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Comparative phylogeography of oceanic archipelagos: Hotspots for inferences of evolutionary process. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 113:7986-93. [PMID: 27432948 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1601078113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Remote island archipelagos offer superb opportunities to study the evolution of community assembly because of their relatively young and simple communities where speciation contributes to the origin and evolution of community structure. There is great potential for common phylogeographic patterns among remote archipelagos that originate through hotspot volcanism, particularly when the islands formed are spatially isolated and linearly arranged. The progression rule is characterized by a phylogeographic concordance between island age and lineage age in a species radiation. Progression is most likely to arise when a species radiation begins on an older island before the emergence of younger islands of a hotspot archipelago. In the simplest form of progression, colonization of younger islands as they emerge and offer appropriate habitat, is coincident with cladogenesis. In this paper, we review recent discoveries of the progression rule on seven hotspot archipelagos. We then discuss advantages that progression offers to the study of community assembly, and insights that community dynamics may offer toward understanding the evolution of progression. We describe results from two compelling cases of progression where the mosaic genome may offer insights into contrasting demographic histories that shed light on mechanisms of speciation and progression on remote archipelagos.
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Aranda SC, Gabriel R, Borges PAV, Santos AMC, de Azevedo EB, Patiño J, Hortal J, Lobo JM. Geographical, temporal and environmental determinants of bryophyte species richness in the Macaronesian islands. PLoS One 2014; 9:e101786. [PMID: 25003186 PMCID: PMC4086965 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0101786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Species richness on oceanic islands has been related to a series of ecological factors including island size and isolation (i.e. the Equilibrium Model of Island Biogeography, EMIB), habitat diversity, climate (i.e., temperature and precipitation) and more recently island ontogeny (i.e. the General Dynamic Model of oceanic island biogeography, GDM). Here we evaluate the relationship of these factors with the diversity of bryophytes in the Macaronesian region (Azores, Madeira, Canary Islands and Cape Verde). The predictive power of EMIB, habitat diversity, climate and the GDM on total bryophyte richness, as well as moss and liverwort richness (the two dominant bryophyte groups), was evaluated through ordinary least squares regressions. After choosing the best subset of variables using inference statistics, we used partial regression analyses to identify the independent and shared effects of each model. The variables included within each model were similar for mosses and liverworts, with orographic mist layer being one of the most important predictors of richness. Models combining climate with either the GDM or habitat diversity explained most of richness variation (up to 91%). There was a high portion of shared variance between all pairwise combinations of factors in mosses, while in liverworts around half of the variability in species richness was accounted for exclusively by climate. Our results suggest that the effects of climate and habitat are strong and prevalent in this region, while geographical factors have limited influence on Macaronesian bryophyte diversity. Although climate is of great importance for liverwort richness, in mosses its effect is similar to or, at least, indiscernible from the effect of habitat diversity and, strikingly, the effect of island ontogeny. These results indicate that for highly vagile taxa on oceanic islands, the dispersal process may be less important for successful colonization than the availability of suitable ecological conditions during the establishment phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia C. Aranda
- Departamento de Biogeografía y Cambio Global, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Madrid, Spain
- Azorean Biodiversity Group and Platform for Enhancing Ecological Research & Sustainability, Departamento de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade dos Açores, Angra do Heroísmo, Açores, Portugal
- * E-mail:
| | - Rosalina Gabriel
- Azorean Biodiversity Group and Platform for Enhancing Ecological Research & Sustainability, Departamento de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade dos Açores, Angra do Heroísmo, Açores, Portugal
| | - Paulo A. V. Borges
- Azorean Biodiversity Group and Platform for Enhancing Ecological Research & Sustainability, Departamento de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade dos Açores, Angra do Heroísmo, Açores, Portugal
| | - Ana M. C. Santos
- Departamento de Biogeografía y Cambio Global, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Madrid, Spain
- Azorean Biodiversity Group and Platform for Enhancing Ecological Research & Sustainability, Departamento de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade dos Açores, Angra do Heroísmo, Açores, Portugal
- Centro de Biologia Ambiental and Platform for Enhancing Ecological Research & Sustainability, Faculdade de Ciências de Lisboa, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Eduardo Brito de Azevedo
- Centro do Clima, Meteorologia e Mudanças Globais, Departamento de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade dos Açores, Angra do Heroísmo, Açores, Portugal
| | - Jairo Patiño
- Azorean Biodiversity Group and Platform for Enhancing Ecological Research & Sustainability, Departamento de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade dos Açores, Angra do Heroísmo, Açores, Portugal
- Institute of Botany, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Departmento de Biología Vegetal, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Joaquín Hortal
- Departamento de Biogeografía y Cambio Global, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Biologia Ambiental and Platform for Enhancing Ecological Research & Sustainability, Faculdade de Ciências de Lisboa, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Jorge M. Lobo
- Departamento de Biogeografía y Cambio Global, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Madrid, Spain
- Azorean Biodiversity Group and Platform for Enhancing Ecological Research & Sustainability, Departamento de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade dos Açores, Angra do Heroísmo, Açores, Portugal
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