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Wang Y, Chen X, Chen Q, Chen T, Chen K, Wu Y, Wang L. SLC44A2 Frequency, a New TaqMan Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Method for HNA-3A/3B Genotyping, and a New Application of Droplet Digital PCR. Front Genet 2022; 13:794285. [PMID: 35646052 PMCID: PMC9133786 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.794285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Human neutrophil antigen-3A (HNA-3A) and human neutrophil antigen-3B (HNA-3B) are generated by a single-nucleotide polymorphism (rs2288904, c.461G > A) in exon 7 of the choline transporter-like protein-2 gene (CTL2, also known as SLC44A2). Antibodies to HNA-3 can be generated following blood transfusion or other factors resulting in exposure to HNA-3 antigens. These antibodies can cause transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) or neonatal alloimmune neutropenia (NAIN). This study describes a sensitive and specific TaqMan real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method to screen for the HNA-3 genotype using specific primers and probes designed to detect allelic polymorphisms. Considering the high sensitivity and accuracy of droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) in the identification of the rare SLC44A2*2 allele, we used this technique to identify blood donors with the rare HNA-3B antigen and calculate the allele frequency of SLC44A2 in mixed populations with different proportions.Methods: DNA samples purified from 208 donors in northwest China were subjected to TaqMan real-time PCR to detect allelic polymorphisms in SLC44A2. The results were confirmed by Sanger sequencing. The rare HNA-3B antigen was detected by ddPCR. SLC44A2 frequency was determined by two-channel ddPCR.Results: The genotypes of all DNA samples were detected by the TaqMan real-time PCR using specific probes for HNA-3, and the results were consistent with the Sanger sequencing results in respect to the HNA-3A and HNA-3B polymorphisms. The allele frequencies of SLC44A2*1 and SLC44A2*2 in the 208 donors in northwest China were 64.9% (95% confidence interval [CI], 59%–70.8%) and 35.1% (95% CI, 29.2%–41%), respectively. The ratio of SLC44A2*2 alleles was accurately detected in all blood pools by ddPCR but not by TaqMan real-time PCR. This allowed for the SLC44A2 frequency in the population to be accurately inferred.Conclusion: This new method of detecting SLC44A2 alleles was highly sensitive and specific, as confirmed by Sanger sequencing. ddPCR using the designed probes resulted in successful detection of the rare HNA-3B antigen. Furthermore, we successfully detected the rare HNA-3B antigen and inferred the SLC44A2 frequency by ddPCR using the probes that we designed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinic Genetics, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Medical Genetics, Yan’an University, Yan’an, China
| | - Xihui Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinic Genetics, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinic Genetics, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Tangdong Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinic Genetics, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Kun Chen
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, K.K. Leung Brain Research Centre, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Kun Chen, ; Yuanming Wu, ; Li Wang,
| | - Yuanming Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinic Genetics, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Kun Chen, ; Yuanming Wu, ; Li Wang,
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinic Genetics, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- School of Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Kun Chen, ; Yuanming Wu, ; Li Wang,
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