1
|
García-Criado Á, Rimola J, Seijo S, Darnell A, Belmonte E, Sapena V, Moreno-Rojas J, Pérez V, Hernández-Gea V, Ayuso C, Reig M, García-Pagán JC, Bruix J. MRI Using Gadoxetic Acid in the Work-Up of Liver Nodules Not Conclusively Benign in Budd-Chiari Syndrome: A Prospective Long-Term Follow-Up. Liver Cancer 2024; 13:203-214. [PMID: 38751551 PMCID: PMC11095625 DOI: 10.1159/000533598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS) is unknown and there is no validated diagnostic work-up to define the liver nodules with arterial phase hyperenhancement (APHE), suggesting malignancy. This prospective study evaluates HCC incidence in a Western cohort of patients with BCS and assesses the performance of MRI with hepatobiliary contrast (HB-MRI) for nodule characterization. Methods Patients with BCS followed in our hospital were prospectively evaluated by MRI with extracellular contrast (EC-MRI). Nodules with APHE categorized as non-conclusively benign by 2 radiologists were studied by HB-MRI and reviewed by 2 radiologists blinded to the EC-MRI results. A new EC-MRI 1 year later and clinical, analytical, and sonographic follow-up every 6 months for a median of 10 years was performed. Results A total of 55 non-conclusively benign nodules with APHE were detected at EC-MRI in 41 patients. While 32 of them were suggestive of HCC by EC-MRI, all the 55 nodules showed increased uptake of hepatobiliary contrast. An unequivocal central scar was seen in 12/55 nodules at HB-MRI regardless of it was not detected on the EC-MRI. None of the nodules was hypointense in the hepatobiliary phase (HBP). HCC was not detected during a median of 10 years of follow-up. Conclusions Detection of nodules with APHE is frequent in patients with BCS, but HCC is rare in Western patients with BCS. While EC-MRI may detect nodules suggesting malignancy, the identification of contrast uptake in the HBP at HB-MRI may help categorize them as benign.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ángeles García-Criado
- Radiology Department, CDI, BCLC Group, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Rimola
- Radiology Department, CDI, BCLC Group, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susana Seijo
- Liver Unit, Barcelona Hepatic Hemodynamic Laboratory, ICMDM, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Darnell
- Radiology Department, CDI, BCLC Group, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ernest Belmonte
- Radiology Department, CDI, BCLC Group, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Víctor Sapena
- BCLC group, Statistics core, Medical Statistics Core Facility, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julián Moreno-Rojas
- Radiology Department, CDI, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Valeria Pérez
- Liver Unit, Barcelona Hepatic Hemodynamic Laboratory, ICMDM, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Virginia Hernández-Gea
- Liver Unit, Barcelona Hepatic Hemodynamic Laboratory, ICMDM, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Madrid, Spain
- Health Care Provider of the European Reference Network on Rare Liver Disorders (ERN-Liver), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen Ayuso
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Madrid, Spain
- Radiology Department, CDI, BCLC Group, IDIBAPS Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Reig
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Madrid, Spain
- Health Care Provider of the European Reference Network on Rare Liver Disorders (ERN-Liver), Barcelona, Spain
- BCLC group, Liver Unit, ICMDM, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos García-Pagán
- Liver Unit, Barcelona Hepatic Hemodynamic Laboratory, ICMDM, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Madrid, Spain
- Health Care Provider of the European Reference Network on Rare Liver Disorders (ERN-Liver), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Bruix
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Madrid, Spain
- Health Care Provider of the European Reference Network on Rare Liver Disorders (ERN-Liver), Barcelona, Spain
- BCLC group, Liver Unit, ICMDM, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Porrello G, Mamone G, Miraglia R. Budd-Chiari Syndrome Imaging Diagnosis: State of the Art and Future Perspectives. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:2256. [PMID: 37443650 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13132256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS) is a rare hepatic vascular disorder defined by the presence of partial or complete impairment of hepatic venous drainage in the absence of right heart failure or constrictive pericarditis. Several conditions can lead to BCS, from hypercoagulable states to malignancies. Primary BCS is the most common subtype, and usually bartends hypercoagulability states, while secondary BCS involves tumor invasion or extrinsic compression. A combination of clinical and imaging features leads to the diagnosis of BCS, including (1) direct signs: occlusion or compression of the hepatic veins and/or inferior vena cava, and the presence of venous collaterals; (2) indirect signs: morphological hepatic changes with caudate lobe enlargement; inhomogeneous enhancement, and hypervascular nodules. From a clinicopathological point of view, two forms of BCS can be distinguished: acute and subacute/chronic BCS, although asymptomatic and fulminant forms are also possible. Acute presentations are rare, and symptoms include hepatomegaly, ascites, and hepatic insufficiency. Subacute/chronic forms are the most common presentation, with dysmorphic liver and variable degrees of fibrosis deposition. Patients with chronic BCS can develop benign regenerative nodules (large regenerative nodules or FNH [Focal Nodular Hyperplasia]-like lesions), but are also at a higher risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The radiologist role is therefore fundamental in both diagnosis and surveillance of BCS. The aim of this review is to present all clinical and imaging signs that can help to reach the diagnosis of BCS, with their clinical significance, providing tips and tricks for the cross-sectional diagnosis of this condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Porrello
- Radiology Unit, Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services, IRCCS ISMETT (Mediterranean Institute for Transplantation and Advanced Specialized Therapies), Via Tricomi 5, 90127 Palermo, Italy
- Section of Radiology, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D.), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via del Vespro 127, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Mamone
- Radiology Unit, Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services, IRCCS ISMETT (Mediterranean Institute for Transplantation and Advanced Specialized Therapies), Via Tricomi 5, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Roberto Miraglia
- Radiology Unit, Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services, IRCCS ISMETT (Mediterranean Institute for Transplantation and Advanced Specialized Therapies), Via Tricomi 5, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Liver Transplantation for Budd-Chiari Syndrome in the MELD Era. Transplant Direct 2022; 8:e1407. [PMID: 36398192 PMCID: PMC9666155 DOI: 10.1097/txd.0000000000001407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED To evaluate clinical characteristics and factors associated with survival among liver transplantation (LT) recipients with Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS), with or without transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS), in the post-Model for End-stage Liver Disease era. METHODS We extracted data from the United Network for Organ Sharing database on all adult (≥18 y old) waitlisted candidates and recipients of LT with BCS in the United States between 2002 and 2019. Multivariable Cox regression was used to determine predictors of mortality and hazard ratios (HRs). RESULTS A total of 647 BCS patients were waitlisted between 2002 and 2019. BCS was an indication for LT in 378 (0.2%) of all adult LT recipients during the study period. Of BCS patients who received LT, approximately three-fourths (72.3%) were alive for up to 10 y. We found no significant difference in LT outcomes in BCS patients with or without TIPS. Longer length of hospital stay following LT (HR, 1.32; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.19-1.47), Black/African American race (HR, 2.24; 95% CI, 1.38-3.64), diabetes (HR, 3.17; 95% CI, 1.62-6.21), donor risk index (HR, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.05-1.99), and lower albumin levels at the time of transplantation (HR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.50-0.88) were negatively associated with survival after LT. Interestingly, neither the Model for End-stage Liver Disease nor prior TIPS showed a significant association with survival after LT. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate good comparable survival among TIPS versus no TIPS in LT recipients with BCS. The decision for TIPS versus LT should be individualized on a case-by-case basis.
Collapse
|
4
|
Shukla A, Shreshtha A, Mukund A, Bihari C, Eapen CE, Han G, Deshmukh H, Cua IHY, Lesmana CRA, Al Meshtab M, Kage M, Chaiteeraki R, Treeprasertsuk S, Giri S, Punamiya S, Paradis V, Qi X, Sugawara Y, Abbas Z, Sarin SK. Budd-Chiari syndrome: consensus guidance of the Asian Pacific Association for the study of the liver (APASL). Hepatol Int 2021; 15:531-567. [PMID: 34240318 DOI: 10.1007/s12072-021-10189-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Budd Chiari syndrome (BCS) is a diverse disease with regard to the site of obstruction, the predisposing thrombophilic disorders and clinical presentation across the Asia-Pacific region. The hepatic vein ostial stenosis and short segment thrombosis are common in some parts of Asia-Pacific region, while membranous obstruction of the vena cava is common in some and complete thrombosis of hepatic veins in others. Prevalence of myeloproliferative neoplasms and other thrombophilic disorders in BCS varies from region to region and with different sites of obstruction. This heterogeneity also raises several issues and dilemmas in evaluation and approach to management of a patient with BCS. The opportunity to recanalize hepatic vein in patients with hepatic vein ostial stenosis or inferior vena cava stenting or pasty among those membranous obstruction of the vena cava is a unique opportunity in the Asia-Pacific region to restore hepatic outflow closely mimicking physiology. In order to address these issues arising out of the diversity as well as the unique features in the region, the Asia Pacific Association for Study of Liver has formulated these guidelines for clinicians.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akash Shukla
- Department of Gastroenterology, King Edward Memorial Hospital and Seth Gordhandas Sunderdas Medical College, Mumbai, India.
| | | | - Amar Mukund
- Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Chhagan Bihari
- Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - C E Eapen
- Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Guohong Han
- Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xian, China
| | - Hemant Deshmukh
- Dean and Head of Radiology, King Edward Memorial Hospital and Seth Gordhandas Sunderdas Medical College, Mumbai, India
| | - Ian Homer Y Cua
- Institute of Digestive and Liver Diseases, St Lukes Medical Center, Global City, Philippines
| | - Cosmas Rinaldi Adithya Lesmana
- Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Digestive Disease & GI Oncology Center, Medistra Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Mamun Al Meshtab
- Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Center for Innovative Cancer Therapy, Kurume University Research, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, 830-0011, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Kage
- Department of Gastroenterology, King Edward Memorial Hospital and Seth Gordhandas Sunderdas Medical College, Mumbai, India
| | - Roongruedee Chaiteeraki
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sombat Treeprasertsuk
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Suprabhat Giri
- Department of Gastroenterology, King Edward Memorial Hospital and Seth Gordhandas Sunderdas Medical College, Mumbai, India
| | - Sundeep Punamiya
- Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Valerie Paradis
- Dpt dAnatomie Pathologique, Hôpital Beaujon, 100 bd du Gal Leclerc, Clichy, 92110, France
| | - Xingshun Qi
- General Hospital of Northern Theater Command (formerly General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area), No. 83 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, China
| | - Yasuhiko Sugawara
- Department of Transplantation and Pediatric Surgery, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Zaigham Abbas
- Department of Hepatogastroenterology, Dr. Ziauddin University Hospital Clifton, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Abstract
Disorders of the mesenteric, portal, and hepatic veins and mesenteric and hepatic arteries have important clinical consequences and may lead to acute liver failure, chronic liver disease, noncirrhotic portal hypertension, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Although literature in the field of vascular liver disorders is scant, these disorders are common in clinical practice, and general practitioners, gastroenterologists, and hepatologists may benefit from expert guidance and recommendations for management of these conditions. These guidelines represent the official practice recommendations of the American College of Gastroenterology. Key concept statements based on author expert opinion and review of literature and specific recommendations based on PICO/GRADE analysis have been developed to aid in the management of vascular liver disorders. These recommendations and guidelines should be tailored to individual patients and circumstances in routine clinical practice.
Collapse
|
6
|
Hepatocellular nodules expressing markers of hepatocellular adenomas in Budd-Chiari syndrome and other rare hepatic vascular disorders. J Hepatol 2015; 63:1173-80. [PMID: 26119687 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2015.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Revised: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS A broad range of hepatocellular nodules has been reported in hepatic vascular disorders. It is not clear whether hepatocellular adenoma (HCA) in this context share the same characteristics as conventional HCA. The aim of this study was to carry out a retrospective multicenter survey of hepatocellular nodules associated with hepatic vascular disorders. METHODS Forty-five cases were reviewed, including 32 Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS). Benign nodules were subtyped using the HCA immunohistochemical panel. RESULTS Nodules with a HCA morphology were observed in 11 cases. Six originated in BCS: two were liver fatty acid binding protein (LFABP) negative (one with malignant transformation); two expressed glutamine synthetase (GS) and nuclear b-catenin, two expressed C reactive protein (CRP). Among three cases with portal vein agenesis, one nodule was LFABP negative, two expressed GS and nuclear b-catenin, both with malignant transformation. In a Fallot tetralogy case, there were multiple LFABP negative nodules with borderline features and in a hepatoportal sclerosis case, the nodule looked like an inflammatory HCA. Two additional cases had nodules expressing CRP, without typical characteristics of inflammatory HCA. CONCLUSION HCA of different immunohistochemical phenotype can develop in hepatic vascular disorders; they may have a different behavior compared to conventional HCA and be more at risk of malignant transformation.
Collapse
|
7
|
Blanc JF, Frulio N, Chiche L, Bioulac-Sage P, Balabaud C. Hepatocellular adenoma management: advances but still a long way to go. Hepat Oncol 2015; 2:171-180. [PMID: 30190996 DOI: 10.2217/hep.14.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular adenomas (HCAs) are composed of four molecular subgroups: mutations inactivating the HNF1A gene; the inflammatory phenotype with mutations of different genes leading to STAT3 activation; the activation of β-catenin by mutations in exon 3; among β-HCA, half display both inflammatory and β-catenin-activated phenotypes; and the unclassified tumors. The identification of these subtypes by MRI and immunohistochemistry on tissue is considered as a major criterion to manage patients. Of particular relevance is the identification of the β-catenin-mutated group due to its high risk of malignant transformation. In spite of this progress, the classification has not gained recognition among surgeons. It is hoped that by working as a multidisciplinary team, including surgeons, radiologists, pathologists and molecular biologists, patients will be managed more rationally. In this article, we will present known and new data, well accepted and that which is still controversial. The progress made in the field of HCA in the last 12 years, whether in epidemiology, diagnosis (clinical, pathology, imaging) or management, is related in one way or another to molecular advances.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean Frédéric Blanc
- Hepato-gastroenterology & Digestive Oncology Unit, CHU Bordeaux, Saint-André Hospital, 1 rue Jean Burguet 33075 Bordeaux, France.,Hepato-gastroenterology & Digestive Oncology Unit, CHU Bordeaux, Saint-André Hospital, 1 rue Jean Burguet 33075 Bordeaux, France
| | - Nora Frulio
- Department of Diagnostic & Interventional Imaging, CHU Bordeaux, Saint André hospital, 1 rue Jean Burguet 33075 Bordeaux, France.,Department of Diagnostic & Interventional Imaging, CHU Bordeaux, Saint André hospital, 1 rue Jean Burguet 33075 Bordeaux, France
| | - Laurence Chiche
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Haut Lévêque Hospital, CHU Bordeaux, Avenue de Magellan 33604 PESSAC cedex, France.,Department of Digestive Surgery, Haut Lévêque Hospital, CHU Bordeaux, Avenue de Magellan 33604 PESSAC cedex, France
| | - Paulette Bioulac-Sage
- Department of Pathology, Pellegrin Hospital, CHU Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France.,Inserm, UMR-1053, Université de Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France.,Department of Pathology, Pellegrin Hospital, CHU Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France.,Inserm, UMR-1053, Université de Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Charles Balabaud
- Inserm, UMR-1053, Université de Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France.,Inserm, UMR-1053, Université de Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Pathological Diagnosis of Hepatocellular Cellular Adenoma according to the Clinical Context. Int J Hepatol 2013; 2013:253261. [PMID: 23691330 PMCID: PMC3652210 DOI: 10.1155/2013/253261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Accepted: 03/01/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In Europe and North America, hepatocellular adenomas (HCA) occur, classically, in middle-aged woman taking oral contraceptives. Twenty percent of women, however, are not exposed to oral contraceptives; HCA can more rarely occur in men, children, and women over 65 years. HCA have been observed in many pathological conditions such as glycogenosis, familial adenomatous polyposis, MODY3, after male hormone administration, and in vascular diseases. Obesity is frequent particularly in inflammatory HCA. The background liver is often normal, but steatosis is a frequent finding particularly in inflammatory HCA. The diagnosis of HCA is more difficult when the background liver is fibrotic, notably in vascular diseases. HCA can be solitary, or multiple or in great number (adenomatosis). When nodules are multiple, they are usually of the same subtype. HNF1 α -inactivated HCA occur almost exclusively in woman. The most important point of the classification is the identification of β -catenin mutated HCA, a strong argument to identify patients at risk of malignant transformation. Some HCA already present criteria indicating malignant transformation. When the whole nodule is a hepatocellular carcinoma, it is extremely difficult to prove that it is the consequence of a former HCA. It is occasionally difficult to identify HCA remodeled by necrosis or hemorrhage.
Collapse
|