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Simtong P, Jumnainsong A, Leelayuwat C. Genetic profile of RHCE, Kell, Duffy, Kidd, Diego and MNS hybrid glycophorins blood groups in ethnic northeastern Thais: Alleles, genotypes and risk of alloimmunisation. Transfus Med 2024; 34:287-297. [PMID: 38804163 DOI: 10.1111/tme.13055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antibodies against blood group antigens play a key role in the pathophysiology of haemolytic transfusion reactions (HTRs) and haemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN). This study aimed to determine the frequencies of alleles, genotypes, and risk of alloimmunisation of clinically significant blood group systems in ethnic northeastern Thais. METHODS In total, 345 unrelated, healthy, ethnic northeastern Thais were tested using the in-house PCR-sequence specific primers (PCR-SSP) method for simultaneously genotyping of RHCE, Kell, Duffy, Kidd, Diego and MNS glycophorin hybrids and results confirmed by Sanger sequencing. RESULTS In this cohort, the alleles RHCE*C (81.0%) and RHCE*e (84.8%) were more prevalent than RHCE*c (19.0%) and RHCE*E (15.2%). The most common predicted haplotype combinations of the RHCE alleles were C+c-E-e+(R1R1) (59.4%) followed by the C+c+E+e+ (R1R2) (20.6%) and C+c+E-e+ (R1r) (11.3%). The KEL*01 allele was not found in this study. The frequencies of FY*01 and FY*02 were 88.3% and 11.7%, respectively. The genotype FY*02/02 was found in four samples (1.2%). The frequencies of JK*01 and JK*02 were 52.5% and 47.5%, respectively. Homozygous JK*02/02 was found in 81 samples (23.5%). The frequencies of DI*01 and DI*02 were 0.6% and 99.4%, respectively. In total, 64 samples (18.6%) were found to carry the MNS glycophorin hybrids. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicated a possible high risk of c, E, Fyb, Jka, Jkb and Mia alloimmunisation in these populations. Moreover, methods established for genotyping clinically significant blood groups in this study can now be utilised in routine clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyapong Simtong
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Sciences, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Centre for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Amonrat Jumnainsong
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Sciences, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Centre for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Chanvit Leelayuwat
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Sciences, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Centre for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
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2
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Hsu K. Erythroid anion transport, nitric oxide, and blood pressure. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1363987. [PMID: 38660536 PMCID: PMC11039876 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1363987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Glycophorin A and glycophorin B are structural membrane glycoproteins bound in the band 3 multiprotein complexes on human red blood cells (RBCs). Band 3 is an erythroid-specific anion exchanger (AE1). AE1-mediated HCO3 - transport provides the substrate for the enzyme-catalyzed conversion HCO3 - (aq) ⇌ CO2(g), which takes place inside the RBCs. Bicarbonate transport via AE1 supports intravascular acid-base homeostasis and respiratory excretion of CO2. In the past decade, we conducted several comparative physiology studies on Taiwanese people having the glycophorin variant GPMur RBC type (which accompanies greater AE1 expression). We found that increased anion transport across the erythrocyte membrane not only enhances gas exchange and lung functions but also elevates blood pressure (BP) and reduces nitric oxide (NO)-dependent vasodilation and exhaled NO fraction (FeNO) in healthy individuals with GP.Mur. Notably, in people carrying the GPMur blood type, the BP and NO-dependent, flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) are both more strongly correlated with individual hemoglobin (Hb) levels. As blood NO and nitrite (NO2 -) are predominantly scavenged by intraerythrocytic Hb, and NO2 - primarily enters RBCs via AE1, could a more monoanion-permeable RBC membrane (i.e., GPMur/increased AE1) enhance NO2 -/NO3 - permeability and Hb scavenging of NO2 - and NO to affect blood pressure? In this perspective, a working model is proposed for the potential role of AE1 in intravascular NO availability, blood pressure, and clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Hsu
- The Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- MacKay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing, and Management, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
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3
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Hassan SN, Mohamad S, Kannan TP, Hassan R, Wei S, Wan Ab Rahman WS. Prevalence of GP. Mur variant phenotype among Malaysian blood donors. Asian J Transfus Sci 2023; 17:169-174. [PMID: 38274953 PMCID: PMC10807541 DOI: 10.4103/ajts.ajts_125_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE A number of glycophorin variant phenotypes or hybrid glycophorin variants of the MNS blood group system bear multiple immunogenic antigens such as Mia, Mur, and MUT. In the East and Southeast Asian populations, glycoprotein (GP.) Mur is the most common glycophorin variant phenotype expressing those three immunogens. The aim of this study was to detect MNS system glycophorin variant phenotypes (GP. Mur, GP. Hop, GP. Bun, GP. HF, and GP. Hut) among Malaysian blood donors. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 144 blood donors were selected under stratified random sampling. The deoxyribonucleic acid was extracted from whole blood samples, followed by a polymerase chain reaction assay. Sanger sequencing was used to identify the specific MNS variants and then validated by a serological crossmatch with known anti-Mur and anti-MUT. RESULTS GP. Mur was identified among Malaysian blood donors with a prevalence of 6.94%, and no other variants of the MNS system were found. CONCLUSION The present study substantiates that GP. Mur is the main variant of the MNS system glycophorin (B-A-B) hybrid in Malaysian blood donors. GP. Mur-negative red blood cells must therefore be considered in the current transfusion policy in order to prevent alloimmunization and immune-mediated transfusion reactions, particularly in transfusion-dependent patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Suharni Mohamad
- School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Thirumulu Ponnuraj Kannan
- School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Human Genome Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Rosline Hassan
- Department of Hematology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - ShuangShi Wei
- CAS Key Lab of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China
| | - Wan Suriana Wan Ab Rahman
- School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Department of Hematology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
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Chomean S, Attapong J, Jitsuvantaya S, Poomsaard K, Dongwilai C, Bunnun P, Kaset C. Development of Mi a Phenotyping Using Paper-Based Device. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12123104. [PMID: 36553111 PMCID: PMC9777619 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12123104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The MNS7 (Mia) blood group antigen is found at a different prevalence among different ethnic groups. Anti-Mia can cause hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN) and both acute- and delayed-type hemolytic transfusion reactions (HTR). Mia typing should be performed in donors to prevent life-threatening hemolytic transfusion reactions. The gel card and standard tube methods still need specialized equipment, centrifugation, and expertise for result interpretation. We used a novel paper-based analytical device (PAD) pre-coated with monoclonal IgM anti-Mia for Mia phenotyping. We measured grey pixel intensity in blood typing results for interpretation processing using OpenCV at the sample (SP) and elution parts (EP); furthermore, we used the SP: EP ratio and F-score as analysis criteria. We typed 214 blood EDTA samples with PAD-Mia and then compared with gel card results for setting an analysis criterion. We observed 100% sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy when we applied the SP: EP ratio and F-score with the optimal criterion (1.07 and 0.17 for SP: EP ratio and F-score, respectively). The validation of PAD-Mia typing for blood donor samples (n = 150) via F-score gave 100% sensitivity and specificity when compared with the gel card method; therefore, we argue that PAD-Mia typing can be used for Mia phenotyping without sero-centrifugation. Moreover, to study the correlation between genotype and phenotype, PCR-SSP was performed to identify GYP(B-A-B) hybrids. The results revealed that all Mia+ blood samples gave a positive with GP. Hut, GP. HF, GP. Mur, GP. Hop, and GP. Bun. Results of the gel card method and PCR-SSP were concordant. Hence, using PAD-Mia typing in blood donors would be helpful for creating a phenotype database of blood donors for reducing alloimmunization risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirinart Chomean
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Jirapat Attapong
- Thammasat University Research Unit in Medical Technology and Precision Medicine Innovation, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Sumittra Jitsuvantaya
- Thammasat University Research Unit in Medical Technology and Precision Medicine Innovation, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Komin Poomsaard
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Chadchadaporn Dongwilai
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Pished Bunnun
- Industrial IoT and Automation Research Group (IIARG), National Electronics and Computer Technology Center (NECTEC), 112 Phaholyothin Road, Khlong Luang District, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Chollanot Kaset
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
- Thammasat University Research Unit in Medical Technology and Precision Medicine Innovation, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
- Correspondence:
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Hsu K, Tseng WC. What Decides Your Athletic Career?-Reflection from Our Study of GP.Mur-Associated Sports Talents during the COVID-19 Pandemic Era. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:12691. [PMID: 36231989 PMCID: PMC9566733 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This opinion article discusses the factors that attract children and teens to athletic careers. The most important attribute for the making of athletes is polished sports talent, followed by psychological, environmental, and incentive factors. Our laboratory studies a red blood cell (RBC) type called GP.Mur, which is rare in most parts of the world besides Southeast Asia. Intriguingly, the prevalence of the GP.Mur blood type is relatively high among Taiwanese elite athletes. The highest frequency of the GP.Mur blood type worldwide is found among Taiwan's Ami people (88-95% from hospital blood bank surveys in the 1980s). Though the Ami constitute only 0.6-0.8% of the Taiwanese population, from records of national track-and-field games in the past century, 10-60% of the medalists were Ami. Biologically, GP.Mur expression supports blood CO2 metabolism, which may have implications for athleticism. As many of our study subjects are elite college athletes with the GP.Mur blood type, we contemplated their upbringings and career dilemmas, especially during the difficult COVID-19 pandemic. Beyond individual sports talent, the pandemic particularly tests personal characteristics and socioeconomic support for becoming an athlete.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Hsu
- The Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Medical Research, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Tamsui, New Taipei City 251020, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City 25245, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, MacKay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing, and Management, New Taipei City 25245, Taiwan
- Department of Exercise & Health Sciences, University of Taipei, Taipei 100234, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chin Tseng
- Department of Physical Education, University of Taipei, Taipei 111036, Taiwan
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Chen YC, Hsu KN, Lai JCY, Chen LY, Kuo MS, Liao CC, Hsu K. Influence of hemoglobin on blood pressure among people with GP.Mur blood type ☆. J Formos Med Assoc 2022; 121:1721-1727. [PMID: 35000824 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2021.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE GP.Mur is a clinically important red blood cell (RBC) type. GP.Mur and band 3 interact on the RBCs. We previously observed that healthy adults with GP.Mur type present slightly higher blood pressure (BP). Because band 3 and Hb comodulate nitric oxide (NO)-dependent vasodilation and hemoglobin (Hb) is positively associated with BP, we aimed to test whether these could contribute to higher BP in GP.Mur+ people. METHODS We recruited 989 non-elderly adults (21% GP.Mur) free of catastrophic illness and not on cardiovascular or anti-hypertensive medication. Their body indices, blood lab data and lifestyle data were collected for analyses of potential BP-related factors (BMI, age, smoking, Hb, and GP.Mur). RESULTS BMI and age remained the most significant contributors to BP. GP.Mur slightly increased systolic BP (SBP). The direct correlation between Hb and BP was only found in Taiwanese non-anemic men, not women. After age and BMI adjusted, we estimated an increase of 1.8 mmHg and 2.6 mmHg of SBP by 1 g/dL Hb among men without and with GP.Mur type, respectively. Hb was generally lower among people expressing GP.Mur, which likely limited their larger impact on BP. CONCLUSION GP.Mur contributed to BP in both Hb-dependent and Hb-independent fashion. A pronounced impact of hemoglobin on BP likely requires sufficient Hb, as GP.Mur increased the sensitivity of SBP to Hb only in non-anemic Taiwanese men, and not in Taiwanese women or anemic men. The mechanism through which GP.Mur affected BP independent of Hb is unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Chih Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taitung MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taitung, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Nan Hsu
- Department of Neurology, Taitung MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taitung, Taiwan
| | - Jerry Cheng-Yen Lai
- Department of Medical Research, Taitung MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taitung, Taiwan
| | - Li-Yang Chen
- The Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Tamsui, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Shin Kuo
- The Department of Laboratory Medicine, Taitung MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taitung, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Chu Liao
- The Department of Laboratory Medicine, Taitung MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taitung, Taiwan
| | - Kate Hsu
- The Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Tamsui, New Taipei City, Taiwan; MacKay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing, and Management, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
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7
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Hsu K, Liu YY, Tseng WC, Huang KT, Liu CY, Chen LY, Lee HL, Lin HJ, Tseng KW, Yeh HI. Comodulation of NO-Dependent Vasodilation by Erythroid Band 3 and Hemoglobin: A GP.Mur Athlete Study. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:740100. [PMID: 34912857 PMCID: PMC8666951 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.740100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
GP.Mur, a red blood cell (RBC) hybrid protein encoded by glycophorin B-A-B, increases expression of erythroid band 3 (Anion Exchanger-1, SLC4A1). GP.Mur is extremely rare but has a prevalence of 1–10% in regions of Southeast Asia. We unexpectedly found slightly higher blood pressure (BP) among healthy Taiwanese adults with GP.Mur. Since band 3 has been suggested to interact with hemoglobin (Hb) to modulate nitric oxide (NO)-dependent hypoxic vasodilation during the respiratory cycle, we hypothesized that GP.Mur red cells could exert differentiable effects on vascular tone. Here we recruited GP.Mur-positive and GP.Mur-negative elite male college athletes, as well as age-matched, GP.Mur-negative non-athletes, for NO-dependent flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and NO-independent dilation (NID). The subjects were also tested for plasma nitrite and nitrate before and after arterial occlusion in FMD. GP.Mur+ and non-GP.Mur athletes exhibited similar heart rates and blood pressure, but GP.Mur+ athletes showed significantly lower FMD (4.8 ± 2.4%) than non-GP.Mur athletes (6.5 ± 2.1%). NO-independent vasodilation was not affected by GP.Mur. As Hb controls intravascular NO bioavailability, we examined the effect of Hb on limiting FMD and found it to be significantly stronger in GP.Mur+ subjects. Biochemically, plasma nitrite levels were directly proportional to individual band 3 expression on the red cell membrane. The increase of plasma nitrite triggered by arterial occlusion also showed small dependency on band 3 levels in non-GP.Mur subjects. By the GP.Mur comparative study, we unveiled comodulation of NO-dependent vasodilation by band 3 and Hb, and verified the long-pending role of erythroid band 3 in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Hsu
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,MacKay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing, and Management, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Yu Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chin Tseng
- Department of Physical Education, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Tse Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung-Cheng University, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yuan Liu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Li-Yang Chen
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Lin Lee
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ju Lin
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Wei Tseng
- Department of Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung-I Yeh
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Division of Cardiology, Departments of Internal Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Different Involvement of Band 3 in Red Cell Deformability and Osmotic Fragility-A Comparative GP.Mur Erythrocyte Study. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123369. [PMID: 34943876 PMCID: PMC8699424 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
GP.Mur is a clinically important red blood cell (RBC) phenotype in Southeast Asia. The molecular entity of GP.Mur is glycophorin B-A-B hybrid protein that promotes band 3 expression and band 3–AQP1 interaction, and alters the organization of band 3 complexes with Rh/RhAG complexes. GP.Mur+ RBCs are more resistant to osmotic stress. To explore whether GP.Mur+ RBCs could be structurally more resilient, we compared deformability and osmotic fragility of fresh RBCs from 145 adults without major illness (47% GP.Mur). We also evaluated potential impacts of cellular and lipid factors on RBC deformability and osmotic resistivity. Contrary to our anticipation, these two physical properties were independent from each other based on multivariate regression analyses. GP.Mur+ RBCs were less deformable than non-GP.Mur RBCs. We also unexpectedly found 25% microcytosis in GP.Mur+ female subjects (10/40). Both microcytosis and membrane cholesterol reduced deformability, but the latter was only observed in non-GP.Mur and not GP.Mur+ normocytes. The osmotic fragility of erythrocytes was not affected by microcytosis; instead, larger mean corpuscular volume (MCV) increased the chances of hypotonic burst. From comparison with GP.Mur+ RBCs, higher band 3 expression strengthened the structure of RBC membrane and submembranous cytoskeletal networks and thereby reduced cell deformability; stronger band 3–AQP1 interaction additionally supported osmotic resistance. Thus, red cell deformability and osmotic resistivity involve distinct structural–functional roles of band 3.
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Kaito S, Suzuki Y, Masuno A, Isa K, Toyoda C, Onodera T, Ogasawara K, Uchikawa M, Tsuno NH, Satake M. Frequencies of glycophorin variants and alloantibodies against Hil and MINY antigens in Japanese. Vox Sang 2021; 117:94-98. [PMID: 34227688 DOI: 10.1111/vox.13121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Antigens of the MNS blood group system are expressed on the red blood cell (RBC) membrane on glycophorin A (GPA) and glycophorin B (GPB) or on hybrid molecules of GPA and GPB. This study investigated the distribution of glycophorin variants and alloantibodies against Hil and MINY among Japanese individuals. METHODS Mi(a+) or Hil+ RBCs were screened using an automated blood grouping machine (PK7300) with monoclonal anti-Mia or polyclonal anti-Hil. Glycophorin variants were defined by serology with monoclonal antibodies against Mia , Vw, MUT and Mur, and polyclonal antibodies against Hil, MINY and Hop + Nob (KIPP). The glycophorin variants were further confirmed by immunoblotting and Sanger sequencing. Alloanti-Hil and alloanti-MINY in the plasma were screened using GP.Hil RBCs in an antiglobulin test. The specificity of anti-Hil or anti-MINY was assessed using GP.Hil (Hil+MINY+) and GP.JL (Hil-MINY+) RBCs. RESULTS The GP.HF, GP.Mur, GP.Hut, GP.Vw, GP.Kip and GP.Bun frequencies in 1 005 594 individuals were 0·0357%, 0·0256%, 0·0181%, 0·0017%, 0·0009% and 0·0007%, respectively. GP.Hil was found in as four of the 13 546 individuals (0·0295%). Of 137 370 donors, 10 had anti-Hil (0·0073%) and three had anti-MINY (0·0022%). CONCLUSIONS Glycophorin variants were relatively rare in Japanese individuals, with the major variants being GP.HF (0·0357%), GP.Hil (0·0295%) and GP.Mur (0·0256%). Only one example of anti-MINY was previously reported, but we found three more in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayaka Kaito
- Japanese Red Cross Kanto-Koshinetsu Block Blood Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yumi Suzuki
- Japanese Red Cross Kanto-Koshinetsu Block Blood Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsuko Masuno
- Japanese Red Cross Kanto-Koshinetsu Block Blood Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazumi Isa
- Japanese Red Cross Central Blood Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chizu Toyoda
- Japanese Red Cross Kanto-Koshinetsu Block Blood Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Onodera
- Japanese Red Cross Kanto-Koshinetsu Block Blood Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Makoto Uchikawa
- Japanese Red Cross Kanto-Koshinetsu Block Blood Center, Tokyo, Japan
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Lopez GH, Wilson B, Turner RM, Millard GM, Fraser NS, Roots NM, Liew YW, Hyland CA, Flower RL. Frequency of Mi a (MNS7) and Classification of Mi a-Positive Hybrid Glycophorins in an Australian Blood Donor Population. Transfus Med Hemother 2019; 47:279-286. [PMID: 32884500 DOI: 10.1159/000504026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background MNS blood group system genes GYPA and GYPB share a high degree of sequence homology and gene structure. Homologous exchanges between GYPA and GYPB form hybrid genes encoding hybrid glycophorins GP(A-B-A) and GP(B-A-B). Over 20 hybrid glycophorins have been characterised. Each has a distinct phenotype defined by the profile of antigens expressed including Mi<sup>a</sup>. Seven hybrid glycophorins carry Mi<sup>a</sup> and have been reported in Caucasian and Asian population groups. In Australia, the population is diverse; however, the prevalence of hybrid glycophorins in the population has never been determined. The aims of this study were to determine the frequency of Mi<sup>a</sup> and to classify Mi<sup>a</sup>-positive hybrid glycophorins in an Australian blood donor population. Method Blood samples from 5,098 Australian blood donors were randomly selected and screened for Mi<sup>a</sup> using anti-Mi<sup>a</sup> monoclonal antibody (CBC-172) by standard haemagglutination technique. Mi<sup>a</sup>-positive red blood cells (RBCs) were further characterised using a panel of phenotyping reagents. Genotyping by high-resolution melting analysis and DNA sequencing were used to confirm serology. Result RBCs from 11/5,098 samples were Mi<sup>a</sup>-positive, representing a frequency of 0.22%. Serological and molecular typing identified four types of Mi<sup>a</sup>-positive hybrid glycophorins: GP.Hut (n = 2), GP.Vw (n = 3), GP.Mur (n = 5), and 1 GP.Bun (n = 1). GP.Mur was the most common. Conclusion This is the first comprehensive study on the frequency of Mi<sup>a</sup> and types of hybrid glycophorins present in an Australian blood donor population. The demographics of Australia are diverse and ever-changing. Knowing the blood group profile in a population is essential to manage transfusion needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genghis H Lopez
- Research and Development Laboratory, Clinical Services and Research Division, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia.,Red Cell Reference Laboratory, Clinical Services and Research Division, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia.,School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Brett Wilson
- Red Cell Reference Laboratory, Clinical Services and Research Division, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia
| | - Robyn M Turner
- Red Cell Reference Laboratory, Clinical Services and Research Division, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia
| | - Glenda M Millard
- Red Cell Reference Laboratory, Clinical Services and Research Division, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nicole S Fraser
- Research and Development Laboratory, Clinical Services and Research Division, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia
| | - Naomi M Roots
- Red Cell Reference Laboratory, Clinical Services and Research Division, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia
| | - Yew-Wah Liew
- Red Cell Reference Laboratory, Clinical Services and Research Division, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia
| | - Catherine A Hyland
- Research and Development Laboratory, Clinical Services and Research Division, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia
| | - Robert L Flower
- Research and Development Laboratory, Clinical Services and Research Division, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia
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Lin X, Rubio G, Patel J, Banerjee S, Frame T, Billups N, Yang J. Hybrid glycophorin and red blood cell antigen genotyping in Asian American type O blood donors with Mi a phenotype. Transfusion 2019; 59:3767-3775. [PMID: 31697429 DOI: 10.1111/trf.15584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The GP.Mur glycophorin with Mia phenotype is relatively common and clinically significant in the Southeast Asian populations. The aim of this study is to genotype Mia -positive Asian American type O blood donors. Red blood cell (RBC) minor antigens were also determined in the same cohort. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Asian American blood donors of the Gulf Coast Regional Blood Center (Houston, TX) were screened using a typing reagent (NOVACLONE Anti-Mia Monoclonal IgG Typing Reagent, Dominion Biologicals Ltd) from March 2016 to July 2018. Aliquots of Mia -positive blood from type O donors were subjected to serologic confirmation using Mia - and/or Mur-specific GAMA210 and 64D6 monoclonal antibodies, and two human antisera. Extracted genomic DNA was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using GYP hybrid gene/allele-specific primers followed by bidirectional Sanger sequencing. Zygosity for GYP*Mur and GYP*Bun was determined using TaqMan real-time PCR assay. Phenotypes of 35 RBC antigens and three phenotypic variants were determined with use of an in vitro diagnostic test, PreciseType HEA Molecular BeadChip Test (Immucor). RESULTS By screening 4600 blood donations in the Houston metropolitan area, 209 samples from 103 unique donors were identified to be Mia -positive. By PCR and sequencing analysis, 97 of the 103 Mia -positive donors carried hybrid genes GYP*Mur (89.7% including two homozygotes), GYP*Bun (6.2%), GYP*Vw (3.1%) and GYP*Hut (1.0%). Concordance between serology and DNA analysis was 98%, 99%, and 100% for the GAMA210, 64D6, and human antisera, respectively. Genotyping of RBC antigens showed that the Mia -positive donors were predominantly associated M+ N- S- s+ (48.5%) and M+ N+ S- s+ (38.1%) phenotypes. CONCLUSIONS The GP.Mur glycophorin is most prevalent in the Mia -positive Asian American type O blood donors.
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12
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Hsu K. Exploring the Potential Roles of Band 3 and Aquaporin-1 in Blood CO 2 Transport-Inspired by Comparative Studies of Glycophorin B-A-B Hybrid Protein GP.Mur. Front Physiol 2018; 9:733. [PMID: 29971013 PMCID: PMC6018491 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The Cl—/HCO3— exchanger band 3 is functionally relevant to blood CO2 transport. Band 3 is the most abundant membrane protein in human red blood cells (RBCs). Our understanding of its physiological functions mainly came from clinical cases associated with band 3 mutations. Severe reduction in band 3 expression affects blood HCO3—/CO2 metabolism. What could happen physiologically if band 3 expression is elevated instead? In some areas of Southeast Asia, about 1–10% of the populations express GP.Mur, a glycophorin B-A-B hybrid membrane protein important in the field of transfusion medicine. GP.Mur functions to promote band 3 expression, and GP.Mur red cells can be deemed as a naturally occurred model for higher band 3 expression. This review first compares the functional consequences of band 3 at different levels, and suggests a critical role of band 3 in postnatal CO2 respiration. The second part of the review explores the transport of water, which is the other substrate for intra-erythrocytic CO2/HCO3— conversion (an essential step in blood CO2 transport). Despite that water is considered unlimited physiologically, it is unclear whether water channel aquaporin-1 (AQP1) abundantly expressed in RBCs is functionally involved in CO2 transport. Research in this area is complicated by the fact that the H2O/CO2-transporting function of AQP1 is replaceable by other erythrocyte channels/transporters (e.g., UT-B/GLUT1 for H2O; RhAG for CO2). Recently, using carbonic anhydrase II (CAII)-filled erythrocyte vesicles, AQP1 has been demonstrated to transport water for the CAII-mediated reaction, CO2(g) + H2O ⇌ HCO3—(aq) + H+(aq). AQP1 is structurally associated with some population of band 3 complexes on the erythrocyte membrane in an osmotically responsive fashion. The current findings reveal transient interaction among components within the band 3-central, CO2-transport metabolon (AQP1, band 3, CAII and deoxygenated hemoglobin). Their dynamic interaction is envisioned to facilitate blood CO2 respiration, in the presence of constantly changing osmotic and hemodynamic stresses during circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Hsu
- Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Laboratories, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Tamsui, Taiwan
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13
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Nadarajan VS. The prevalence, immunogenicity, and evanescence of alloantibodies to MUT and Mur antigens of GP.Mur red blood cells in a Southeast Asian patient cohort. Transfusion 2018; 58:1189-1198. [PMID: 29441590 DOI: 10.1111/trf.14538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antibodies to Mia , MUT, and Mur are among the most frequently identified alloantibodies in Southeast Asia. Understanding the characteristics of these antibodies in terms of induction and evanescence would aid in optimizing methods for their detection. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Antibody testing results between the years 2013 and 2015 with relevant patient demographic data and red blood cell (RBC) transfusion history were retrieved. Cumulative alloimmunization incidence and evanescence to MUT and Mur were estimated by Kaplan-Meier analysis in relation to the number of RBC units transfused and time. RESULTS Of 70,543 selected patients, 6186 nonalloimmunized subjects with available antibody testing results posttransfusion were identified. Cumulative alloimmunization incidence for MUT increased from 0.12% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.03-0.21) to 0.63% (95% CI, 0.25-1.01), while for Mur it increased from 0.04% (95% CI, 0-0.09) to 0.42% (95% CI, 0.05-0.79) when a patient was transfused 2 RBC units as compared to 12. Both antibodies had high evanescence rates and at 1 year, anti-MUT and -Mur will be detected in only 45% (95% CI, 35%-57%) and 27% (95% CI, 17%-43%), respectively, of previously positive patients. MUT and Mur immunogenicity was estimated to be 1.7 and 1.2 times higher than E when their rate of evanescence was taken into account. CONCLUSION Antibodies to MUT and Mur develop following multiple RBC exposures. Immunogenicity of MUT/Mur and evanescence rates of the corresponding antibodies is higher compared to anti-E. Appropriate selection of antibody screening cells is needed in view of the high prevalence, immunogenicity, and evanescence of the antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veera Sekaran Nadarajan
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya, Lembah Pantai, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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14
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Hsu K, Kuo MS, Yao CC, Cheng HC, Lin HJ, Chan YS, Lin M. The MNS glycophorin variant GP.Mur affects differential erythroid expression of Rh/RhAG transcripts. Vox Sang 2017; 112:671-677. [PMID: 28836328 DOI: 10.1111/vox.12555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2017] [Revised: 06/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The band 3 macrocomplex (also known as the ankyrin-associated complex) on the red cell membrane comprises two interacting subcomplexes: a band 3/glycophorin A subcomplex, and a Rh/RhAG subcomplex. Glycophorin B (GPB) is a component of the Rh/RhAG subcomplex that is also structurally associated with glycophorin A (GPA). Expression of glycophorin B-A-B hybrid GP.Mur enhances band 3 expression and is associated with lower levels of Rh-associated glycoprotein (RhAG) and Rh polypeptides. The goal of this study was to determine whether GP.Mur influenced erythroid Rh/RhAG expression at the transcript level. MATERIALS AND METHODS GP.Mur was serologically determined in healthy participants from Taitung County, Taiwan. RNA was extracted from the reticulocyte-enriched fraction of peripheral blood, followed by reverse transcription and quantitative PCR for RhAG, RhD and RhCcEe. RESULTS Quantification by real-time PCR revealed significantly fewer RhAG and RhCcEe transcripts in the reticulocytes from subjects with homozygous GYP*Mur. Independent from GYP.Mur, both RhAG and RhD transcript levels were threefold or higher than that of RhCcEe. Also, in GYP.Mur and the control samples alike, direct quantitative associations were observed between the transcript levels of RhAG and RhD, but not between that of RhAG and RhCcEe. CONCLUSION Erythroid RhD and RhCcEe were differentially expressed at the transcript levels, which could be related to their different degrees of interaction or sensitivity to RhAG. Further, the reduction or absence of glycophorin B in GYP.Mur erythroid cells affected transcript expressions of RhAG and RhCcEe. Thus, GPB and GP.Mur differentially influenced Rh/RhAG expressions prior to protein translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Hsu
- Transfusion Medicine Laboratory, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Tamsui, Taiwan
| | - M-S Kuo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taitung, Taiwan
| | - C-C Yao
- Transfusion Medicine Laboratory, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Tamsui, Taiwan
| | - H-C Cheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taitung, Taiwan
| | - H-J Lin
- Transfusion Medicine Laboratory, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Tamsui, Taiwan
| | - Y-S Chan
- Mackay Memorial Hospital Blood Bank, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - M Lin
- Transfusion Medicine Laboratory, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Tamsui, Taiwan
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15
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Hsu K, Lee TY, Periasamy A, Kao FJ, Li LT, Lin CY, Lin HJ, Lin M. Adaptable interaction between aquaporin-1 and band 3 reveals a potential role of water channel in blood CO 2 transport. FASEB J 2017; 31:4256-4264. [PMID: 28596233 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201601282r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Human CO2 respiration requires rapid conversion between CO2 and HCO3- Carbonic anhydrase II facilitates this reversible reaction inside red blood cells, and band 3 [anion exchanger 1 (AE1)] provides a passage for HCO3- flux across the cell membrane. These 2 proteins are core components of the CO2 transport metabolon. Intracellular H2O is necessary for CO2/HCO3- conversion. However, abundantly expressed aquaporin 1 (AQP1) in erythrocytes is thought not to be part of band 3 complexes or the CO2 transport metabolon. To solve this conundrum, we used Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) measured by fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM-FRET) and identified interaction between aquaporin-1 and band 3 at a distance of 8 nm, within the range of dipole-dipole interaction. Notably, their interaction was adaptable to membrane tonicity changes. This suggests that the function of AQP1 in tonicity response could be coupled or correlated to its function in band 3-mediated CO2/HCO3- exchange. By demonstrating AQP1 as a mobile component of the CO2 transport metabolon, our results uncover a potential role of water channel in blood CO2 transport and respiration.-Hsu, K., Lee, T.-Y., Periasamy, A., Kao, F.-J., Li, L.-T., Lin, C.-Y., Lin, H.-J., Lin, M. Adaptable interaction between aquaporin-1 and band 3 reveals a potential role of water channel in blood CO2 transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Hsu
- Transfusion Medicine Laboratory, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Tamsui, Taiwan;
| | - Ting-Ying Lee
- Transfusion Medicine Laboratory, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Tamsui, Taiwan
| | - Ammasi Periasamy
- W. M. Keck Center for Cellular Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Fu-Jen Kao
- Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Tzu Li
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chuang-Yu Lin
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hui-Ju Lin
- Transfusion Medicine Laboratory, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Tamsui, Taiwan
| | - Marie Lin
- Transfusion Medicine Laboratory, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Tamsui, Taiwan
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. L. Ji
- Institute of Clinical Blood Transfusion; Guangzhou Blood Center; Guangzhou China
| | - C. E. van der Schoot
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory; Academic Medical Centre; University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam The Netherlands
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17
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Wei L, Shan ZG, Flower RL, Wang Z, Wen JZ, Luo GP, Ji YL. The distribution of MNS hybrid glycophorins with Mur antigen expression in Chinese donors including identification of a novel GYP.Bun allele. Vox Sang 2016; 111:308-314. [PMID: 27232276 DOI: 10.1111/vox.12421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES MNS hybrid glycophorins are identified by characteristic antigen profiles. One of these is the Mur antigen, which is expressed on red cell hybrid glycophorins of several phenotypes of the 'Miltenberger' series found predominantly in East Asian population. The aim of this study was to investigate the distribution of Mur-positive hybrid glycophorins and clarify the genetic basis in the donors from southern China. MATERIALS AND METHODS Blood samples from 528 donors were collected for Mur antigen serological typing. Sequencing of GYPB pseudoexon 3 and MNS phenotyping were conducted in Mur-positive samples. The multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) was used to confirm the zygosity of the GYP.Mur allele and determine the MNSs genotype. The expression of Mur antigen was evaluated by flow cytometry. RESULTS Fifty-one Mur-positive samples were identified by serological testing. Sequencing analysis showed 50 donors (50/528, 9.5%) with the GYP.Mur allele (48 heterozygotes and two homozygotes), which were confirmed by the MLPA genotyping analysis, and one donor (1/528, 0.19%) with a novel GYP.Bun allele. Flow cytometry analysis revealed higher Mur antigen expression on GP.Mur (Mi.III) homozygotes than heterozygotes. For the GYP.Mur homozygotes, an incorrect 'N' positive typing with anti-N lectin was obtained. CONCLUSION GP.Mur (Mi.III) is the main Mur-positive hybrid glycophorin in Guangzhou donors. The dosage effect of Mur antigen observed provides a basis for selecting the homozygous GP.Mur RBCs as the reagent cells to avoid neglecting weak antibodies. A separate GYP.Bun lineage found in the southern China provides evidence for further complexity in the MNS system.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Wei
- Institute of Clinical Blood Transfusion, Guangzhou Blood Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Z G Shan
- Institute of Clinical Blood Transfusion, Guangzhou Blood Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - R L Flower
- Clinical Services and Research, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Z Wang
- Institute of Clinical Blood Transfusion, Guangzhou Blood Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - J Z Wen
- Institute of Clinical Blood Transfusion, Guangzhou Blood Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - G P Luo
- Institute of Clinical Blood Transfusion, Guangzhou Blood Center, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Y L Ji
- Institute of Clinical Blood Transfusion, Guangzhou Blood Center, Guangzhou, China.
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18
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Hsu K, Kuo MS, Yao CC, Lee TY, Chen YC, Cheng HC, Lin CH, Yu TH, Lin HJ. Expedited CO2 respiration in people with Miltenberger erythrocyte phenotype GP.Mur. Sci Rep 2015; 5:10327. [PMID: 26000803 PMCID: PMC4441147 DOI: 10.1038/srep10327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
In Southeast Asia, Miltenberger antigen subtype III (Mi.III; GP.Mur) is considered one of the most important red blood cell antigens in the field of transfusion medicine. Mi.III functions to promote erythrocyte band 3 expression and band 3-related HCO3(-) transport, with implications in blood CO2 metabolism. Could Mi.III affect physiologic CO2 respiration in its carriers? Here, we conducted a human trial to study the impacts of Mi.III expression in respiration. We recruited 188 healthy, adult subjects for blood typing, band 3 measurements, and respiratory tests before and after exercise. The 3-minute step exercise test forced the demand for CO2 dissipation to rise. We found that immediately following exercise, Mi.III + subjects exhaled CO2 at greater rates than Miltenberger-negative subjects. Respiration rates were also higher for Mi.III + subjects immediately after exercise. Blood gas tests further revealed distinct blood CO2 responses post-exercise between Mi.III and non-Mi.III. In contrast, from measurements of heart rates, blood O2 saturation and lactate, Mi.III phenotype was found to be independent of one's aerobic and anaerobic capacities. Thus, Mi.III expression supported physiologic CO2 respiration. Conceivably, Mi.III + people may have advantages in performing physically enduring activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Hsu
- Transfusion Medicine Laboratory, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Tamsui, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Shin Kuo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taitung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Che Yao
- Transfusion Medicine Laboratory, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Tamsui, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Ying Lee
- Transfusion Medicine Laboratory, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Tamsui, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chun Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taitung, Taiwan
| | - Han-Chih Cheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taitung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hao Lin
- Department of Physical Education, National Taitung University, Taitung, Taiwan
| | - Tzung-Han Yu
- Department of Physical Education, National Taitung University, Taitung, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ju Lin
- Transfusion Medicine Laboratory, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Tamsui, Taiwan
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Hsu K, Yao CC, Lin YC, Chang CL, Lee TY. Dissecting alternative splicing in the formation of Miltenberger glycophorin subtype III (GYP.Mur). Vox Sang 2015; 108:403-9. [PMID: 25753520 DOI: 10.1111/vox.12236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Revised: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Miltenberger subtype III (Mi.III, GP.Mur) is one of the most important red cell phenotypes in the fields of transfusion in South-East Asia. GP.Mur is believed to evolve from homologous gene recombination events between glycophorin A (GYPA) and glycophorin B (GYPB). GYP.Mur differs from GYPB in only seven nucleotides dispersed near the region of 3' exon 3 of GYP.Mur. The goal of this study was to dissect how these nucleotide variants affected splicing of exon 3. MATERIALS AND METHODS We first designed two minigene constructs: one containing GYP.Mur from exon 2 to exon 4 and the other containing GYPB in the same region. To test how these nucleotide variations between GYP.Mur and GYPB affected the splicing, a repertoire of the GYP.Mur-like minigene constructs with different point mutations were created. These minigene variants were evaluated for their abilities to induce splicing of exon 3 using a heterologous expression system. RESULTS (1) GYP.Mur minigene expressed exons 2, 3 and 4, whereas GYPB minigene expressed only exon 2 and exon 4. (2) The single nucleotide alteration at the position of the 5' splice site of glycophorin intron 3 reversed the splicing decision. (3) The nucleotide variations between GYP.Mur and GYPB other than that at the 5' splice site showed very little or no effect on splicing of exon 3. CONCLUSION Splicing of the glycophorin B-A-B hybrids (GYP.Mur and GYP.BUN) and unsplicing of GYPB follow the GU-AG rule strictly.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Hsu
- Mackay Memorial Hospital Transfusion Medicine Laboratory & Blood Bank, Tamsui, Taiwan
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