Lalwani R, Athavale SA, Chauhan K, Nigam GL, Babu CSR, Kotgirwar S. Cadaveric Study of Mode of Termination of Gonadal Veins: Implications for Procedures Utilizing Terminal Ends of Gonadal Veins as Entry Portals.
J Nat Sci Biol Med 2017;
8:210-212. [PMID:
28781489 PMCID:
PMC5523530 DOI:
10.4103/0976-9668.210005]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT
The terminal ends of gonadal veins act as an entry portal in gonadal embolization procedures used for treating varicocele in males and pelvic congestion disease in females. Here, we studied the modes of termination of gonadal veins in adult cadavers.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Thirty-five adult formalin-fixed cadavers (seventy sides) were studied over a period of 4 years. The modes of termination of gonadal veins were observed under the following study variables: (a) number, (b) locale of termination, and (c) termination angle.
RESULTS
Variations in study parameters were observed in eight sides of seven cadavers (seven unilateral and one bilateral). Double veins at termination were observed in six cadavers; anomalous termination was observed in three cadavers. Angle of termination differed from normal in 3 cadavers. In one of these cadavers, the left ovarian vein drained into the left suprarenal vein.
CONCLUSION
Duplication of terminal ends, anomalous drainage site, and varied angles of termination call for caution to ensure the success of procedures, which use terminal ends of gonadal veins as entry portals.
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