proteins are members of multiprotein complexes that are highly conserved throughout evolution. Historically, they have been described as essential for maintaining epigenetic cellular memory by locking homeotic genes in a transcriptionally repressed state. What was initially thought to be a function restricted to a few target genes, subsequently turned out to be of much broader relevance, since the main role of PcG complexes is to ensure a dynamically choregraphed spatio-temporal regulation of their numerous target genes during development. Their ability to modify chromatin landscapes and refine the expression of master genes controlling major switches in cellular decisions under physiological conditions is often misregulated in tumors. Surprisingly, their functional implication in the initiation and progression of cancer may be either dependent on Polycomb complexes, or specific for a subunit that acts independently of other PcG members. In this review, we describe how misregulated Polycomb proteins play a pleiotropic role in cancer by altering a broad spectrum of biological processes such as the proliferation-differentiation balance, metabolism and the immune response, all of which are crucial in tumor progression. We also illustrate how interfering with PcG functions can provide a powerful strategy to counter tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Parreno
- Institute of Human Genetics, UMR 9002, CNRS-University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Anne-Marie Martinez
- Institute of Human Genetics, UMR 9002, CNRS-University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
| | - Giacomo Cavalli
- Institute of Human Genetics, UMR 9002, CNRS-University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
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13
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Jeon YH, Kim GW, Kim SY, Yi SA, Yoo J, Kim JY, Lee SW, Kwon SH. Heterochromatin Protein 1: A Multiplayer in Cancer Progression. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14030763. [PMID: 35159030 PMCID: PMC8833910 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of epigenetic mechanisms as well as genomic mutations contribute to the initiation and progression of cancer. In addition to histone code writers, including histone lysine methyltransferase (KMT), and histone code erasers, including histone lysine demethylase (KDM), histone code reader proteins such as HP1 are associated with abnormal chromatin regulation in human diseases. Heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1) recognizes histone H3 lysine 9 methylation and broadly affects chromatin biology, such as heterochromatin formation and maintenance, transcriptional regulation, DNA repair, chromatin remodeling, and chromosomal segregation. Molecular functions of HP1 proteins have been extensively studied, although their exact roles in diseases require further study. Here, we comprehensively review the studies that have revealed the altered expression of HP1 and its functions in tumorigenesis. In particular, the distinctive effects of each HP1 subtype, namely HP1α, HP1β, and HP1γ, have been thoroughly explored in various cancer types. We also highlight how HP1 can serve as a potential biomarker for cancer prognosis and therapeutic target for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Hyun Jeon
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Korea; (Y.H.J.); (G.W.K.); (S.Y.K.); (J.Y.); (J.Y.K.); (S.W.L.)
| | - Go Woon Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Korea; (Y.H.J.); (G.W.K.); (S.Y.K.); (J.Y.); (J.Y.K.); (S.W.L.)
| | - So Yeon Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Korea; (Y.H.J.); (G.W.K.); (S.Y.K.); (J.Y.); (J.Y.K.); (S.W.L.)
| | - Sang Ah Yi
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea;
| | - Jung Yoo
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Korea; (Y.H.J.); (G.W.K.); (S.Y.K.); (J.Y.); (J.Y.K.); (S.W.L.)
| | - Ji Yoon Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Korea; (Y.H.J.); (G.W.K.); (S.Y.K.); (J.Y.); (J.Y.K.); (S.W.L.)
| | - Sang Wu Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Korea; (Y.H.J.); (G.W.K.); (S.Y.K.); (J.Y.); (J.Y.K.); (S.W.L.)
| | - So Hee Kwon
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Korea; (Y.H.J.); (G.W.K.); (S.Y.K.); (J.Y.); (J.Y.K.); (S.W.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-32-749-4513
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14
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Hu K, Yao L, Xu Z, Yan Y, Li J. Prognostic Value and Therapeutic Potential of CBX Family Members in Ovarian Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:832354. [PMID: 35155439 PMCID: PMC8829121 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.832354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Ovarian cancer (OV) is one of the common malignant tumors and has a poor prognosis. Chromobox (CBX) family proteins are critical components of epigenetic regulation complexes that repress target genes transcriptionally via chromatin modification. Some studies have investigated the function specifications among several CBXs members in multiple cancer types, however, little is known about the functions and prognostic roles of distinct CBXs family proteins in ovarian cancer. Methods: In this study, several bioinformatics databases and in vitro experiments were used to analyze the expression profiles, prognostic values, and therapeutic potential of the CBXs family (CBX1-8) in ovarian cancer. Results: It was found that higher expression of CBX3/8 and lower expression of CBX1/6/7 were detected in OV tissues. CBX2/4/5/8 were significantly correlated with individual cancer stages of OV. The expression of CBX1/2/3 were all significantly associated with worse overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) for OV patients, whereas the expression of other five CBXs members showed either irrelevant (CBX5 and CBX8) or inconsistent (CBX4, CBX6, and CBX7) results for both OS and PFS in OV. These results showed that only CBX3 had consistent results in expression and prognosis. Further cell experiments also showed that CBX3 promoted the proliferation of ovarian cancer cells. CBX3 was highly expressed in chemoresistant OV tissues. These results indicated that CBX3 was the most likely prognostic indicator and new therapeutic target in OV. Furthermore, gene enrichment analysis suggests that the CBXs family was primarily involved in mast cell activation and mast cell mediated immunity. Individual CBXs members were associated with varying degrees of the infiltration of immune cells, especially B cells. Finally, a high genetic alteration rate of CBXs family (39%) was observed in OV. The low methylation status of CBX3/8 in OV may be associated with their high expression levels. Conclusions: Taken together, these findings exhibited the pivotal value of CBXs family members (especially CBX3) in the prognosis and chemoresistance of ovarian cancer. Our results may provide new insight to explore new prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan Hu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lei Yao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhijie Xu
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuanliang Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Juanni Li, ; Yuanliang Yan,
| | - Juanni Li
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Juanni Li, ; Yuanliang Yan,
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15
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Smith JJ, Xiao Y, Parsan N, Medwig-Kinney TN, Martinez MAQ, Moore FEQ, Palmisano NJ, Kohrman AQ, Chandhok Delos Reyes M, Adikes RC, Liu S, Bracht SA, Zhang W, Wen K, Kratsios P, Matus DQ. The SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling assemblies BAF and PBAF differentially regulate cell cycle exit and cellular invasion in vivo. PLoS Genet 2022; 18:e1009981. [PMID: 34982771 PMCID: PMC8759636 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromatin remodelers such as the SWI/SNF complex coordinate metazoan development through broad regulation of chromatin accessibility and transcription, ensuring normal cell cycle control and cellular differentiation in a lineage-specific and temporally restricted manner. Mutations in genes encoding the structural subunits of chromatin, such as histone subunits, and chromatin regulating factors are associated with a variety of disease mechanisms including cancer metastasis, in which cancer co-opts cellular invasion programs functioning in healthy cells during development. Here we utilize Caenorhabditis elegans anchor cell (AC) invasion as an in vivo model to identify the suite of chromatin agents and chromatin regulating factors that promote cellular invasiveness. We demonstrate that the SWI/SNF ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complex is a critical regulator of AC invasion, with pleiotropic effects on both G0 cell cycle arrest and activation of invasive machinery. Using targeted protein degradation and enhanced RNA interference (RNAi) vectors, we show that SWI/SNF contributes to AC invasion in a dose-dependent fashion, with lower levels of activity in the AC corresponding to aberrant cell cycle entry and increased loss of invasion. Our data specifically implicate the SWI/SNF BAF assembly in the regulation of the G0 cell cycle arrest in the AC, whereas the SWI/SNF PBAF assembly promotes AC invasion via cell cycle-independent mechanisms, including attachment to the basement membrane (BM) and activation of the pro-invasive fos-1/FOS gene. Together these findings demonstrate that the SWI/SNF complex is necessary for two essential components of AC invasion: arresting cell cycle progression and remodeling the BM. The work here provides valuable single-cell mechanistic insight into how the SWI/SNF assemblies differentially contribute to cellular invasion and how SWI/SNF subunit-specific disruptions may contribute to tumorigeneses and cancer metastasis. Cellular invasion is required for animal development and homeostasis. Inappropriate activation of invasion however can result in cancer metastasis. Invasion programs are orchestrated by complex gene regulatory networks (GRN) that function in a coordinated fashion to turn on and off pro-invasive genes. While the core of GRNs are DNA binding transcription factors, they require aid from chromatin remodelers to access the genome. To identify the suite of pro-invasive chromatin remodelers, we paired high resolution imaging with RNA interference to individually knockdown 269 chromatin factors, identifying the evolutionarily conserved SWItching defective/Sucrose Non-Fermenting (SWI/SNF) ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complex as a new regulator of Caenorhabditis elegans anchor cell (AC) invasion. Using a combination of CRISPR/Cas9 genome engineering and targeted protein degradation we demonstrate that the core SWI/SNF complex functions in a dose-dependent manner to control invasion. Further, we determine that the accessory SWI/SNF complexes, BAF and PBAF, contribute to invasion via distinctive mechanisms: BAF is required to prevent inappropriate proliferation while PBAF promotes AC attachment and remodeling of the basement membrane. Together, our data provide insights into how the SWI/SNF complex, which is mutated in many human cancers, can function in a dose-dependent fashion to regulate switching from invasive to proliferative fates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayson J. Smith
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Yutong Xiao
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Nithin Parsan
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Taylor N. Medwig-Kinney
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Michael A. Q. Martinez
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Frances E. Q. Moore
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Nicholas J. Palmisano
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Abraham Q. Kohrman
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Mana Chandhok Delos Reyes
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Rebecca C. Adikes
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
- Biology Department, Siena College, Loudonville, New York, United States of America
| | - Simeiyun Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
| | - Sydney A. Bracht
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Wan Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Kailong Wen
- The Grossman Institute for Neuroscience, Quantitative Biology, and Human Behavior, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Paschalis Kratsios
- The Grossman Institute for Neuroscience, Quantitative Biology, and Human Behavior, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - David Q. Matus
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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16
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Hu CY, Li X, Zeng T, Ye DM, Li YK, Yan HX. Significance of chromobox protein (CBX) expression in diffuse LBCL. Gene 2021; 813:146092. [PMID: 34896523 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.146092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the main pathological type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Chromobox (CBX) family proteins are classical components of polycomb group (PcG) complexes in many cancer types, resulting in accelerated carcinogenesis. Nevertheless, the prognostic, functional and expression significance of these CBX family members in DLBCL remain unclear and elusive. METHODS CBX transcriptional levels were confirmed using Oncomine, Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) and Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE) databases. The protein levels of CBX family members were analysed using The Human Protein Atlas (HPA) database. Information on the PPI network, functional enrichment, drug sensitivity, prognostic value, miRNA network, protein structure, genetic alteration and immune cell infiltration were generated using the GeneMANIA, Metascape, GSCALite, GEPIA, PDB, cBioPortal, and TIMER databases, and the correlation of these factors with CBX expression levels in DLBCL was assessed. RESULTS CBX1/2/3/5/6/8 mRNA levels were significantly enhanced in DLBCL tissues compared to corresponding normal tissues. CBX1/3/4/5/8 protein expression levels were obviously increased, whereas CBX7 was obviously decreased. This difference might be attributed to miRNA regulation based on the miRNA network. Overall survival (OS) analysis showed that CBX levels were not correlated with prognosis in DLBCL patients, indicating that CBXs are not good biomarkers for DLBCL patients. Furthermore, functional enrichment analyses indicated that CBXs were closely related to DNA duplex unwinding, covalent chromatin modification, and histone lysine methylation. The levels of CBXs were also significantly associated with diverse immune cell infiltration in DLBCL. CONCLUSIONS This study reveals that dysregulated CBXs are involved in DLBCL development and might represent potential therapeutic targets for DLBCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yan Hu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
| | - Xuan Li
- Department of Embryo Laboratory, Changsha Reproductive Medical Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410000, PR China
| | - Tian Zeng
- Hengyang Medical College & Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study & Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, PR China
| | - Dong-Mei Ye
- Department of Pathology, The First Hospital of Nanchang City, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330008, PR China
| | - Yu-Kun Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
| | - Hong-Xia Yan
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China.
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17
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Li F, Sun X, Liu Q, Liu X, Zhang J. Long Noncoding RNA MIR100HG Knockdown Attenuates Hepatocellular Carcinoma Progression by Regulating MicroRNA-146b-5p/Chromobox 6. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2021; 2021:6832518. [PMID: 34381502 PMCID: PMC8352691 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6832518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) accounts for approximately ninety percent of primary liver cancer. This study attempted to investigate the effects of the long noncoding RNA MIR100HG (MIR100HG) in HCC and the underlying molecular mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS qRT-PCR was implemented to analyze the expression of MIR100HG, microRNA-146b-5p (miR-146b-5p), and Chromobox 6 (CBX6). The correlation between MIR100HG and clinicopathological features of HCC patients was assessed. Additionally, the effects of MIR100HG knockdown on HCC cell viability, migration, and invasion were explored. The interactions among MIR100HG, miR-146b-5p, and CBX6 were confirmed. Furthermore, rescue experiments were conducted to investigate whether MIR100HG knockdown modulates HCC cell behaviors through modulating the miR-146b-5p/CBX6 axis. RESULTS The expression of MIR100HG and CBX6 was enhanced, while miR-146b-5p was inhibited in HCC cells. High MIR100HG expression was positively associated with the TNM tumor stage and Edmondson-Steiner grading in HCC patients. MIR100HG knockdown considerably reduced the HCC cell viability, migration, and invasion. In addition, MIR100HG directly targeted miR-146b-5p, and miR-146b-5p directly targeted CBX6 in HCC cells. Moreover, miR-146b-5p suppression or CBX6 elevation evidently rescued the suppressed viability, migration, and invasion of HCC cells caused by MIR100HG knockdown. CONCLUSIONS Knockdown of MIR100HG inhibited the viability, migration, and invasion of HCC cells by targeting the miR-146b-5p/CBX6 axis, offering a potential therapeutic target for HCC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fushun Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Wei Fang Yi Du Central Hospital, No. 4318, South Linglong Mountain Road, Qingzhou County, Weifang City, Shandong Province 262500, China
| | - Xianghua Sun
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Wei Fang Yi Du Central Hospital, No. 4318, South Linglong Mountain Road, Qingzhou County, Weifang City, Shandong Province 262500, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Wei Fang Yi Du Central Hospital, No. 4318, South Linglong Mountain Road, Qingzhou County, Weifang City, Shandong Province 262500, China
| | - Xilu Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Wei Fang Yi Du Central Hospital, No. 4318, South Linglong Mountain Road, Qingzhou County, Weifang City, Shandong Province 262500, China
| | - Jia Zhang
- Health Care Department I, Weifang People's Hospital, No. 151, Guangwen Street, Kuiwen District, Weifang City, Shandong Province 261041, China
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18
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Zhu Y, Pu Z, Li Z, Lin Y, Li N, Peng F. Comprehensive Analysis of the Expression and Prognosis Value of Chromobox Family Members in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:700528. [PMID: 34395271 PMCID: PMC8357267 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.700528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) accounts for 80% of all renal cancers and has a poor prognosis. Chromobox (CBX) family protein expression has been reported in a variety of human malignancies, but the roles of CBXs in ccRCC remain unclear. In this study, by using ONCOMINE, UALCAN, GEPIA, Kaplan-Meier Plotter, cBioPortal, and TIMER, we found the transcriptional levels of CBX3 and CBX4 in ccRCC tissues were significantly higher than those in normal kidney tissues, whereas the transcriptional levels of CBX1, CBX5, CBX6, and CBX7 were significantly reduced in ccRCC tissues. The promoters of CBX2, CBX3, CBX4, CBX5, CBX6, CBX7, and CBX8 were hypermethylated, whereas the CBX1 promoter was hypomethylated in ccRCC. The expression of CBX1, CBX3, CBX4, CBX5, CBX6, and CBX7 was significantly associated with clinicopathological parameters in ccRCC patients. ccRCC patients with high expression levels of CBX3, CBX4, and CBX8 and low expression levels of CBX1, CBX5, CBX6, and CBX7 showed a strong association with poor overall survival. Genetic alterations in CBXs were correlated with poor overall survival and disease-free survival in patients with ccRCC. Moreover, we found significant associations between the expression of CBXs and infiltration of immune cells (B cells, CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells). Our results provide novel insights into the development of CBX-based biomarkers and therapeutic targets for ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zhu
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhangya Pu
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hunan Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhenfen Li
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ying Lin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Fang Peng
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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19
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He M, Yue L, Wang H, Yu F, Yu M, Ni P, Zhang K, Chen S, Duan G, Zhang R. Evaluation of the prognostic value of CBXs in gastric cancer patients. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12375. [PMID: 34117289 PMCID: PMC8196000 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91649-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromobox (CBX) proteins were suggested to exert epigenetic regulatory and transcriptionally repressing effects on target genes and might play key roles in the carcinogenesis of a variety of carcinomas. Nevertheless, the functions and prognostic significance of CBXs in gastric cancer (GC) remain unclear. The current study investigated the roles of CBXs in the prognosis of GC using the Oncomine, The Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA), UALCAN, The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), and cBioPortal databases. CBX1/2/3/4/5 were significantly upregulated in GC tissues compared with normal tissues, and CBX7 was downregulated. Multivariate analysis showed that high mRNA expression levels of CBX3/8 were independent prognostic factors for prolonged OS in GC patients. In addition, the genetic mutation rate of CBXs was 37% in GC patients, and genetic alterations in CBXs showed no association with OS or disease-free survival (DFS) in GC patients. These results indicated that CBX3/8 can be prognostic biomarkers for the survival of GC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengya He
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No.100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Limin Yue
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No.100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No.100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Feiyan Yu
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No.100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Mingyang Yu
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No.100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Peng Ni
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No.100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No.100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Shuaiyin Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No.100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Guangcai Duan
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No.100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Rongguang Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Hainan Medical University, Longhua District, No.3 Xueyuan Road, Haikou, 570216, China. .,Department of Experimentation Center, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No.100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
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20
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Zhang S, Jiang VC, Han G, Hao D, Lian J, Liu Y, Zhang R, McIntosh J, Wang R, Dang M, Dai E, Wang Y, Santos D, Badillo M, Leeming A, Chen Z, Hartig K, Bigcal J, Zhou J, Kanagal-Shamanna R, Ok CY, Lee H, Steiner RE, Zhang J, Song X, Nair R, Ahmed S, Rodriquez A, Thirumurthi S, Jain P, Wagner-Bartak N, Hill H, Nomie K, Flowers C, Futreal A, Wang L, Wang M. Longitudinal single-cell profiling reveals molecular heterogeneity and tumor-immune evolution in refractory mantle cell lymphoma. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2877. [PMID: 34001881 PMCID: PMC8128874 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22872-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms driving therapeutic resistance and poor outcomes of mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) are incompletely understood. We characterize the cellular and molecular heterogeneity within and across patients and delineate the dynamic evolution of tumor and immune cell compartments at single cell resolution in longitudinal specimens from ibrutinib-sensitive patients and non-responders. Temporal activation of multiple cancer hallmark pathways and acquisition of 17q are observed in a refractory MCL. Multi-platform validation is performed at genomic and cellular levels in PDX models and larger patient cohorts. We demonstrate that due to 17q gain, BIRC5/survivin expression is upregulated in resistant MCL tumor cells and targeting BIRC5 results in marked tumor inhibition in preclinical models. In addition, we discover notable differences in the tumor microenvironment including progressive dampening of CD8+ T cells and aberrant cell-to-cell communication networks in refractory MCLs. This study reveals diverse and dynamic tumor and immune programs underlying therapy resistance in MCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaojun Zhang
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Vivian Changying Jiang
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Guangchun Han
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Dapeng Hao
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Junwei Lian
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rongjia Zhang
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Joseph McIntosh
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ruiping Wang
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Minghao Dang
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Enyu Dai
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yuanxin Wang
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - David Santos
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Maria Badillo
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Angela Leeming
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zhihong Chen
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kimberly Hartig
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - John Bigcal
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jia Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Rashmi Kanagal-Shamanna
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Chi Young Ok
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hun Lee
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Raphael E Steiner
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xingzhi Song
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ranjit Nair
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sairah Ahmed
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Alma Rodriquez
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Selvi Thirumurthi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepathology & Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Preetesh Jain
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nicolaus Wagner-Bartak
- Department of Abdominal Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Holly Hill
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Krystle Nomie
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Christopher Flowers
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Andrew Futreal
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Linghua Wang
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
- MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Michael Wang
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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21
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Zhou J, Chen Z, Zou M, Wan R, Wu T, Luo Y, Wu G, Wang W, Liu T. Prognosis and Immune Infiltration of Chromobox Family Genes in Sarcoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:657595. [PMID: 34046352 PMCID: PMC8147558 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.657595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chromobox family genes (CBXs) are known to play roles in numerous modifications of the chromatin in order to inhibit the transcription of target genes. CBXs have been shown to be expressed at high levels in many types of cancer and can also serve as a target gene for therapeutic purposes. However, little is known about the expression and prognostic value of CBXs in human sarcomas. Methods The transcription level of CBXs was analyzed using the Oncomine dataset, and the differential expression of CBXs in sarcoma was reported by the Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) dataset. We also used the CCLE dataset to evaluate the expression of CBXs in a sarcoma cell line. The prognostic value of CBXs was analyzed using GEPIA and Kaplan–Meier analysis. In addition, the corrections between CBXs and their co-expressed genes were reported using Oncomine and GEPIA datasets. DAVID was used to perform GO function enrichment analysis for the CBXs and their co-expression genes. Finally, TIMER was used to analyze the immune cell infiltration of CBXs in patients with sarcoma. Results HP1-α/β/γ (CBX1/3/5) and CBX4/6/8 were found to be overexpressed in human sarcoma, and CBXs were upregulated in almost all the sarcoma cell line. The expression levels of HP1-α/β/γ (CBX1/3/5) and CBX7 were associated with overall survival (OS) in patients with sarcoma, while high expression levels of CBX7 were related to disease-free survival (DFS). In addition, the expression levels of CBX2/6/7 were related to recurrence-free survival (RFS). We also found that the CBX family was positively correlated with the infiltration of immune cells, including CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, B cells, macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells, in sarcoma. Conclusions The results from the present study indicated that CBXs were significantly associated with prognosis and immunological status in sarcoma. These data suggest that CBXs could serve as potential biomarkers for prognosis and immune infiltration in human sarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ziyuan Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ming Zou
- Department of Orthopedics, Brain Hospital of Hunan Province (The Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province), Changsha, China
| | - Rongjun Wan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Tong Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yingquan Luo
- Department of General Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Gen Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Clinical Medicine Eight-Year Program, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wanchun Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Tang Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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22
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van Wijnen AJ, Bagheri L, Badreldin AA, Larson AN, Dudakovic A, Thaler R, Paradise CR, Wu Z. Biological functions of chromobox (CBX) proteins in stem cell self-renewal, lineage-commitment, cancer and development. Bone 2021; 143:115659. [PMID: 32979540 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic regulatory proteins support mammalian development, cancer, aging and tissue repair by controlling many cellular processes including stem cell self-renewal, lineage-commitment and senescence in both skeletal and non-skeletal tissues. We review here our knowledge of epigenetic regulatory protein complexes that support the formation of inaccessible heterochromatin and suppress expression of cell and tissue-type specific biomarkers during development. Maintenance and formation of heterochromatin critically depends on epigenetic regulators that recognize histone 3 lysine trimethylation at residues K9 and K27 (respectively, H3K9me3 and H3K27me3), which represent transcriptionally suppressive epigenetic marks. Three chromobox proteins (i.e., CBX1, CBX3 or CBX5) associated with the heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1) complex are methyl readers that interpret H3K9me3 marks which are mediated by H3K9 methyltransferases (i.e., SUV39H1 or SUV39H2). Other chromobox proteins (i.e., CBX2, CBX4, CBX6, CBX7 and CBX8) recognize H3K27me3, which is deposited by Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2; a complex containing SUZ12, EED, RBAP46/48 and the methyl transferases EZH1 or EZH2). This second set of CBX proteins resides in PRC1, which has many subunits including other polycomb group factors (PCGF1, PCGF2, PCGF3, PCGF4, PCGF5, PCGF6), human polyhomeotic homologs (HPH1, HPH2, HPH3) and E3-ubiquitin ligases (RING1 or RING2). The latter enzymes catalyze the subsequent mono-ubiquitination of lysine 119 in H2A (H2AK119ub). We discuss biological, cellular and molecular functions of CBX proteins and their physiological and pathological activities in non-skeletal cells and tissues in anticipation of new discoveries on novel roles for CBX proteins in bone formation and skeletal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre J van Wijnen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America; Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America.
| | - Leila Bagheri
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America.
| | - Amr A Badreldin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America.
| | - A Noelle Larson
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America.
| | - Amel Dudakovic
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America.
| | - Roman Thaler
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America.
| | - Christopher R Paradise
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America; Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Zhong Wu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
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23
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Identification of the Roles of Chromobox Family Members in Gastric Cancer: A Study Based on Multiple Datasets. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:5306509. [PMID: 33344640 PMCID: PMC7732380 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5306509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background As the important components in polycomb repressive complexes 1 (PRC1) and heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1), Chromobox (CBX) family members are involved in epigenetic regulatory function, transcriptional repression, and other cellular metabolisms. Increasing studies have indicated significant associations between CBX and tumorigenesis, which is a progression in different types of cancers. However, the information about the roles of each CBX in gastric cancer is extremely limited. Methods We explored CBX mRNA expression, corrections with clinicopathological parameters, protein expression, prognostic values, enrichment analysis with several databases including Oncomine, Human Protein Atlas, UALCAN, Kaplan-Meier plotter, cBioPortal, GeneMANIA, and Enrichr. Results In our study, comparing to the normal tissues, higher mRNA expression of CBX1/2/3/4/5/8 and lower mRNA expression of CBX7 were found in GC tissues while upregulations of CBX1/2/3/4/5/8 and downregulations of CBX7 were indicated to be significantly correlated to the nodal metastasis status and individual cancer stages in GC patients. As for protein level, the expression of CBX2/3/4/5/6 was higher and the expression of CBX7 was lower in the GC tissues than those in the normal. What is more, higher mRNA expression of CBX1/5/6/8 and lower mRNA expression of CBX7 were markedly correlated to poor outcomes of OS and FP in GC patients. Besides, high mutation rate of CBXs (42%) was observed in GC patients. Conclusions We suggest that CBX5/7 may serve as potential therapeutic targets for GC while CBX1/8 may serve as potential prognostic indicators for GC.
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24
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Lin K, Zhu J, Hu C, Bu F, Luo C, Zhu X, Zhu Z. Comprehensive analysis of the prognosis for chromobox family in gastric cancer. J Gastrointest Oncol 2020; 11:932-951. [PMID: 33209489 DOI: 10.21037/jgo-20-208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chromobox (CBX) family proteins are a class of transcriptional repressors involved in epigenetic regulation and developmental processes of various tumors, including gastric cancer. However, the function and prognosis of different CBXs in gastric cancer remain unknown. Methods This study addresses this issue by synthesizing several mainstream databases (Oncomine, GEPIA2, cBioportal, and Kaplan-Meier plotter, among others) that currently contain many tumor samples and provide very reliable analysis results, investigating the role of CBXs in the prognosis of gastric cancer. Results The mRNA of CBX1/2/3/4/5/8 was highly expressed in gastric cancer, the mRNA of CBX7 was lowly expressed in gastric cancer, and the mRNA expression of CBX6 was not significantly different in CRC. Besides, high and low CBXs mRNA expression correlated with cancer stage, node metastasis status, H. pylori infection status, and tumor grade in CRC patients. We found that high mRNA expression of CBX4/5/6/7/8 was significantly associated with worse overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (FP), and post-progression survival (PPS) in a large number of CRC patients. High mRNA expression of CBX3 was significantly associated with better OS and FP. We also found that none of the eight CBXs family genes had a mutation rate of less than 5% in gastric cancer, and the highest mutation rate was in CBX3 (14%). Conclusions These results suggest that CBX3/4/5/6/7/8 could be a prognostic biomarker in gastric cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Lin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jinfeng Zhu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Cegui Hu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Fanqin Bu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Chen Luo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaojian Zhu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhengming Zhu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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25
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Ma T, Ma N, Chen JL, Tang FX, Zong Z, Yu ZM, Chen S, Zhou TC. Expression and prognostic value of Chromobox family members in gastric cancer. J Gastrointest Oncol 2020; 11:983-998. [PMID: 33209492 DOI: 10.21037/jgo-20-223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Chromobox (CBX) protein family, which is a crucial part of the epigenetic regulatory complex, plays an important role in the occurrence and development of cancer; however, the function and prognostic value of CBX family members in gastric cancer is not clear. Methods we investigated the relationship between CBX members and gastric cancer using a range of tools and databases: Oncomine, Kaplan-Meier plotter, cBioPortal, ULCAN, Metascape, and GEPIA. Results The results showed that, relative to normal gastric tissue, mRNA expression levels of CBX1-6 were significantly higher in gastric cancer tissue, whereas the level of CBX7 was significantly lower. Furthermore, overexpression of CBX3-6 and underexpression of CBX7 mRNAs was significantly related to the poor prognosis and survival of gastric cancer patients, making these CBX family members useful biomarkers. Finally, overexpression of CBX1 mRNA was significantly related to the poor prognosis of gastric cancer patients treated with adjuvant 5-fluorouracil-based chemotherapy. Conclusions The members of the CBX family can be used as prognosis and survival biomarkers for gastric cancer and CBX1 may be a biomarker for choosing the chemotherapy regimen of gastric cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Ma
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery and Hernia Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ning Ma
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery and Hernia Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Lin Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery and Hernia Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fu-Xin Tang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery and Hernia Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhen Zong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhuo-Min Yu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery and Hernia Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuang Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery and Hernia Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tai-Cheng Zhou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery and Hernia Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangzhou, China
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G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER-1) and agonist G-1 inhibit growth of ovarian cancer cells by activation of anti-tumoral transcriptome responses: impact of GPER-1 mRNA on survival. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2020; 146:3175-3188. [PMID: 32813115 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-020-03333-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The present study intended to further elucidate the role of G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER-1) in ovarian cancer by comparing the effects of a GPER-1 knockdown and treatment with its agonist G-1 on cell growth, apoptosis, and the transcriptome of two ovarian cancer cell lines. Furthermore, the role of GPER-1 in ovarian cancer survival was examined. METHODS GPER-1 expression in OVCAR-3 and OAW-42 ovarian cancer cells was knocked down by RNAi. The effects on cell growth were measured by means of the fluorimetric cell titer blue assay and on the transcriptome by Affymetrix GeneChip analysis. The effect of GPER-1 on patient's survival was examined using open source mRNA and clinical data of 1657 ovarian cancer patients. RESULTS GPER-1 knockdown resulted in a significant growth stimulation of both cell lines, whereas treatment with agonist G-1 decreased growth of both cell lines in a dose-dependent manner. Transcriptome analyses revealed a set of 18 genes being conversely regulated after GPER-1 knockdown and G-1 treatment. Generally, treatment with G-1 led to a transcriptome response associated with growth inhibition. In contrast, knockdown of GPER-1 exerted opposite effects, stimulating pathways activating mitosis, but inhibiting pathways associated with apoptosis or interferon signaling. Further analyses using open-access mRNA and clinical data by bioinformatical online tools revealed a longer OS (HR = 0.86, p = 0.057) and PFS (HR = 0.81, p = 0.0035) of ovarian cancer patients with high GPER-1 mRNA expression. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study clearly support the hypothesis that GPER-1 acts as a tumor suppressor in ovarian cancer.
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Xu Y, Pan S, Song Y, Pan C, Chen C, Zhu X. The Prognostic Value of the Chromobox Family in Human Ovarian Cancer. J Cancer 2020; 11:5198-5209. [PMID: 32742466 PMCID: PMC7378907 DOI: 10.7150/jca.44475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is one of the most lethal gynecologic tumors in women and has a poor prognosis. The purpose of our study was to identify new prognostic markers in ovarian cancer. We examined the prognostic roles of mRNA expression of the chromobox (CBX) family in patients with ovarian cancer utilizing the Kaplan-Meier plotter database. The prognostic values and expression levels of CBX members associated with prognosis were further evaluated using KM plotter in diverse subgroups and immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis in ovarian carcinoma. The results revealed that elevated CBX1-3 mRNA expression may predict poor overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) outcomes in patients with ovarian cancer. Notably, in women with ovarian cancer, increased CBX1 mRNA expression was linked to a short OS in all stages and in the grade II and grade III subgroups. Additionally, CBX2 and CBX3 were strongly related to short OS in stage III+IV patients, and a link between high CBX3 mRNA expression and unfavorable OS in grade II patients was observed. High expression levels of CBX1 and CBX3 were significantly associated with chemotherapy resistance in ovarian cancer patients. IHC staining showed that the CBX1-3 proteins were upregulated in serous ovarian carcinoma tissues compared with normal ovarian tissues. Therefore, our results indicated that CBX1-3 could be attractive biomarkers for predicting poor prognosis of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichi Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shuya Pan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yizuo Song
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chunyu Pan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xueqiong Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Transcriptional expressions of Chromobox 1/2/3/6/8 as independent indicators for survivals in hepatocellular carcinoma patients. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 10:3450-3473. [PMID: 30481161 PMCID: PMC6286817 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Chromobox (CBX) proteins are important components of epigenetic regulation complexes known to play key roles in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Little is known about the function of distinct CBXs in HCC. To address this issue, the study investigated the roles of CBXs in the prognosis of HCC using ONCOMINE, UALCAN, Human Protein Atlas, Kaplan-Meier Plotter, c-BioPortal databases. Over expressions of 8 CBXs members were found to be significantly associated with clinical cancer stages and pathological tumor grades in HCC patients. Besides, higher mRNA expressions of CBX1/2/3/6/8 were found to be significantly associated with shorter overall survival (OS) in HCC patients, while higher mRNA expression of CBX7 was associated with favorable OS. Multivariate analysis also showed that high mRNA expressions of CBX1/2/3/6/8 were independent prognostic factors for shorter OS of HCC patients. Moreover, high mutation rate of CBXs (51%) was also observed in HCC patients, and genetic alteration in CBXs was associated with shorter OS and disease-free survival (DFS) in HCC patients. Taken together, these results indicated that CBX1/2/3/6/8 could be prognostic biomarkers for survivals of HCC patients.
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Profiling of LINE-1-Related Genes in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030645. [PMID: 30717368 PMCID: PMC6387036 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a prime public health concern that accounts for most of the primary liver malignancies in humans. The most common etiological factor of HCC is hepatitis B virus (HBV). Despite recent advances in treatment strategies, there has been little success in improving the survival of HCC patients. To develop a novel therapeutic approach, evaluation of a working hypothesis based on different viewpoints might be important. Long interspersed element 1 (L1) retrotransposons have been suggested to play a role in HCC. However, the molecular machineries that can modulate L1 biology in HBV-related HCC have not been well-evaluated. Here, we summarize the profiles of expression and/or activation status of L1-related genes in HBV-related HCC, and HBV- and HCC-related genes that may impact L1-mediated tumorigenesis. L1 restriction factors appear to be suppressed by HBV infection. Since some of the L1 restriction factors also limit HBV, these factors may be exhausted in HBV-infected cells, which causes de-suppression of L1. Several HBV- and HCC-related genes that interact with L1 can affect oncogenic processes. Thus, L1 may be a novel prime therapeutic target for HBV-related HCC. Studies in this area will provide insights into HCC and other types of cancers.
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