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Andres AM, Santamaria M, Hernandez-Oliveros F, Guerra L, Lopez S, Stringa P, Vallejo MT, Largo C, Encinas JL, Garcia de Las Heras MS, Lopez-Santamaria M, Tovar JA. Difficulties, guidelines and review of developing an acute rejection model after rat intestinal transplantation. Transpl Immunol 2016; 36:32-41. [PMID: 27102447 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Experimental small bowel transplantation (SBT) in rats has been proven to be a useful tool for the study of ischemia-reperfusion and immunological aspects related to solid organ transplantation. However, the model is not completely refined, specialized literature is scarce and complex technical details are typically omitted or confusing. Most studies related to acute rejection (AR) use the orthotopic standard, with small sample sizes due to its high mortality, whereas those studying chronic rejection (CR) use the heterotopic standard, which allows longer term survival but does not exactly reflect the human clinical scenario. Various animal strains have been used, and the type of rejection and the timing of its analysis differ among authors. The double purpose of this study was to develop an improved unusual AR model of SBT using the heterotopic technique, and to elaborate a guide useful to implement experimental models for studying AR. We analyzed the model's technical details and expected difficulties in overcoming the learning curve for such a complex microsurgical model, identifying the potential problem areas and providing a step-by-step protocol and reference guide for future surgeons interested in the topic. We also discuss the historic and more recent options in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ane Miren Andres
- Pediatric Surgery Department, La Paz University Hospital, Paseo La Castellana, 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Monica Santamaria
- Experimental Surgery Department, La Paz University Hospital, Paseo La Castellana, 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain.
| | | | - Laura Guerra
- Pathology Department, La Paz University Hospital, Paseo La Castellana, 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Sergio Lopez
- Pediatric Surgery Department, La Paz University Hospital, Paseo La Castellana, 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Pablo Stringa
- Fundacion Favaloro Buenos Aire:Experimental Transplant Department, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Maria Teresa Vallejo
- Idipaz Institute, Immunohistochemistry Department, Paseo La Castellana, 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Carlota Largo
- Experimental Surgery Department, La Paz University Hospital, Paseo La Castellana, 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Jose Luis Encinas
- Pediatric Surgery Department, La Paz University Hospital, Paseo La Castellana, 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain.
| | | | - Manuel Lopez-Santamaria
- Pediatric Surgery Department, La Paz University Hospital, Paseo La Castellana, 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Juan Antonio Tovar
- Pediatric Surgery Department, La Paz University Hospital, Paseo La Castellana, 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain.
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Ping X, Li Y, Li J. Antigen sampling on the Peyer's patches in a murine small bowel transplantation model. Transplant Proc 2010; 42:3803-8. [PMID: 21094860 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2010.08.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2010] [Revised: 07/10/2010] [Accepted: 08/20/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study investigated changes in the mucosal barrier of transplanted intestines with particular emphasis on antigen sampling by Peyer's patches (PPs). METHODS Heterotopic small bowel transplantation (SBTx) was performed as described previously. C57BL/6 mice were used as donors and BALB/c (allogeneic) or C57BL/6 mice (syngeneic) as recipients. Tacrolimus (FK506) or saline control was administered to the recipients for 2 weeks. Four groups included in this study were: syngeneic with or without immunosuppression (SYN and SYN + FK506, respectively) and allogeneic with or without immunosuppression (ALLO and ALLO + FK506, respectively). Animals were sacrificed weekly after SBTx to evaluate microfold (M) cells within PPs and for routine histology. By the third postoperative week, recipients were subjected to an intestine loop model to examine the uptake of microbeads by M cells as well as expression of Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) protein in the PPs with or without a TLR2 agonist challenge. We also measured occludin expression on follicle-associated epithelium (FAE) of PPs in the grafts. RESULTS Transportation of microbeads through the PPs of the grafts increased in the ALLO + FK506 group compared with that in the SYN or SYN + FK506 group. This finding was accompanied by increased expression of TLR2 in the PPs and a gradually increased number of M cells following SBTx. However, occludin expression patterns on the FAE of the PPs in the grafts were similar among SYN, SYN + FK506, and ALLO + FK506 groups. Nevertheless, as transportation of microbeads and TLR2 expression in the PPs of the grafts was enhanced once exposed to Pam3Cys-SKKKK, similar results were not seen in the ALLO + FK506 group. CONCLUSIONS Our study revealed that the mucosal barrier of intestinal grafts is altered under alloreactivity as evidenced by enhanced antigen sampling. Such a change may provide a pathway for translocation of microorganisms in the lumen.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Ping
- Nanjing University School of Medicine, Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, China
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