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Abstract
Soybeans are rich in immuno-modulatory isoflavones such as genistein, daidzein, and glycitein. These isoflavones are well-known antioxidants, chemopreventive and anti-inflammatory agents. Several epidemiological studies suggest that consumption of traditional soy food containing isoflavones is associated with reduced prevalence of chronic health disorders. Isoflavones are considered to be phytoestrogens because of their ability to bind to estrogen receptors. The literature is extensive on the chemistry, bio-availability, and bio-activity of isoflavones. However, their effects on immune response are yet to be fully understood, but are beginning to be appreciated. We review the role of isoflavones in regulation of the immune response and their potential clinical applications in immune-dysfunction. Special emphasis will be made regarding in vivo studies including humans and animal model systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhan Masilamani
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Anbg 17-40G, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, The Jaffe Food Allergy Institute, One Gustave L Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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Julien C, Marcouiller F, Bretteville A, El Khoury NB, Baillargeon J, Hébert SS, Planel E. Dimethyl sulfoxide induces both direct and indirect tau hyperphosphorylation. PLoS One 2012; 7:e40020. [PMID: 22768202 PMCID: PMC3386937 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0040020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2012] [Accepted: 05/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is widely used as a solvent or vehicle for biological studies, and for treatment of specific disorders, including traumatic brain injury and several forms of amyloidosis. As Alzheimer’s disease (AD) brains are characterized by deposits of β-amyloid peptides, it has been suggested that DMSO could be used as a treatment for this devastating disease. AD brains are also characterized by aggregates of hyperphosphorylated tau protein, but the effect of DMSO on tau phosphorylation is unknown. We thus investigated the impact of DMSO on tau phosphorylation in vitro and in vivo. One hour following intraperitoneal administration of 1 or 2 ml/kg DMSO in mice, no change was observed in tau phosphorylation. However, at 4 ml/kg, tau was hyperphosphorylated at AT8 (Ser202/Thr205), PHF-1 (Ser396/Ser404) and AT180 (Thr231) epitopes. At this dose, we also noticed that the animals were hypothermic. When the mice were maintained normothermic, the effect of 4 ml/kg DMSO on tau hyperphosphorylation was prevented. On the other hand, in SH-SY5Y cells, 0.1% DMSO induced tau hyperphosphorylation at AT8 and AT180 phosphoepitopes in normothermic conditions. Globally, these findings demonstrate that DMSO can induce tau hyperphosphorylation indirectly via hypothermia in vivo, and directly in vitro. These data should caution researchers working with DMSO as it can induce artifactual results both in vivo and in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl Julien
- Département de Neurosciences et Psychiatrie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Québec, Québec, Canada
- * E-mail: (CJ); (EP)
| | - François Marcouiller
- Département de Neurosciences et Psychiatrie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Alexis Bretteville
- Département de Neurosciences et Psychiatrie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Noura B. El Khoury
- Département de Neurosciences et Psychiatrie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Joanie Baillargeon
- Département de Neurosciences et Psychiatrie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Sébastien S. Hébert
- Département de Neurosciences et Psychiatrie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Emmanuel Planel
- Département de Neurosciences et Psychiatrie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Québec, Québec, Canada
- * E-mail: (CJ); (EP)
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Zhang CP, Ni H, Tu HY, Xie YR, Yang RQ. Genistein-3'-sulfonic acid dihydrate. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2009; 65:o1137-8. [PMID: 21583946 PMCID: PMC2977809 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536809014767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2009] [Accepted: 04/21/2009] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In the title compound [systematic name: 5-(5,7-dihydroxy-4-oxo-4H-chromenyl)-2-hydroxybenzenesulfonic acid dihydrate], C15H10O8S·2H2O, the benzopyranone ring is not coplanar with the phenyl ring, the dihedral angle between them being 41.35 (3)°. No H atom was placed on the sulphonic acid group because it was not possible to distinguish between the two S=O bonds and the S—O bond. In the crystal, the molecules are linked by classical O—H⋯O and C—H⋯O intra- and intermolecular hydrogen bonds and aromatic π–π stacking interactions [centroid–centroid distance of 3.4523 (14) Å between the 1, 4-pyranone rings and the benzene rings, and 3.6337 (14) Å between the benzene rings] into a supramolecular structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Peng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi University for Functional Materials Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, People's Republic of China
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