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Vilayur E, van Zwieten A, Chen M, Francis A, Wyld M, Kim S, Cooper T, Wong G. Sex and Gender Disparities in Living Kidney Donation: A Scoping Review. Transplant Direct 2023; 9:e1530. [PMID: 37636486 PMCID: PMC10455160 DOI: 10.1097/txd.0000000000001530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Women are more likely than men to be living kidney donors. We summarized the evidence concerning the reasons behind sex and gender disparities in living kidney donation (LKD). Methods A scoping review of quantitative and qualitative evidence on reasons for sex and gender disparities in LKD was conducted from inception to March 2023. Results Of 1123 studies screened, 45 were eligible for inclusion. Most studies were from North America, Europe, and Central Asia (n = 33, 73%). A predominance of women as living donors (55%-65%) was observed in 15 out of 18 (83%) studies. Reasons for sex and gender disparities in LKD included socioeconomic, biological, and cognitive or emotional factors. A gendered division of roles within the families was observed in most studies, with men being the primary income earner and women being the main caregiver. Fear of loss of income was a barrier to male donation. Human leukocyte antigen sensitization through pregnancy in female recipients precluded male partner donation, whereas female donation was supported by altruism and a positive attitude toward LKD. Conclusions Sex imbalance in LKD is prevalent, with a predominance of women as living donors. Such disparities are driven by societal and cultural perceptions of gender roles, pregnancy-induced sensitization, and attitudes toward donation and at least some of these factors are modifiable. Donor compensation to support predonation assessments and income loss, implementation of innovative desensitization treatments, promotion of paired kidney exchange program, and targeted educational initiatives to promote equitable living donation may help to close the gender gap in LKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eswari Vilayur
- John Hunter Hospital, Hunter New England Health Service, New Lambton, NSW, Australia
- Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Anita van Zwieten
- Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- Centre for Kidney Research, Westmead Children’s Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Mingxing Chen
- Centre for Kidney and Transplantation Research, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Anna Francis
- Department of Nephrology, Queensland Children’s Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Melanie Wyld
- Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- Centre for Kidney and Transplantation Research, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Siah Kim
- Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- Centre for Kidney Research, Westmead Children’s Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Tess Cooper
- Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Germaine Wong
- Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- Centre for Kidney Research, Westmead Children’s Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia
- Centre for Kidney and Transplantation Research, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia
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Martínez-Alarcón L, Ríos A, Ramis G, Gómez-Laguna J, Moll X, Falceto V, San Román-Acaso F, San Román-Llorens F, Quereda JJ, Herrero-Medrano JM, Mendonça L, Martin-Barrasa JL, Fernández OM, Hernández AM, Muñoz A, Ramírez P, Parrilla P. Veterinary Students' Attitude Toward Living Kidney Donation: A Multicenter Stratified Study From Spain. Transplant Proc 2018; 50:2280-2283. [PMID: 30316341 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2018.02.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Living kidney related donations (LKRD) should be promoted because of the current deficit of organs for transplantation. The objective of the study was to analyze the attitude of Spanish veterinary students toward LKRD, because they may influence public opinion in the future, and to determine the factors that condition it. METHODS A sociological, interdisciplinary, multicenter, and observational study was carried out in the veterinary students enrolled in Spain (n = 9000) in the university academic year 2010-2011. A sample of 2815 students was stratified by geographical area and academic year. The students' attitude toward LKRD was assessed using a psychosocial validated questionnaire (PCID-DVR Rios), was self-administered, and was completed anonymously. Veterinary schools were randomly selected. The questionnaire was applied to each academic year at compulsory sessions. Statistical analysis was preformed using t test, χ2 test, and logistic regression analysis. RESULTS The completion rate was 95% (n = 2683); 93% (n = 2504) were in favor of LKRD and 36% (n = 945) supported unrelated living kidney donation. The following variables were associated with having a more favorable attitude: (1) sex (P < .001), (2) being a student of southern universities (P = .03), (3) attitude toward deceased donation (P < .001), (4) having a father (P < .001) or a mother (P < .001) in favor of organ donation, and (5) having discussed the subject with friends (P = .03) or family (P = .02). However, only 60% would accept a kidney from a relative. CONCLUSION Spanish veterinary students have a favorable attitude toward LKRD. However, only 60% would accept a kidney from a relative.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Martínez-Alarcón
- International Collaborative Donor Project, Murcia, Spain; Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB), Murcia, Spain; Servicio de Cirugía, Unidad de Trasplantes, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - A Ríos
- International Collaborative Donor Project, Murcia, Spain; Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB), Murcia, Spain; Servicio de Cirugía, Unidad de Trasplantes, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain.
| | - G Ramis
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB), Murcia, Spain; Servicio de Cirugía, Unidad de Trasplantes, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain; Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - J Gómez-Laguna
- Departament of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - X Moll
- Departamento de Medicina y Cirugía Animal, Facultad Veterinaria, Universitat Autonoma Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - V Falceto
- Universidad Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | | | - J J Quereda
- Grupo Fisiopatología de la Reproducción, Departamento Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - J M Herrero-Medrano
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - L Mendonça
- Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiania, Brazil
| | - J L Martin-Barrasa
- Experimental Animal Facility, Research Unit, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria, Dr. Negrín, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; Animal Infectious Diseases and Ictiopatology, University Institute of Animal Health (IUSA), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Arucas, Spain
| | - O M Fernández
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB), Murcia, Spain; Animalario libre de Patógenos Arrixaca-IMIB, Murcia, Spain
| | - A M Hernández
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - A Muñoz
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - P Ramírez
- International Collaborative Donor Project, Murcia, Spain; Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB), Murcia, Spain; Servicio de Cirugía, Unidad de Trasplantes, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - P Parrilla
- International Collaborative Donor Project, Murcia, Spain; Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB), Murcia, Spain; Servicio de Cirugía, Unidad de Trasplantes, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
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What Do Future Nursing Professionals Believe About Living Donor Kidney Transplantation? An Analysis of Attitudes of Nursing Students of the Medical University of Poznan in Western Poland. Transplant Proc 2015; 47:2581-3. [PMID: 26680041 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2015.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 10/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Living donor kidney transplantation (LDKT) is the best treatment option in the late stage of chronic kidney disease. The objective of the study was to analyze the attitudes of nursing students at the Medical University of Poznan toward living donation of kidney. METHODS Sampling points were compulsory attendance in the 5 nursing courses of the degree of fulfilment of 80%. The validated questionnaire (PCID-DVR Rios) was self-administered and anonymous. RESULTS The completion rate was 92% (324 of 354). Among the students, 91% (n = 296) were in favor of LDKT, 5% (n = 15) were undecided, and 4% (n = 11) remained is against. When the living kidney donor is not related, 57% (n = 185) of respondents were in favor. The factors that are associated with a more favourable attitude are 1) the needs of organs for transplantation are covered (P = .012); 2) attitude in favor of organ donation and transplantation (P ≤ .001); 3) attitude toward living liver donation (P = .001); 4) attitude in favor of acceptance of LDKT for a relative (P ≤ .001); 5) discussing organ donation and transplantation with friends (P = .002); and 6) attitude in favor of organ donation from a family member (P = .011). In the multivariate analysis, highlights are acceptance of the donation of a living kidney donor from a family member [OR = 9.900 (35.714-2.770); P ≤ .001] and donating a piece of liver in life [OR = 50 (166.666-14.492); P ≤.001]. CONCLUSIONS Among the nursing students, 91% are in favor of living kidney donation.
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