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Catelli LF, Saad STO. Ex Vivo Manufacture of Megakaryocytes and Platelets from Stem Cells: Recent Advances Toward Transfusion in Humans. Stem Cells Dev 2021; 30:351-362. [PMID: 33622080 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2020.0185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The generation of ex vivo functional megakaryocytes (MK) and platelets is an important issue in transfusion medicine as donor dependence implies in limitations, such as shortage of eligible volunteers. Indeed, platelet transfusion is still a procedure that saves the lives of patients with defective platelet production. Recent technological development has enabled the isolation and expansion of stem cells that can be used as a source for the production of functional platelets for transfusion. In this review, we discuss recent approaches of in vitro or ex vivo production of MK and platelets, suggesting that, in the near future, donor-independent sources may become a possibility. The feasibility of using these cells in the clinic may be safer, and in vitro manipulation could generate universally compatible products, solving problems related to platelet refractoriness. However, functionality and survival testing of these products in human beings are scarce; therefore, additional studies are needed to consolidate this purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Ferioli Catelli
- Hematology and Transfusion Medicine Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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Bianchi M, Orlando N, Valentini CG, Papacci P, Vento G, Teofili L. Infectious complications in neonatal transfusion: Narrative review and personal contribution. Transfus Apher Sci 2020; 59:102951. [PMID: 32972859 PMCID: PMC7492833 DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2020.102951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Neonates and prematures are among the most transfused categories of patients. Adverse reactions due to transfusions, such as transfusion-transmitted infections, can affect the rest of their lives. In this systematic review, we revised the literature concerning transfusion-transmitted infection in neonates. We reported case-reports and case-series previously published and we integrated these data with our experience at local neonatal intensive care unit. Moreover, we illustrated strategies for mitigating transfusion-transmitted infections, including donor selection and testing, pathogen inactivation technologies and combined approaches, as for Cytomegalovirus infection, integrating leukoreduction and identification of seronegative donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Bianchi
- Dipartimento di Diagnostica per Immagini, Radioterapia Oncologica ed Ematologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Orlando
- Dipartimento di Diagnostica per Immagini, Radioterapia Oncologica ed Ematologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Caterina Giovanna Valentini
- Dipartimento di Diagnostica per Immagini, Radioterapia Oncologica ed Ematologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Patrizia Papacci
- Dipartimento di Scienze della salute della donna, del bambino e di sanità pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy,Sezione di Pediatria, Dipartimento di Scienze della salute della donna, del bambino e di sanità pubblica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - Giovanni Vento
- Dipartimento di Scienze della salute della donna, del bambino e di sanità pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy,Sezione di Pediatria, Dipartimento di Scienze della salute della donna, del bambino e di sanità pubblica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - Luciana Teofili
- Dipartimento di Diagnostica per Immagini, Radioterapia Oncologica ed Ematologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy; Sezione di Ematologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Radiologiche ed Ematologiche, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy.
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Abstract
Abstract
Transfusion-related acute lung injury is a leading cause of death associated with the use of blood products. Transfusion-related acute lung injury is a diagnosis of exclusion which can be difficult to identify during surgery amid the various physiologic and pathophysiologic changes associated with the perioperative period. As anesthesiologists supervise delivery of a large portion of inpatient prescribed blood products, and since the incidence of transfusion-related acute lung injury in the perioperative patient is higher than in nonsurgical patients, anesthesiologists need to consider transfusion-related acute lung injury in the perioperative setting, identify at-risk patients, recognize early signs of transfusion-related acute lung injury, and have established strategies for its prevention and treatment.
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Wilson-Nieuwenhuis JST, Dempsey-Hibbert N, Liauw CM, Whitehead KA. Surface modification of platelet concentrate bags to reduce biofilm formation and transfusion sepsis. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2017; 160:126-135. [PMID: 28922631 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 08/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial contamination of blood products poses a major risk in transfusion medicine, including transfusions involving platelet products. Although testing systems are in place for routine screening of platelet units, the formation of bacterial biofilms in such units may decrease the likelihood that bacteria will be detected. This work determined the surface properties of p-PVC platelet concentrate bags and investigated how these characteristics influenced biofilm formation. Serratia marcescens and Staphylococcus epidermidis, two species commonly implicated in platelet contamination, were used to study biofilm growth. The platelet concentrate bags were physically flattened to determine if reducing the surface roughness altered biofilm formation. The results demonstrated that the flattening process of the platelet bags affected the chemistry of the surface and reduced the surface hydrophobicity. Flattening of the surfaces resulted in a reduction in biofilm formation for both species after 5 days, with S. marcescens demonstrating a greater reduction. However, there was no significant difference between the smooth and flat surfaces following 7 days' incubation for S. marcescens and no significant differences between any of the surfaces following 7 days' incubation for S. epidermidis. The results suggest that flattening the p-PVC surfaces may limit potential biofilm formation for the current duration of platelet storage time of 5 days. It is hoped that this work will enhance the understanding of how surface properties influence the development of microbial biofilms in platelet concentrate bags in order to devise a solution to discourage biofilm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nina Dempsey-Hibbert
- School of Healthcare Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UK
| | - Christopher M Liauw
- School of Healthcare Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UK
| | - Kathryn A Whitehead
- School of Healthcare Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UK.
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Martini R, Hörner R, Graichen DÂS. Antimicrobial susceptibility profile and research of mec A and erm genes in coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from platelet concentrates bags. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902017000115195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Martini R, Hörner R, Rampelotto RF, Garzon LRL, Nunes MS, Teixeira MD, Graichen DÂS. INVESTIGATION OF BIOFILM FORMATION IN COAGULASE-NEGATIVE STAPHYLOCOCCI ISOLATED FROM PLATELET CONCENTRATE BAGS. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2016; 58:1. [PMID: 26910444 PMCID: PMC4793942 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-9946201658001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelet Concentrates (PCs) are the blood components with the highest rate of
bacterial contamination, and coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are the most
frequently isolated contaminants. This study investigated the biofilm formation of 16
contaminated units out of 691 PCs tested by phenotypic and genotypic methods.
Adhesion in Borosilicate Tube (ABT) and Congo Red Agar (CRA) tests were used to
assess the presence of biofilm. The presence of icaADC genes was assessed by means of
the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technique. With Vitek(r)2, Staphylococcus
haemolyticus was considered the most prevalent CoNS (31.25%). The CRA characterized
43.8% as probable biofilm producers, and for the ABT test, 37.5%. The icaADC genes
were identified in seven samples by the PCR. The ABT technique showed 85.7%
sensitivity and 100% specificity when compared to the reference method (PCR), and
presented strong agreement (k = 0.8). This study shows that species identified as PCs
contaminants are considered inhabitants of the normal skin flora and they might
become important pathogens. The results also lead to the recommendation of ABT use in
laboratory routine for detecting biofilm in CoNS contaminants of PCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosiéli Martini
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, ; ; ; ;
| | - Rosmari Hörner
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, ; ; ; ;
| | - Roberta Filipini Rampelotto
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, ; ; ; ;
| | - Litiérri Razia Litiérri Garzon
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, ; ; ; ;
| | - Melise Silveira Nunes
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, ; ; ; ;
| | - Mayza Dalcin Teixeira
- Laboratório de Evolução Genética, Centro de Educação Superior Norte, Palmeira das Missões, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, ;
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Kou Y, Pagotto F, Hannach B, Ramirez-Arcos S. Fatal false-negative transfusion infection involving a buffy coat platelet pool contaminated with biofilm-positiveStaphylococcus epidermidis: a case report. Transfusion 2015; 55:2384-9. [DOI: 10.1111/trf.13154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Revised: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Bello-López JM, Ibáñez-Cervantes G, Fernández-Sánchez V, Arroyo-Pérez JA, Rojo-Medina J. Propagation capacity of bacterial contaminants in platelet concentrates using a luciferase reporter system. Transfus Apher Sci 2015; 52:326-31. [PMID: 25687788 DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2015.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Revised: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Currently the use of molecular tools and techniques of Genetic Engineering in the study of microbial behavior in blood components has replaced the employment of classical methods of microbiology. This work focuses on the use of a novel lux reporter system for monitoring the contaminating propagation capacity of bacteria present in platelet concentrates under standard storage conditions in the blood bank. METHODS A miniTn5 promotor probe carrying the lux operon from Photorhabdus luminiscens (pUTminiTn5luxCDABEKm2) was used to construct four bacterial bioluminescent mutants: Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Proteus mirabilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Luminescent mutants were used for contamination tests with 20 CFU in platelet concentrates bags and were stored under standard storage conditions in the blood bank (100 rpm at 22 °C). The measurements of luminous activity and optical density were used to monitor bacterial proliferation during 7 days (168 h). RESULTS During the exponential growth phase (log) of bacterial strains, a lineal correlation between luminous activity vs biomass was observed (R(2) = 0.985, 0.976, 0.981) for E. coli::Tn5luxCDABEKm2, P. mirabilis::Tn5luxCDABEKm2 and P. auriginosa::Tn5luxCDABEKm2, respectively. The above indicates that metabolic activity (production of ATP) is directly related to biomass in this phase of microbial growth. While conducting experiments, the inability to propagate S. typhi::Tn5luxCDABEKm2 was detected. We can speculate that platelet concentrates contain specific components that prevent the propagation of S. typhi. CONCLUSION The use of luxCDABE system for the quantification of luminous activity is a rapid and sensitive alternative to study the propagation and auto-sterilization of bacterial contaminants in platelet concentrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Manuel Bello-López
- Departamento de Investigación, Desarrollo y Control de Calidad, Centro Nacional de la Transfusión Sanguínea, Av. Othón de Mendizábal 195, Col. Zacatenco, México D.F. C.P. 07360, Mexique
| | - Gabriela Ibáñez-Cervantes
- Departamento de Investigación, Desarrollo y Control de Calidad, Centro Nacional de la Transfusión Sanguínea, Av. Othón de Mendizábal 195, Col. Zacatenco, México D.F. C.P. 07360, Mexique
| | - Verónica Fernández-Sánchez
- Departamento de Investigación, Desarrollo y Control de Calidad, Centro Nacional de la Transfusión Sanguínea, Av. Othón de Mendizábal 195, Col. Zacatenco, México D.F. C.P. 07360, Mexique
| | - José Antonio Arroyo-Pérez
- Departamento de Investigación, Desarrollo y Control de Calidad, Centro Nacional de la Transfusión Sanguínea, Av. Othón de Mendizábal 195, Col. Zacatenco, México D.F. C.P. 07360, Mexique
| | - Julieta Rojo-Medina
- Departamento de Investigación, Desarrollo y Control de Calidad, Centro Nacional de la Transfusión Sanguínea, Av. Othón de Mendizábal 195, Col. Zacatenco, México D.F. C.P. 07360, Mexique.
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Characterization of the growth dynamics and biofilm formation of Staphylococcus epidermidis strains isolated from contaminated platelet units. J Med Microbiol 2014; 63:884-891. [DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.071449-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial contamination of platelet concentrates (PCs) poses the highest transfusion-associated infectious risk, with Staphylococcus epidermidis being a predominant contaminant. Herein, the growth dynamics of 20 S. epidermidis strains in PCs and regular media were characterized. Strains were categorized as fast (short lag phase) or slow (long lag phase) growers in PCs. All strains were evaluated for the presence of the biofilm-associated icaAD genes by PCR, their capability to produce extracellular polysaccharide (slime) on Congo red agar plates and their ability to form surface-attached aggregates (biofilms) in glucose-supplemented trypticase soy broth (TSBg) using a crystal violet staining assay. A subset of four strains (two slow growers and two fast growers) was further examined for the ability for biofilm formation in PCs. Two of these strains carried the icAD genes, formed slime and produced biofilms in TSBg and PCs, while the other two strains, which did not carry icaAD, did not produce slime or form biofilms in TSBg. Although the two ica-negative slime-negative strains did not form biofilms in media, they displayed a biofilm-positive phenotype in PCs. Although all four strains formed biofilms in PCs, the two slow growers formed significantly more biofilms than the fast growers. Furthermore, growth experiments of the two ica-positive strains in plasma-conditioned platelet bags containing TSBg revealed that a slow grower isolate was more likely to escape culture-based screening than a fast grower strain. Therefore, this study provides novel evidence that links S. epidermidis biofilm formation with slow growth in PCs and suggests that slow-growing biofilm-positive S. epidermidis would be more likely to be missed with automate culture.
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