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Habeeb M, Vengateswaran HT, You HW, Saddhono K, Aher KB, Bhavar GB. Nanomedicine facilitated cell signaling blockade: difficulties and strategies to overcome glioblastoma. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:1677-1705. [PMID: 38288615 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb02485g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly aggressive and lethal type of brain tumor with complex and diverse molecular signaling pathways involved that are in its development and progression. Despite numerous attempts to develop effective treatments, the survival rate remains low. Therefore, understanding the molecular mechanisms of these pathways can aid in the development of targeted therapies for the treatment of glioblastoma. Nanomedicines have shown potential in targeting and blocking signaling pathways involved in glioblastoma. Nanomedicines can be engineered to specifically target tumor sites, bypass the blood-brain barrier (BBB), and release drugs over an extended period. However, current nanomedicine strategies also face limitations, including poor stability, toxicity, and low therapeutic efficacy. Therefore, novel and advanced nanomedicine-based strategies must be developed for enhanced drug delivery. In this review, we highlight risk factors and chemotherapeutics for the treatment of glioblastoma. Further, we discuss different nanoformulations fabricated using synthetic and natural materials for treatment and diagnosis to selectively target signaling pathways involved in GBM. Furthermore, we discuss current clinical strategies and the role of artificial intelligence in the field of nanomedicine for targeting GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Habeeb
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Crescent School of Pharmacy, B.S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai-600048, India.
| | - Hariharan Thirumalai Vengateswaran
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Crescent School of Pharmacy, B.S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai-600048, India.
| | - Huay Woon You
- Pusat PERMATA@Pintar Negara, Universiti Kebangsaan 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kundharu Saddhono
- Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 57126, Indonesia
| | - Kiran Balasaheb Aher
- Department of Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance, Shri Vile Parle Kelavani Mandal's Institute of Pharmacy, Dhule, Maharashtra, 424001, India
| | - Girija Balasaheb Bhavar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shri Vile Parle Kelavani Mandal's Institute of Pharmacy, Dhule, Maharashtra, 424001, India
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Brynjulvsen M, Solli E, Walewska M, Zucknick M, Djirackor L, Langmoen IA, Mughal AA, Skaga E, Vik-Mo EO, Sandberg CJ. Functional and Molecular Heterogeneity in Glioma Stem Cells Derived from Multiregional Sampling. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5826. [PMID: 38136371 PMCID: PMC10741477 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15245826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive and highly heterogeneous primary brain tumor. Glioma stem cells represent a subpopulation of tumor cells with stem cell traits that are presumed to be the cause of tumor relapse. There exists complex tumor heterogeneity in drug sensitivity patterns between glioma stem cell (GSC) cultures derived from different patients. Here, we describe that heterogeneity also exists between GSC cultures derived from multiple biopsies within a single tumor. From biopsies harvested within spatially distinct regions representing the entire tumor mass, we established seven GSC cultures and compared their stem cell properties, mutations, gene expression profiles, and drug sensitivity patterns against 115 different anticancer drugs. The results were compared to 14 GSC cultures derived from other patients. Between the multiregional-derived GSC cultures, we observed only minor differences in their phenotype, proliferative capacity, and global gene expression. Further, they displayed intratumoral heterogeneity in mutational profiles and sensitivity patterns to anticancer drugs. This heterogeneity, however, did not exceed the extensive heterogeneity found between GSC cultures derived from other GBM patients. Our results suggest that the use of GSC cultures from one single focal biopsy may underestimate the overall complexity of the GSC population and display the importance of including GSC cultures reflecting the entire tumor mass in drug screening strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marit Brynjulvsen
- Vilhelm Magnus Lab, Institute for Surgical Research and Department of Neurosurgery, Oslo University Hospital, Nydalen, P.O. Box 4950, 0424 Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Blindern, P.O. Box 1112, 0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Elise Solli
- Vilhelm Magnus Lab, Institute for Surgical Research and Department of Neurosurgery, Oslo University Hospital, Nydalen, P.O. Box 4950, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Maria Walewska
- Vilhelm Magnus Lab, Institute for Surgical Research and Department of Neurosurgery, Oslo University Hospital, Nydalen, P.O. Box 4950, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Manuela Zucknick
- Department of Biostatistics, Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Oslo, Blindern, P.O. Box 1122, 0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Luna Djirackor
- Vilhelm Magnus Lab, Institute for Surgical Research and Department of Neurosurgery, Oslo University Hospital, Nydalen, P.O. Box 4950, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Iver A. Langmoen
- Vilhelm Magnus Lab, Institute for Surgical Research and Department of Neurosurgery, Oslo University Hospital, Nydalen, P.O. Box 4950, 0424 Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Blindern, P.O. Box 1112, 0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Awais Ahmad Mughal
- Vilhelm Magnus Lab, Institute for Surgical Research and Department of Neurosurgery, Oslo University Hospital, Nydalen, P.O. Box 4950, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Erlend Skaga
- Vilhelm Magnus Lab, Institute for Surgical Research and Department of Neurosurgery, Oslo University Hospital, Nydalen, P.O. Box 4950, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Einar O. Vik-Mo
- Vilhelm Magnus Lab, Institute for Surgical Research and Department of Neurosurgery, Oslo University Hospital, Nydalen, P.O. Box 4950, 0424 Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Blindern, P.O. Box 1112, 0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Cecilie J. Sandberg
- Vilhelm Magnus Lab, Institute for Surgical Research and Department of Neurosurgery, Oslo University Hospital, Nydalen, P.O. Box 4950, 0424 Oslo, Norway
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