1
|
Zhao W, Wang H, Zhang X, Zhang L, Pu W, Ma Y, Chen W. Effects of IFN-γ on the immunological microenvironment and TAM polarity in stage IA non-small cell lung cancer and its mechanisms. BMC Pulm Med 2024; 24:46. [PMID: 38254043 PMCID: PMC10802021 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-023-02809-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) on the immune microenvironment and the polarity of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in stage IA non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and its mechanisms. METHODS Human non-small cell lung cancer A549 cells were treated with a series of IFN-γ concentrations (0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, and 300 ng/mL). Tumor tissues from patients with stage IA NSCLC were cultured using the air-liquid interface culture technique to establish a tumor microenvironment (TME) organ model. The NSCLC model was constructed by subcutaneously embedding small tumor pieces into the back of nonobese diabetic severe combined immune deficiency (NOD SCID) mice. The size and weight of the tumors were recorded, and the tumor volume was calculated. CCK-8 assays were used to investigate cell proliferation, flow cytometry and TUNEL staining were used to evaluate cell apoptosis, colony formation was investigated by cloning experiments, and cell invasion and migration were evaluated by Transwell assays and scratch tests. The expression of apoptosis-related proteins (Bax, Bcl-2 and C-caspase 3), M2 polarization-related markers (CD163, CD206 and IDO1), and marker proteins of cytotoxic T cells and helper T cells (CD8 and CD4) was detected by Western blot. The expression of Ki-67 and IDO1 was detected by immunohistochemistry, and the levels of IL-6, IL-10, IL-13 and TNF-α were measured by ELISA. The expression of CD68 was measured by RT‒qPCR, and the phagocytosis of TAMs was evaluated by a Cell Trace CFSE kit and cell probe staining. RESULTS The proliferation activity of A549 cells increased with increasing IFN-γ concentration and peaked when the concentration reached 200 ng/mL, and the proliferation activity of A549 cells was suppressed thereafter. After treatment with 200 ng/mL IFN-γ, the apoptosis rate of cells decreased, the number of cell colonies increased, the invasion and migration of cells were promoted, the expression of Bax and C-caspase 3 was downregulated, and the expression of Bcl-2 was upregulated in cells and the TME model. In the TME model, CD163, CD206, IDO1 and Ki-67 were upregulated, CD8 and CD4 were downregulated, apoptosis was reduced, the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α were decreased, and the levels of IL-10 and IL-13 were increased. IL-4 induced TAMs to express CD163 and CD206, reduced the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α, increased the levels of IL-10 and IL-13, and weakened the phagocytic function of TAMs. IFN-γ treatment further enhanced the effect of IL-4 and enhanced the viability of A549 cells. IDO1 decreased the viability of T cells and NK cells, while suppressing the effect of IFN-γ. In mice, compared with NSCLC mice, the tumor volume and weight of the IFN-γ group were increased, the expression of CD163, CD206, IDO1, Ki-67 and Bcl-2 in tumor tissue was upregulated, the expression of Bax and C-caspase 3 was downregulated, and apoptosis was reduced. The levels of IL-6 and TNF-α were decreased, and the levels of IL-10 and IL-13 were increased in the serum of mice. CONCLUSION In stage IA NSCLC, a low concentration of IFN-γ promotes the polarization of TAMs to the M2 phenotype in the TME model by upregulating the expression of IDO1, promoting the viability of cancer cells, inhibiting the viability of T cells and NK cells, and thus establishing an immune microenvironment conducive to tumor progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), No. 519, Kunzhou Road, Xishan District, Kunming, Yunnan, 650118, China
| | - Huipeng Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), No. 519, Kunzhou Road, Xishan District, Kunming, Yunnan, 650118, China
| | - Xiangwu Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), No. 519, Kunzhou Road, Xishan District, Kunming, Yunnan, 650118, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), No. 519, Kunzhou Road, Xishan District, Kunming, Yunnan, 650118, China
| | - Wei Pu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), No. 519, Kunzhou Road, Xishan District, Kunming, Yunnan, 650118, China
| | - Yuhui Ma
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), No. 519, Kunzhou Road, Xishan District, Kunming, Yunnan, 650118, China
| | - Wanling Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), No. 519, Kunzhou Road, Xishan District, Kunming, Yunnan, 650118, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Xu F, Chen H, Xu H, Li J, Hao X, Xing P, Ying J, Wang Y. Adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with recurrence after completely resected stage IB lung adenocarcinoma: Propensity-matched analysis in a cohort of 147 recurrences. Thorac Cancer 2022; 13:3105-3113. [PMID: 36104006 PMCID: PMC9663680 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.14659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adjuvant chemotherapy (ACT) is considered for high-risk patients in stage IB lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). However, these risk factors are recognized as negative prognostic factors, not as predictors of ACT efficacy. This study aimed to analyze the efficacy of ACT in stage IB patients by retrospectively examining patients who had recurrence. METHODS We reviewed 1399 patients with stage IB (American Joint Committee on Cancer 7th edition) LUAD from 2012 to 2017 in our institution and found 147 patients with recurrence. The last follow-up date was December 30, 2021. One-to-one propensity-score matching (PSM) was used to reduce the potential selection bias. RESULTS Fifty-five (37.4%) patients had received ACT and 92 (62.6%) had not (non-ACT). Patients with ACT were younger (p < 0.001), had larger tumors (p < 0.001) and more lymphovascular invasion (p = 0.02), and seemed to have less distant recurrence (p = 0.001). After PSM, 110 patients were matched and baseline characteristics were balanced. ACT was not associated with improved disease-free survival (DFS) after matching (mDFS = 23.5 m for ACT vs. 29.5 m for non-ACT, p = 0.13). ACT failed to prolong DFS of patients in the extracranial recurrence subgroup and EGFR mutation subgroups, and was even associated with shorter DFS in intracranial relapsed patients (mDFS = 30.3 m vs. 33.5 m, p = 0.083) and patients with tumor ≤30 mm (mDFS = 21.9 m vs. 30.8 m, p = 0.076). CONCLUSION In patients who were destined to develop recurrence after completely resected stage IB LUAD, ACT might not be associated with improved DFS. Further large multicenter studies are warranted to validate these findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Heng‐chi Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Haiyan Xu
- Department of Comprehensive Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Junling Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Xuezhi Hao
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Puyuan Xing
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Jianming Ying
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gong XY, Chen HB, Zhang LQ, Chen DS, Li W, Chen DH, Xu J, Zhou H, Zhao LL, Song YJ, Xiao MZ, Deng WL, Qi C, Wang XR, Chen X. NOTCH1 mutation associates with impaired immune response and decreased relapse-free survival in patients with resected T1-2N0 laryngeal cancer. Front Immunol 2022; 13:920253. [PMID: 35911687 PMCID: PMC9336464 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.920253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Patients with early-stage laryngeal cancer, even stage T1-2N0, are at considerable risk of recurrence and death. The genetic and immunologic characteristics of recurrent laryngeal cancer remain unclear. Methods A total of 52 T1-2N0 laryngeal cancer patients were enrolled. Of these, 42 tissue samples were performed by targeted DNA sequencing, and 21 cases were performed by NanoString immuno-oncology targeted RNA sequencing to identify the distinct molecular bases and immunologic features associated with relapse in patients with early laryngeal cancer, respectively. Results To the best to our knowledge, we present for the first time an overview of the genomic mutation spectrum of early-stage laryngeal cancers. A total of 469 genomic alterations were detected in 211 distinct cancer-relevant genes, and the genes found to be mutated in more than five patients (>10%) included tumor protein p53 (TP53, 78.5%), FAT atypical cadherin 1 (FAT1, 26%), LDL receptor related protein 1B (LRP1B, 19%), cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (CDKN2A, 17%), tet methylcytosine dioxygenase 2 (TET2, 17%), notch receptor 1 (NOTCH1, 12%) and neuregulin 1 (NRG1, 12%). Recurrent laryngeal cancer demonstrated a higher tumor mutation burden (TMB), as well as higher LRP1B mutation and NOTCH1 mutation rates. Univariate and multivariate analyses revealed that high TMB (TMB-H) and NOTCH1 mutation are independent genetic factors that are significantly associated with shorter relapse-free survival (RFS). Simultaneously, the results of the transcriptome analysis presented recurrent tumors with NOTCH1 mutation displayed upregulation of the cell cycle pathway, along with decreased B cells score, T cells score, immune signature score and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) score. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)-laryngeal cancer dataset also revealed weakened immune response and impaired adhesion functions in NOTCH1-mutant patients. Conclusions Genomic instability and impaired immune response are key features of the immunosurveillance escape and recurrence of early laryngeal cancer after surgery. These findings revealed immunophenotypic attenuation in recurrent tumors and provided valuable information for improving the management of these high-risk patients. Due to the small number of patients in this study, these differences need to be further validated in a larger cohort.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-yang Gong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hai-bin Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li-qing Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dong-sheng Chen
- Jiangsu Simcere Diagnostics Co., Ltd, The State Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug Development, Nanjing, China
| | - Wang Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dong-hui Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jin Xu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Han Zhou
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Le-le Zhao
- Jiangsu Simcere Diagnostics Co., Ltd, The State Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug Development, Nanjing, China
| | - Yun-jie Song
- Jiangsu Simcere Diagnostics Co., Ltd, The State Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug Development, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming-zhe Xiao
- Jiangsu Simcere Diagnostics Co., Ltd, The State Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug Development, Nanjing, China
| | - Wang-long Deng
- Jiangsu Simcere Diagnostics Co., Ltd, The State Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug Development, Nanjing, China
| | - Chuang Qi
- Jiangsu Simcere Diagnostics Co., Ltd, The State Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug Development, Nanjing, China
| | - Xue-rong Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Xi Chen, ; Xue-rong Wang,
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Xi Chen, ; Xue-rong Wang,
| |
Collapse
|