1
|
Diab TA, Donia T, Saad-Allah KM. Characterization, antioxidant, and cytotoxic effects of some Egyptian wild plant extracts. BENI-SUEF UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43088-021-00103-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Natural products from plants are very safe as compared to synthetic ones, so the aim of this study was to assess the in vitro antioxidant and antitumor activities of the ethanolic extracts of four Egyptian wild plant species (Varthemia candicans, Peganum harmala, Suaeda vermiculata, and Conyza dioscoridis), as well as polyphenols and flavonoid contents with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The antioxidant activity of the four plant extracts was assessed using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) to determine 50% inhibition of DPPH radical scavenging activity and reducing power by phosphomolybdate assay. In addition, the chemical composition of the four sample extracts was investigated using GC-MS. The total phenolic and flavonoid levels were also determined. Then, the antitumor activity of the plant extracts against HepG2 cells was determined using a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay.
Results
The results showed that Varthemia candicans extract was the highest one regarding both polyphenols and flavonoid contents. Moreover, the extract of Suaeda vermiculata exhibited the lowest half maximum inhibitory concentration (IC50) against DPPH, thus indicating its highest effectiveness. All studied plant extracts decreased the viability of HepG2 cells, in a dose- and time-dependent manner, and the lowest IC50 was for Suaeda vermiculata.
Conclusion
The investigated plant extracts showed potent antioxidant and antitumor activities in vitro due to their phytochemical contents.
Collapse
|
2
|
Keshk RM, Izzularab BM. Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Cyanopyridines, Pyridopyrazolopyrimidines and Pyridopyrazolotriazines as Potential Anticancer Agents. Curr Org Synth 2020; 18:483-492. [PMID: 33372879 DOI: 10.2174/1570179417666201229163045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The continuous need for new anticancer drugs is never-ending task due to cancer resistance to the existing drugs. OBJECTIVE This article aimed to design, synthesis, characterization, and anticancer evaluation of cyanopyridines, pyridopyrazolopyrimidines and pyridopyrazolotriazines. METHODS Anticancer activity of the synthesized compounds was determined using MTT assay against three cancer cell lines, namely liver cancer cell line (HepG-2), pancreatic cancer cell line (PANC-1), non-small lung cancer cell line (A-549) and normal fibroblast. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION A series of 3-cyanopyridines (2a,b, 4, 5, 9), pyridopyrimidine (10), pyridopyrazolopyrimidines (11a-c, 12a,b, 18), pyrazolopyridine salt (13) and pyridopyrazolotriazines (16a,b) were synthesized from 3-cyano-4,6-dimethyl-2-pyridone. The synthesized compounds were evaluated in vitro for their anticancer activity and their chemical structures were determined by elemental analysis and spectroscopic data. CONCLUSION Some of the synthesized compounds showed remarkable anticancer activities, especially 11a exhibited superior potency to the reference drug cisplatin against A-549 (IC50 = 9.24 μg mL-1 compared to 11.76 μg mL-1 for reference drug) and was found to be safe (IC50 = 66 μg mL-1) for normal fibroblast. Furthermore, compound 16a displayed the highest activity among the tested compounds against HepG-2 (IC50 = 6.45 μg mL-1 equipotent to cisplatin) with the highest safety profile for normal fibroblast (IC50=113.97 μg mL-1).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reda Mohammed Keshk
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li ZH, Xie ZY, Ouyang XX, Huang KZ, Yu XP, Zhao YL, Zhang YH, Zhu DH, Yu J, Li LJ. Assessment of biological functions for C3A cells interacting with adverse environments of liver failure plasma. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2020; 19:129-137. [PMID: 31704080 DOI: 10.1016/j.hbpd.2019.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND For its better differentiated hepatocyte phenotype, C3A cell line has been utilized in bioartificial liver system. However, up to now, there are only a few of studies working at the metabolic alternations of C3A cells under the culture conditions with liver failure plasma, which mainly focus on carbohydrate metabolism, total protein synthesis and ureagenesis. In this study, we investigated the effects of acute liver failure plasma on the growth and biological functions of C3A cells, especially on CYP450 enzymes. METHODS C3A cells were treated with fresh DMEM medium containing 10% FBS, fresh DMEM medium containing 10% normal plasma and acute liver failure plasma, respectively. After incubation, the C3A cells were assessed for cell viabilities, lactate dehydrogenase leakage, gene transcription, protein levels, albumin secretion, ammonia metabolism and CYP450 enzyme activities. RESULTS Cell viabilities decreased 15%, and lactate dehydrogenase leakage had 1.3-fold elevation in acute liver failure plasma group. Gene transcription exhibited up-regulation, down-regulation or stability for different hepatic genes. In contrast, protein expression levels for several CYP450 enzymes kept constant, while the CYP450 enzyme activities decreased or remained stable. Albumin secretion reduced about 48%, and ammonia accumulation increased approximately 41%. CONCLUSIONS C3A cells cultured with acute liver failure plasma showed mild inhibition of cell viabilities, reduction of albumin secretion, and increase of ammonia accumulation. Furthermore, CYP450 enzymes demonstrated various alterations on gene transcription, protein expression and enzyme activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zu-Hong Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Zhong-Yang Xie
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Xiao-Xi Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Kai-Zhou Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Xiao-Peng Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Ya-Lei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Yan-Hong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Dan-Hua Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Jiong Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Lan-Juan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
El-Ghamry H, El-Wakiel N, Khamis A. Synthesis, structure, antiproliferative activity and molecular docking of divalent and trivalent metal complexes of 4H
-3,5-diamino-1,2,4-triazole and α-hydroxynaphthaldehyde Schiff base ligand. Appl Organomet Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.4583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hoda El-Ghamry
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Tanta University; Tanta 31527 Egypt
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science; Umm Al-Qura University; Makkah Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Nadia El-Wakiel
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Tanta University; Tanta 31527 Egypt
| | - Abeer Khamis
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science; Tanta University; Tanta 31527 Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Jitraruch S, Dhawan A, Hughes RD, Filippi C, Lehec SC, Glover L, Mitry RR. Cryopreservation of Hepatocyte Microbeads for Clinical Transplantation. Cell Transplant 2018; 26:1341-1354. [PMID: 28901189 PMCID: PMC5680969 DOI: 10.1177/0963689717720050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Intraperitoneal transplantation of hepatocyte microbeads is an attractive option for the management of acute liver failure. Encapsulation of hepatocytes in alginate microbeads supports their function and prevents immune attack of the cells. Establishment of banked cryopreserved hepatocyte microbeads is important for emergency use. The aim of this study was to develop an optimized protocol for cryopreservation of hepatocyte microbeads for clinical transplantation using modified freezing solutions. Four freezing solutions with potential for clinical application were investigated. Human and rat hepatocytes cryopreserved with University of Wisconsin (UW)/10% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)/5% (300 mM) glucose and CryoStor CS10 showed better postthawing cell viability, attachment, and hepatocyte functions than with histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate/10% DMSO/5% glucose and Bambanker. The 2 freezing solutions that gave better results were studied with human and rat hepatocytes microbeads. Similar effects on cryopreserved microbead morphology (external and ultrastructural), viability, and hepatocyte-functions post thawing were observed over 7 d in culture. UW/DMSO/glucose, as a basal freezing medium, was used to investigate the additional effects of cytoprotectants: a pan-caspase inhibitor (benzyloxycarbonyl-Val-Ala-dl-Asp-fluoromethylketone [ZVAD]), an antioxidant (desferoxamine [DFO]), and a buffering and mechanical protectant (human serum albumin [HSA]) on RMBs. ZVAD (60 µM) had a beneficial effect on cell viability that was greater than with DFO (1 mM), HSA (2%), and basal freezing medium alone. Improvements in the ultrastructure of encapsulated hepatocytes and a lower degree of cell apoptosis were observed with all 3 cytoprotectants, with ZVAD tending to provide the greatest effect. Cytochrome P450 activity was significantly higher in the 3 cytoprotectant groups than with fresh microbeads. In conclusion, developing an optimized cryopreservation protocol by adding cytoprotectants such as ZVAD could improve the outcome of cryopreserved hepatocyte microbeads for future clinical use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suttiruk Jitraruch
- 1 Dhawan Lab at Institute of Liver Studies, King's College London School of Medicine at King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom.,2 Department of Pediatrics, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Anil Dhawan
- 1 Dhawan Lab at Institute of Liver Studies, King's College London School of Medicine at King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robin D Hughes
- 1 Dhawan Lab at Institute of Liver Studies, King's College London School of Medicine at King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Celine Filippi
- 1 Dhawan Lab at Institute of Liver Studies, King's College London School of Medicine at King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sharon C Lehec
- 1 Dhawan Lab at Institute of Liver Studies, King's College London School of Medicine at King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Leanne Glover
- 3 Centre for Ultrastructural Imaging, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ragai R Mitry
- 1 Dhawan Lab at Institute of Liver Studies, King's College London School of Medicine at King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Antioxidant and anticancer activities of α-aminophosphonates containing thiadiazole moiety. JOURNAL OF SAUDI CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jscs.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
7
|
Mitry RR, Jitraruch S, Iansante V, Dhawan A. Alginate Encapsulation of Human Hepatocytes and Assessment of Microbeads. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1506:273-281. [PMID: 27830560 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6506-9_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Alginate encapsulation of cells is an attractive technique in which alginate becomes polymerized entrapping the cells. The structure of formed microbeads/microcapsules is semipermeable as it allows oxygen and nutrients to go in, and waste products and other materials produced by the cells to go out. Here, we describe basic protocols for alginate encapsulation of human hepatocytes and methods for assessing the microbeads produced.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ragai R Mitry
- Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital, Bessemer Road, London, SE5 9PJ, UK.
| | - Suttiruk Jitraruch
- Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital, Bessemer Road, London, SE5 9PJ, UK
| | - Valeria Iansante
- Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital, Bessemer Road, London, SE5 9PJ, UK
| | - Anil Dhawan
- Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital, Bessemer Road, London, SE5 9PJ, UK
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Jitraruch S, Dhawan A, Hughes RD, Filippi C, Soong D, Philippeos C, Lehec SC, Heaton ND, Longhi MS, Mitry RR. Alginate microencapsulated hepatocytes optimised for transplantation in acute liver failure. PLoS One 2014; 9:e113609. [PMID: 25438038 PMCID: PMC4249959 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Intraperitoneal transplantation of alginate-microencapsulated human hepatocytes is an attractive option for the management of acute liver failure (ALF) providing short-term support to allow native liver regeneration. The main aim of this study was to establish an optimised protocol for production of alginate-encapsulated human hepatocytes and evaluate their suitability for clinical use. Methods Human hepatocyte microbeads (HMBs) were prepared using sterile GMP grade materials. We determined physical stability, cell viability, and hepatocyte metabolic function of HMBs using different polymerisation times and cell densities. The immune activation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) after co-culture with HMBs was studied. Rats with ALF induced by galactosamine were transplanted intraperitoneally with rat hepatocyte microbeads (RMBs) produced using a similar optimised protocol. Survival rate and biochemical profiles were determined. Retrieved microbeads were evaluated for morphology and functionality. Results The optimised HMBs were of uniform size (583.5±3.3 µm) and mechanically stable using 15 min polymerisation time compared to 10 min and 20 min (p<0.001). 3D confocal microscopy images demonstrated that hepatocytes with similar cell viability were evenly distributed within HMBs. Cell density of 3.5×106 cells/ml provided the highest viability. HMBs incubated in human ascitic fluid showed better cell viability and function than controls. There was no significant activation of PBMCs co-cultured with empty or hepatocyte microbeads, compared to PBMCs alone. Intraperitoneal transplantation of RMBs was safe and significantly improved the severity of liver damage compared to control groups (empty microbeads and medium alone; p<0.01). Retrieved RMBs were intact and free of immune cell adherence and contained viable hepatocytes with preserved function. Conclusion An optimised protocol to produce GMP grade alginate-encapsulated human hepatocytes has been established. Transplantation of microbeads provided effective metabolic function in ALF. These high quality HMBs should be suitable for use in clinical transplantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suttiruk Jitraruch
- Institute of Liver Studies, King's College London School of Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anil Dhawan
- Institute of Liver Studies, King's College London School of Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (AD); (RRM)
| | - Robin D. Hughes
- Institute of Liver Studies, King's College London School of Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Celine Filippi
- Institute of Liver Studies, King's College London School of Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Soong
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence Cardiovascular Division, King's College London School of Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christina Philippeos
- Institute of Liver Studies, King's College London School of Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sharon C. Lehec
- Institute of Liver Studies, King's College London School of Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nigel D. Heaton
- Institute of Liver Studies, King's College London School of Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maria S. Longhi
- Institute of Liver Studies, King's College London School of Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ragai R. Mitry
- Institute of Liver Studies, King's College London School of Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (AD); (RRM)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Khorsandi SE, Jitraruch S, Fairbanks L, Cotoi C, Jassem W, Vilca-Melendez H, Prachalias A, Dhawan A, Heaton N, Srinivasan P. The effect of anterograde persufflation on energy charge and hepatocyte function in donation after cardiac death livers unsuitable for transplant. Liver Transpl 2014; 20:698-704. [PMID: 24604782 DOI: 10.1002/lt.23864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Donation after cardiac death (DCD) livers are considered to be marginal organs for solid organ and cell transplantation. Low energy charge (EC) and low purine quantity within the liver parenchyma has been associated with poor outcome after liver transplantation. The aim of this work was to assess the effect of anterograde persufflation (A-PSF) using an electrochemical concentrator on DCD liver energy status and hepatocyte function. Organs utilized for research were DCD livers considered not suitable for transplant. Each liver was formally split, and the control non-persufflated (non-PSF) section was stored in University of Wisconsin (UW) solution at 4°C. The A-PSF liver section was immersed in UW solution on ice, and A-PSF was performed via the portal vein with 40% oxygen. Tissue samples were taken 2 hours after A-PSF from the A-PSF and control non-PSF liver sections for snap freezing. Purine analysis was performed with photodiode array detection. Hepatocytes were isolated from A-PSF and control non-PSF liver sections using a standard organs utilized for research were DCD livers considered not suitable for transplant collagenase perfusion technique. Hepatocyte function was assessed using mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity {3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-y1]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT)} and the sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay for cell attachment. In DCD livers with <30% steatosis (n = 6), A-PSF increased EC from 0.197 ± 0.025 to 0.23 ± 0.035 (P = 0.04). In DCD livers with >30% steatosis (n = 4), A-PSF had no beneficial effect. After isolation (n=4, <30% steatosis), A-PSF was found to increase MTT from 0.92 ± 0.045 to 1.19 ± 0.55 (P < 0.001) and SRB from 2.53 ± 0.12 to 3.2 ± 0.95 (P < 0.001). In conclusion, A-PSF can improve the EC and function of isolated hepatocytes from DCD livers with <30% steatosis.
Collapse
|
10
|
Yang T, Li C, Zhang L, Li M, Zhou P. A promising hepatocyte-like cell line, CCL-13, exhibits good liver function both in vitro and in an acute liver failure model. Transplant Proc 2013; 45:688-94. [PMID: 23498808 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2012.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2012] [Revised: 10/11/2012] [Accepted: 11/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A great many patients awaiting liver transplantation die because of the shortage of donor livers. To resolve the problem, liver support systems like bioartificial livers (BALs) have become subjects of active investigation. However, the problem with BALs is that it is difficult to find a source of healthy hepatic cells with good liver function. This study explored the possibility of employing Chang liver cells (ATCC CCL-13), a human hepatoma cell line as a source for liver support. METHODS To evaluate the function of Chang liver cells in vitro, hepatocyte markers were measured by Western blotting and laser confocal microscopy. The gene expression of hepatic markers was examined by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). After acute liver failure (ALF) was established by 90% partial hepatectomy, Chang liver cells were intrasplenically transplanted for treatment. RESULTS In vitro, Western blotting and laser confocal microscopy showed conspicuous expression of liver function markers, such as albumin, uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase, and cytochrome P450 3A4 by Chang liver cells. RT-PCR revealed expression of related genes at the mRNA level. The survival of rats receiving transplanted Chang liver cells reached 40% versus 0% among the controls (P < .01). Liver function of rats receiving transplanted Chang liver cells was improved at 24 hours after ALF, as evidenced by decreased levels of alanine transaminase, aspartate aminotransferase, bilirubin, and alkaline phosphate. CONCLUSIONS Chang liver cells, which express liver function markers and exert obvious liver-protective effects in ALF can serve in liver support systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Yang
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Chiina; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Health, China. Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
Cell tracking by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an essential tool to understand the integration and migration of transplanted cells in vivo. At present, however, techniques to visualize cell transplants in patients are fairly limited and further development of cellular MRI is needed to advance the monitoring of grafted cells. The use of contrast agents to pre-label cells prior to transplantation is currently needed as transplanted cells integrate seamlessly into existing parenchyma and hence are indistinguishable from host cells. The development of appropriate contrast agents, as well as their in vitro incorporation into cells, is key to visualizing transplanted cells in vivo. We describe here procedures regarding how the in vitro incorporation of MR contrast agents can be tested, how they might affect cellular functions and how we can determine if sufficient contrast agent has been incorporated to allow detection. Before this technique can find its clinical application, in vitro and preclinical in vivo studies need to be conducted to determine the safety and specificity of this approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michel Modo
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Centre for the Cellular Basis of Behaviour, SE5 9NU, London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Use of indocyanine green for functional assessment of human hepatocytes for transplantation. Asian J Surg 2012; 35:9-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.asjsur.2012.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2011] [Revised: 12/15/2011] [Accepted: 02/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
|
13
|
Sagias FG, Mitry RR, Hughes RD, Lehec SC, Patel AG, Rela M, Mieli-Vergani G, Heaton ND, Dhawan A. N-acetylcysteine improves the viability of human hepatocytes isolated from severely steatotic donor liver tissue. Cell Transplant 2010; 19:1487-92. [PMID: 20587150 DOI: 10.3727/096368910x514620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocyte transplantation is dependent on the availability of good quality human hepatocytes isolated from donor liver tissue. Hepatocytes obtained from livers rejected for transplantation on the grounds of steatosis are often of low viability and not suitable for clinical use. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on the function of hepatocytes isolated from steatotic donor livers. Human hepatocytes were isolated from 10 severely steatotic (>60%) donor livers rejected for transplantation. The left lateral segment of the donor liver was dissected into two equal size pieces and randomized to NAC or control. NAC (5 mM) was added to the first perfusion buffer of the standard collagenase digestion technique. Cells from tissues perfused with NAC had a significantly higher mean viability (81.1 ± 1.7% vs. 66.0 ± 4.7%; p = 0.003) and cell attachment (1.08 ± 0.26 vs. 0.67 ± 0.18 OD units; p = 0.012). Addition of NAC during isolation of human hepatocytes from steatotic donor liver tissue significantly improved the outcome of cell isolation. Further studies are needed to investigate the mechanism(s) of this effect. Incorporation of NAC in the hepatocyte isolation protocol could increase the availability of hepatocytes for transplantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Filippos G Sagias
- Institute of Liver Studies, King's College London School of Medicine at King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Chamuleau RA. Future of bioartificial liver support. World J Gastrointest Surg 2009; 1:21-5. [PMID: 21160791 PMCID: PMC2999112 DOI: 10.4240/wjgs.v1.i1.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2009] [Revised: 10/28/2009] [Accepted: 11/04/2009] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Many different artificial liver support systems (biological and non-biological) have been developed, tested pre-clinically and some have been applied in clinical trials. Based on theoretical considerations a biological artificial liver (BAL) should be preferred above the non-biological ones. However, clinical application of the BAL is still experimental. Here we try to analyze which hurdles have to be taken before the BAL will become standard equipment in the intensive care unit for patients with acute liver failure or acute deterioration of chronic liver disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Afm Chamuleau
- Robert AFM Chamuleau, Department of Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 69-71, 1105 BK, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
In vitro effects of sera from children with acute liver failure on metabolic and synthetic activity of cryopreserved human hepatocytes. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2009; 48:604-7. [PMID: 19412010 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0b013e31819114da] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to investigate the in vitro effects of sera from children with acute liver failure (ALF) who had received N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on the metabolic and synthetic activity of cryopreserved human hepatocytes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cryopreserved human hepatocytes were plated on collagen-coated culture plates and incubated in cell culture medium containing pooled sera at 20% (v/v) obtained from children with ALF (ALF) who received treatment with NAC (ALF + NAC), no treatment with NAC and from normal controls (normal sera [NS]). The effects of the sera on cell metabolic functions were assessed using methylthiazolyldiphenyltetrazolium bromide, [14C]-leucine incorporation, and cytochrome P-450 (CYP1A1/2) activity assays. RESULTS The overall hepatocyte metabolic activity was lower with ALF sera than with NS and ALF + NAC sera. [14C]-leucine incorporation was higher with both ALF sera (ALF and ALF + NAC) than with NS sera. There was a slightly higher activity of cytochrome P450 (CYP1A1/2 activity) in cultures treated with ALF and ALF + NAC than with normal sera treated hepatocyte cultures. CONCLUSIONS Sera from children with ALF who received NAC did not impair the overall cell metabolic activity of cryopreserved human hepatocyte in vitro, which is encouraging for the use of hepatocytes transplantation in these patients.
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
Cell transplantation is a promising approach to improve the life of patients with liver disease. At present, however, techniques to track and visualise transplanted cells in patients are fairly limited and further development of non-invasive imaging technology is needed to advance the monitoring of liver cell grafts. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a non-invasive imaging technology that already allows the visualisation of particular cell fractions in the liver by using MR contrast agents. The use of contrast agents to pre-label liver cells prior to transplantation will potentially provide a method to identify, track and study the integration of engrafted cells non-invasively by MRI. Before this technique can find its clinical application, in vitro and pre-clinical in vivo studies need to be conducted to determine the safety and specificity of this approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michel Modo
- Centre for the Cellular Basis of Behaviour, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Interspecies differences in acetaminophen sensitivity of human, rat, and mouse primary hepatocytes. Toxicol In Vitro 2008; 22:961-7. [PMID: 18346862 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2008.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2007] [Revised: 01/31/2008] [Accepted: 02/06/2008] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Most of the experiments studying acetaminophen (APAP) induced hepatotoxicity were performed using moue as model specie, right because its high sensitivity. While the toxic responses can be called forth easily in mice, the human relevancy of these results is questionable. In this study human, rat, and mouse primary hepatocytes were treated with increasing concentrations of APAP, and cell viability was measured by MTT cytotoxicity assay. Pronounced interspecies differences were obtained in cell viability following 24h of APAP treatment starting at 24h after seeding (EC50: 3.8mM, 7.6mM, and 28.2mM, in mouse, rat, and human hepatocyte culture, respectively). The longer time of culturing highly increased the resistance of hepatocytes of all species investigated. In rat hepatocyte culture EC50 values were 6.0mM, 12.5mM, and 18.8mM, when starting APAP treatment after 24, 48, and 72 h of seeding. Although N-acetylbenzoquinoneimine, a minor metabolite of APAP, which is mainly formed by CYP2E1 at high APAP concentration in every species studied, is thought to initiate the toxic processes, no correlation was found between CYP2E1 activities and hepatocyte sensitivity of different species. We conclude that the toxicity induced by APAP overdose highly depends on the animal model applied.
Collapse
|
18
|
Serrano T, Mitry RR, Terry C, Lehec SC, Dhawan A, Hughes RD. The effects of immunosuppressive agents on the function of human hepatocytes in vitro. Cell Transplant 2007; 15:777-83. [PMID: 17269448 DOI: 10.3727/000000006783981530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcineurin inhibitors (tacrolimus) and steroids continue to be an important component of hepatocyte transplantation protocols, despite reports of hepatotoxicity and inhibitory effects of steroids on cell proliferation. The aim of the study was to investigate whether isolated human hepatocytes were more vulnerable to the toxicity of these agents and also to investigate their effects on hepatocyte VEGF secretion, a vascular permeability factor suggested to be involved in the cell engraftment process. Human hepatocytes were isolated from donor livers/segments rejected or unused for orthotopic liver transplantation using a collagenase perfusion technique. Hepatocytes were plated for cell function tests and to determine VEGF production. Tacrolimus (0-50 ng/ml) and methylprednisolone (0-500 ng/ml) were added to the culture media and cells incubated for 24 h. Cell metabolic activity was assessed using the MTT assay, cell number using the SRB assay, and cell attachment from hepatocyte total protein content and protein synthesis using [14C]leucine incorporation. VEGF in culture supernatants was measured by ELISA. Tacrolimus and methylprednisolone had no statistically significant inhibitory effects on metabolic activity or protein synthesis compared to controls at all concentrations of the agents tested when added after plating. There were also no significant effects on cell attachment when tacrolimus or methylprednisolone was added at the time of cell plating. There were no differences in the responses obtained when either fresh or cryopreserved hepatocytes were used. The amount of VEGF secreted by untreated hepatocytes was highly variable (0-1400 pg/10(6) cells/24 h). VEGF levels in the culture supernatant from hepatocytes isolated from < or = 20-year-old donors (687 +/- 59 pg/10(6) cells/24 h) was significantly greater than from older donors (61 +/- 7 pg/10(6) cells/24 h; p = 0.003). Tacrolimus and methylprednisolone did not significantly affect VEGF secretion by hepatocytes. Tacrolimus and methylprednisolone did not have detrimental effects on the metabolic function of human hepatocytes, cell attachment, or VEGF secretion after cell isolation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Trinidad Serrano
- King's College London School of Medicine at King's College Hospital, Institute of Liver Studies, London, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Hewes JC, Riddy D, Morris RW, Woodrooffe AJ, Davidson BR, Fuller B. A prospective study of isolated human hepatocyte function following liver resection for colorectal liver metastases: the effects of prior exposure to chemotherapy. J Hepatol 2006; 45:263-70. [PMID: 16635536 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2006.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2005] [Revised: 01/23/2006] [Accepted: 02/06/2006] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Chemotherapy is increasingly used prior to resection of colorectal liver metastases, yet few studies have addressed its effect on the viability and function of hepatocytes. This study evaluated the effect of pre-operative chemotherapy on human hepatocytes. METHODS Studies were carried out on isolated hepatocytes from 47 patients undergoing hepatectomy for colorectal metastases. The function of drug metabolising enzymes in hepatocytes was assessed in vitro, as well as hepatocyte integrity and culture longevity. These results were compared between patients undergoing no pre-operative chemotherapy (N = 8), 5 fluorouracil (5FU) post-bowel resection (N = 20), and neo-adjuvant 5FU alone (N = 7) or in a combination with oxaliplatin (N = 12). RESULTS Average cell viability at isolation determined by trypan blue dye exclusion was 71% with no significant difference between the no chemotherapy or pre-resection chemotherapy groups. There was no significant difference in LDH leakage and cellular ATP content over a 96-h time course between the patient treatment groups. The function of cytochromes P450 (CYP1A2, CYP2A6, CYP2C9, CYP2D6, CYP2E1, CYP3A4) and phase II enzymes (UDP-glucuronosyltransferase and sulphotransferase) was not adversely affected by pre-operative chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS Pre-resection chemotherapy does not impair the function or culture integrity of hepatocytes isolated at the time of liver resection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James C Hewes
- University Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical and Interventional Sciences, Royal Free and University College Medical School, Hampstead Campus, UCL, London NW3 2QG, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|