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Koo YK, Kwon SS, Suh EJ, Kim NH, Kim HK, Cho YK, Choi SJ, Kim S, Lee KA. Evaluating the TaqMan Jr a-Genotyping Method for Rapidly Predicting the Presence of Anti-Jr a Antibodies. Ann Lab Med 2024; 44:418-425. [PMID: 38373791 PMCID: PMC11169768 DOI: 10.3343/alm.2023.0325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The Jra antigen is a high-prevalence red blood cell (RBC) antigen. Reports on cases of fatal hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn and acute hemolytic transfusion reactions suggest that antibodies against Jra (anti-Jra) have potential clinical significance. Identifying anti-Jra is challenging owing to a lack of commercially available antisera. We developed an alternative approach to rapidly predict the presence of anti-Jra using the TaqMan single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-genotyping method. Methods Residual peripheral blood samples from 10 patients suspected of having the anti-Jra were collected. Two samples with confirmed Jr(a-) RBCs and anti-Jra were used to validate the TaqMan genotyping assay by comparing the genotyping results with direct sequencing. The accuracy of the assay in predicting the presence of anti-Jra was verified through crossmatching with in-house Jr(a-) O+ RBCs. Results The TaqMan-genotyping method was validated with two Jr(a-) RBC- and anti-Jra-confirmed samples that showed concordant Jra genotyping and direct sequencing results. Jra genotyping for the remaining samples and crossmatching the serum samples with inhouse Jr(a-) O+ RBCs showed consistent results. Conclusions We validated a rapid, simple, accurate, and cost-effective method for predicting the presence of anti-Jra using a TaqMan-based SNP-genotyping assay. Implementing this method in routine practice in clinical laboratories will assist in solving difficult problems regarding alloantibodies to high-prevalence RBC antigens and ultimately aid in providing safe and timely transfusions and proper patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Kyung Koo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soon Sung Kwon
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Jung Suh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Na Hyeong Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Kyung Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Youn Keong Cho
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Jun Choi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sinyoung Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung-A Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Cho YK, Kim HK, Suh EJ, Kim HO, Kim S. Generation of a human induced pluripotent stem cell line (YUCMi020-A) from peripheral blood mononuclear cells derived from a female with the Jr(a-) blood type. Stem Cell Res 2024; 77:103434. [PMID: 38703667 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2024.103434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The Jra antigen, the only antigen within the JR blood group system, is a high-prevalence red blood cell (RBC) antigen found in over 99 % of the global population. An induced pluripotent stem cell line (YUCMi020-A) was generated from peripheral blood drawn from a Jr(a-) phenotype individual, who was homozygous for a null mutation of ABCG2*01N.01 (rs72552713, c.376C>T; p.Gln126*). The generated line exhibited pluripotent characteristics and no chromosomal aberrations. This cell line will serve as a cell source, enabling us to produce RBCs with the Jr(a-) phenotype in vitro, which can be used for transfusing individuals with anti-Jra antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youn Keong Cho
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Kyung Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Jung Suh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ok Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sinyoung Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Kwon SS, Yun YE, Kim NH, Suh EJ, Kim SK, Kim S. A novel ABCG2 variant causing Jr(a-) phenotype. Transfusion 2024; 64:E9-E10. [PMID: 38361420 DOI: 10.1111/trf.17752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Soon Sung Kwon
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeo Eun Yun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Na Hyeong Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Jung Suh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo-Kyung Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sinyoung Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Kim TY, Park MS, Jang JH, Woo HY, Cho D. Prevalence and molecular basis of null blood group phenotypes in the Korean population: Analysis using a public database. Transfusion 2024; 64:19-23. [PMID: 38031501 DOI: 10.1111/trf.17608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Null phenotypes are characterized by complete absence of all antigens within a blood group system and caused by null variants (e.g., nonsense, frameshift, initiation codon, and canonical splice site variants) in the genes encoding the antigens. Knowing the prevalence and molecular basis of null phenotypes is essential to establish a rare donor program, and the aim of this study was to reveal the prevalence and molecular basis of null phenotypes using the Korean Reference Genome Database (KRGDB) containing whole-genome sequences of 1722 Korean individuals. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Population allele frequencies of null alleles in 39 blood group systems except ABO, MNS, Rh, Lewis, and FORS were obtained from the KRGDB. The prevalence of null phenotypes was calculated using Hardy-Weinberg equation. RESULTS The prevalence of null phenotypes were estimated to be less than 0.001% in all blood group systems except JR and SID. The prevalence of the Jr(a-) and Sd(a-) phenotypes were estimated to be 0.0453% and 0.2323%, respectively. The most frequent null allele of the JR system was ABCG2*01N.01, accounting for approximately 85% of null alleles. DISCUSSION Our approach using a public database allowed us to investigate the prevalence and molecular basis of null phenotypes in the Korean population, which will serve as a guide for establishing a rare donor program in Korea. Considering the clinical significance, Jr(a-) is an important null phenotype that should be typed in the Korean population, and molecular assays targeting the most frequent allele ABCG2*01N.01 may be useful in detecting this phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Yeul Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min-Seung Park
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ja-Hyun Jang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee-Yeon Woo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Duck Cho
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Xiao J, Yang Q, Gao S, Song H, Zhao F, Guo Z, Zhang Y, Zhu Z, Ye L, Xiang D. Hemolytic disease of the newborn due to anti-Jra from a Chinese mother with one novel and one classic heterozygous mutation. Transfus Med 2023; 33:297-305. [PMID: 36971189 DOI: 10.1111/tme.12966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Investigation of a Jr(a-) family samples, identification of the mutant and assessment of the differences of Jr antigen density of the Jr(a-) family members, random adult and newborn individuals' RBCs. BACKGROUND The anti-Jra antibody is generated when a Jr(a-) individual pregnant or transfused with Jr(a+) blood unit, which can lead to mild-to-moderate hemolytic disease of the foetus and newborn (HDFN) or hemolytic transfusion reaction (HTR). Several mutations had been identified. The anti-Jra caused HDFN is not rare in East Asia, but due to the lack of antibody and molecular background, it is likely to lead missed detection. METHODS AND MATERIALS One G4P1 woman had been detected as IAT positive during prenatal examination. Suspected as anti-Jra after the laboratory serological testing, the maternal sample was further assessed by molecular analysis. The antigen density was detected by flow cytometry after reacting with anti-Jra serum in family members and the normal individuals. RESULTS One novel frameshift mutation c.717delC and one previously identified mutation c.706C > T in ABCG2 was identified on proband. The infant haemoglobin(Hb) and bilirubin increased significantly after exchange transfusion and the severe HDFN was relieved. Flow cytometry results showed that the Jra antigens on adult RBCs were significantly less than those on the infant. CONCLUSION The c.717delC mutation can lead to the shortening of protein ABCG2 in the site of p.Leu307Stop, result in the loss of Jra antigen. The difference in antigen density between adult and infant RBCs may be a possible reason that leads to severe HDFN but not transfusion reaction. Breastfeeding may lead to slower recovery from HDFN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xiao
- Department of Transfusion, Sichuan Provincial Hospital for Women and Children, Chengdu, China
| | - Qixiu Yang
- Immunohematology Lab, Shanghai Institute of Blood Transfusion, Shanghai Blood Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Shouxi Gao
- Department of Transfusion, Sichuan Provincial Hospital for Women and Children, Chengdu, China
| | - Hui Song
- Department of Transfusion, Sichuan Provincial Hospital for Women and Children, Chengdu, China
| | - Fengyong Zhao
- Immunohematology Lab, Shanghai Institute of Blood Transfusion, Shanghai Blood Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhonghui Guo
- Immunohematology Lab, Shanghai Institute of Blood Transfusion, Shanghai Blood Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuyu Zhang
- Immunohematology Lab, Shanghai Institute of Blood Transfusion, Shanghai Blood Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziyan Zhu
- Immunohematology Lab, Shanghai Institute of Blood Transfusion, Shanghai Blood Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Luyi Ye
- Immunohematology Lab, Shanghai Institute of Blood Transfusion, Shanghai Blood Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Dong Xiang
- Immunohematology Lab, Shanghai Institute of Blood Transfusion, Shanghai Blood Center, Shanghai, China
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Tran A, Yan MTS, Branch DR, Blacquiere M, Pineault N, Pasha R, Clarke G. Severe fetal anemia caused by anti-Jr a : Burst forming unit-erythroid colony formation inhibition assay suggesting possible erythroid suppression mechanism. Transfusion 2023; 63:877-882. [PMID: 36727643 DOI: 10.1111/trf.17265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Jr blood group system includes a single, high-prevalence antigen, Jra , encoded by the ABCG2 gene. The impact of anti-Jra in pregnancy is variable, ranging from no clinical effect to severe anemia including some fetal deaths. Case reports have postulated that anti-Jra mediated fetal anemia is poorly hemolytic, suggesting other mechanisms of anemia may be involved. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS We describe the case of severe anti-Jra mediated fetal anemia. At Canadian Blood Services laboratories, maternal anti-Jra was tested for phagocytic activity via a monocyte monolayer assay (MMA) and erythroid suppression via inhibition of burst forming unit-erythroid (BFU-E) colony formation assays. The New York Blood Center sequenced exons 4 and 7 of the ABCG2 gene. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Sequencing of exons 4 and 7 of the ABCG2 gene revealed maternal compound heterozygosity for two nonsense mutations at exon 7 (c.706 C > T and c.784G > T). Fetal sequencing revealed the c.706C > T polymorphism. The MMA showed a borderline phagocytic index (around the cutoff of five for both donor segments tested [5 ± 1 and 7 ± 3]). The BFU-E colony formation inhibition assay suggested a dose-dependent inhibition of BFU-E colony formation with inhibition percentages of 4%, 11%, and 43% at maternal serum concentrations of 2%, 5%, and 10%, respectively. Our findings support the hypothesis that anti-Jra may impair erythropoiesis leading to clinically significant fetal/neonatal anemia. A referral to maternal fetal medicine is recommended if anti-Jra is detected in pregnancy, regardless of the titer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Tran
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Matthew T S Yan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Medical Affairs and Innovation, Canadian Blood Services, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Donald R Branch
- Medical Affairs and Innovation, Canadian Blood Services, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Megan Blacquiere
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nicolas Pineault
- Medical Affairs and Innovation, Canadian Blood Services, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology & Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Roya Pasha
- Medical Affairs and Innovation, Canadian Blood Services, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gwen Clarke
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Medical Affairs and Innovation, Canadian Blood Services, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Kukal S, Guin D, Rawat C, Bora S, Mishra MK, Sharma P, Paul PR, Kanojia N, Grewal GK, Kukreti S, Saso L, Kukreti R. Multidrug efflux transporter ABCG2: expression and regulation. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:6887-6939. [PMID: 34586444 PMCID: PMC11072723 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03901-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding cassette efflux transporter G2 (ABCG2) was originally discovered in a multidrug-resistant breast cancer cell line. Studies in the past have expanded the understanding of its role in physiology, disease pathology and drug resistance. With a widely distributed expression across different cell types, ABCG2 plays a central role in ATP-dependent efflux of a vast range of endogenous and exogenous molecules, thereby maintaining cellular homeostasis and providing tissue protection against xenobiotic insults. However, ABCG2 expression is subjected to alterations under various pathophysiological conditions such as inflammation, infection, tissue injury, disease pathology and in response to xenobiotics and endobiotics. These changes may interfere with the bioavailability of therapeutic substrate drugs conferring drug resistance and in certain cases worsen the pathophysiological state aggravating its severity. Considering the crucial role of ABCG2 in normal physiology, therapeutic interventions directly targeting the transporter function may produce serious side effects. Therefore, modulation of transporter regulation instead of inhibiting the transporter itself will allow subtle changes in ABCG2 activity. This requires a thorough comprehension of diverse factors and complex signaling pathways (Kinases, Wnt/β-catenin, Sonic hedgehog) operating at multiple regulatory levels dictating ABCG2 expression and activity. This review features a background on the physiological role of transporter, factors that modulate ABCG2 levels and highlights various signaling pathways, molecular mechanisms and genetic polymorphisms in ABCG2 regulation. This understanding will aid in identifying potential molecular targets for therapeutic interventions to overcome ABCG2-mediated multidrug resistance (MDR) and to manage ABCG2-related pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samiksha Kukal
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Mall Road, Delhi, 110007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Debleena Guin
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Mall Road, Delhi, 110007, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Shahbad Daulatpur, Main Bawana Road, Delhi, 110042, India
| | - Chitra Rawat
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Mall Road, Delhi, 110007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Shivangi Bora
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Mall Road, Delhi, 110007, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Shahbad Daulatpur, Main Bawana Road, Delhi, 110042, India
| | - Manish Kumar Mishra
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Mall Road, Delhi, 110007, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Shahbad Daulatpur, Main Bawana Road, Delhi, 110042, India
| | - Priya Sharma
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Mall Road, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Priyanka Rani Paul
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Mall Road, Delhi, 110007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Neha Kanojia
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Mall Road, Delhi, 110007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Gurpreet Kaur Grewal
- Department of Biotechnology, Kanya Maha Vidyalaya, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144004, India
| | - Shrikant Kukreti
- Nucleic Acids Research Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi (North Campus), Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, P. le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Ritushree Kukreti
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Mall Road, Delhi, 110007, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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