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Zhang B, Li TT, Mao ZC, Jiang M, Zhang Z, Zhao K, Qu WY, Xiao WJ, Chen JR. Enantioselective Cyanofunctionalization of Aromatic Alkenes via Radical Anions. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:1410-1422. [PMID: 38179949 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c10439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Alkene radical ions constitute an integral and unique class of reactive intermediates for the synthesis of valuable compounds because they have both unpaired spins and charge. However, relatively few synthetic applications of alkene radical anions have emerged due to a dearth of generally applicable and mild radical anion generation approaches. Precise control over the chemo- and stereoselectivity in alkene radical anion-mediated processes represents another long-standing challenge due to their high reactivity. To overcome these issues, here, we develop a new redox-neutral strategy that seamlessly merges photoredox and copper catalysis to enable the controlled generation of alkene radical anions and their orthogonal enantioselective cyanofunctionalization via distonic-like species. This new strategy enables highly regio-, chemo-, and enantioselective hydrocyanation, deuterocyanation, and cyanocarboxylation of alkenes without stoichiometric reductants or oxidants under visible light irradiation. This protocol provides a new blueprint for the exploration of the transformation potential of alkene radical anions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China
| | - Tian-Tian Li
- College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China
| | - Zhi-Cheng Mao
- College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China
| | - Min Jiang
- College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Zhihan Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China
| | - Ke Zhao
- College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China
| | - Wen-Yuan Qu
- College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China
| | - Wen-Jing Xiao
- College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China
- Wuhan Institute of Photochemistry and Technology, 7 North Bingang Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430082, China
| | - Jia-Rong Chen
- College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China
- Wuhan Institute of Photochemistry and Technology, 7 North Bingang Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430082, China
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Khrizanforova VV, Fayzullin RR, Gerasimova TP, Khrizanforov MN, Zagidullin AA, Islamov DR, Lukoyanov AN, Budnikova YH. Chemical and Electrochemical Reductions of Monoiminoacenaphthenes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108667. [PMID: 37240012 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Redox properties of monoiminoacenaphthenes (MIANs) were studied using various electrochemical techniques. The potential values obtained were used for calculating the electrochemical gap value and corresponding frontier orbital difference energy. The first-peak-potential reduction of the MIANs was performed. As a result of controlled potential electrolysis, two-electron one-proton addition products were obtained. Additionally, the MIANs were exposed to one-electron chemical reduction by sodium and NaBH4. Structures of three new sodium complexes, three products of electrochemical reduction, and one product of the reduction by NaBH4 were studied using single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The MIANs reduced electrochemically by NaBH4 represent salts, in which the protonated MIAN skeleton acts as an anion and Bu4N+ or Na+ as a cation. In the case of sodium complexes, the anion radicals of MIANs are coordinated with sodium cations into tetranuclear complexes. The photophysical and electrochemical properties of all reduced MIAN products, as well as neutral forms, were studied both experimentally and quantum-chemically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera V Khrizanforova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Arbuzov Street, 420088 Kazan, Russia
| | - Robert R Fayzullin
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Arbuzov Street, 420088 Kazan, Russia
| | - Tatiana P Gerasimova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Arbuzov Street, 420088 Kazan, Russia
| | - Mikhail N Khrizanforov
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Arbuzov Street, 420088 Kazan, Russia
- A.M. Butlerov Institute of Chemistry, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlevskaya Street, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Almaz A Zagidullin
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Arbuzov Street, 420088 Kazan, Russia
| | - Daut R Islamov
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Arbuzov Street, 420088 Kazan, Russia
| | - Anton N Lukoyanov
- G.A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 49 Tropinin Street, 603137 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Yulia H Budnikova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Arbuzov Street, 420088 Kazan, Russia
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Jiao Y, Stoddart J. Electron / hole catalysis: A versatile strategy for promoting chemical transformations. Tetrahedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2022.133065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Liao LL, Song L, Yan SS, Ye JH, Yu DG. Highly reductive photocatalytic systems in organic synthesis. TRENDS IN CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trechm.2022.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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