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Simulated Microgravity Inhibits the Proliferation of Chang Liver Cells by Attenuation of the Major Cell Cycle Regulators and Cytoskeletal Proteins. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094550. [PMID: 33925309 PMCID: PMC8123698 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Simulated microgravity (SMG) induced the changes in cell proliferation and cytoskeleton organization, which plays an important factor in various cellular processes. The inhibition in cell cycle progression has been considered to be one of the main causes of proliferation inhibition in cells under SMG, but their mechanisms are still not fully understood. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of SMG on the proliferative ability and cytoskeleton changes of Chang Liver Cells (CCL-13). CCL-13 cells were induced SMG by 3D clinostat for 72 h, while the control group were treated in normal gravity at the same time. The results showed that SMG reduced CCL-13 cell proliferation by an increase in the number of CCL-13 cells in G0/G1 phase. This cell cycle phase arrest of CCL-13 cells was due to a downregulation of cell cycle-related proteins, such as cyclin A1 and A2, cyclin D1, and cyclin-dependent kinase 6 (Cdk6). SMG-exposed CCL-13 cells also exhibited a downregulation of α-tubulin 3 and β-actin which induced the cytoskeleton reorganization. These results suggested that the inhibited proliferation of SMG-exposed CCL-13 cells could be associate with the attenuation of major cell cycle regulators and main cytoskeletal proteins.
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Ding W, Cao C, Gao Y, Zhou X, Lai Y. Inhibition of CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 expression by scutellarin is not mediated via the regulation of hsa-miR-27a, 27b, 148a, 298 and 451a levels. Xenobiotica 2018; 50:1267-1274. [PMID: 30501535 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2018.1555344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
1. Scutellarin is a flavonoid glycoside widely used in the treatment of cardio-cerebrovascular diseases in China. In this study, we investigated the effect of scutellarin on cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) and CYP3A5 expression. Furthermore, we studied the expression of hsa-miR-27a, hsa-miR-27b, hsa-miR-148a, hsa-miR-298 and hsa-miR-451a in humans to determine whether scutellarin regulated CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 expression by altering levels of those micro-ribonucleic acids (miRNAs). 2. In vitro CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 expression was measured in Chang liver cells via quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and western blot. In vivo CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 expression was evaluated through the metabolism of their substrate midazolam (MID), and detected via ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The relative miRNA levels in the plasma of study participants were investigated via qPCR. 3. Results showed that scutellarin significantly inhibited the CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 expression both in vitro and in vivo. However, the levels of hsa-miR-27a, hsa-miR-27b, hsa-miR-148a, hsa-miR-298 and hsa-miR-451a in scutellarin group did not show significant changes when compared with those of the placebo group (p > 0.05), suggesting that the expression of these miRNAs is not relevant to the scutellarin-induced down-regulation of CYP3A4 and CYP3A5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyao Ding
- Institute of Pharmacy and Chemistry, Dali University, Yunnan, China
| | - Change Cao
- Institute of Pharmacy and Chemistry, Dali University, Yunnan, China.,Central Laboratory, Qujing hospital of traditional Chinese medicine, Yunnan, China
| | - Yangyang Gao
- Institute of Pharmacy and Chemistry, Dali University, Yunnan, China
| | - Xuan Zhou
- Institute of Pharmacy and Chemistry, Dali University, Yunnan, China
| | - Yong Lai
- Institute of Pharmacy and Chemistry, Dali University, Yunnan, China.,Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Entomological Biopharmaceutical R&D, Yunnan, China
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Choi H, Jin UH, Kang SK, Abekura F, Park JY, Kwon KM, Suh SJ, Cho SH, Ha KT, Lee YC, Chung TW, Kim CH. Monosialyl Ganglioside GM3 Decreases Apolipoprotein B-100 Secretion in Liver Cells. J Cell Biochem 2017; 118:2168-2181. [PMID: 28019668 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Some sialic acid-containing glycolipids are known to regulate development of atherosclerosis with accumulated plasma apolipoprotein B-100 (Apo-B)-containing lipoproteins, because Apo-B as an atherogenic apolipoprotein is assembled mainly in VLDL and LDL. Previously, we have elucidated that disialyl GD3 promotes the microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) gene expression and secretion of triglyceride (TG)-assembled ApoB, claiming the GD3 role in ApoB lipoprotein secretion in liver cells. In the synthetic pathway of gangliosides, GD3 is synthesized by addition of a sialic acid residue to GM3. Thus, there should be some regulatory links between GM3 and GD3. In this study, exogenous and endogenous monosialyl GM3 has been examined how GM3 plays a role in ApoB secretion in Chang liver cells in a view point of MTP and ApoB degradation in the same cells. The level of GM3 ganglioside in the GM3 synthase gene-transfected cells was increased in the cell extract, but not in the medium. In addition, GM3 synthase gene-transfected cells showed a diminished secretion of TG-enriched ApoB with a lower content of TG in the medium. Exogenous GM3 treatment for 24 h exerted a dose dependent inhibitory effect on ApoB secretion together with TG, while a liver-specific albumin was unchanged, indicating that GM3 effect is limited to ApoB secretion. GM3 decreased the mRNA level of MTP gene, too. ApoB protein assembly dysregulated by GM3 indicates the impaired ApoB secretion is caused by a proteasome-dependent pathway. Treatment with small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) decreased ApoB secretion, but GM3-specific antibody did not. These results indicate that plasma membrane associated GM3 inhibits ApoB secretion, lowers development of atherosclerosis by decreasing the secretion of TG-enriched ApoB containing lipoproteins, suggesting that GM3 is an inhibitor of ApoB and TG secretion in liver cells. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 2168-2181, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunju Choi
- Molecular and Cellular Glycobiology Unit, Department of Biological Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Kyunggi-Do 440-746, Korea
| | - Un-Ho Jin
- Molecular and Cellular Glycobiology Unit, Department of Biological Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Kyunggi-Do 440-746, Korea
| | - Sung-Koo Kang
- Molecular and Cellular Glycobiology Unit, Department of Biological Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Kyunggi-Do 440-746, Korea
| | - Fukushi Abekura
- Molecular and Cellular Glycobiology Unit, Department of Biological Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Kyunggi-Do 440-746, Korea
| | - Jun-Young Park
- Molecular and Cellular Glycobiology Unit, Department of Biological Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Kyunggi-Do 440-746, Korea
| | - Kyung-Min Kwon
- Molecular and Cellular Glycobiology Unit, Department of Biological Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Kyunggi-Do 440-746, Korea.,Research Institute, Davinch-K Co., Ltd., Geumcheon-gu, Seoul 153-719, Korea
| | - Seok-Jong Suh
- Molecular and Cellular Glycobiology Unit, Department of Biological Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Kyunggi-Do 440-746, Korea
| | - Seung-Hak Cho
- Division of Enteric Diseases, Center for Infectious Diseases Research, Korea National Institute of Health, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju 363-951, Korea
| | - Ki-Tae Ha
- Division of Applied Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan City, Korea
| | - Young-Coon Lee
- Faculty of Medicinal Biotechnology, Dong-A University, Busan 604-714, Korea
| | - Tae-Wook Chung
- Division of Applied Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan City, Korea
| | - Cheorl-Ho Kim
- Molecular and Cellular Glycobiology Unit, Department of Biological Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Kyunggi-Do 440-746, Korea.,Department of Medical Device Management and Research, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Korea
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Preparation and Characterization of Hyaluronic Acid-Polycaprolactone Copolymer Micelles for the Drug Delivery of Radioactive Iodine-131 Labeled Lipiodol. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:4051763. [PMID: 28127555 PMCID: PMC5239969 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4051763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Micelles, with the structure of amphiphilic molecules including a hydrophilic head and a hydrophobic tail, are recently developed as nanocarriers for the delivery of drugs with poor solubility. In addition, micelles have shown many advantages, such as enhanced permeation and retention (EPR) effects, prolonged circulation times, and increased endocytosis through surface modification. In this study, we measured the critical micelle concentrations, diameters, stability, and cytotoxicity and the cell uptake of micelles against hepatic cells with two kinds of hydrophilic materials: PEG-PCL and HA-g-PCL. We used 131I as a radioactive tracer to evaluate the stability, drug delivery, and cell uptake activity of the micelles. The results showed that HA-g-PCL micelles exhibited higher drug encapsulation efficiency and stability in aqueous solutions. In addition, the 131I-lipiodol loaded HA-g-PCL micelles had better affinity and higher cytotoxicity compared to HepG2 cells.
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Han YH, Kim DK, Na TY, Ka NL, Choi HS, Lee MO. RORα switches transcriptional mode of ERRγ that results in transcriptional repression of CYP2E1 under ethanol-exposure. Nucleic Acids Res 2015; 44:1095-104. [PMID: 26464440 PMCID: PMC4756810 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkv1034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) expression is the main cause of oxidative stress, which exacerbates alcoholic liver diseases (ALDs). Estrogen-related receptor gamma (ERRγ) induces CYP2E1 expression and contributes to enhancing alcohol-induced liver injury. Retinoic acid-related orphan receptor alpha (RORα) has antioxidative functions; however, potential cross-talk between ERRγ and RORα in the regulation of CYP2E1 has not been studied. We report that RORα suppressed ERRγ-mediated CYP2E1 expression. A physical interaction of RORα with ERRγ at the ERRγ−response element in the CYP2E1 promoter was critical in this suppression. At this site, coregulator recruitment of ERRγ was switched from coactivator p300 to the nuclear receptor corepressor 1 in the presence of RORα. Cross-talk between ERRγ and RORα was demonstrated in vivo, in that administration of JC1–40, a RORα activator, significantly decreased both CYP2E1 expression and the signs of liver injury in ethanol-fed mice, and this was accompanied by coregulator switching. Thus, this non-classical RORα pathway switched the transcriptional mode of ERRγ, leading to repression of alcohol-induced CYP2E1 expression, and this finding may provide a new therapeutic strategy against ALDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Hyun Han
- From the College of Pharmacy and Bio-MAX institute, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Don-Kyu Kim
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Nuclear Receptor Signals, Hormone Research Center, School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Gwangju, Chonnam 500-757, Korea
| | - Tae-Young Na
- From the College of Pharmacy and Bio-MAX institute, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Na-Lee Ka
- From the College of Pharmacy and Bio-MAX institute, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Hueng-Sik Choi
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Nuclear Receptor Signals, Hormone Research Center, School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Gwangju, Chonnam 500-757, Korea
| | - Mi-Ock Lee
- From the College of Pharmacy and Bio-MAX institute, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
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New Tools in Experimental Cellular Therapy for the Treatment of Liver Diseases. CURRENT TRANSPLANTATION REPORTS 2015; 2:202-210. [PMID: 26317066 DOI: 10.1007/s40472-015-0059-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The current standard of care for end stage liver disease is orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). Through improvement in surgical techniques, immunosuppression, and general medical care, liver transplantation has become an effective treatment over the course of the last half-century. Unfortunately, due to the limited availability of donor organs, there is a finite limit to the number of patients who will benefit from this therapy. This review will discuss current research in experimental cellular therapies for acute, chronic, and metabolic liver failure that may be appropriate when liver transplantation is not an immediate option.
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