miR-376a inhibits glioma proliferation and angiogenesis by regulating YAP1/VEGF signalling via targeting of SIRT1

Glucose regulates the HMGB1 signaling pathway through SIRT1 in glioma

BACKGROUND

Glucose is a fundamental substance for numerous cancers, including glioma. However, its influence on tumor cells regulatory mechanisms remains uncertain. SIRT1 is a regulator of deacetylation and a key player in the progression of malignant tumors. The objective of this study was to examine the role of glucose and SIRT1 in glioma.

METHODS

This study investigated the association of SIRT1 expression with clinicopathological features and prognosis in glioma patients using the TCGA database. The Western blotting technique was used to identify the expression of SIRT1 protein in glioma cells. The study also examined the impact of differing glucose concentrations on the biological functions of glioma cells. The study investigated the expression of SIRT1 and HMGB1 signaling pathways in glioma. Additionally, resilience experiments were conducted utilizing SRT1720.

RESULTS

SIRT1 is a gene that suppresses tumors and is low expressed in gliomas. Low expression of this gene is strongly linked to a poor prognosis in patients with glioma. High concentrations of glucose can promote the proliferation, migration, and invasion of glioma cells, while also inhibiting apoptosis. The findings of this mechanistic study provide evidence that glucose can down-regulate SIRT1 expression, leading to increased levels of acetylated HMGB1. This in turn promotes the ex-nuclear activation of HMGB1 and associated signaling pathways, ultimately driving glioma malignancy.

CONCLUSION

Glucose has the ability to regulate the HMGB1 associated signaling pathway through SIRT1, thus promoting glioma progression. This holds significant research value.

ETV4 facilitates angiogenesis in hepatocellular carcinoma by upregulating MMP14 expression

Abnormal vascularization plays a crucial role in cell proliferation, tumor invasion and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). It has been reported that ETV4 functions as an oncogenic gene in driving the carcinogenesis and progression, and promoting invasion and metastasis of HCC. However, the function of ETV4 on angiogenesis in HCC remains unclear. In the current study, immunohistochemistry showed that knockdown of ETV4 reduced angiogenesis in HCC xenograft tumor tissues. In vitro, tube formation assay verified that ETV4 expression promoted angiogenesis through simulating the angiogenic environment in HCC cells. Transcriptome sequencing indicated that MMP14 was one of the differentially expressed genes enriched in angiogenesis process. Subsequently, it was confirmed that MMP14 was regulated by ETV4 at the transcription level in HCC cells, clinical tissue samples and online databases. Further, we demonstrated that MMP14 induced angiogenesis in ETV4-mediated HCC microenvironment. Collectively, this research further reveals the biological mechanism of ETV4 in promoting the migration and invasion of HCC, and provides novel mechanistic insights and strategic guidance for anti-angiogenic therapy in HCC.

Emerging therapeutic strategy for mitigating cancer progression through inhibition of sirtuin-1 and epithelial-mesenchymal transition

With 8.8 million deaths worldwide, cancer is the major reason for the high rate of fatalities. Malignancy's commencement, progression, development, metastasis, and therapy resistance have all been correlated with the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) pathway. EMT promotes the cancer cells' metastatic spread and starts the development of treatment resistance. Sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) is a histone deacetylase that is important for signaling, cell persistence, and apoptosis. It does this by deacetylating important cell signaling molecules and proteins that are associated with apoptosis. The function of SIRT1 in EMT and cancer progression, as well as the emerging therapeutic strategy of treating cancer through the inhibition of SIRT1 and EMT will be discussed in detail.

Deciphering glioma epitranscriptome: focus on RNA modifications

Gliomas are highly malignant tumors accounting for the majority of brain neoplasms. They are characterized by nuclear atypia, high mitotic rate and cellular polymorphism that often contributes to aggressiveness and resistance to standard therapy. They often associate with challenging treatment approaches and poor outcomes. New treatment strategies or regimens to improve the efficacy of glioma treatment require a deeper understanding of glioma occurrence and development as well as elucidation of their molecular biological characteristics. Recent studies have revealed RNA modifications as a key regulatory mechanism involved in tumorigenesis, tumor progression, immune regulation, and response to therapy. The present review discusses research advances on several RNA modifications involved in glioma progression and tumor microenvironment (TME) immunoregulation as well as in the development of adaptive drug resistance, summarizing current progress on major RNA modification targeting strategies.

Molecular mechanisms of microRNAs in glioblastoma pathogenesis

Glioblastoma (GBM) is human's most prevalent and severe brain cancer. Epigenetic regulators, micro(mi)RNAs, significantly impact cellular health and disease because of their wide range of targets and functions. The "epigenetic symphony" in which miRNAs perform is responsible for orchestrating the transcription of genetic information. The discovery of regulatory miRNA activities in GBM biology has shown that various miRNAs play a vital role in disease onset and development. Here, we summarize our current understanding of the current state-of-the-art and latest findings regarding the interactions between miRNAs and molecular mechanisms commonly associated with GBM pathogenesis. Moreover, by literature review and reconstruction of the GBM gene regulatory network, we uncovered the connection between miRNAs and critical signaling pathways such as cell proliferation, invasion, and cell death, which provides promising hints for identifying potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of GBM. In addition, the role of miRNAs in GBM patient survival was investigated. The present review, which contains new analyses of the previous literature, may lead to new avenues to explore in the future for the development of multitargeted miRNA-based therapies for GBM.

miRNA-mRNA analysis of sheep adrenal glands reveals the network regulating reproduction

Background

The adrenal gland participates in the process of sheep reproduction. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), endogenous small noncoding RNAs, regulate gene expression at the posttranscriptional level. However, the miRNA-mRNA network profile of adrenal glands relating to reproduction in sheep is still not well-studied. As sheep with FecB^BB genotype show higher lambing number compare with the sheep with FecB⁺⁺ genotype. This research aims to compare gene expression by small RNA-seq in adrenal tissues at follicular (F) and luteal (L) phases in FecB^BB (MM) and FecB⁺⁺ (ww) sheep. After analysis of gene expression, significant differentially expressed microRNAs (DEMs) and corresponding target genes were identified.

Results

A total of 180 miRNAs were found in this study, of which 19 DEMs were expressed in the four comparison groups (MM_F_A vs. MM_L_A, MM_F_A vs. ww_F_A, MM_L_A vs. ww_L_A, ww_F_A vs. ww_L_A). Subsequently, 354 target genes of 19 DEMs were predicted by integrated analysis. Cluster analysis was performed by K_means_cluster, and the expression patterns of these DEMs were separated into four subclusters. Functional analysis of target genes was performed by Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). The results indicated that the target genes were involved mainly in the Notch signaling pathway, signal transduction, cell communication, innate immune response and amino acid metabolism. Specifically, the Notch signaling pathway, biosynthetic process and metabolic process of pyrimidine nucleotide and amino acid metabolism appear to play key regulatory roles in the sheep fertility trait. Furthermore, miRNA-mRNA interaction networks were constructed by differentially expressed genes combined with our previous study of transcriptome data. The results showed that several key genes, including TDRD3, ANAPC7, CCNL2, BRD2 and MUT, were related to the transformation from the follicular phase to the luteal phase. PLAC8L1, NFAT5, DDX24 and MBD1 were related to the high fecundity of small tail Han sheep.

Conclusions

In this study, the miRNA transcriptome profile was identified, and miRNA-mRNA interaction networks were constructed in adrenal gland tissue of small tail Han sheep, the interaction between miR-370-3p and its targets were considered to play a major role in the reproduction regulation process. The results enriched the number of known miRNAs in adrenal glands and provided novel ideas and further information to demonstrate posttranscriptional regulation mechanisms at follicular and luteal phases in different genotypes of small tail Han sheep.

Supplementary Information

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12863-022-01060-y.

Latest updates on cellular and molecular biomarkers of gliomas

Gliomas are the most common central nervous system malignancies, compromising almost 80% of all brain tumors and is associated with significant mortality. The classification of gliomas has shifted from basic histological perspective to one that is based on molecular biomarkers. Treatment of this type of tumors consists currently of surgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapy. During the past years, there was a limited development of effective glioma diagnostics and therapeutics due to multiple factors including the presence of blood-brain barrier and the heterogeneity of this type of tumors. Currently, it is necessary to highlight the advantage of molecular diagnosis of gliomas to develop patient targeted therapies based on multiple oncogenic pathway. In this review, we will evaluate the development of cellular and molecular biomarkers for the diagnosis of gliomas and the impact of these diagnostic tools for better tailored and targeted therapies.

Post-Transcriptional Modifications of RNA as Regulators of Apoptosis in Glioblastoma

This review is devoted to changes in the post-transcriptional maturation of RNA in human glioblastoma cells, which leads to disruption of the normal course of apoptosis in them. The review thoroughly highlights the latest information on both post-transcriptional modifications of certain regulatory RNAs, associated with the process of apoptosis, presents data on the features of apoptosis in glioblastoma cells, and shows the relationship between regulatory RNAs and the apoptosis in tumor cells. In conclusion, potential target candidates are presented that are necessary for the development of new drugs for the treatment of glioblastoma.

Research Progress on the Regulation Mechanism of Key Signal Pathways Affecting the Prognosis of Glioma

As is known to all, glioma, a global difficult problem, has a high malignant degree, high recurrence rate and poor prognosis. We analyzed and summarized signal pathway of the Hippo/YAP, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, miRNA, WNT/β-catenin, Notch, Hedgehog, TGF-β, TCS/mTORC1 signal pathway, JAK/STAT signal pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, the relationship between BBB and signal pathways and the mechanism of key enzymes in glioma. It is concluded that Yap1 inhibitor may become an effective target for the treatment of glioma in the near future through efforts of generation after generation. Inhibiting PI3K/Akt/mTOR, Shh, Wnt/β-Catenin, and HIF-1α can reduce the migration ability and drug resistance of tumor cells to improve the prognosis of glioma. The analysis shows that Notch1 and Sox2 have a positive feedback regulation mechanism, and Notch4 predicts the malignant degree of glioma. In this way, notch cannot only be treated for glioma stem cells in clinic, but also be used as an evaluation index to evaluate the prognosis, and provide an exploratory attempt for the direction of glioma treatment. MiRNA plays an important role in diagnosis, and in the treatment of glioma, VPS25, KCNQ1OT1, KB-1460A1.5, and CKAP4 are promising prognostic indicators and a potential therapeutic targets for glioma, meanwhile, Rheb is also a potent activator of Signaling cross-talk etc. It is believed that these studies will help us to have a deeper understanding of glioma, so that we will find new and better treatment schemes to gradually conquer the problem of glioma.

Research Progress on the Regulation Mechanism of Key Signal Pathways Affecting the Prognosis of Glioma

As is known to all, glioma, a global difficult problem, has a high malignant degree, high recurrence rate and poor prognosis. We analyzed and summarized signal pathway of the Hippo/YAP, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, miRNA, WNT/β-catenin, Notch, Hedgehog, TGF-β, TCS/mTORC1 signal pathway, JAK/STAT signal pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, the relationship between BBB and signal pathways and the mechanism of key enzymes in glioma. It is concluded that Yap1 inhibitor may become an effective target for the treatment of glioma in the near future through efforts of generation after generation. Inhibiting PI3K/Akt/mTOR, Shh, Wnt/β-Catenin, and HIF-1α can reduce the migration ability and drug resistance of tumor cells to improve the prognosis of glioma. The analysis shows that Notch1 and Sox2 have a positive feedback regulation mechanism, and Notch4 predicts the malignant degree of glioma. In this way, notch cannot only be treated for glioma stem cells in clinic, but also be used as an evaluation index to evaluate the prognosis, and provide an exploratory attempt for the direction of glioma treatment. MiRNA plays an important role in diagnosis, and in the treatment of glioma, VPS25, KCNQ1OT1, KB-1460A1.5, and CKAP4 are promising prognostic indicators and a potential therapeutic targets for glioma, meanwhile, Rheb is also a potent activator of Signaling cross-talk etc. It is believed that these studies will help us to have a deeper understanding of glioma, so that we will find new and better treatment schemes to gradually conquer the problem of glioma.

The FOXO family of transcription factors: key molecular players in gastric cancer

Gastric cancer (GC) is the fifth most frequently diagnosed cancer worldwide and the third leading cause of cancer-related death with an oncological origin. Despite its decline in incidence and mortality in recent years, GC remains a global public problem that seriously threatens patients' health and lives. The forkhead box O proteins (FOXOs) are a family of evolutionarily conserved transcription factors (TFs) with crucial roles in cell fate decisions. In mammals, the FOXO family consists of four members FOXO1, 3a, 4, and 6. FOXOs play crucial roles in a variety of biological processes, such as development, metabolism, and stem cell maintenance, by regulating the expression of their target genes in space and time. An accumulating amount of evidence has shown that the dysregulation of FOXOs is involved in GC progression by affecting multiple cellular processes, including proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, metastasis, cell cycle progression, carcinogenesis, and resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs. In this review, we systematically summarize the recent findings on the regulatory mechanisms of FOXO family expression and activity and elucidate its roles in GC progression. Moreover, we also highlight the clinical implications of FOXOs in GC treatment.