1
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Lai J, Shan H, Cui S, Xiao L, Huang X, Xiao Y. Bioinformatics analysis reveals CCR7 as a potential biomarker for predicting CKD progression. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e33705. [PMID: 39058890 PMCID: PMC11272288 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000033705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) inevitably progresses to end-stage renal disease if intervention does not occur timely. However, there are limitations in predicting the progression of CKD by solely relying on changes in renal function. A biomarker with high sensitivity and specificity that can predict CKD progression early is required. We used the online Gene Expression Omnibus microarray dataset GSE45980 to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in patients with progressive and stable CKD. We then performed functional enrichment and protein-protein interaction network analysis on DEGs and identified key genes. Finally, the expression patterns of key genes were verified using the GSE60860 dataset, and the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed to clarify their predictive ability of progressive CKD. Ultimately, we verified the expression profiles of these hub genes in an in vitro renal interstitial fibrosis model by real-time PCR and western blot analysis. Differential expression analysis identified 50 upregulated genes and 47 downregulated genes. The results of the functional enrichment analysis revealed that upregulated DEGs were mainly enriched in immune response, inflammatory response, and NF-κB signaling pathways, whereas downregulated DEGs were mainly related to angiogenesis and the extracellular environment. Protein-protein interaction network and key gene analysis identified CCR7 as the most important gene. CCR7 mainly plays a role in immune response, and its only receptors, CCL19 and CCL21, have also been identified as DEGs. The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis of CCR7, CCL19, and CCL21 found that CCR7 and CCL19 present good disease prediction ability. CCR7 may be a stable biomarker for predicting CKD progression, and the CCR7-CCL19/CCL21 axis may be a therapeutic target for end-stage renal disease. However, further experiments are needed to explore the relationship between these genes and CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junju Lai
- Division of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Division of Urology Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Division of Nephrology, Dongguan People’s Hospital, Dongguan, China
| | - Huizhi Shan
- Division of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Division of Urology Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sini Cui
- Division of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lingfeng Xiao
- Division of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaowen Huang
- Division of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yun Xiao
- Division of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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2
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Wang P, Li C, Peng T, Ruan L, Wu A, Zhu J, Shi W, Chen M, Zhang T. Tolerogenic CD11c +dendritic cells regulate CD4 +Tregs in replacing delayed ischemic preconditioning to alleviate ischemia-reperfusion acute kidney injury. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23575. [PMID: 38530256 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202302299rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is one of the primary clinical causes of acute kidney injury (AKI). The key to IRI lies in immune-inflammatory damage, where dendritic cells (DCs) play a central role in eliciting immune responses within the context of inflammation induced by ischemia-reperfusion. Our previous study has confirmed that delayed ischemic preconditioning (DIPC) can reduce the kidney injury by mediating DCs to regulate T-cells. However, the clinical feasibility of DIPC is limited, as pre-clamping of the renal artery is not applicable for the prevention and treatment of ischemia-reperfusion acute kidney injury (I/R-AKI) in clinical patients. Therefore, the infusion of DCs as a substitute for DIPC presents a more viable strategy for preventing renal IRI. In this study, we further evaluated the impact and mechanism of infused tolerogenic CD11c+DCs on the kidneys following IRI by isolating bone marrow-derived dendritic cells and establishing an I/R-AKI model after pre-infusion of DCs. Renal function was significantly improved in the I/R-AKI mouse model after pre-infused with CD11c+DCs. The pro-inflammatory response and oxidative damage were reduced, and the levels of T helper 2 (Th2) cells and related anti-inflammatory cytokines were increased, which was associated with the reduction of autologous DCs maturation mediated by CD11c+DCs and the increase of regulatory T-cells (Tregs). Next, knocking out CD11c+DCs, we found that the reduced immune protection of tolerogenic CD11c+DCs reinfusion was related to the absence of own DCs. Together, pre-infusion of tolerogenic CD11c+DCs can replace the regulatory of DIPC on DCs and T-cells to alleviate I/R-AKI. DC vaccine is expected to be a novel avenue to prevent and treat I/R-AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingping Wang
- Department of Nephrology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Chunyao Li
- Department of Nephrology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Tao Peng
- Department of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Longzhu Ruan
- Department of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Aijie Wu
- Department of Nephrology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Jiaojiao Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Wenlu Shi
- Department of Nephrology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Menghua Chen
- Department of Nephrology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
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3
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Jafree DJ, Long DA. Beyond a Passive Conduit: Implications of Lymphatic Biology for Kidney Diseases. J Am Soc Nephrol 2020; 31:1178-1190. [PMID: 32295825 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2019121320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The kidney contains a network of lymphatic vessels that clear fluid, small molecules, and cells from the renal interstitium. Through modulating immune responses and via crosstalk with surrounding renal cells, lymphatic vessels have been implicated in the progression and maintenance of kidney disease. In this Review, we provide an overview of the development, structure, and function of lymphatic vessels in the healthy adult kidney. We then highlight the contributions of lymphatic vessels to multiple forms of renal pathology, emphasizing CKD, transplant rejection, and polycystic kidney disease and discuss strategies to target renal lymphatics using genetic and pharmacologic approaches. Overall, we argue the case for lymphatics playing a fundamental role in renal physiology and pathology and treatments modulating these vessels having therapeutic potential across the spectrum of kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniyal J Jafree
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,MB/PhD Programme, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - David A Long
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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4
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Xu X, Han Y, Huang H, Bi L, Kong X, Ma X, Shi B, Xiao L. Circulating NK cell subsets and NKT‑like cells in renal transplant recipients with acute T‑cell‑mediated renal allograft rejection. Mol Med Rep 2019; 19:4238-4248. [PMID: 30942398 PMCID: PMC6471129 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates that natural killer (NK) cells and NKT-like cells may affect allograft outcomes following solid organ transplantation. However, the roles of these cells in allograft acceptance and dysfunction are controversial. To assess the changes in NK cell and CD3+CD56+ NKT-like cell frequency and phenotype in renal allograft recipients and to explore their associations with acute T-cell-mediated renal allograft rejection (ACR), longitudinal changes in NK and NKT-like cell frequency and phenotype were characterized using flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry in the peripheral blood and kidney allograft tissues in 142 recipients undergoing kidney transplantation. The serum concentrations of NK cell-associated cytokines were also detected by cytokine multiplex immunoassay. In contrast to the healthy controls, recipients with stable graft function exhibited increased proportions of CD56brightCD16dim subsets and decreased proportions of NKT-like cells in their peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Patients with ACR demonstrated increased proportions of NK cells, which were associated with increased CD3−CD56bright subsets and decreased CD3−CD56dim subsets, an increase in the CD56bright/CD56dim ratio in PBMCs and increased CD56+ NK cell infiltration in the kidney allograft, compared with the stable controls. In addition, there was a decreased proportion of NKT-like cells in patients with ACR, and an increased ratio of CD56bright/NKT-like cells compared with the stable controls. These differences appeared to be consistent with the increase in the serum concentrations of C-C motif chemokine 19 and the decrease in the serum concentrations of interleukin-15. These data indicate that CD56bright NK cells may promote the development of ACR, and that NKT-like cells may have immunoregulatory function. The results also imply that the CD56bright/CD56dim ratio may affect the ACR signatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoguang Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Organ Transplant and Immune Regulation, Transplant Research Laboratory of Organ Transplantation Institute, The 309th Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100091, P.R. China
| | - Yong Han
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Organ Transplant and Immune Regulation, Transplant Research Laboratory of Organ Transplantation Institute, The 309th Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100091, P.R. China
| | - Haiyan Huang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Organ Transplant and Immune Regulation, Transplant Research Laboratory of Organ Transplantation Institute, The 309th Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100091, P.R. China
| | - Lili Bi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Organ Transplant and Immune Regulation, Transplant Research Laboratory of Organ Transplantation Institute, The 309th Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100091, P.R. China
| | - Xiangrui Kong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Organ Transplant and Immune Regulation, Transplant Research Laboratory of Organ Transplantation Institute, The 309th Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100091, P.R. China
| | - Xihui Ma
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Organ Transplant and Immune Regulation, Transplant Research Laboratory of Organ Transplantation Institute, The 309th Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100091, P.R. China
| | - Bingyi Shi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Organ Transplant and Immune Regulation, Transplant Research Laboratory of Organ Transplantation Institute, The 309th Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100091, P.R. China
| | - Li Xiao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Organ Transplant and Immune Regulation, Transplant Research Laboratory of Organ Transplantation Institute, The 309th Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100091, P.R. China
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5
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Renal Interstitial Lymphangiogenesis in Renal Fibrosis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1165:543-555. [PMID: 31399984 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-8871-2_27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The basic physiological functions of the lymphatic system include absorption of water and macromolecular substances in the interstitial fluid to maintain the fluid homeostasis, promoting the intestinal absorption of nutrients such as lipids and vitamins from food. Recent studies have found that lymphangiogenesis is associated with some pathological conditions, such as tumor metastasis, injury repair, and chronic inflammation. For a long time, the study of lymphatic vessels (LVs) has been stagnant because of the lack of lymphatic-specific cytology and molecular markers. Renal interstitial lymphangiogenesis is found in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and a series of animal models of renal fibrosis. Intervention of the formation or maturation of LVs in renal tissue of CKD may reduce the drainage of inflammatory cells, attenuate chronic inflammation, delay the progression of renal fibrosis, and improve renal function. This review will summarize the latest findings on renal interstitial lymphangiogenesis in CKD.
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6
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Zahran A, Attia A, Mansell H, Shoker A. Contribution of diminished kidney transplant GFR to increased circulating chemokine ligand 27 level. JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION-LONDON 2018; 15:18. [PMID: 30214382 PMCID: PMC6131940 DOI: 10.1186/s12950-018-0194-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background Inflammatory chemokine ligands (CCLs) play an important role in cardiovascular disease and allograft injury. CCLs may independently associate with diminished estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in stable renal transplant recipients (RTR). Methods Plasma levels of 19 CCLs (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 11, 13, 15, 17, 21, 24, 26, 27, CXCL5, 8, 10, 12 and 13) were measured in a cohort of 101 RTR. The cohort was divided according to CKD-EPI equation into three groups; group 1: eGFR ≥ 60 ml/min, group 2: eGFR 30–59.9 ml/min and group 3 eGFR ≤ 29.9 ml/min. ANOVA, Krusklwallis, Mann- Whitney Spearman correlation and regression analysis tests were used to determine association between reduced eGFR and inflammatory CCLs plasma levels measured by multiplex techniques. 20 healthy subjects with eGFR above 90 ml/min were included as control. Significance was sat at < 0.05. Results Levels of CCLs 1, 4, 15, 27, CXCL8 and CXCL10 were significantly different among the four studied groups. Multivariate regression analysis (MVA) between eGFR and all CCLs demonstrated that CCL27 was the only ligand to remain significantly associated with diminished eGFR {P = 0.021 and r = − 0.35,(P = 0.001)}. In a second MVA between CCL 27 and patient’s demographics and laboratory variables, diminished eGFR, and elevated PTH, out of the twenty one available variables remained significantly associated with elevated CCL27levels. Conclusion Diminished eGFR in stable RTR is associated with elevated plasma levels of CCL27. This association may explain, at least in part, the independent contribution of reduced eGFR to enhanced inflammation in RTR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Zahran
- 1Nephrology Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Menoufia, Shibin El Kom, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Attia
- 2National Liver Institute, University of Menoufia, Shibin El Kom, Egypt
| | - Holly Mansell
- 3College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK Canada
| | - Ahmed Shoker
- 4Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK Canada.,5Saskatchewan Transplant Program, St Paul's Hospital, 1702- 20th Street West, Saskatoon, SK S7M 0Z9 Canada
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7
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Ling L, Chen L, Zhang C, Gui S, Zhao H, Li Z. High glucose induces podocyte epithelial‑to‑mesenchymal transition by demethylation‑mediated enhancement of MMP9 expression. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:5642-5651. [PMID: 29436620 PMCID: PMC5866005 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormal expression of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) is correlated with podocyte epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in diabetic nephropathy (DN). However, the mechanisms underlying this process are not well defined. Site-specific demethylation may sustain high expression levels of target genes. In the present study, in order to investigate the association between DNA demethylation of MMP9 promoter and podocyte EMT in DN, human podocytes were cultured in high-glucose (HG) medium and a rat model of DN was established by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) to determine whether site-specific demethylation of the MMP9 promoter was involved in regulating podocyte EMT in DN. The MTT assay was used to assess the effects of HG culture on the growth of podocytes, and the demethylation status of the MMP9 promoter was assessed by bisulfite sequencing polymerase chain reaction. mRNA and protein expression levels of MMP9, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), podocalyxin and fibronectin-1 in podocytes were assessed by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and western blot analyses. The results demonstrated that HG treatment up regulated the expression of MMP9, α-SMA and fibronectin-1, but down regulated the expression of podocalyxin in podocytes. The MMP9 promoter region was revealed to contain a variety of demethylated CpG sites, and HG treatment reduced the rate of MMP9 promotermethylation, which, in turn, enhanced its promoter activity. In summary, these data suggested that demethylation of the MMP9 promoter may serve an important role in podocyte EMT in DN. The demethylation status of the MMP9 promoter maybe used as an important prognostic marker of DN in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ling
- Department of Endocrinology, Guangdong Medical College Affiliated Shenzhen Nanshan Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518052, P.R. China
| | - Libo Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Guangdong Medical College Affiliated Shenzhen Nanshan Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518052, P.R. China
| | - Changning Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Guangdong Medical College Affiliated Shenzhen Nanshan Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518052, P.R. China
| | - Shuyan Gui
- Department of Endocrinology, Guangdong Medical College Affiliated Shenzhen Nanshan Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518052, P.R. China
| | - Haiyan Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Guangdong Medical College Affiliated Shenzhen Nanshan Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518052, P.R. China
| | - Zhengzhang Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Guangdong Medical College Affiliated Shenzhen Nanshan Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518052, P.R. China
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8
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Kühne L, Jung B, Poth H, Schuster A, Wurm S, Ruemmele P, Banas B, Bergler T. Renal allograft rejection, lymphocyte infiltration, and de novo donor-specific antibodies in a novel model of non-adherence to immunosuppressive therapy. BMC Immunol 2017; 18:52. [PMID: 29258420 PMCID: PMC5735914 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-017-0236-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Non-adherence has been associated with reduced graft survival. The aim of this study was to investigate the immunological mechanisms underlying chronic renal allograft rejection using a model of non-adherence to immunosuppressive therapy. We used a MHC (major histocompatibility complex) -mismatched rat model of renal transplantation (Brown Norway to Lewis), in which rats received daily oral cyclosporine A. In analogy to non-adherence to therapy, one group received cyclosporine A on alternating days only. Rejection was histologically graded according to the Banff classification. We quantified fibrosis by trichrome staining and intra-graft infiltration of T cells, B cells, and monocytes/macrophages by immunohistochemistry. The distribution of B lymphocytes was assessed using immunofluorescence microscopy. Intra-graft chemokine, chemokine receptor, BAFF (B cell activating factor belonging to the TNF family), and immunoglobulin G transcription levels were analysed by RT-PCR. Finally, we evaluated donor-specific antibodies (DSA) and complement-dependent cytotoxicity using flow cytometry. Results After 28 days, cellular rejection occurred during non-adherence in 5/6 animals, mixed with humoral rejection in 3/6 animals. After non-adherence, the number of T lymphocytes were elevated compared to daily immunosuppression. Monocyte numbers declined over time. Accordingly, lymphocyte chemokine transcription was significantly increased in the graft, as was the transcription of BAFF, BAFF receptor, and Immunoglobulin G. Donor specific antibodies were elevated in non-adherence, but did not induce complement-dependent cytotoxicity. Conclusion Cellular and humoral rejection, lymphocyte infiltration, and de novo DSA are induced in this model of non-adherence. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi: 10.1186/s12865-017-0236-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louisa Kühne
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß Allee 11, D-93053, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Bettina Jung
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß Allee 11, D-93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Helen Poth
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß Allee 11, D-93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Antonia Schuster
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß Allee 11, D-93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Simone Wurm
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß Allee 11, D-93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Petra Ruemmele
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Bernhard Banas
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß Allee 11, D-93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Bergler
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß Allee 11, D-93053, Regensburg, Germany
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9
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Valiño-Rivas L, Gonzalez-Lafuente L, Sanz AB, Ruiz-Ortega M, Ortiz A, Sanchez-Niño MD. Non-canonical NFκB activation promotes chemokine expression in podocytes. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28857. [PMID: 27353019 PMCID: PMC4926283 DOI: 10.1038/srep28857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
TNF-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) receptor Fn14 is expressed by podocytes and Fn14 deficiency protects from experimental proteinuric kidney disease. However, the downstream effectors of TWEAK/Fn14 in podocytes are poorly characterized. We have explored TWEAK activation of non-canonical NFκB signaling in cultured podocytes. In cultured podocytes, TWEAK increased the expression of the chemokines CCL21, CCL19 and RANTES in a time-dependent manner. The inhibitor of canonical NFκB activation parthenolide inhibited the CCL19 and the early RANTES responses, but not the CCL21 or late RANTES responses. In this regard, TWEAK induced non-canonical NFκB activation in podocytes, characterized by NFκB2/p100 processing to NFκB2/p52 and nuclear migration of RelB/p52. Silencing by a specific siRNA of NIK, the upstream kinase of the non-canonical NFκB pathway, prevented CCL21 upregulation but did not modulate CCL19 or RANTES expression in response to TWEAK, thus establishing CCL21 as a non-canonical NFκB target in podocytes. Increased kidney Fn14 and CCL21 expression was also observed in rat proteinuric kidney disease induced by puromycin, and was localized to podocytes. In conclusion, TWEAK activates the non-canonical NFκB pathway in podocytes, leading to upregulation of CCL21 expression. The non-canonical NFκB pathway should be explored as a potential therapeutic target in proteinuric kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Valiño-Rivas
- IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid and Fundación Renal Iñigo Alvarez de Toledo-IRSIN, Madrid, Spain.,REDINREN, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Gonzalez-Lafuente
- IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid and Fundación Renal Iñigo Alvarez de Toledo-IRSIN, Madrid, Spain.,REDINREN, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana B Sanz
- IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid and Fundación Renal Iñigo Alvarez de Toledo-IRSIN, Madrid, Spain.,REDINREN, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Ruiz-Ortega
- IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid and Fundación Renal Iñigo Alvarez de Toledo-IRSIN, Madrid, Spain.,REDINREN, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Ortiz
- IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid and Fundación Renal Iñigo Alvarez de Toledo-IRSIN, Madrid, Spain.,REDINREN, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria D Sanchez-Niño
- IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid and Fundación Renal Iñigo Alvarez de Toledo-IRSIN, Madrid, Spain.,REDINREN, Madrid, Spain
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10
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Boor P, Floege J. Renal allograft fibrosis: biology and therapeutic targets. Am J Transplant 2015; 15:863-86. [PMID: 25691290 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.13180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Revised: 11/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis is the final common pathway of progressive renal diseases. In allografts, it is assessed with tubular atrophy as interstitial fibrosis/tubular atrophy (IF/TA). IF/TA occurs in about 40% of kidney allografts at 3-6 months after transplantation, increasing to 65% at 2 years. The origin of renal fibrosis in the allograft is complex and includes donor-related factors, in particular in case of expanded criteria donors, ischemia-reperfusion injury, immune-mediated damage, recurrence of underlying diseases, hypertensive damage, nephrotoxicity of immunosuppressants, recurrent graft infections, postrenal obstruction, etc. Based largely on studies in the non-transplant setting, there is a large body of literature on the role of different cell types, be it intrinsic to the kidney or bone marrow derived, in mediating renal fibrosis, and the number of mediator systems contributing to fibrotic changes is growing steadily. Here we review the most important cellular processes and mediators involved in the progress of renal fibrosis, with a focus on the allograft situation, and discuss some of the challenges in translating experimental insights into clinical trials, in particular fibrosis biomarkers or imaging modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Boor
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, RWTH University of Aachen, Aachen, Germany; Department of Pathology, RWTH University of Aachen, Aachen, Germany; Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Bratislava, Slovakia
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11
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Li X, Zhuang S. Recent advances in renal interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy after kidney transplantation. FIBROGENESIS & TISSUE REPAIR 2014; 7:15. [PMID: 25285155 PMCID: PMC4185272 DOI: 10.1186/1755-1536-7-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Although kidney transplantation has been an important means for the treatment of patients with end stage of renal disease, the long-term survival rate of the renal allograft remains a challenge. The cause of late renal allograft loss, once known as chronic allograft nephropathy, has been renamed “interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy” (IF/TA) to reflect the histologic pattern seen on biopsy. The mechanisms leading to IF/TA in the transplanted kidney include inflammation, activation of renal fibroblasts, and deposition of extracellular matrix proteins. Identifying the mediators and factors that trigger IF/TA may be useful in early diagnosis and development of novel therapeutic strategies for improving long-term renal allograft survival and patient outcomes. In this review, we highlight the recent advances in our understanding of IF/TA from three aspects: pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Li
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Shougang Zhuang
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai, China ; Department of Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Middle House 301, 593 Eddy Street, Providence, RI 02903, USA
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