1
|
Jubber I, Ong S, Bukavina L, Black PC, Compérat E, Kamat AM, Kiemeney L, Lawrentschuk N, Lerner SP, Meeks JJ, Moch H, Necchi A, Panebianco V, Sridhar SS, Znaor A, Catto JWF, Cumberbatch MG. Epidemiology of Bladder Cancer in 2023: A Systematic Review of Risk Factors. Eur Urol 2023; 84:176-190. [PMID: 37198015 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2023.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Bladder cancer (BC) is common worldwide and poses a significant public health challenge. External risk factors and the wider exposome (totality of exposure from external and internal factors) contribute significantly to the development of BC. Therefore, establishing a clear understanding of these risk factors is the key to prevention. OBJECTIVE To perform an up-to-date systematic review of BC's epidemiology and external risk factors. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION Two reviewers (I.J. and S.O.) performed a systematic review using PubMed and Embase in January 2022 and updated it in September 2022. The search was restricted to 4 yr since our previous review in 2018. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS Our search identified 5177 articles and a total of 349 full-text manuscripts. GLOBOCAN data from 2020 revealed an incidence of 573 000 new BC cases and 213 000 deaths worldwide in 2020. The 5-yr prevalence worldwide in 2020 was 1 721 000. Tobacco smoking and occupational exposures (aromatic amines and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) are the most substantial risk factors. In addition, correlative evidence exists for several risk factors, including specific dietary factors, imbalanced microbiome, gene-environment risk factor interactions, diesel exhaust emission exposure, and pelvic radiotherapy. CONCLUSIONS We present a contemporary overview of the epidemiology of BC and the current evidence for BC risk factors. Smoking and specific occupational exposures are the most established risk factors. There is emerging evidence for specific dietary factors, imbalanced microbiome, gene-external risk factor interactions, diesel exhaust emission exposure, and pelvic radiotherapy. Further high-quality evidence is required to confirm initial findings and further understand cancer prevention. PATIENT SUMMARY Bladder cancer is common, and the most substantial risk factors are smoking and workplace exposure to suspected carcinogens. On-going research to identify avoidable risk factors could reduce the number of people who get bladder cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Jubber
- Academic Urology Unit, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK; Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK.
| | - Sean Ong
- EJ Whitten Foundation Prostate Cancer Research Centre, Epworth HealthCare, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Peter C Black
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Eva Compérat
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ashish M Kamat
- Department of Urology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Nathan Lawrentschuk
- EJ Whitten Foundation Prostate Cancer Research Centre, Epworth HealthCare, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Seth P Lerner
- Scott Department of Urology, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Joshua J Meeks
- Departments of Urology and Biochemistry, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Holger Moch
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Necchi
- Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Panebianco
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Oncology, and Pathology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Srikala S Sridhar
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ariana Znaor
- Cancer Surveillance Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - James W F Catto
- Academic Urology Unit, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK; Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - Marcus G Cumberbatch
- Academic Urology Unit, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK; Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Al-Qudimat AR, Al Darwish MB, Altahtamouni SB, Singh K, Al-Zoubi RM, Aboumarzouk OM, Al-Ansari A. Chronic kidney diseases and the risk of colorectal cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Arab J Urol 2023; 21:258-266. [PMID: 38178950 PMCID: PMC10763595 DOI: 10.1080/2090598x.2023.2225315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective We conducted this review to offer a comprehensive search and up-to-date overview of the currently available information about the probability risk of colorectal cancer among chronic kidney disease patients. Method We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews (PRISMA) and meta-analysis guidelines. We identified, reviewed, and extracted from Scopus, PubMed, EMBASE, and Komaki Databases for research publications on chronic kidney disease and colorectal cancer published between February 2016 and January 2023. We meta-analyzed the prevalence of colorectal cancer with chronic kidney disease. We ran a random effect meta-regression. Risk-of-bias assessment was evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. The systematic review was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42023400983). Results The risk of CRC in chronic kidney diseases was reported in 50 research studies, which included 4,337,966 people from 16 different countries. SIR of CRC was obtained from 14 studies and showed a significant relationship between CRC with CKD patients, with a pooled SIR of 1.33; 95% CI (1.30-1.36), with higher heterogeneity (Q = 121.82, P < 0.001, and I2 = 86.9%). Metaregression showed that there was no significant correlation between the risk of CRC and the proportion of males or age. Conclusion Overall, this study shows that patients with chronic kidney disease have a significantly increased risk of colorectal cancer. More studies with larger sample sizes, and robust surveillance are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad R. Al-Qudimat
- Surgical Research Section, Department of Surgery, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Public Health, QU-Health, College of Health Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qata
| | - Mohamed B. Al Darwish
- Surgical Research Section, Department of Surgery, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Saif B. Altahtamouni
- Surgical Research Section, Department of Surgery, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Kalapan Singh
- Department of Nursing, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Raed M. Al-Zoubi
- Surgical Research Section, Department of Surgery, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qata
- Department of Chemistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Omar M. Aboumarzouk
- Surgical Research Section, Department of Surgery, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- College of Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, The University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Abdulla Al-Ansari
- Surgical Research Section, Department of Surgery, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kikowicz M, Gozdowska J, Durlik M. Massive Ascites of Unknown Origin: A Case Report. Transplant Proc 2020; 52:2527-2529. [PMID: 32276839 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2020.01.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Ascites is the excessive accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity and predominantly caused by liver cirrhosis, cancers, or heart failure. In this study, a 31-year-old woman with chronic renal failure of unknown etiology treated with hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis was often hospitalized because of ascites, which appeared 4 years after the second kidney transplantation. The patient was regularly (every 2-3 weeks) treated with paracentesis. Peritoneal fluid tested negative for bacterial (including atypical) and fungal infections and tuberculosis. Doppler ultrasound and liver FibroScan did not show any irregularities. Computed tomography (CT) revealed an enlarged left ovary. A high level of CA 125 was found. The second diagnostic laparoscopy revealed no changes in the ovaries, and there were no tumor cells. Diagnostics were extended, but no deviations were revealed. Suspecting drug etiology, mycophenolic acid was discontinued, bringing no improvement. Diagnostic tests caused suspicion of Meigs' syndrome; therefore, oophorectomy of left ovary was conducted, revealing numerous small cysts filled with serous fluid, without tumor cells in the ovary or peritoneal fluid. Despite the procedure performed, ascites was recurrent. Five month later, ascites spontaneously stopped growing. Paracentesis to decompress ascites was no longer required. There were 9 paracenteses performed from oophorectomy (the latest on May 23, 2019). The need for repetitive paracentesis, significantly reducing the patient's quality of life, required diagnosis for casuistic diseases. The described case is atypical because of the confusing etiology of ascites and its spontaneous cessation. Despite numerous examinations and recession of ascites, the cause of the problem is not entirely clear.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Kikowicz
- Department of Transplantation Medicine, Nephrology, and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jolanta Gozdowska
- Department of Transplantation Medicine, Nephrology, and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Durlik
- Department of Transplantation Medicine, Nephrology, and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Xu RF, He EH, Yi ZX, Lin J, Zhang YN, Qian LX. Multimodality-imaging manifestations of primary renal-allograft synovial sarcoma: First case report and literature review. World J Clin Cases 2019; 7:1677-1685. [PMID: 31367627 PMCID: PMC6658374 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v7.i13.1677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary renal synovial sarcoma (PRSS) is an extremely rare tumor with a poor prognosis. Its imaging and immunohistochemical characteristics may overlap with other renal tumors, which renders its early diagnosis in a dilemma. The diagnosis of primary renal synovial sarcoma requires histopathology and the confirmation of SYT-SSX gene fusion using molecular techniques. Cases of primary renal synovial sarcoma have been previously reported in the literature. However, to our knowledge, primary renal allograft synovial sarcoma was never described.
CASE SUMMARY A 43-year-old male patient who underwent kidney transplantation 9 months ago came to our hospital for regular follow-up. Traditional ultrasonography revealed multiple hypo-echo neoplasms in the renal allograft. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) showed slightly hyper-density masses with slow homogeneous enhancement. Ultrasound-guided biopsy was conducted for accurate pathological diagnosis. The neoplasms were diagnosed as synovial sarcoma by pathological, immunohistochemical, and genetic analyses. Positron emission tomography/CT showed no evidence of metastasis. At approximately one week post biopsy, contrast-enhanced ultrasound was conducted to eliminate active hemorrhage. One month later, CECT showed that the biggest neoplasm grew from 3.3 cm to 5.7 cm in diameter. Parametric imaging was conducted with SonoLiver CAP to conduct further quantitative analysis, which showed that the enhancement pattern was heterogeneous hyper-vascular enhancement. Radical surgical resection of the whole renal allograft and ureter was conducted without additional adjuvant chemotherapy or external radiotherapy. Anlotinib was chosen for targeted therapy with a good response.
CONCLUSION We propose multimodality imaging for accurate diagnosis of renal allograft synovial sarcoma especially when it is formed by spindle-shaped cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Fang Xu
- Department of Ultrasound, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - En-Hui He
- Department of Ultrasound, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Zhan-Xiong Yi
- Department of Ultrasound, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jun Lin
- Department of Urological Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yan-Ning Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Lin-Xue Qian
- Department of Ultrasound, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| |
Collapse
|