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Gokarn A, Tembhare PR, Syed H, Sanyal I, Kumar R, Parab S, Khanka T, Punatar S, Kedia S, Ghogale SG, Deshpande N, Nikam Y, Girase K, Mirgh S, Jindal N, Bagal B, Chichra A, Nayak L, Bonda A, Rath S, Hiregoudar S, Poojary M, Saha S, Ojha S, Subramanian PG, Khattry N. Long-Term Cryopreservation of Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Harvest Using Low Concentration (4.35%) Dimethyl Sulfoxide with Methyl Cellulose and Uncontrolled Rate Freezing at -80 °C: An Effective Option in Resource-Limited Settings. Transplant Cell Ther 2023; 29:777.e1-777.e8. [PMID: 37678607 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtct.2023.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Long-term cryopreservation of peripheral blood stem cells (PBSCs) is highly useful in the setting of tandem/multiple transplantations or treatment of relapse in the autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) setting. Even in allogeneic HSCT, donor lymphocyte infusions may be stored for months to years if excess stem cells are collected from donors. Cryopreservation is a delicate, complex, and costly procedure, and higher concentrations of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), a commonly used cryoprotectant, can be toxic to cells and cause adverse effects in the recipient during infusions. In this study, we examined the effect of long-term cryopreservation using 4.35% DMSO (as final concentration) with methyl cellulose and uncontrolled rate freezing in a mechanical freezer (-80 °C) on the viability and colony-forming ability of CD34+ human PBSCs. For patients undergoing autologous HSCT, PBSCs were cryopreserved using DMSO (final concentration of 4.35%) with methyl cellulose. The post-thaw viability of PBSCs was determined using Trypan blue exclusion and flow cytometry-based 7-amino-actinomycin-D (FC-7AAD) methods. Concentrations of CD34+ stem cells and immune cell subsets in post-thaw PBSC harvest samples were assessed using multicolor flow cytometry, and the clonogenic potential of post-thaw stem cells was studied using a colony-forming unit (CFU) assay. CD34+ stem cell levels were correlated with the prestorage CD34 levels using the Pearson correlation test. The viability results in the Trypan blue dye exclusion method and the flow cytometry-based method were compared using Bland-Altman plots. We studied 26 PBSC harvest samples with a median cryopreservation duration of 6.6 years (range, 3.8 to 11.5 years). The median viability of post-thaw PBSCs was >80% using both methods, with a weak agreement between them (r = .03; P = .5). The median CD34+ stem cell count in the post-thaw samples was 9.13 × 106/kg (range, .44 to 26.27 × 106/kg). The CFU assay yielded a good proliferation and differentiation potential in post-thaw PBSCs, with a weak correlation between granulocyte macrophage CFU and CD34+ stem cell levels (r = .4; P = .05). Two samples that had been cryopreserved for >8 years showed low viability. Cryopreservation of PBSCs using 4.35% DMSO with methyl cellulose and uncontrolled freezing in a mechanical freezer at -80 °C allows the maintenance of long-term viability of PBSC for up to 8 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anant Gokarn
- Department of Medical Oncology, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research, and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Center, Navi Mumbai, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Prashant R Tembhare
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India; Hematopathology Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research, and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Center, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Hasan Syed
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India; Hasan Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research, and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Center, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Isha Sanyal
- Hematopathology Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research, and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Center, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Rohit Kumar
- Hasan Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research, and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Center, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Sarika Parab
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research, and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Center, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Twinkle Khanka
- Hematopathology Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research, and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Center, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Sachin Punatar
- Department of Medical Oncology, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research, and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Center, Navi Mumbai, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Shweta Kedia
- Hematopathology Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research, and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Center, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Sitaram G Ghogale
- Hematopathology Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research, and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Center, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Nilesh Deshpande
- Hematopathology Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research, and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Center, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Yuvraj Nikam
- Hasan Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research, and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Center, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Karishma Girase
- Hematopathology Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research, and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Center, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Sumeet Mirgh
- Department of Medical Oncology, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research, and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Center, Navi Mumbai, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Nishant Jindal
- Department of Medical Oncology, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research, and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Center, Navi Mumbai, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Bhausaheb Bagal
- Department of Medical Oncology, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research, and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Center, Navi Mumbai, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Akanksha Chichra
- Department of Medical Oncology, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research, and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Center, Navi Mumbai, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Lingaraj Nayak
- Department of Medical Oncology, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research, and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Center, Navi Mumbai, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Avinash Bonda
- Department of Medical Oncology, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research, and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Center, Navi Mumbai, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Sushmita Rath
- Department of Medical Oncology, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research, and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Center, Navi Mumbai, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Sumathi Hiregoudar
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India; Department of Transfusion Medicine, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research, and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Center, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Minal Poojary
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India; Department of Transfusion Medicine, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research, and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Center, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Suryatapa Saha
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India; Department of Transfusion Medicine, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research, and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Center, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Shashank Ojha
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India; Department of Transfusion Medicine, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research, and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Center, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Papagudi G Subramanian
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India; Hematopathology Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research, and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Center, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Navin Khattry
- Department of Medical Oncology, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research, and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Center, Navi Mumbai, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
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Rimac V, Bojanić I, Dabelić S, Ćepulić BG. Variable recovery of cryopreserved hematopoietic stem cells and leukocyte subpopulations in leukapheresis products. Transfus Apher Sci 2023; 62:103763. [PMID: 37460360 DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2023.103763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Due to the expansion of cell therapy using not only haematopoietic stem cells (HSC) but also other leukocyte subpopulations, the loss of these cells in cryopreserved apheresis products needs to be evaluated. Various factors that could negatively affect post-thaw recovery, such as leukapheresis product characteristics, storage time and cryopreservation protocols have been identified. METHODS The post-thaw recovery of HSCs, lymphocytes, NK cells and monocytes, as well as the factors that could adversely affect it were analysed in autologous and allogeneic leukapheresis products. RESULTS The lowest post-thaw recovery was observed in autologous and allogeneic CD34+ cells, with the median of 73.7% and 68.1%, respectively. In leukocyte subpopulation, the lowest post-thaw recovery was observed for CD14+ cells, both autologous and allogeneic. The highest post-thaw recovery was observed for CD3+/CD8+ cells in autologous, and for CD19+ cells in allogeneic samples. The statistically significant difference was observed between autologous and allogeneic PBSC products for CD3+ cell recovery (P = 0.031) and CD3+/CD8+ cell recovery (P = 0.009). The evaluation of factors that could adversely affect the post-thaw recovery in autologous samples showed weak negative correlations between platelet concentration and CD3+ recovery, as well as between storage time and CD3+CD8+ recovery. In allogeneic samples, a strong negative correlation was observed only between the percentage of granulocytes and CD3+, CD3+/CD8+ and CD3+/CD4+ cell recoveries. CONCLUSION Since various post-thaw recoveries of leukocyte subpopulations were observed, the cell therapy manufacturing centers should evaluate how their cryopreservation method and other factors affect the recovery of cell population of interest in their settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimira Rimac
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Transplantation Biology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Kišpatićeva 12, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ines Bojanić
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Transplantation Biology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Kišpatićeva 12, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; University of Zagreb, School of Medicine, Šalata 3, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; University of Applied Health Sciences Zagreb, Mlinarska cesta 38, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Sanja Dabelić
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, A. Kovačića 1, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Branka Golubić Ćepulić
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Transplantation Biology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Kišpatićeva 12, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; University of Zagreb, School of Medicine, Šalata 3, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; University of Applied Health Sciences Zagreb, Mlinarska cesta 38, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Vladimira R, Ines B. Role of flow cytometry in evaluation of the cellular therapy products used in haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Int J Lab Hematol 2022; 44:446-453. [PMID: 35419954 DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.13849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cellular therapy nowadays includes various products from haematopoietic stem cells (HSC) collected from bone marrow, peripheral blood, and umbilical cord blood to more complex adoptive immune therapy for the treatment of malignant diseases, and gene therapy for inherited immune deficiencies. Broader utilization of cellular therapy requires extensive quality testing of these products that should fulfil the same requirements regarding composition, purity, and potency nevertheless they are manufactured in various centres. Technical improvements of the flow cytometers accompanied by the increased number of available reagents and fluorochromes used to conjugate monoclonal antibodies, enable detailed and precise insight into the function of the immune system and other areas of cell biology, and allows cell evaluation based on size, shape, and morphology or assessment of cell surface markers, as well as cell purity and viability, which greatly contributes to the development and progress of the cell therapy. The aim of this paper is to give an overview of the current use and challenges of flow cytometry analysis in quality assessment of cellular therapy products, with regard to basic principles of determining HSC and leukocyte subpopulation, assessment of cells viability and quality of thawed cryopreserved HSC as well as the importance of validation and quality control of flow cytometry methods according to good laboratory practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rimac Vladimira
- Clinical Department of Transfusion Medicine and Transplantation Biology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Bojanić Ines
- Clinical Department of Transfusion Medicine and Transplantation Biology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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Araújo AB, Salton GD, Angeli MH, Furlan JM, Schmalfuss T, Röhsig LM. Effects of cell concentration, time of fresh storage, and cryopreservation on peripheral blood stem cells: PBSC fresh storage and cryopreservation. Transfus Apher Sci 2021; 61:103298. [PMID: 34696981 DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2021.103298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Peripheral blood stem cells are widely used in autologous or allogeneic transplantation. The quality of the product directly impacts clinical outcomes, and the cell quality and/or functionality may be influenced by the storage conditions as time, temperature, total nucleated cells (TNC) concentration and cryopreservation requirement. OBJECTIVE To verify the effects of time, cell concentration, and cryopreservation/thawing in the viability and functionality of stem cells for transplantation. METHODS We evaluated TNC, CD45+ viable cells, CD34+ viable cells, and cell viability and functionality of 11 samples. Measurements were performed immediately and 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, and 96 h after sample collection at high and low TNC concentrations. The same parameters were also evaluated after cryopreservation and thawing of the samples. RESULT Duration of storage and TNC concentration exhibited a negative effect on cell quality (CD45+ viable cells, CD34+ viable cells and functionality). Moreover, the association of these parameters increased the negative effect on graft quality. Cryopreservation and thawing also negatively affected the collected sample regarding viable CD34+ cells (recovery 66.2 %), viable CD45+ cells (recovery 56.8 %), and 7-AAD viability. No significant losses in viable CD45+/CD34+ cells and functionality were observed in the first 24 h in both TNC conditions. CONCLUSION These results emphasize the importance to consider carefully the storage conditions until transplantation, measuring TNC/μL until 24 h after collection (diluting the product when TNC > 300 × 103/μL) and infusing fresh graft as soon as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anelise B Araújo
- Centro de Processamento Celular, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2350, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-903, Brazil.
| | - Gabrielle D Salton
- Centro de Processamento Celular, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2350, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-903, Brazil.
| | - Melissa H Angeli
- Centro de Processamento Celular, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2350, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-903, Brazil.
| | - Juliana M Furlan
- Centro de Processamento Celular, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2350, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-903, Brazil.
| | - Tissiana Schmalfuss
- Centro de Processamento Celular, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2350, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-903, Brazil.
| | - Liane M Röhsig
- Centro de Processamento Celular, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2350, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-903, Brazil.
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Lysak D, Brychtová M, Leba M, Čedíková M, Georgiev D, Jindra P, Vlas T, Holubova M. Long-Term Cryopreservation Does Not Affect Quality of Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Grafts: A Comparative Study of Native, Short-Term and Long-Term Cryopreserved Haematopoietic Stem Cells. Cell Transplant 2021; 30:9636897211036004. [PMID: 34328022 PMCID: PMC8327011 DOI: 10.1177/09636897211036004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryopreserved haematopoietic progenitor cells are used to restore autologous haematopoiesis after high dose chemotherapy. Although the cells are routinely stored for a long period, concerns remain about the maximum storage time and the possible negative effect of storage on their potency. We evaluated the effect of cryopreservation on the quality of peripheral stem cell grafts stored for a short (3 months) and a long (10 years) period and we compared it to native products.The viability of CD34+ cells remained unaffected during storage, the apoptotic cells were represented up to 10% and did not differ between groups. The clonogenic activity measured by ATP production has decreased with the length of storage (ATP/cell 1.28 nM in native vs. 0.63 in long term stored products, P < 0.05). Only borderline changes without statistical significance were detected when examining mitochondrial and aldehyde dehydrogenase metabolic activity and intracellular pH, showing their good preservation during cell storage. Our experience demonstrates that cryostorage has no major negative effect on stem cell quality and potency, and therefore autologous stem cells can be stored safely for an extended period of at least 10 years. On the other hand, long term storage for 10 years and longer may lead to mild reduction of clonogenic capacity. When a sufficient dose of stem cells is infused, these changes will not have a clinical impact. However, in products stored beyond 10 years, especially when a low number of CD34+ cells is available, the quality of stem cell graft should be verified before infusion using the appropriate potency assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Lysak
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, University Hospital Pilsen, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Brychtová
- Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Leba
- New Technologies for the Information Society European Centre of Excellence, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of West Bohemia, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslava Čedíková
- Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Georgiev
- New Technologies for the Information Society European Centre of Excellence, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of West Bohemia, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Jindra
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, University Hospital Pilsen, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Vlas
- Institute of Immunology and Allergology, University Hospital Pilsen, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Monika Holubova
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, University Hospital Pilsen, Pilsen, Czech Republic.,Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, Pilsen, Czech Republic
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Valentini CG, Chiusolo P, Bianchi M, Metafuni E, Orlando N, Giammarco S, Bacigalupo A, Sica S, Teofili L. Coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a single center reappraisal. Cytotherapy 2021; 23:635-640. [PMID: 33423867 PMCID: PMC7732233 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2020.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has deeply modified the complex logistical process underlying allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant practices. AIM In light of these changes, the authors compared data relative to allogeneic transplants carried out from 2018 at their center before (n = 167) and during the pandemic (n = 45). METHODS The authors examined patient characteristics, donor and graft types, cell doses and main transplant outcomes. Moreover, the authors evaluated the rise of costs attributable to additional COVID-19-related procedures as well as the risk of adverse events these procedures conveyed to grafts or recipients. RESULTS Overall, the number of transplants did not decrease during the pandemic, whereas patients at high relapse risk were prioritized. Transplants were mainly from matched unrelated donors, with a significant decrease in haploidentical related donors. Moreover, the use of bone marrow as a graft for haploidentical transplant was almost abandoned. Cryopreservation was introduced for all related and unrelated apheresis products, with a median storage time of 20 days. Notably, transplant outcomes (engraftment, acute graft-versus-host disease and non-relapse mortality) with cryopreserved products were comparable to those with fresh products. CONCLUSIONS Considering that the emergency situation may persist for months, cryopreserving allogeneic grafts can offer a lifesaving opportunity for patients whose allogeneic transplant cannot be postponed until after the end of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Giovanna Valentini
- Dipartimento di Diagnostica per Immagini, Radioterapia Oncologica ed Ematologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Patrizia Chiusolo
- Dipartimento di Diagnostica per Immagini, Radioterapia Oncologica ed Ematologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Sezione di Ematologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Radiologiche ed Ematologiche, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Bianchi
- Dipartimento di Diagnostica per Immagini, Radioterapia Oncologica ed Ematologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Metafuni
- Dipartimento di Diagnostica per Immagini, Radioterapia Oncologica ed Ematologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Orlando
- Dipartimento di Diagnostica per Immagini, Radioterapia Oncologica ed Ematologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Sabrina Giammarco
- Dipartimento di Diagnostica per Immagini, Radioterapia Oncologica ed Ematologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Bacigalupo
- Dipartimento di Diagnostica per Immagini, Radioterapia Oncologica ed Ematologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Sezione di Ematologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Radiologiche ed Ematologiche, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Sica
- Dipartimento di Diagnostica per Immagini, Radioterapia Oncologica ed Ematologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Sezione di Ematologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Radiologiche ed Ematologiche, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Luciana Teofili
- Dipartimento di Diagnostica per Immagini, Radioterapia Oncologica ed Ematologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Sezione di Ematologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Radiologiche ed Ematologiche, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.
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Allogeneic transplant procurement in the times of COVID-19: Quality report from the central European cryopreservation site. J Transl Med 2021; 19:145. [PMID: 33832504 PMCID: PMC8027980 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-02810-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Because of limitations of transportation imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic, current recommendation calls for cryopreservation of allogeneic stem cell transplants before patient conditioning. A single cell therapy laboratory was selected to function as the central cryopreservation hub for all European registry donor transplants intended for the Australian-Pacific region. We examined properties of these transplants to ascertain how quality is maintained. Methods We analyzed 100 pandemic-related allogeneic mobilized blood-derived stem cell apheresis products generated at 30 collection sites throughout Europe, shipped to and cryopreserved at our center between April and November of 2020. Products were shipped in the cool, subsequently frozen with DMSO as cryoprotectant. Irrespective of origin, all products were frozen within the prescribed shelf-life of 72 h. Results Prior to cryopreservation, viable stem cell and leukocyte count according to the collection site and our reference laboratory were highly concordant (r2 = 0.96 and 0.93, respectively) and viability was > 90% in all instances. Median nominal post-thaw recovery of viable CD34+ cells was 42%. Weakly associated with poorer CD34+ cell recovery was higher leukocyte concentration, but not time lag between apheresis or addition of cryopreservant, respectively, and start of freezing. The correlation between pre- and post-thaw CD34+ cell dose was high (r2 = 0.85), hence predictable. Neutrophil and platelet engraftment were prompt with no evidence of dose dependency within the range of administered cell doses (1.31–15.56 × 106 CD34+ cells/kg). Conclusions General cryopreservation of allogeneic stem cell transplants is feasible. While more than half of the CD34+ cell content is lost, the remaining stem cells ensure timely engraftment. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12967-021-02810-9.
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Automated dry thawing of cryopreserved haematopoietic cells is not adversely influenced by cryostorage time, patient age or gender. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0240310. [PMID: 33104704 PMCID: PMC7588046 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell therapies are becoming increasingly widely used, and their production and cryopreservation should take place under tightly controlled GMP conditions, with minimal batch-to-batch variation. One potential source of variation is in the thawing of cryopreserved samples, typically carried out in water baths. This study looks at an alternative, dry thawing, to minimise variability in the thawing of a cryopreserved cell therapy, and compares the cellular outcome on thaw. Factors such as storage time, patient age, and gender are considered in terms of cryopreservation and thawing outcomes. Cryopreserved leukapheresis samples from 41 donors, frozen by the same protocol and stored for up to 17 years, have been thawed using automated, water-free equipment and by conventional wet thawing using a water bath. Post-thaw viability, assessed by both trypan blue and flow cytometry, showed no significant differences between the techniques. Similarly, there was no negative effect of the duration of frozen storage, donor age at sample collection or donor gender on post-thaw viability using either thawing method. The implication of these results is that the cryopreservation protocol chosen initially remains robust and appropriate for use with a wide range of donors. The positive response of the samples to water-free thawing offers potential benefits for clinical situations by removing the subjective element inherent in water bath thawing and eliminating possible contamination issues.
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Lee YH, Koh H, Nam E, Kim YJ. Cryopreserved cord blood mononuclear cells in DMSO are healthy for at least 6 hours after thawing. Transfus Apher Sci 2019; 59:102603. [PMID: 31327732 DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2019.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSES We investigated the impact of time, storage temperature, and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) on the viability of HSCs, as well as on apoptotic changes in thawed CB. MATERIALS & METHODS Thirteen units of cryopreserved CB were thawed and half of each sample was stored at room temperature (RT) and the other half at 4℃, without removing or diluting DMSO. Flow cytometry was employed to enumerate total nucleated cells (TNCs), total/viable CD34+ cells, and early/late apoptotic cells using anti-CD45, anti-CD34, and annexin V(AnV), 7-amino actinomycin D(AAD) staining, respectively. RESULTS In CBs stored at 4℃ there were no significant changes in numbers of TNCs, total/viable CD34+ cells, or early/late apoptotic cell up to 48 h. However, the numbers of these cells declined significantly at RT. Total and viable CD34+ cell counts did not change for up to 6 h at RT but viable CD34+ cells decreased significantly after 24 h, and total CD34+ cell after 48 h. Early and late apoptosis tended to increase with time at RT, and numbers of viable CD34+ cells and early apoptotic cells differed significantly between RT and 4℃ after 48 h. CONCLUSIONS There are no significant changes of viability and apoptosis in CBs stored in DMSO at 4℃ until 48 h after thawing, while at RT, there are no significant changes of total/viable CD34+ cell counts or in the proportion of apoptotic cells for at least 6 h after thawing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Ho Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Republic of Korea; Blood/Marrow Transplantation, Hanyang University Medical Center, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hani Koh
- Department of Pediatrics, Republic of Korea; Blood/Marrow Transplantation, Hanyang University Medical Center, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunwoo Nam
- Biostatistical Consulting and Research Lab., Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Rohner N, Passweg JR, Tsakiris DA, Halter JP, Heim D, Buser AS, Infanti L, Holbro A. The value of the post-thaw CD34+ count with and without DMSO removal in the setting of autologous stem cell transplantation. Transfusion 2018; 59:1052-1060. [PMID: 30556582 DOI: 10.1111/trf.15107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CD34+ cell count correlates with engraftment potency after autologous stem cell transplantation. Assessment of CD34+ mainly occurs after apheresis and before cryopreservation with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). The influence of postthaw CD34+ cell numbers over time to engraftment is not well studied, and determination of postthaw CD34+ cell counts is challenging for a variety of reasons. The aim of this retrospective study was to systematically assess the value of postthaw CD34+ cell counts in autologous grafts with and without DMSO removal. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Between January 2008 and December 2015, 236 adult patients underwent a total of 292 autologous stem cell transplantations. Median age at transplantation was 56 years, and the main indication was multiple myeloma (60%). DMSO removal was done in 96 grafts (33%), either by centrifugation or by Sepax method. RESULTS Patients receiving grafts containing DMSO showed a significantly faster platelet (p = 0.02) and RBC (p = 0.001) engraftment. DMSO removal was not associated with fewer infusion-related adverse events. We observed a good correlation between CD34+ cell count after apheresis and CD34+ cell count after thawing/washing (r = 0.931). Ninety grafts (31%) showed a significant loss of viable CD34+ cells, which translated into a delayed engraftment. CONCLUSION DMSO removal was associated with delayed platelet and RBC engraftment without preventing adverse events. CD34+ cell enumeration after thawing remains difficult to perform, but grafts showing higher cell loss during cryopreservation and thawing are associated with slower engraftment. Prospective studies on the role of DMSO removal and postthaw CD34+ enumeration using defined protocols are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolai Rohner
- Division of Hematology, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jakob R Passweg
- Division of Hematology, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Jörg P Halter
- Division of Hematology, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dominik Heim
- Division of Hematology, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas S Buser
- Division of Hematology, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland.,Blood Transfusion Center, Swiss Red Cross, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Laura Infanti
- Division of Hematology, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland.,Blood Transfusion Center, Swiss Red Cross, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Holbro
- Division of Hematology, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland.,Blood Transfusion Center, Swiss Red Cross, Basel, Switzerland
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11
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Holbro A, Baldomero H, Lanza F, Chabannon C, Snowden JA, Buser A, Infanti L, Worel N, Sureda A, Badoglio M, Passweg J, Bonini C. Handling, processing and disposal of stem cell products in Europe: A survey by the cellular therapy and immunobiology working party of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation. Cytotherapy 2018; 20:453-460. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2017.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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12
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Setia RD, Arora S, Handoo A, Choudhary D, Sharma SK, Khandelwal V, Kapoor M, Bajaj S, Dadu T, Dhamija G, Bachchas V. Outcome of 51 autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplants after uncontrolled-rate freezing ("dump freezing") using -80°C mechanical freezer. Asian J Transfus Sci 2018; 12:117-122. [PMID: 30692795 PMCID: PMC6327762 DOI: 10.4103/ajts.ajts_42_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Controlled-rate freezing is a complicated, expensive, and time-consuming procedure. Therefore, there is a growing interest in uncontrolled-rate freezing (UCF) with −80°C mechanical freezers for cryopreservation of hematopoietic stem cells. This is a retrospective analysis of efficiency of UCF and outcome of autologous peripheral hematopoietic stem cell (PBSC) transplants at our center from December 2011 to June 2016. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cryoprotectant solutions used included 5% dimethyl sulfoxide and 5% albumin with 2% hydroxyethyl starch and stored at −80°C mechanical freezer till transplant. Evaluation of cryopreservation was studied by analyzing the variation in cellularity, viability, and CD34+ stem cell dose recovery as well as clinical follow-up with engraftment. RESULTS: A total of 51 patients (23 females and 28 males) underwent autologous PBSC transplantations with a median age of 31 years (range: 3–60 years) for both hematological and nonhematological indications. Mean recovery post by UCF at −80°C mechanical was 92.9% ± 15.5% for nucleated cells, 86.6% ± 15.5% for viability, and 80% ± 21.5% in CD34+ dose. The median day to neutrophil engraftment was 10 (range 5–14 days) and platelets engraftment was 15 (range 8–45 days). The cryopreserved products were stored at −80°C for median 7 days (range 2-41 day) before transplant. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION: Our analysis shows that PBSC can be successfully cryopreserved with mechanical uncontrolled rate freezing. This is a cheap and simple method to freeze the stem cells for a short period in resource-constrained setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasika Dhawan Setia
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hematology, BLK Super Speciality Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Satyam Arora
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Super Speciality Pediatric Hospital and Post Graduate Teaching Institute, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anil Handoo
- Department of Hematology, BLK Super Speciality Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Dharma Choudhary
- Department of Hemato-Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplant, BLK Super Speciality Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Sanjeev Kumar Sharma
- Department of Hemato-Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplant, BLK Super Speciality Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Vipin Khandelwal
- Department of Hemato-Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplant, BLK Super Speciality Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Meenu Kapoor
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hematology, BLK Super Speciality Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Shalu Bajaj
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hematology, BLK Super Speciality Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Tina Dadu
- Department of Hematology, BLK Super Speciality Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Gaurav Dhamija
- Department of Hematology, BLK Super Speciality Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Virendra Bachchas
- Department of Hematology, BLK Super Speciality Hospital, New Delhi, India
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13
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Mfarrej B, Bouchet G, Couquiaud J, Regimbaud L, Binninger S, Mercier M, Lemarié C, Houzé P, Chabannon C, Calmels B. Pre-clinical assessment of the Lovo device for dimethyl sulfoxide removal and cell concentration in thawed hematopoietic progenitor cell grafts. Cytotherapy 2017; 19:1501-1508. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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14
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Ghosh S, Indracanti N, Joshi J, Indraganti PK. Rescuing Self: Transient Isolation and Autologous Transplantation of Bone Marrow Mitigates Radiation-Induced Hematopoietic Syndrome and Mortality in Mice. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1180. [PMID: 28993772 PMCID: PMC5622201 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The inflamed bone marrow niche shortly after total body irradiation (TBI) is known to contribute to loss of hematopoietic stem cells in terms of their number and function. In this study, autologous bone marrow transfer (AL-BMT) was evaluated as a strategy for mitigating hematopoietic form of the acute radiation syndrome by timing the collection phase (2 h after irradiation) and reinfusion (24 h after irradiation) using mice as a model system. Collection of bone marrow (BM) cells (0.5 × 106 total marrow cells) 2 h after lethal TBI rescued different subclasses of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) from the detrimental inflammatory and damaging milieu in vivo. Cryopreservation of collected graft and its reinfusion 24 h after TBI significantly rescued mice from lethal effects of irradiation (65% survival against 0% in TBI group on day 30th) and hematopoietic depression. Transient hypometabolic state (HMS) induced 2 h after TBI effectively preserved the functional status of HSPCs and improved hematopoietic recovery even when BM was collected 8 h after TBI. Homing studies suggested that AL-BMT yielded similar percentages for different subsets of HSPCs when compared to syngeneic bone marrow transfer. The results suggest that the timing of collection, and reinfusion of graft is crucial for the success of AL-BMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhajit Ghosh
- Division of Radiation Biosciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Delhi, India.,S.N. Pradhan Centre for Neuroscience-University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Namita Indracanti
- Division of Radiation Biosciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Jayadev Joshi
- Division of Radiation Biosciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Delhi, India.,S.N. Pradhan Centre for Neuroscience-University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Prem Kumar Indraganti
- Division of Radiation Biosciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Delhi, India
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15
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Assessing pilot vial material as a surrogate for functional and phenotypic stem cell markers in cryopreserved haematopoietic stem cell product. Bone Marrow Transplant 2016; 51:1631-1632. [DOI: 10.1038/bmt.2016.236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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16
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Berens C, Heine A, Müller J, Held SAE, Mayer K, Brossart P, Oldenburg J, Pötzsch B, Wolf D, Rühl H. Variable resistance to freezing and thawing of CD34-positive stem cells and lymphocyte subpopulations in leukapheresis products. Cytotherapy 2016; 18:1325-31. [PMID: 27491794 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2016.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Leukapheresis products for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation can be cryopreserved for various indications. Although it is known that CD34(+) cells tolerate cryopreservation well, a significant loss of CD3(+) cells has been observed, which has been ascribed to several factors, including transport, storage conditions and granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) administration. METHODS To assess the tolerance of CD34(+) cells and lymphocyte subpopulations for cryopreservation and thawing, the post-thaw recoveries of CD34(+) cells, CD3(+)CD4(+) cells, CD3(+)CD8(+) cells, CD19(+) cells and CD16(+)CD56(+) cells were determined in 90 cryopreserved apheresis products, among which 65 were from G-CSF-mobilized donors, and 34 from unrelated donors that underwent transport before cryopreservation at our center. A controlled rate freezer and 5% dimethyl sulfoxide were used for cryopreservation. RESULTS We could detect statistically significant differences for CD34(+) cell recovery (93.0 ± 20.7%) when compared to CD3(+)CD4(+) cell (83.1 ± 15.4%, P = 0.014), and CD3(+)CD8(+) cell recovery (83.3 ± 13.9%, P = 0.001). Similarly, CD19(+) cell recovery (98.6 ± 15.1%) was higher than CD3(+)CD4(+) cell (P = 2.5 × 10(-7)) and CD3(+)CD8(+) cell recovery (P = 1.2 × 10(-8)). Post-thaw recovery rates of all cell populations were not impaired in G-CSF-mobilized products compared with non-mobilized products nor in unrelated compared with related donor products. DISCUSSION Our data suggest a lower tolerance of CD3(+) cells for cryopreservation and demonstrate that freezing-thawing resistance thawing is cell-specific and independent from other factors that affect post-thaw recovery of cryopreserved cells. Thus, a clinical consequence may be the monitoring of post-thaw CD3(+) cell doses of cryopreserved products, such as donor lymphocyte infusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Berens
- Institute of Experimental Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany
| | - Annkristin Heine
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Oncology, Hematology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany
| | - Jens Müller
- Institute of Experimental Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefanie Andrea Erika Held
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Oncology, Hematology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany
| | - Karin Mayer
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Oncology, Hematology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany
| | - Peter Brossart
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Oncology, Hematology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany
| | - Johannes Oldenburg
- Institute of Experimental Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany
| | - Bernd Pötzsch
- Institute of Experimental Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany
| | - Dominik Wolf
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Oncology, Hematology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany
| | - Heiko Rühl
- Institute of Experimental Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany.
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17
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Fritsch G, Frank N, Dmytrus J, Frech C, Pichler H, Witt V, Geyeregger R, Scharner D, Trbojevic D, Zipperer E, Printz D, Worel N. Relevance of flow cytometric enumeration of post-thaw leucocytes: influence of temperature during cell staining on viable cell recovery. Vox Sang 2016; 111:187-96. [PMID: 27037580 DOI: 10.1111/vox.12398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Our post-thaw cell recovery rates differed substantially in interlaboratory comparisons of identical samples, potentially due to different temperatures during cell staining. MATERIALS AND METHODS Viable CD34(+) cells and leucocyte (WBC) subtypes were quantified by multiparameter single-platform flow cytometry in leucapheresis products collected from 30 adult lymphoma and myeloma patients, and from 10 paediatric patients. After thawing, cells were prepared for analysis within 30 min between thawing and acquisition, at either 4°C or at room temperature. RESULTS For cell products cryopreserved in conventional freezing medium (10% final DMSO), viable cell recovery was clearly lower after staining at 4°C than at RT. Of all WBC subtypes analysed, CD4(+) T cells showed the lowest median recovery of 4% (4°C) vs. 25% (RT), followed by CD3, CD34 and CD8 cells. The recovery was highest for CD3γδ cells with 44% (4°C) vs. 71% (RT). In the 10 samples cryopreserved in synthetic freezing medium (5% final DMSO), median recovery rates were 89% for viable CD34 (both at 4°C and RT) and 79% (4°C) vs 68% (RT) for WBC. CONCLUSIONS The post-thaw environment and, potentially, the cryoprotectant impact the outcome of cell enumeration, and results from the analysis tube may not be representative of the cells infused into a patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Fritsch
- Children's Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), St. Anna Kinderkrebsforschung, Vienna, Austria
| | - N Frank
- Children's Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), St. Anna Kinderkrebsforschung, Vienna, Austria
| | - J Dmytrus
- Children's Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), St. Anna Kinderkrebsforschung, Vienna, Austria
| | - C Frech
- Children's Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), St. Anna Kinderkrebsforschung, Vienna, Austria
| | - H Pichler
- St. Anna Kinderspital, Universitätskinderklinik, Vienna, Austria
| | - V Witt
- St. Anna Kinderspital, Universitätskinderklinik, Vienna, Austria
| | - R Geyeregger
- Children's Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), St. Anna Kinderkrebsforschung, Vienna, Austria
| | - D Scharner
- Children's Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), St. Anna Kinderkrebsforschung, Vienna, Austria
| | - D Trbojevic
- Children's Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), St. Anna Kinderkrebsforschung, Vienna, Austria
| | - E Zipperer
- Children's Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), St. Anna Kinderkrebsforschung, Vienna, Austria
| | - D Printz
- Children's Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), St. Anna Kinderkrebsforschung, Vienna, Austria
| | - N Worel
- Dept. for Blood Group Serology and Transfusion Medicine, Medical University, Vienna, Austria
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18
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Spoerl S, Peter R, Wäscher D, Verbeek M, Menzel H, Peschel C, Krackhardt AM. Long-term experiences in cryopreservation of mobilized peripheral blood stem cells using a closed-bag system: a technology with potential for broader application. Transfusion 2015; 55:2702-8. [PMID: 26172379 DOI: 10.1111/trf.13206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Revised: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In several European countries, preparation of cellular products with open manufacturing systems as used for cryopreservation of peripheral blood stem cells (PBSCs) needs to be performed in a clean-room facility. However, this form of manufacturing is highly expensive and laborious. Thus, safe techniques providing improved efficacy regarding time and material, which are in accordance with legal requirements are highly desirable. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS We have developed, validated, and applied a simple method for cryopreservation of PBSCs within a functionally closed-bag system using the closed cryo freeze prep set. This process fulfills good manufacturing practice requirements and allows for the cryopreservation of PBSCs without a clean-room facility. In addition to cryopreservation of PBSCs, we have recently successfully modified our system for processing, portioning, and cryopreservation of allogeneic donor lymphocytes. RESULTS Since 2010, cryopreservation of PBSCs using a closed-bag system has been performed in our facility on a routine basis and 210 patients and healthy donors have been included in this analysis. No significant reduction in viability of CD34+ cells and no process-related contamination were observed. Outcome of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation regarding time of engraftment and infectious complications is comparable to products manufactured in conventional clean-room facilities. CONCLUSION Our data confirm that cryopreservation of PBSCs within a functionally closed-bag system is safe, effective, and economical. Furthermore, the system has the potential to be extended to other manufacturing processes of cellular products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Spoerl
- Medizinische Klinik III, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Robert Peter
- Medizinische Klinik III, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Dagmar Wäscher
- Medizinische Klinik III, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Mareike Verbeek
- Medizinische Klinik III, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Helge Menzel
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, St Franziskus-Hospital, Malteser Norddeutschland, Flensburg, Germany
| | - Christian Peschel
- Medizinische Klinik III, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Angela M Krackhardt
- Medizinische Klinik III, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
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19
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Pereira-Cunha FG, Duarte ASS, Reis-Alves SC, Olalla Saad ST, Metze K, Lorand-Metze I, Luzo ÂCM. Umbilical cord blood CD34(+) stem cells and other mononuclear cell subtypes processed up to 96 h from collection and stored at room temperature maintain a satisfactory functionality for cell therapy. Vox Sang 2014; 108:72-81. [PMID: 25333825 DOI: 10.1111/vox.12199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Revised: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Umbilical cord blood (UCB) is a good stem cell source for cell therapy. We recently demonstrated that cord blood mononuclear cell (MNCs) subtypes were viable and functional until 96 h after collection, even stored at room temperature. Now, we analyzed the viability and functionality of the cells before and after cryopreservation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty UCB units were analyzed at 24 and 96 h after collection, frozen for 6 months, thawed and re-evaluated. MNCs were analyzed by flow cytometry, viability by 7-AAD and clonogenic assays (CFU) were performed. RESULTS After 96 h of storage, no substantial loss of MNC was found (median 7.320 × 10(6 ) × 6.05 × 10(6) ). Percentage and viability CD34(+) cells, B-cell precursors and mesenchymal stem cells were not affected. However, mature B and T lymphocytes as well as granulocytes had a substantial loss. CFU growth was observed in all samples. Prefreezing storage of 96 h was associated with a relative loss of colony formation (median 12%). Postthaw, this loss had a median of 49% (24 h samples) to 56% (96 h samples). CONCLUSION The delay of 96 h before UCB processing is possible, without a prohibitive impairment of CD34(+) loss in number and functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- F G Pereira-Cunha
- Flow Cytometry Laboratory, Haematology Hemotherapy Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
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20
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Pre infusion, post thaw CD34+ peripheral blood stem cell enumeration as a predictor of haematopoietic engraftment in autologous haematopoietic cell transplantation. Transfus Apher Sci 2014; 50:443-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2014.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Revised: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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21
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Lee HR, Song EY, Shin S, Roh EY, Yoon JH, Kim BJ. Quality of cord blood cryopreserved for up to 5 years. Blood Res 2014; 49:54-60. [PMID: 24724068 PMCID: PMC3974959 DOI: 10.5045/br.2014.49.1.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Revised: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although cord blood (CB) is a well-known source of hematopoietic stem cells, uncertainties exist regarding the quality of cryopreserved CB. We investigated the changes in quality of CB units according to the duration of cryopreservation. Methods We analyzed CB units that were rejected from the Seoul Metropolitan Government Public Cord Blood Bank inventory after conventional processing, because of unsuitability for allogeneic transplantation. Two hundred CB units that were cryopreserved from 1 year to 5 years were selected. After thawing the cryopreserved CB units, the total nucleated cell (TNC) count, CD34+ cell count, number of colony-forming units (CFU), aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) level, cell viability, and apoptosis were analyzed. We conducted a comparative analysis to identify the presence of statistically significant differences in the recovery rates of the TNC and CD34+ cell counts and to compare the results of ALDH level, the cell viability test, the apoptosis test, and CFU analysis among groups according to the duration of cryopreservation. Results The recovery rates of the TNC count, the CD34+ cell count, and cell viability did not differ significantly according to the duration of cryopreservation. ALDH analysis, the cell viability test, and the apoptosis test did not reveal any increasing or decreasing trend according to the duration of cryopreservation. Further, the numbers of CFU-granulocyte/macrophage and CFU-granulocyte/erythrocyte/macrophage/megakaryocyte did not differ significantly according to the duration of cryopreservation. Conclusion These results suggest that the quality of CB is not affected by cryopreservation for up to a period of 5 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Ryun Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Korea
| | - Eun Young Song
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sue Shin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. ; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boramae Hospital, Seoul, Korea. ; Seoul Metropolitan Government Public Cord Blood Bank (Allcord), Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Youn Roh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. ; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boramae Hospital, Seoul, Korea. ; Seoul Metropolitan Government Public Cord Blood Bank (Allcord), Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Hyun Yoon
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. ; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boramae Hospital, Seoul, Korea. ; Seoul Metropolitan Government Public Cord Blood Bank (Allcord), Seoul, Korea
| | - Byoung Jae Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Boramae Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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22
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Fisher V, Khuu H, David-Ocampo V, Byrne K, Pavletic S, Bishop M, Fowler DH, Barrett AJ, Stroncek DF. Analysis of the recovery of cryopreserved and thawed CD34+ and CD3+ cells collected for hematopoietic transplantation. Transfusion 2013; 54:1088-92. [PMID: 24117879 DOI: 10.1111/trf.12428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Revised: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cryopreservation is often used to store cellular therapies, but little is known about how well CD3+ or CD34+ cells tolerate this process. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Viable CD34+ cell recoveries were analyzed from related and unrelated donor granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)-mobilized peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) products and viable CD3+ cell recoveries from G-CSF-mobilized and nonmobilized apheresis products from related and unrelated donors. All products were cryopreserved with 5% dimethyl sulfoxide and 6% pentastarch using a controlled-rate freezer and were stored in liquid nitrogen. Related donor products were cryopreserved immediately after collection and unrelated donor products greater than 12 hours postcollection. RESULTS The postthaw recovery of CD34+ cells from related donor PBSCs was high (n = 86; 97.5 ± 23.1%) and there was no difference in postthaw CD34+ cell recovery from unrelated donor PBSCs (n = 14; 98.8 ± 37.2%; p = 0.863). In related donor lymphocyte products the postthaw CD3+ cell recovery (n = 48; 90.7 ± 21.4%) was greater than that of unrelated donor products (n = 14; 66.6 ± 35.8%; p = 0.00251). All unrelated donor lymphocyte products were from G-CSF-mobilized products, while most related donor lymphocyte products were from nonmobilized products. A comparison of the CD3+ cell recovery from related donor G-CSF-mobilized products (n = 19; 85.0 ± 29.2%) with that of unrelated donor products found no significant difference (p = 0.137). CONCLUSIONS The postthaw recovery of CD34+ cells was high in both related and unrelated donor products, but the recovery of CD3+ cells in unrelated donor G-CSF-mobilized products was lower. G-CSF-mobilized unrelated donor products may contain fewer CD3+ cells than non-G-CSF-exposed products upon thaw and, when indicated, cell doses should be monitored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Fisher
- Cell Processing Section, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland
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