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Iturbe-Fernández D, de Pablo Gafas A, Mora Cuesta VM, Alonso Moralejo R, Quezada Loaiza CA, Pérez González V, López-Padilla D, Cifrián JM. Everolimus Treatment for Chronic Lung Allograft Dysfunction in Lung Transplantation. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:603. [PMID: 38792624 PMCID: PMC11123303 DOI: 10.3390/life14050603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Our study aims to evaluate the effect of everolimus treatment on lung function in lung transplant (LT) patients with established chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD). METHODS This retrospective study included LT patients in two reference LT units who started everolimus therapy to treat CLAD from October 2008 to October 2016. We assessed the variation in the maximum forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) before and after the treatment. RESULTS Fifty-seven patients were included in this study. The variation in the FEV1 was -102.7 (149.6) mL/month before starting everolimus compared to -44.7 (109.6) mL/month within the first three months, +1.4 (63.5) mL/month until the sixth month, and -7.4 (46.2) mL/month until the twelfth month (p < 0.05). Glomerular filtrate remained unchanged after everolimus treatment [59.1 (17.5) mL/min per 1.73 m2 at baseline and 60.9 (19.6) mL/min per 1.73 m2, 57.7 (20.5) mL/min per 1.73 m2, and 57.3 (17.8) mL/min per 1.73 m2, at 1, 3, and 6 months, respectively] (p > 0.05). Everolimus was withdrawn in 22 (38.6%) patients. The median time to withdrawal was 14.1 (5.5-25.1) months. CONCLUSIONS This study showed an improvement in FEV1 decline in patients with CLAD treated with everolimus. However, the drug was withdrawn in a high proportion of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Iturbe-Fernández
- Lung Transplant Unit, Pulmonary Medicine Department, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, 39008 Santander, Spain; (V.M.M.C.); (J.M.C.)
| | - Alicia de Pablo Gafas
- Lung Transplant Unit, Pulmonary Medicine Department, Doce de Octubre University Hospital, 28041 Madrid, Spain; (A.d.P.G.); (R.A.M.); (C.A.Q.L.); (V.P.G.)
| | - Víctor Manuel Mora Cuesta
- Lung Transplant Unit, Pulmonary Medicine Department, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, 39008 Santander, Spain; (V.M.M.C.); (J.M.C.)
| | - Rodrigo Alonso Moralejo
- Lung Transplant Unit, Pulmonary Medicine Department, Doce de Octubre University Hospital, 28041 Madrid, Spain; (A.d.P.G.); (R.A.M.); (C.A.Q.L.); (V.P.G.)
| | - Carlos Andrés Quezada Loaiza
- Lung Transplant Unit, Pulmonary Medicine Department, Doce de Octubre University Hospital, 28041 Madrid, Spain; (A.d.P.G.); (R.A.M.); (C.A.Q.L.); (V.P.G.)
- CIBER Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Virginia Pérez González
- Lung Transplant Unit, Pulmonary Medicine Department, Doce de Octubre University Hospital, 28041 Madrid, Spain; (A.d.P.G.); (R.A.M.); (C.A.Q.L.); (V.P.G.)
| | - Daniel López-Padilla
- Pulmonary Medicine Department, Gregorio Marañón University Hospital, 28007 Madrid, Spain
| | - José M. Cifrián
- Lung Transplant Unit, Pulmonary Medicine Department, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, 39008 Santander, Spain; (V.M.M.C.); (J.M.C.)
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2
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Schmucki K, Hofmann P, Fehr T, Inci I, Kohler M, Schuurmans MM. Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Inhibitors and Kidney Function After Thoracic Transplantation: A Systematic Review and Recommendations for Management of Lung Transplant Recipients. Transplantation 2023; 107:53-73. [PMID: 36508646 PMCID: PMC9746343 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000004336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic kidney disease (CKD) after lung transplantation is common and limits the survival of transplant recipients. The calcineurin inhibitors (CNI), cyclosporine A, and tacrolimus being the cornerstone of immunosuppression are key mediators of nephrotoxicity. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors, sirolimus and everolimus, are increasingly used in combination with reduced CNI dosage after lung transplantation. METHODS This systematic review examined the efficacy and safety of mTOR inhibitors after lung transplantation and explored their effect on kidney function. RESULTS mTOR inhibitors are often introduced to preserve kidney function. Several clinical trials have demonstrated improved kidney function and efficacy of mTOR inhibitors. The potential for kidney function improvement and preservation increases with early initiation of mTOR inhibitors and low target levels for both mTOR inhibitors and CNI. No defined stage of CKD for mTOR inhibitor initiation exists, nor does severe CKD preclude the improvement of kidney function under mTOR inhibitors. Baseline proteinuria may negatively predict the preservation and improvement of kidney function. Discontinuation rates of mTOR inhibitors due to adverse effects increase with higher target levels. CONCLUSIONS More evidence is needed to define the optimal immunosuppressive regimen incorporating mTOR inhibitors after lung transplantation. Not only the indication criteria for the introduction of mTOR inhibitors are needed, but also the best timing, target levels, and possibly discontinuation criteria must be defined more clearly. Current evidence supports the notion of nephroprotective potential under certain conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Schmucki
- Division of Pulmonology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cantonal Hospital Graubünden, Chur, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Hofmann
- Division of Pulmonology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cantonal Hospital Graubünden, Chur, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Fehr
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cantonal Hospital Graubünden, Chur, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ilhan Inci
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zurich University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Malcolm Kohler
- Division of Pulmonology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Macé M. Schuurmans
- Division of Pulmonology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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3
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Galeev SR, Gautier SV. Risks and ways of preventing kidney dysfunction in drug-induced immunosuppression in solid organ recipients. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF TRANSPLANTOLOGY AND ARTIFICIAL ORGANS 2022. [DOI: 10.15825/1995-1191-2022-4-24-38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Immunosuppressive therapy (IMT) is the cornerstone of treatment after transplantation. The goal of immunosuppression is to prevent acute and chronic rejection while maximizing patient survival and long-term graft function. However, the expected effects of IMT must be balanced against the major adverse effects of these drugs and their toxicity. The purpose of this review is to summarize world experience on current immunosuppressive strategies and to assess their effects on renal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sh. R. Galeev
- Shumakov National Medical Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs
| | - S. V. Gautier
- Shumakov National Medical Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs; Sechenov University
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4
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Immunosuppression in Lung Transplantation. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2021; 272:139-164. [PMID: 34796380 DOI: 10.1007/164_2021_548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Immunosuppression in lung transplantation is an area devoid of robust clinical data. This chapter will review the history of immunosuppression in lung transplantation. Additionally, it will evaluate the three classes of induction, maintenance, and rescue immunosuppression in detail. Induction immunosuppression in lung transplantation aims to decrease incidence of lung allograft rejection, however infectious risk must be considered when determining if induction is appropriate and which agent is most favorable. Similar to other solid organ transplant patient populations, a multi-drug approach is commonly prescribed for maintenance immunosuppression to minimize single agent drug toxicities. Emphasis of this review is placed on key medication considerations including dosing, adverse effects, and drug interactions. Clinical considerations will be reviewed per drug class given available literature. Finally, acute cellular, antibody mediated, and chronic rejection are reviewed.
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5
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de Souza AR, Dos Santos TAGM, Von Jakitsch CB, de Sant'Anna ALGG, de Claudio JCM, Branco JNR, Giovanazzi RSD, Junior NAH, Pimentel WDS, da Costa SACM, Girones P, Machado RC. Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Inhibitors Vs Calcineurin Inhibitors in Chronic Graft Rejection After Lung Transplantation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Transplant Proc 2021; 53:3056-3064. [PMID: 34785027 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2021.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The number of lung transplantations has been rising constantly. However, use of this therapeutic resource is limited by several issues that are difficult to resolve, such as chronic graft rejection and complications secondary to immunosuppression. METHODS This systematic review compared mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor immunosuppression associated with low-dose calcineurin inhibitors with isolated calcineurin inhibitor immunosuppression on the new-onset chronic rejection development and mortality 12 months after lung transplantation. Three controlled randomized clinical trials (SHITRIT, NOCTET, and 4EVERLUNG) were selected from electronic databases. RESULTS Meta-analysis of the data at 12 months postintervention showed that only 4EVERLUNG assessed chronic graft rejection, with a higher incidence in the control group; however, the difference was not statistically significant (P = .197). Significant data were related to an increase in the number of adverse events (P = .0064) and improved renal function (P < .0001) in the mTOR inhibitor-based scheme. The other outcomes indicated a trend toward greater risk of death and acute graft rejection with the use of mTORs. CONCLUSIONS The researchers suggest considering the use of mTOR inhibitors, whose greatest benefit is felt by patients with renal dysfunction, in association with the use of calcineurin inhibitors, because of the imminent risk of death among patients with renal failure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Puri Girones
- Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, Valencia, Spain
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6
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Patrucco F, Allara E, Boffini M, Rinaldi M, Costa C, Albera C, Solidoro P. Twelve-month effects of everolimus on renal and lung function in lung transplantation: differences in chronic lung allograft dysfunction phenotypes. Ther Adv Chronic Dis 2021; 12:2040622321993441. [PMID: 33717427 PMCID: PMC7925948 DOI: 10.1177/2040622321993441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD), a complication affecting the survival of lung transplanted patients, includes two clinical phenotypes: bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) and restrictive allograft syndrome (RAS). Everolimus is used in CLAD because of its antiproliferative mechanism. In lung transplant patients treated with everolimus, the clinical course of renal and lung function has not yet been assessed systematically in CLAD, BOS and RAS patients for more than 6 months. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated the 12-month follow-up of renal and lung function of lung-transplanted patients switched to everolimus and evaluated the reduction in immunosuppressant dosage (ISD) and mortality. Subgroups were based on indication for everolimus treatment: CLAD and non-CLAD patients, BOS and RAS among CLAD patients. Results: We included 26 patients, 17 with CLAD (10 BOS, seven RAS). After 1 year from the everolimus switch, we observed renal function improvement (serum creatinine −17%, estimated glomerular filtration rate +24%) and stable pulmonary function [forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) −0.5%, forced vital capacity (FVC) +0.05%]. RAS patients had progressive functional loss, whereas BOS patients had FEV1 improvement and FVC stability. All-cause mortality was higher in the CLAD versus non-CLAD group (41% versus 11%), without differences between BOS and RAS patients (p > 0.05). All patients had significant and persistent ISD reduction. Conclusion: Lung transplant patients treated with everolimus had improvements in renal function and reduced ISD. We observed sustained improvements in lung function for CLAD related to BOS subgroup results, whereas RAS confirmed the 1-year worsening functional trend. Data seem to suggest one more piece of the puzzle in CLAD phenotyping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Patrucco
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Cardiovascular and Thoracic Department, University of Turin, Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, C.so Bramante 88/90, 10100 Torino, Italy
| | - Elias Allara
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Massimo Boffini
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Cardiovascular and Thoracic Department, University of Turin, Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Mauro Rinaldi
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Cardiovascular and Thoracic Department, University of Turin, Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Cristina Costa
- Division of Virology, Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Carlo Albera
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Medical Sciences Department University of Turin and Cardiovascular and Thoracic Department, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Paolo Solidoro
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Medical Sciences Department University of Turin and Cardiovascular and Thoracic Department, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy
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7
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Arjuna A, Olson MT, Walia R, Bremner RM, Smith MA, Mohanakumar T. An update on current treatment strategies for managing bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome after lung transplantation. Expert Rev Respir Med 2020; 15:339-350. [PMID: 33054424 DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2021.1835475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS), a subtype of chronic lung allograft dysfunction, is quite common, with up to half of all lung recipients developing BOS within 5 years of transplantation. Preventive efforts are aimed at alleviating known risk factors of BOS development, while the primary goal of treatment is to delay the irreversible, fibrotic airway changes, and progressive loss of lung function. AREAS COVERED This narrative review will briefly discuss the updated definition, clinical presentation, pathogenesis, risk factors, and survival after BOS while paying particular attention to the salient evidence for optimal preventive strategies and treatments based on investigations in the modern era. EXPERT OPINION Future translational research focused on further characterizing the complex interplay between immune and nonimmune mechanisms mediating chronic lung rejection is the first step toward mitigating risk of allograft injury, improving early disease detection with noninvasive biomarkers, and ultimately, developing an effective, targeted therapy that can extend the life of the lung allograft.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwini Arjuna
- St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Norton Thoracic Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Michael T Olson
- St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Norton Thoracic Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA.,Phoenix Campus, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Rajat Walia
- St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Norton Thoracic Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Ross M Bremner
- St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Norton Thoracic Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Michael A Smith
- St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Norton Thoracic Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
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8
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Abstract
Lung transplantation is a viable option for those with end-stage lung disease which is evidenced by the continued increase in the number of lung transplantations worldwide. However, patients and clinicians are constantly faced with acute and chronic rejection, infectious complications, drug toxicities, and malignancies throughout the lifetime of the lung transplant recipient. Conventional maintenance immunosuppression therapy consisting of a calcineurin inhibitor (CNI), anti-metabolite, and corticosteroids have become the standard regimen but newer agents and modalities continue to be developed. Here we will review induction agents, maintenance immunosuppressives, adjunctive therapies and other strategies to improve long-term outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Chung
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Loyola University Chicago, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Daniel F Dilling
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Loyola University Chicago, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL, USA
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9
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Parker WF, Bag R. Chronic Lung Allograft Dysfunction. CURRENT PULMONOLOGY REPORTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13665-018-0208-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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10
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Schwarz S, Jaksch P, Klepetko W, Hoetzenecker K. Immunosuppression after lung transplantation: the search for the holy grail continues. J Thorac Dis 2017; 9:1412-1414. [PMID: 28740645 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2017.04.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Schwarz
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Jaksch
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Walter Klepetko
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Konrad Hoetzenecker
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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11
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Recent Advances in Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Inhibitor Use in Heart and Lung Transplantation. Transplantation 2016; 100:2558-2568. [DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000001432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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12
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Scheffert JL, Raza K. Immunosuppression in lung transplantation. J Thorac Dis 2014; 6:1039-53. [PMID: 25132971 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2014.04.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Lung transplantation can be a life-saving procedure for those with end-stage lung diseases. Unfortunately, long term graft and patient survival are limited by both acute and chronic allograft rejection, with a median survival of just over 6 years. Immunosuppressive regimens are employed to reduce the rate of rejection, and while protocols vary from center to center, conventional maintenance therapy consists of triple drug therapy with a calcineurin inhibitor (cyclosporine or tacrolimus), antiproliferative agents [azathioprine (AZA), mycophenolate, sirolimus (srl), everolimus (evl)], and corticosteroids (CS). Roughly 50% of lung transplant centers also utilize induction therapy, with polyclonal antibody preparations [equine or rabbit anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG)], interleukin 2 receptor antagonists (IL2RAs) (daclizumab or basiliximab), or alemtuzumab. This review summarizes these agents and the data surrounding their use in lung transplantation, as well as additional common and novel therapies in lung transplantation. Despite the progression of the management of lung transplant recipients, they continue to be at high risk of treatment-related complications, and poor graft and patient survival. Randomized clinical trials are needed to allow for the development of better agents, regimens and techniques to address above mentioned issues and reduce morbidity and mortality among lung transplant recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna L Scheffert
- 1 NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital/Columbia University Medical Center, Department of Pharmacy, USA ; 2 Lung Transplant Program, Department of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, USA
| | - Kashif Raza
- 1 NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital/Columbia University Medical Center, Department of Pharmacy, USA ; 2 Lung Transplant Program, Department of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, USA
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13
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Schneer S, Kramer MR, Fox B, Rusanov V, Fruchter O, Rosengarten D, Bakal I, Medalion B, Raviv Y. Renal function preservation with the mTOR inhibitor, Everolimus, after lung transplant. Clin Transplant 2014; 28:662-8. [DOI: 10.1111/ctr.12353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Schneer
- Rabin Medical Center; Pulmonary Institute; Petach Tikva Israel
| | | | - Benjamin Fox
- Rabin Medical Center; Pulmonary Institute; Petach Tikva Israel
| | | | - Oren Fruchter
- Rabin Medical Center; Pulmonary Institute; Petach Tikva Israel
| | | | - Ilana Bakal
- Rabin Medical Center; Pulmonary Institute; Petach Tikva Israel
| | | | - Yael Raviv
- Rabin Medical Center; Pulmonary Institute; Petach Tikva Israel
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14
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Gharbi C, Gueutin V, Izzedine H. Oedema, solid organ transplantation and mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor/proliferation signal inhibitors (mTOR-I/PSIs). Clin Kidney J 2014; 7:115-20. [PMID: 25852858 PMCID: PMC4377777 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfu001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor (mTOR-I)/proliferation signal inhibitors (PSI) including sirolimus and everolimus represent a new class of drugs increasingly used in solid-organ transplantation as alternatives to calcineurin inhibitors for patients with renal dysfunction, transplant coronary arterial vasculopathy or malignancy. The most frequently occurring mTOR-I/PSI-related adverse events are similar to those associated with other immunosuppressive therapies, but some side effects are more characteristic of proliferation signal inhibitors (e.g. lymphocele, arthralgia, oedema and hyperlipidaemia). The present paper review incidence, clinical presentation and mechanism of oedema within the clinical experience of mTOR-I/PSI in solid organ transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chems Gharbi
- Department of Nephrology , Pitié Salpetriere Hospital , Paris , France
| | - Victor Gueutin
- Department of Nephrology , Pitié Salpetriere Hospital , Paris , France
| | - Hassan Izzedine
- Department of Nephrology , Pitié Salpetriere Hospital , Paris , France
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15
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Preidl RHM, Eckl S, Ramsperger-Gleixner M, Koch N, Spriewald BM, Weyand M, Ensminger SM. Clopidogrel reduces post-transplant obliterative bronchiolitis. Transpl Int 2013; 26:1038-48. [DOI: 10.1111/tri.12163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2013] [Revised: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raimund H. M. Preidl
- Department of Cardiac Surgery; Friedrich-Alexander University; Erlangen-Nürnberg Germany
| | - Sebastian Eckl
- Department of Cardiac Surgery; Friedrich-Alexander University; Erlangen-Nürnberg Germany
| | | | - Nina Koch
- Department of Cardiac Surgery; Friedrich-Alexander University; Erlangen-Nürnberg Germany
| | - Bernd M. Spriewald
- Department of Internal Medicine 5; Hematology/Oncology and Institute of Clinical Immunology; Friedrich-Alexander University; Erlangen-Nürnberg Germany
| | - Michael Weyand
- Department of Cardiac Surgery; Friedrich-Alexander University; Erlangen-Nürnberg Germany
| | - Stephan M. Ensminger
- Department of Cardiac Surgery; Friedrich-Alexander University; Erlangen-Nürnberg Germany
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16
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de Pablo A, Santos F, Solé A, Borro JM, Cifrian JM, Laporta R, Monforte V, Román A, de la Torre M, Ussetti P, Zurbano F. Recommendations on the use of everolimus in lung transplantation. Transplant Rev (Orlando) 2012; 27:9-16. [PMID: 23276646 DOI: 10.1016/j.trre.2012.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2012] [Accepted: 11/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The antiproliferative effect of everolimus provides a therapeutic option in the immunosuppression therapy of lung transplantation, by reducing both the risk of acute rejection and the process of progressive fibrosis that determines chronic graft rejection. However, few data on the use of everolimus in lung transplantation have been published to date, and the specific indications of the drug, along with the most adequate time for its introduction or dosing, have not been defined yet. The aim of this article is to propose recommendations for the use of everolimus in lung transplant recipients, including indications, dosing schedules and the use of concomitant immunosuppression. This consensus document has been developed by experts of all the Spanish lung transplant groups from the review of the existing literature and the clinical experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- A de Pablo
- University Hospital, Doce de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.
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17
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Ensor CR, Doligalski CT. Proliferation signal inhibitor toxicities after thoracic transplantation. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2012; 9:63-77. [DOI: 10.1517/17425255.2012.726219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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