1
|
Bou Assi T, Haddad A, Ghanem N, Chahine R, Fazaa E, Karaki R, Feghali R, Ghorra P, Jisr T, Hachem B, Tarhini M, Rohban R, Hammoud H, Jamal M, El Amin H, Nabulsi M, Garraud O. Paths to improve voluntary blood donation in mixed public/private blood donation systems such as in Lebanon? Transfus Clin Biol 2024; 31:149-156. [PMID: 38852712 DOI: 10.1016/j.tracli.2024.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The World Health Organization advocates for the achievement of 100% voluntary non-remunerated blood donation (VNRD) globally by the year 2020. However, until today, little was known in Lebanon regarding its actual rate or influencing factors, particularly donor motivations and behaviors. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of blood donors in Lebanon. The ultimate goals were to retain first-time donors, encourage them to become regular ones, and facilitate the transition from replacement donation to VNRD. MATERIALS AND METHODS A multi-centric cross-sectional study was carried across the five governorates in Lebanon. A self-administered and structured questionnaire was used in this survey. Results were presented in terms of odds ratios, with statistical significance defined at a P value of 0.05 and a 95% confidence interval. Additionally, a benchmarking analysis of the situation of blood donation in Lebanon was also conducted, identifying several areas for improvement. RESULTS A total of 620 blood donors participated in this study, with 21.3% being first-time donors and 78.7% repeat donors. While the latter were primarily motivated by self-esteem, solidarity or returning a favor (89%, 77.9% and 78.1%), the main obstacle for becoming regular donors was a lack of initiative (34.6%). Female donors (9.9% of the total) exhibited better knowledge (OR = 2.20, p = 0.011) and were more inclined to donate voluntarily (OR = 1.52, p = 0.048). Conversely, male donors were more likely to be repeat donors, often through replacement donation (OR = 2.95, p = 0.001). CONCLUSION There is a significant disparity between the low rate of voluntary donation in Lebanon (22.2%) and the relatively high proportion of donors with adequate knowledge of the donation process (60.5%). Therefore, urgent action by public authorities, based on the evidence based strategies outlined in this article, is crucial to enhancing the voluntary donation rate in Lebanon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tarek Bou Assi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Blood Bank, Lebanese American University Medical Center-Rizk Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Blood Bank, Saint Joseph Hospital, Dora, Lebanon; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jaledib, Lebanon
| | - Antoine Haddad
- Department of Clinical Pathology and Blood Bank, Sacré-Coeur Hospital, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | | | | | | | | | - Rita Feghali
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Blood Bank, Lebanese American University Medical Center-Rizk Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Blood Bank, Rafic Hariri University Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon; Blood Transfusion Services, Lebanese Red Cross, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Pierre Ghorra
- Department of Blood Bank, Hôtel Dieu de France Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Blood Bank, Hopital Libanais Geitaoui-CHU, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Tamima Jisr
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Blood Bank and Cellular Therapy, Makassed General Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Berthe Hachem
- Department of Blood Bank, Hôtel Dieu de France Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Blood Bank, Middle East Institute of Health, Bsalim, Lebanon
| | - Mehdi Tarhini
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Blood Bank, Al Raee Hospital, Saïda, Lebanon; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Blood Bank, Sheikh Ragheb Harb University Hospital, Nabatieh, Lebanon
| | - Raymond Rohban
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Blood Bank, Saint Joseph Hospital, Dora, Lebanon
| | - Hassan Hammoud
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Blood Bank, Saint Georges Hospital, Hadath, Lebanon
| | - Mohammad Jamal
- Department of Blood Bank, Hammoud Hospital University Medical Center, Saïda, Lebanon
| | - Hadi El Amin
- Department of Blood Bank, Nini Hospital, Tripoli, Lebanon; Department of Laboratory and Blood Bank, Saydet Zgharta University Medical Center, Zgharta, Lebanon
| | - Malak Nabulsi
- Department of Blood Bank, Haykel Hospital, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Olivier Garraud
- Sainbiose-INSERM_U1059, Faculty of Medicine, University of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Vuk T, Politis C, de Angelis V, Lozano M, Haddad A, Laspina S, Garraud O. Education in transfusion medicine, Part III - The importance of haemovigilance education. Transfus Clin Biol 2023; 30:294-302. [PMID: 36773797 DOI: 10.1016/j.tracli.2023.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
According to the literature, there are significant differences in the availability of education and training in transfusion medicine worldwide, with significant heterogeneity in the existing curricula. Recognising the need for education with the aim of achieving globally standardised competencies in transfusion medicine, a group of experts collaborating in the European and Mediterranean Initiative in Transfusion medicine (EMITm) proposed a process of incremental training and education. Subsequent to two previous papers published by this group on general education in transfusion medicine, this paper specifically refers to the field of education in haemovigilance. This topic is of particular importance when one considers the role of haemovigilance in improving the safety of transfusion practice, and the fact that this role can only be realised through the cooperation of all participants in the transfusion chain. In addition to promoting the importance of education in haemovigilance, this paper provides an overview of the available literature on this topic and proposes an education programme on haemovigilance for medical students and residents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomislav Vuk
- Croatian Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Constantina Politis
- Coordinating Centre for Haemovigilance and Surveillance of Transfusion, National Public Health Organization, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Miquel Lozano
- Department of Hemotherapy and Hemostasis. ICMHO, University Clinic Hospital, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antoine Haddad
- Department of Clinical Pathology and Blood Bank, Sacré-Coeur Hospital, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon; Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | | | - Olivier Garraud
- SAINBIOSE-INSERM_U1059, Faculty of Medicine, University of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Garraud O, Schneider T. International collaboration for blood safety: The French-African experience. Transfus Clin Biol 2021; 28:154-157. [PMID: 33515731 DOI: 10.1016/j.tracli.2021.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Blood safety is a non-negotiable issue worldwide, specifies the World Health Organization (WHO). Africa is both an entity and a multiplicity of situations within and cross-borders. Indeed, most African countries have recent borders and political organizations, after gaining independence in the 60's. Many such countries have maintained various types of links and cooperation programs with former European countries of influence, e.g. France and Belgium among others, which is the case for several countries from the francophone Central and West Africa. Besides, borders do not delineate ethnic groups as many of them migrate, with spread North to South and East to West across several countries, each having representations, ethnologically speaking. Transfusion is an essential supportive healthcare that requires medicine, technicity and logistics. Cooperation can be provided to Francophone Africa though at the expense of recruiting donors upon criteria that do not completely overlap with e.g. those put forward in France and other high-income countries, despite WHO claims for the universal model of Voluntary Non-Remunerated Blood Donation system. Next, the patient profile in intertropical Africa-of which the various francophone African countries-stringently differs from the profile now seen in France, with its younger (but strongly social network-connected) populations and the importance of anemia of all causes but frequently infectious in nature. The frequency of antigens defining blood groups also significantly differs from that in France and the rest of Europa. Last, the carriage of blood transmissible infectious pathogens in sick but also apparently healthy populations seriously complicates the build up of suitable blood component inventory. In the present review, we discuss the universality of blood donation, the specificities of inter-continent cooperation and report on experiences of such cooperation. The French Blood Establishment EFS has taken over earlier initiatives of regional blood services and provides technology and scientific transfer and support to many countries for several decades; the National Institute for Blood transfusion, an education and research institute, has set up collaborative research in several domains but mostly in the domain of blood transmissible infections. We next also present a theoretical view of support named ALEASE, that can be pursued, based on collaborative experiences carried out in the Mediterranean Northern and Eastern areas. ALEASE promotes benchmark between participants. If there is general agreement that cooperation between economically wealthy countries and low-income, developing, countries in the domain of blood and blood transfusion safety, promotion of blood donation, blood component manufacturing, transfusion technology, hemovigilance, etc., tools to achieve this goal can be periodically reviewed based on specific needs for countries and professionals. That also comprise of adapted, sometimes specific, education programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- O Garraud
- INSERM U_1059, Faculty of medicine, University of Lyon-Saint-Étienne, 69007 Saint-Étienne, France; Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, 75015 Paris, France.
| | - T Schneider
- Établissement Français du Sang, Direction des affaires internationales, 93218 La Plaine Saint-Denis, France
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Garraud O, Vuk T, Lozano M, Tissot JD. Transfusion medicine: Overtime paradigm changes and emerging paradoxes. Transfus Clin Biol 2020; 27:262-267. [PMID: 33035654 PMCID: PMC7537623 DOI: 10.1016/j.tracli.2020.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This essay aims to discuss some aspects of blood transfusion in the perspective of the changes that occurred over time as well as modifications of the paradigms that transformed the activities and the organization of blood transfusion services. Without specific knowledge, pioneers envisioned precision and personalized medicine, rendering transfusion medicine operational. Transfusion medicine is like The Picture of Dorian Grey: always young despite being old and sometimes appearing old-fashioned. Over the years, the transfusion medicine discipline has evolved, and major progress has been achieved, despite some troublesome periods (for example, the tainted blood scandal, and—at the time being—the offending plasma market and the selling of human parts). Transfusion medicine has at all times implemented the rapidly developing biomedical technologies to secure blood components. The safety of blood components has now reached an exceptional level in economically wealthy countries, especially compared to other health care disciplines. Strengthening of the safety has mandated that blood donors and recipients are unrelated, an issue which has eased preservation and fractionation practices; blood is no longer arm-to-arm transfused and neither is whole blood, the commonest component. However, it is interesting to note that a revival is occurring as whole blood is back on stage for certain specific indications, which is one among the many paradoxes encountered while studying this discipline.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- O Garraud
- Université de Lyon Saint-Étienne, 10, rue Tréfilerie, 42023 Saint-Etienne Cedex 2, France; Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, 6, rue Alexandre Cabanel, 75015 Paris, France.
| | - T Vuk
- Croatian institute of transfusion medicine, Petrova ul. 3, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - M Lozano
- Clinic university hospital Barcelona, university of Barcelona, 170C. de Villarroel, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - J-D Tissot
- Faculté de biologie et de médecine, université de Lausanne, 21, rue du Bugnon, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|