Clinicopathologic features and treatment response of early acute antibody-mediated rejection in Thai kidney transplant recipients: a single-center experience

Color Doppler Guided in Early Renal Allograft Biopsy: A Safer and Non-Inferior Technique

BACKGROUND

This study compared a novel technique for renal allograft biopsy, color Doppler ultrasound-guided biopsy (CDUS-Bx), with routine ultrasound-guided biopsy (RUS-Bx).

METHODS

A retrospective review was conducted on 111 patients, with 42 undergoing CDUS-Bx and 69 undergoing RUS-Bx. Urologists used an 18-gauge automatic spring-loaded biopsy needle for all procedures. CDUS-Bx tissue collection was guided by identifying renal vessels with color Doppler mode.

RESULTS

Overall, the adequacy rate was 90.1%, with a higher number of glomeruli obtained in the CDUS-Bx group (25.6 ± 10.3 vs. 20.6 ± 11.3, P = .008). Acute tubular necrosis was the most frequent pathological diagnosis, with a higher prevalence in the CDUS-Bx group (69% vs 40.6%). T cell-mediated rejection had a lower incidence in the CDUS-Bx group (4.8% vs 21.7%), and antibody-mediated rejection was comparable between the 2 groups. The most common complication was microscopic hematuria, which was significantly less frequent in the CDUS-Bx group (48.7% vs 70.1%, P = .028), but there was no significant difference in the rate of gross hematuria between CDUS-Bx and RUS-Bx (11.9% vs 11.6%, P = .961). The number of cores was the only predictor of adequate biopsy, with a 93.2% adequacy rate after 3 cores of allograft biopsy. Multivariate analysis revealed that only the guiding type, CDUS-Bx, was associated with less microscopic hematuria (adjusted odds ratio 0.325, P = .018).

CONCLUSIONS

Color Doppler ultrasound-guided biopsy had comparable tissue adequacy to RUS-Bx, with a lower incidence of microscopic hematuria. These findings suggest that CDUS-Bx may be a safe and effective alternative to RUS-Bx for allograft biopsy.

Role of therapeutic plasma exchange in acute humoral rejection patients undergoing live-related renal transplantation: A single-center experience

BACKGROUND AND AIM:

Renal transplantation (RT) is the most successful and ideal renal replacement therapy for end-stage renal disease patients. Renal allograft rejection has always been one of the major barriers in successful RT. Our aim was to report the role of therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) in acute humoral rejection (AHR) patients who underwent live-related RT (LRRT) and their renal allograft outcome at our center.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

A prospective observational study was conducted from July 1, 2014, to December 31, 2016. Patients with biopsy-proven AHR and treated with TPE along with other lines of treatment after undergoing LRRT were included in the study. ABO-incompatible individuals, pediatric patients, and patients undergoing second transplants were excluded from the study. Clinical history, donor and graft details, management, and patient and graft survival were noted.

RESULTS:

Of the 1608 patients who underwent LRRT, 49 (37 males, 76%; 12 females, 24%; mean age 39.5 ± 13.3 years) had biopsy-proven AHR (3.04%) and were treated with TPE. A total of 281 TPEs were performed with an average of 5.7 TPE/patient (range 2–12). Of the 49 patients, 38 patients (78%) with favorable response underwent 213 (75.8%) TPEs (average of 5.6 TPE/patient; range: 2–12), whereas 11 patients (22%) with unfavorable response underwent 68 (24.2%) TPEs (average of 6.2 TPE/patient; range: 3–8). Blood urea (P = 0.012) and serum creatinine (P = 0.038) levels at the time of rejection were significant predictors of response to TPE therapy. The average length of stay in our study population was 33 ± 22 days. Six months posttransplant, the patient and graft survival were 93.3% and 89.5%, whereas at 12 months, they were 89.3% and 81.5%, respectively.

CONCLUSION:

TPE is a safe and effective adjunct therapy for treating AHR patients.