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Lai L, Zhou X, Chen H, Luo Y, Sui W, Zhang J, Tang D, Yan Q, Dai Y. Composition and diversity analysis of the B-cell receptor immunoglobulin heavy chain complementarity-determining region 3 repertoire in patients with acute rejection after kidney transplantation using high-throughput sequencing. Exp Ther Med 2019; 17:2206-2220. [PMID: 30867706 PMCID: PMC6395953 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to assess the genetic diversity of the B-cell receptor (BCR) in kidney transplant recipients with acute rejection. A total of three patients with acute rejection after kidney transplantation were examined by performing a composition and diversity analysis of the BCR immunoglobulin heavy chain (IGH) complementarity-determining region 3 (H-CDR3) repertoire. The peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients were collected at 1 day prior to (Pre1), as well as 1 day (Post1) and 7 days (Post7) after the transplantation, and DNA was extracted. High-throughput sequencing technology was applied to determine the BCR repertoire. Raw sequences in FASTQ format were analyzed with the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool. The diversity of the BCR repertoire was assessed by calculating Shannon entropy, Simpson's diversity index, the Gini coefficient and highly expanded clone distributions. The diversity of the BCR repertoire at Pre1 was greater than that at Post1 or Post7. The diversity of the BCR repertoire was the lowest at Post1 and increased at Post7 but failed to reach the pre-transplantation levels. Patients exhibited the loss of seven IGH variable (IGHV)3 family genes, while five new genes were expressed at a low frequency. Furthermore, five IGHV-IGH joining (IGHJ) gene pairings, including IGHJ6-IGHV3-11, were detected in the patients. Up- and downregulated genes were assessed by calculating the expression frequencies of the IGH diversity and IGHV gene families at Post1 and Post7. The results of the H-CDR3 length distribution and H-CDR3 amino acid (AA) usage analyses indicated that in Case 1 and 2, the AA length was similar at mostly 14–18 AA, while that in Case 3 was relatively stable at 12–16 AA. In conclusion, the present results illustrate the diversity of H-CDR3 in patients with acute rejection after kidney transplantation may provide novel ideas, methods and means of monitoring and analyzing the immune status of patients under physiological and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liusheng Lai
- Department of Nephrology, Guilin No. 924 Hospital, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Research, Guilin Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Guilin, Guangxi 541002, P.R. China
| | - Xianqing Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, Guilin No. 924 Hospital, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Research, Guilin Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Guilin, Guangxi 541002, P.R. China
| | - Huaizhou Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Guilin No. 924 Hospital, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Research, Guilin Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Guilin, Guangxi 541002, P.R. China
| | - Yadan Luo
- Department of Nephrology, Guilin No. 924 Hospital, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Research, Guilin Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Guilin, Guangxi 541002, P.R. China
| | - Weiguo Sui
- Department of Nephrology, Guilin No. 924 Hospital, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Research, Guilin Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Guilin, Guangxi 541002, P.R. China
| | - Jiaxing Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Guilin No. 924 Hospital, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Research, Guilin Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Guilin, Guangxi 541002, P.R. China
| | - Donge Tang
- Clinical Medical Research Center of The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518020, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Yan
- Department of Nephrology, Guilin No. 924 Hospital, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Research, Guilin Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Guilin, Guangxi 541002, P.R. China
| | - Yong Dai
- Clinical Medical Research Center of The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518020, P.R. China
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Zhu F, Bai X, Chen X. B lymphocytes in renal interstitial fibrosis. J Cell Commun Signal 2017; 11:213-218. [PMID: 28210941 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-017-0382-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is defined as an excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM), which leads to the destruction of organ structure and impairment of organ function. Fibrosis occurs not only in kidney but also in lung, liver, heart, and skin. Common pathways of fibrosis are thought to exist. Renal interstitial fibrosis is a complex process that involves multiple molecular signaling and multiple cellular components, in which B cells appear to be one of the emerging important players. B cells may affect fibrosis through cytokine production and through interaction with other cells including fibroblasts, macrophages and T cells. This review summarizes recent research findings of B cells in fibrosis and provides an insight of how the future therapeutics of fibrosis could be developed from a B-cell point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengge Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Xueyuan Bai
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiangmei Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing, China.
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Schlößer HA, Thelen M, Dieplinger G, von Bergwelt-Baildon A, Garcia-Marquez M, Reuter S, Shimabukuro-Vornhagen A, Wennhold K, Haustein N, Buchner D, Heiermann N, Kleinert R, Wahba R, Ditt V, Kurschat C, Cingöz T, Becker J, Stippel DL, von Bergwelt-Baildon M. Prospective Analyses of Circulating B Cell Subsets in ABO-Compatible and ABO-Incompatible Kidney Transplant Recipients. Am J Transplant 2017; 17:542-550. [PMID: 27529836 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.14013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 07/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Immunosuppressive strategies applied in renal transplantation traditionally focus on T cell inhibition. B cells were mainly examined in the context of antibody-mediated rejection, whereas the impact of antibody-independent B cell functions has only recently entered the field of transplantation. Similar to T cells, distinct B cell subsets can enhance or inhibit immune responses. In this study, we prospectively analyzed the evolution of B cell subsets in the peripheral blood of AB0-compatible (n = 27) and AB0-incompatible (n = 10) renal transplant recipients. Activated B cells were transiently decreased and plasmablasts were permanently decreased in patients without signs of rejection throughout the first year. In patients with histologically confirmed renal allograft rejection, activated B cells and plasmablasts were significantly elevated on day 365. Rituximab treatment in AB0-incompatible patients resulted in long-lasting B cell depletion and in a naïve phenotype of repopulating B cells 1 year following transplantation. Acute allograft rejection was correlated with an increase of activated B cells and plasmablasts and with a significant reduction of regulatory B cell subsets. Our study demonstrates the remarkable effects of standard immunosuppression on circulating B cell subsets. Furthermore, the B cell compartment was significantly altered in rejecting patients. A specific targeting of deleterious B cell subsets could be of clinical benefit in renal transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- H A Schlößer
- Department of General, Visceral and Cancer Surgery, University of Cologne, Köln, Germany.,Cologne Interventional Immunology, University of Cologne, Köln, Germany.,Cologne Transplant Center, University of Cologne, Köln, Germany
| | - M Thelen
- Cologne Interventional Immunology, University of Cologne, Köln, Germany
| | - G Dieplinger
- Department of General, Visceral and Cancer Surgery, University of Cologne, Köln, Germany.,Cologne Transplant Center, University of Cologne, Köln, Germany
| | - A von Bergwelt-Baildon
- Cologne Transplant Center, University of Cologne, Köln, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Cologne, Köln, Germany
| | - M Garcia-Marquez
- Cologne Interventional Immunology, University of Cologne, Köln, Germany
| | - S Reuter
- Cologne Interventional Immunology, University of Cologne, Köln, Germany
| | - A Shimabukuro-Vornhagen
- Cologne Interventional Immunology, University of Cologne, Köln, Germany.,Cologne Transplant Center, University of Cologne, Köln, Germany
| | - K Wennhold
- Cologne Interventional Immunology, University of Cologne, Köln, Germany
| | - N Haustein
- Cologne Interventional Immunology, University of Cologne, Köln, Germany
| | - D Buchner
- Department of General, Visceral and Cancer Surgery, University of Cologne, Köln, Germany.,Cologne Transplant Center, University of Cologne, Köln, Germany
| | - N Heiermann
- Department of General, Visceral and Cancer Surgery, University of Cologne, Köln, Germany.,Cologne Transplant Center, University of Cologne, Köln, Germany
| | - R Kleinert
- Department of General, Visceral and Cancer Surgery, University of Cologne, Köln, Germany.,Cologne Transplant Center, University of Cologne, Köln, Germany
| | - R Wahba
- Department of General, Visceral and Cancer Surgery, University of Cologne, Köln, Germany.,Cologne Transplant Center, University of Cologne, Köln, Germany
| | - V Ditt
- Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine, Merheim Medical Center Cologne, Köln, Germany
| | - C Kurschat
- Cologne Transplant Center, University of Cologne, Köln, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Cologne, Köln, Germany
| | - T Cingöz
- Cologne Transplant Center, University of Cologne, Köln, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Cologne, Köln, Germany
| | - J Becker
- Cologne Transplant Center, University of Cologne, Köln, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, University of Cologne, Köln, Germany
| | - D L Stippel
- Department of General, Visceral and Cancer Surgery, University of Cologne, Köln, Germany.,Cologne Transplant Center, University of Cologne, Köln, Germany
| | - M von Bergwelt-Baildon
- Cologne Interventional Immunology, University of Cologne, Köln, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Cologne, Köln, Germany
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Svachova V, Sekerkova A, Hruba P, Tycova I, Rodova M, Cecrdlova E, Slatinska J, Honsova E, Striz I, Viklicky O. Dynamic changes of B-cell compartments in kidney transplantation: lack of transitional B cells is associated with allograft rejection. Transpl Int 2016; 29:540-8. [PMID: 26839984 DOI: 10.1111/tri.12751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
B cells play an important role in the immune responses which affect the outcomes of kidney allografts. Dynamic changes of B-cell compartments in clinical kidney transplantation are still poorly understood. B-cell subsets were prospectively monitored using flow cytometry for 1 year in 98 kidney transplant recipients. Data were correlated with immunosuppression and clinical outcomes. An increase in the total population of B lymphocytes was observed during the first week after transplantation. The level of IgM(high) CD38(high) CD24(high) transitional B cells reduced significantly up until the third month, with partial repopulation in the first year. Lower numbers of transitional B cells in the third month were associated with higher risk of graft rejection. IgM(+) IgD(+) CD27(-) naive B cells did not change within follow-up. IgM(+) CD27(+) nonswitched memory B cells and IgM(-) CD27(+) switched memory B cells increased on post-operative day 7. IgM(-) CD38(high) CD27(high) plasmablasts showed similar kinetics during the first post-transplant year, similar to transitional B cells. In conclusion, sensitized kidney transplant recipients as well as those with either acute or chronic rejection within the first post-transplant year exhibited lower levels of transitional B cells. Therefore, these data further support the hypothesis that transitional B cells have a protective role in kidney transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Svachova
- Department of Clinical and Transplant Immunology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Sekerkova
- Department of Clinical and Transplant Immunology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Hruba
- Transplant Laboratory, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Irena Tycova
- Transplant Laboratory, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marketa Rodova
- Department of Clinical and Transplant Immunology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Cecrdlova
- Department of Clinical and Transplant Immunology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Janka Slatinska
- Department of Nephrology, Transplant Center, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Honsova
- Department of Clinical and Transplant Pathology, Transplant Center, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ilja Striz
- Department of Clinical and Transplant Immunology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Viklicky
- Transplant Laboratory, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Nephrology, Transplant Center, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
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