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Human Herpesvirus 8 in Australia: DNAemia and Cumulative Exposure in Blood Donors. Viruses 2022; 14:v14102185. [PMID: 36298740 PMCID: PMC9611601 DOI: 10.3390/v14102185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8), the causative agent of Kaposi’s sarcoma, multicentric Castleman’s disease and primary effusion lymphoma, predominantly manifests in immunocompromised individuals. However, infection in immunocompetent individuals does occur. The prevalence of HHV-8 exposure in blood donors from non-endemic countries ranges between 1.2% and 7.3%. Nothing was known about the prevalence in Australian blood donors. Therefore, this study investigated the active and cumulative exposure of HHV-8 in this cohort. Plasma samples (n = 480) were collected from eastern Australian blood donors and were tested for HHV-8 DNA by qPCR, and for HHV-8 antibodies by two different ELISAs. Samples initially positive on either ELISA were retested in duplicate on both, and on a mock-coated ELISA. Any samples positive two or three out of the three times tested on at least one ELISA, and repeat negative on the mock-coated ELISA, were assigned as repeat positive. None of the 480 samples tested contained HHV-8 DNA. Serological testing revealed 28 samples (5.83%; 95% CI: 3.74−7.93%) had antibodies to HHV-8. There was no difference (p > 0.05) in seropositivity between sex or with increasing age. This is the first study to show serological evidence of cumulative HHV-8 exposure and no HHV-8 DNAemia within a select blood donor population in Australia. Our molecular and serological data is consistent with published results for blood donors residing in HHV-8 non-endemic countries, which shows the prevalence to be very low.
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Ren L, Wang B, Miao Z, Liu P, Zhou S, Feng Y, Yang S, Xia X, Wang K. A correlation analysis of HHV infection and its predictive factors in an HIV-seropositive population in Yunnan, China. J Med Virol 2019; 92:295-301. [PMID: 31621089 PMCID: PMC7004189 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Human herpesviruses (HHVs) have a particularly high prevalence in certain high‐risk populations and cause increased morbidity and mortality in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Screening and treating subclinical HHV infections reduce human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection incidence, disease progression, and transmission. However, there are few studies on HHVs, HIV coinfection rates, and their related risk factors. We aimed to clarify the prevalence of all eight HHVs in peripheral blood samples collected from HIV‐positive patients, and explore the association of HHV infection in HIV‐positive patients in an HIV‐seropositive population in Yunnan. We recruited 121 HIV‐positive patients with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and 45 healthy individuals. All the eight HHVs were detected using polymerase chain reaction and their epidemiological information and clinical data were collected and statistically analyzed. A high prevalence of HHVs (89.3%) was observed in individuals with HIV infections and with herpes simplex virus (HSV)‐2 (65.3%), and HSV‐1 (59.5%) being the most common. Coinfection with more than two different HHVs was more common in patients with HIV infections receiving HAART (72.7%) than in healthy controls. Older age, being married, higher HIV‐1 plasma viral loads, and use of antiviral protease inhibitors were independently correlated with an increased frequency of HHVs, but we found no association with CD4 count, WHO HIV clinical stage, and HIV infection duration. Our findings are of great significance for the prevention of HHV opportunistic infection in patients with AIDS and their clinical treatment. HHV co‐infection in AIDS patients deserves attention during the course of antiviral therapy. Suppressing HHV recurrences had a clinically significant effect on prolonging survival in some cohorts of HIV‐infected patients and may be an effective intervention in reducing HIV spread in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ren
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China.,Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Binghui Wang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Zhijiang Miao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pan Liu
- Department of Urology, Yan'an Hospital of Kunming Chenggong Hospital, Kunming, China
| | - Shiyi Zhou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Kunming Engineering Technology Center of Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive Diseases, Yunnan Institute of Digestive Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yun Feng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Shuting Yang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Xueshan Xia
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Kunhua Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Kunming Engineering Technology Center of Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive Diseases, Yunnan Institute of Digestive Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
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The Prevalence of Human Herpes Virus Type 8 in Semen Specimens of HIV-Negative Iranian Population Detected by Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER MANAGEMENT 2019. [DOI: 10.5812/ijcm.90667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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MDM2 gene polymorphisms and risk of classic Kaposi's sarcoma among Iranian patients. Med Microbiol Immunol 2017; 206:157-163. [PMID: 28083704 DOI: 10.1007/s00430-016-0491-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the promoter region of MDM2 (SNP309T>G, rs2279744) has been shown to increase the expression of the MDM2 protein in various cancer types. However, only one study has analyzed the role of the MDM2 polymorphism in the development of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS). The association of MDM2 SNP309 with classic KS risk was evaluated in 79 Iranian patients with classic KS and 123 healthy controls. The MDM2 SNP309 was genotyped using PCR and restriction fragment length polymorphism methods. No significant correlation was found between the SNP309 polymorphism in MDM2 promoter and classic KS risk. There was no significant correlation between gender and disease stage. However, a significant association was found between SNP309 GG genotype and younger age (≤50 years) (odds ratio 9.5, 95% confidence intervals 1.5-60, p = 0.03). Our findings support no major role for the MDM2 SNP309 in KS development although it might influence the clinical outcome of KS in younger patients.
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Low LK, Song JY. B-cell Lymphoproliferative Disorders Associated with Primary and Acquired Immunodeficiency. Surg Pathol Clin 2016; 9:55-77. [PMID: 26940268 DOI: 10.1016/j.path.2015.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The diagnosis of lymphoproliferative disorders associated with immunodeficiency can be challenging because many of these conditions have overlapping clinical and pathologic features and share similarities with their counterparts in the immunocompetent setting. There are subtle but important differences between these conditions that are important to recognize for prognostic and therapeutic purposes. This article provides a clinicopathologic update on how understanding of these B-cell lymphoproliferations in immunodeficiency has evolved over the past decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence K Low
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Joo Y Song
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.
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Hernández-Sierra A, Rovira J, Petit A, Moya-Rull D, Mazuecos MA, Sánchez-Fructuoso AI, Errasti P, Idoate MÁ, Cruzado JM, Vidal A, Diekmann F, Oppenheimer F, Campistol JM, Revuelta I. Role of HHV-8 and mTOR pathway in post-transplant Kaposi sarcoma staging. Transpl Int 2016; 29:1008-16. [DOI: 10.1111/tri.12800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Hernández-Sierra
- Department of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation; Hospital Clínic de Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
- Laboratori Experimental de Nefrologia i Trasplantament (LENIT); Fundació Clínic - IDIBAPS; Barcelona Spain
| | - Jordi Rovira
- Laboratori Experimental de Nefrologia i Trasplantament (LENIT); Fundació Clínic - IDIBAPS; Barcelona Spain
| | - Anna Petit
- Department of Pathology; Hospital Clínic de Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
| | - Daniel Moya-Rull
- Laboratori Experimental de Nefrologia i Trasplantament (LENIT); Fundació Clínic - IDIBAPS; Barcelona Spain
| | | | | | - Pedro Errasti
- Department of Nephrology; Clínica Universitaria de Navarra; Pamplona Spain
| | | | | | - August Vidal
- Department of Pathology; Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge; Barcelona Spain
| | - Fritz Diekmann
- Department of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation; Hospital Clínic de Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
- Laboratori Experimental de Nefrologia i Trasplantament (LENIT); Fundació Clínic - IDIBAPS; Barcelona Spain
| | - Federico Oppenheimer
- Department of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation; Hospital Clínic de Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
- Laboratori Experimental de Nefrologia i Trasplantament (LENIT); Fundació Clínic - IDIBAPS; Barcelona Spain
| | - Josep M. Campistol
- Department of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation; Hospital Clínic de Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
- Laboratori Experimental de Nefrologia i Trasplantament (LENIT); Fundació Clínic - IDIBAPS; Barcelona Spain
| | - Ignacio Revuelta
- Department of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation; Hospital Clínic de Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
- Laboratori Experimental de Nefrologia i Trasplantament (LENIT); Fundació Clínic - IDIBAPS; Barcelona Spain
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Alkharsah KR, Alzahrani AJ, Obeid OE, El-Harith EHA, Guella A, Mohamed EA, Haykal AH, Stuhrmann M, Al-Ali AK. Vascular endothelial growth factor A polymorphism and risk of Kaposi's sarcoma herpesvirus viremia in kidney allograft recipients. Transpl Infect Dis 2014; 16:783-9. [PMID: 25124076 DOI: 10.1111/tid.12277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2013] [Revised: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kaposi's sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV) causes Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), primary effusion lymphoma, and multicentric Castleman's disease in immunocompromised patients including allograft recipients. Detection of KSHV DNA in blood, as well as host genetic polymorphisms has been found to be associated with an increased risk for KS. We investigated an association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) gene region and KSHV viremia in kidney transplant recipients (KTR) in Saudi Arabia. METHODS In total, 152 KTR who have survived kidney transplantation for at least 6 months were included in the study. KSHV viremia was determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Genotyping of SNPs in the VEGFA region was performed by PCR and direct sequencing, as well as by restriction fragment length polymorphism. RESULTS KSHV DNA was detected in 28.9% (n = 44) of the study population. The A-allele at position C172A VEGFA gene promoter region was found to be associated with KSHV viremia (odd ratio [OR] = 4.8, P = 0.005). In addition, the G-allele at position C+405G in the 5'-untranslated region was associated with KSHV viremia in women, but not in men (OR = 3.98, P = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest an association of VEGFA polymorphisms with KSHV viremia among KTR in this study population. A limitation of our study is that the results can only be predicated for patients 6 months after kidney transplantation and should be validated in another cohort with larger sample size.
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Affiliation(s)
- K R Alkharsah
- Center for Research and Consultation Studies, University of Dammam, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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Le J, Gantt S. Human herpesvirus 6, 7 and 8 in solid organ transplantation. Am J Transplant 2013; 13 Suppl 4:128-37. [PMID: 23465006 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.12106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J Le
- Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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Razonable RR. Human herpesviruses 6, 7 and 8 in solid organ transplant recipients. Am J Transplant 2013; 13 Suppl 3:67-77; quiz 77-8. [PMID: 23347215 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.12008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2012] [Revised: 07/05/2012] [Accepted: 07/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Human herpesviruses (HHV) 6 and 7 are ubiquitous infections that reactivate commonly in transplant recipients. However, clinical diseases due to these viruses are reported only in 1% of solid organ transplant recipients. Fever, rash and bone marrow suppression are the most common manifestations, but symptoms of tissue invasive disease may be observed. Treatment of HHV-6 and HHV-7 disease includes antiviral therapy and cautious reduction in immunosuppression. HHV-8 is an oncogenic gamma-herpesvirus that causes Kaposi's sarcoma, Castleman's disease and primary effusion lymphomas in transplant recipients. Nonmalignant diseases such as bone marrow suppression and multiorgan failure have also been associated with HHV-8. Reduction in immunosuppression is the first line treatment of HHV-8 infection. Other alternatives for treatment, especially for HHV-8 diseases not responsive to immuno-minimization strategies, are surgery and chemotherapy. Sirolimus has been shown to be a beneficial component for the treatment of Kaposi's sarcoma and the role of antivirals for HHV-8 infection is being investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- R R Razonable
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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Jalilvand S, Shoja Z, Mokhtari-Azad T, Nategh R, Gharehbaghian A. Seroprevalence of Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) and incidence of Kaposi's sarcoma in Iran. Infect Agent Cancer 2011; 6:5. [PMID: 21527020 PMCID: PMC3108908 DOI: 10.1186/1750-9378-6-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2011] [Accepted: 04/28/2011] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Seroepidemiological surveys show that the prevalence of human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) infection mostly varies in various geographical areas and reflects the local incidence of classic and endemic KS, being widespread in sub-Saharan Africa and Mediterranean countries and uncommon in the USA and Northern Europe. In the Middle East only few populations, such as Ashkenazi and Sephardic groups in Israel, have been adequately evaluated for HHV-8 seroprevalence. Among Iranian population a striking higher seroprevalence of HHV8 has been reported among haemodialysis (16.9%), renal transplant recipients (25%) and HIV (45.7%) patients compared to blood donors (2%). Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is the rarest cancer in Iran, with an annual age-standardized incidence varying from 0.10 to 0.17 per 100,000 in males and from 0.06 to 0.08 per 100,000 in females. KS, however, is one of the most important malignancies in Iranian renal transplanted patients affecting up to 2.4% of organ recipients. The epidemiology of HHV8 and KS in Iran needs further evaluation. While the high prevalence of HHV-8 antibodies in HIV positive and haemodialysis individuals may be attributed to high-risk sexual behavior and polytransfusions, respectively, unknown determinants may be responsible for high seroprevalence of HHV8 and high incidence of KS in solid organ recipients. A global survey on HHV8 seroprevalence in Iran is mandatory to define co-factors associated with HHV8 infection and KS risk in the general Iranian population and in specific patient groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Jalilvand
- Research Center of Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization, Tehran, Iran.
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Herpes viruses in transplant recipients: HSV, VZV, human herpes viruses, and EBV. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2011; 25:171-91. [PMID: 21236397 DOI: 10.1016/j.hoc.2010.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The herpes viruses are responsible for a wide range of diseases in patients following transplant, resulting from direct viral effects and indirect effects, including tumor promotion. Effective treatments and prophylaxis exist for the neurotropic herpes viruses HSV-1, HSV-2, varicella zoster virus, and possibly HHV-6. Antivirals seem to be less effective at prevention of the tumor-promoting effects of Epstein-Barr virus and HHV-8. Reduction in immunosuppression is the cornerstone to treatment of many diseases associated with herpes virus infections.
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Shiley K, Blumberg E. Herpes Viruses in Transplant Recipients: HSV, VZV, Human Herpes Viruses, and EBV. Infect Dis Clin North Am 2010; 24:373-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idc.2010.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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13
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Razonable RR, Zerr DM. HHV-6, HHV-7 and HHV-8 in solid organ transplant recipients. Am J Transplant 2009; 9 Suppl 4:S100-3. [PMID: 20070668 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2009.02899_2.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R R Razonable
- Division of Infectious Diseases, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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