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Zoghi S. Advancements in Tissue Engineering: A Review of Bioprinting Techniques, Scaffolds, and Bioinks. Biomed Eng Comput Biol 2024; 15:11795972241288099. [PMID: 39364141 PMCID: PMC11447703 DOI: 10.1177/11795972241288099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 09/13/2024] [Indexed: 10/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering is a multidisciplinary field that uses biomaterials to restore tissue function and assist with drug development. Over the last decade, the fabrication of three-dimensional (3D) multifunctional scaffolds has become commonplace in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Thanks to the development of 3D bioprinting technologies, these scaffolds more accurately recapitulate in vivo conditions and provide the support structure necessary for microenvironments conducive to cell growth and function. The purpose of this review is to provide a background on the leading 3D bioprinting methods and bioink selections for tissue engineering applications, with a specific focus on the growing field of developing multifunctional bioinks and possible future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shervin Zoghi
- School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
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2
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Zeshan M, Amjed N, Ashraf H, Farooq A, Akram N, Zia KM. A review on the application of chitosan-based polymers in liver tissue engineering. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 262:129350. [PMID: 38242400 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Chitosan-based polymers have enormous structural tendencies to build bioactive materials with novel characteristics, functions, and various applications, mainly in liver tissue engineering (LTE). The specific physicochemical, biological, mechanical, and biodegradation properties give the effective ways to blend these biopolymers with synthetic and natural polymers to fabricate scaffolds matrixes, sponges, and complexes. A variety of natural and synthetic biomaterials, including chitosan (CS), alginate (Alg), collagen (CN), gelatin (GL), hyaluronic acid (HA), hydroxyapatite (HAp), polyethylene glycol (PEG), polycaprolactone (PCL), poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PGLA), polylactic acid (PLA), and silk fibroin gained considerable attention due to their structure-properties relationship. The incorporation of CS within the polymer matrix results in increased mechanical strength and also imparts biological behavior to the designed PU formulations. The significant and growing interest in the LTE sector, this review aims to be a detailed exploration of CS-based polymers biomaterials for LTE. A brief explanation of the sources and extraction, properties, structure, and scope of CS is described in the introduction. After that, a full overview of the liver, its anatomy, issues, hepatocyte transplantation, LTE, and CS LTE applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Zeshan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Nyla Amjed
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Humna Ashraf
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Ariba Farooq
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Nadia Akram
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Khalid Mahmood Zia
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan.
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3
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Nagase K, Nagaoka M, Nakano Y, Utoh R. bFGF-releasing biodegradable nanoparticles for effectively engrafting transplanted hepatocyte sheet. J Control Release 2024; 366:160-169. [PMID: 38154542 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic tissue engineering has been applied for the treatment of intractable liver diseases, and hepatocyte sheets are promising for this purpose. However, hepatocyte sheets have poor survival after transplantation because of their high metabolic activity. In this study, we aimed to develop basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF)-releasing nanoparticles to prolong the survival of hepatocyte sheets after transplantation. The nanoparticles were prepared by electrospraying a bFGF-dispersed poly(D,l-lactide-co-glycolide) emulsion. bFGF-loaded PLGA nanoparticles can be developed by optimizing the applied electrospray voltage and the oil:water ratio of the emulsion. The prepared nanoparticles exhibited prompt release at the initial duration and continuous gradual release at the subsequent duration. Hepatocyte sheet engraftment was evaluated by transplanting hepatocyte sheets containing the prepared nanoparticles into rats. The hepatocyte sheets with the prepared nanoparticles exhibited longer survival than those without the bFGF nanoparticles or solution owing to the local and continuous release of bFGF from the nanoparticles and the subsequent enhanced angiogenesis at the transplantation site. These results indicated that the prepared bFGF-releasing nanoparticles can enhance the efficiency of hepatocyte sheet transplantation. The developed bFGF-releasing nanoparticles would be useful for the transplantation of cellular tissue with post-transplantation survival challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Nagase
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan.
| | - Marin Nagaoka
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Yuto Nakano
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Rie Utoh
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
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4
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Nagase K, Kojima N, Goto M, Akaike T, Kanazawa H. Thermoresponsive block copolymer brush for temperature-modulated hepatocyte separation. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:8629-8641. [PMID: 35972447 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb01384c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic tissue engineering may be an effective approach for the treatment of liver disease; however, its practical application requires hepatic cell separation technologies that do not involve cell surface modification and maintain cell activity. In this study, we developed hepatocyte cell separation materials using a thermoresponsive polymer and a polymer with high affinity to hepatocytes. A block copolymer of poly(N-p-vinylbenzyl-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1→4)-D-gluconamide) (PVLA) and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) [PVLA-b-PNIPAAm] was prepared through two steps of atom transfer radical polymerization. On the prepared PVLA-b-PNIPAAm brush, HepG2 cells (model hepatocytes) adhered at 37 °C and detached at 20 °C, attributed to the temperature-modulated affinity between PVLA and HepG2. Cells from the immortalized human hepatic stellate cell line (TWNT-1) did not adhere to the copolymer brush, and RAW264.7 cells (mouse macrophage; model Kupffer cells) adhered to the copolymer brush, regardless of temperature. Using the difference in cell adhesion properties on the copolymer brush, temperature-modulated cell separation was successfully demonstrated. A mixture of HepG2, RAW264.7, and TWNT-1 cells was seeded on the copolymer brush at 37 °C for adherence. By reducing the temperature to 20 °C, adhered HepG2 cells were selectively recovered with a purity of approximately 85% and normal activity. In addition, induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell-derived hepatocytes adhered on the PVLA-b-PNIPAAm brush at 37 °C and detached from the copolymer brush at 20 °C, whereas the undifferentiated iPS cells did not adhere, indicating that the prepared PVLA-b-PNIPAAm brush could be utilized to separate hepatocyte differentiated and undifferentiated cells. These results indicated that the newly developed PVLA-b-PNIPAAm brush can separate hepatic cells from contaminant cells by temperature modulation, without affecting cell activity or modifying the cell surface. Thus, the copolymer brush is expected to be a useful separation tool for cell therapy and tissue engineering using hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Nagase
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan.
| | - Naoto Kojima
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan.
| | - Mitsuaki Goto
- Biomaterials Center for Regenerative Medical Engineering, Foundation for Advancement of International Science, 24-16 Kasuga, 3-chome, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0821, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Akaike
- Biomaterials Center for Regenerative Medical Engineering, Foundation for Advancement of International Science, 24-16 Kasuga, 3-chome, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0821, Japan
| | - Hideko Kanazawa
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan.
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5
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Krüger M, Samsom RA, Oosterhoff LA, van Wolferen ME, Kooistra HS, Geijsen N, Penning LC, Kock LM, Sainz-Arnal P, Baptista PM, Spee B. High level of polarized engraftment of porcine intrahepatic cholangiocyte organoids in decellularized liver scaffolds. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:4949-4958. [PMID: 36017767 PMCID: PMC9549510 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
In Europe alone, each year 5500 people require a life-saving liver transplantation, but 18% die before receiving one due to the shortage of donor organs. Whole organ engineering, utilizing decellularized liver scaffolds repopulated with autologous cells, is an attractive alternative to increase the pool of available organs for transplantation. The development of this technology is hampered by a lack of a suitable large-animal model representative of the human physiology and a reliable and continuous cell source. We have generated porcine intrahepatic cholangiocyte organoids from adult stem cells and demonstrate that these cultures remained stable over multiple passages whilst retaining the ability to differentiate into hepatocyte- and cholangiocyte-like cells. Recellularization onto porcine scaffolds was efficient and the organoids homogeneously differentiated, even showing polarization. Our porcine intrahepatic cholangiocyte system, combined with porcine liver scaffold paves the way for developing whole liver engineering in a relevant large-animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Krüger
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Roos-Anne Samsom
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Loes A Oosterhoff
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Monique E van Wolferen
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hans S Kooistra
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Niels Geijsen
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Louis C Penning
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Linda M Kock
- LifeTec Group BV, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Pilar Sainz-Arnal
- Laboratory of Organ Bioengineering and Regenerative Medicine, Health Research Institute of Aragon (IIS Aragon), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Pedro M Baptista
- Laboratory of Organ Bioengineering and Regenerative Medicine, Health Research Institute of Aragon (IIS Aragon), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Bart Spee
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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6
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Yoshikawa C, Sakakibara K, Nonsuwan P, Shobo M, Yuan X, Matsumura K. Cellular Flocculation Driven by Concentrated Polymer Brush-Modified Cellulose Nanofibers with Different Surface Charges. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:3186-3197. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c00294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chiaki Yoshikawa
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
| | - Keita Sakakibara
- Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 3-11-32 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-0046, Japan
| | - Punnida Nonsuwan
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
| | - Miwako Shobo
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
| | - Xida Yuan
- School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Matsumura
- School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan
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7
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Yuan X, Nonsuwan P, Shobo M, Rajan R, Yamazaki T, Sakakibara K, Matsumura K, Yoshikawa C. Cellular Flocculation Using Concentrated Polymer Brush-Modified Cellulose Nanofibers with Different Fiber Lengths. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:1101-1111. [PMID: 35104113 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c01424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In this study, concentrated polymer brush-modified cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) with different fiber lengths were used for the flocculation of cells for systematically studying the mechanism of this unique cellular flocculation based on colloidal flocculation theory. Concentrated poly(p-styrenesulfonic acid sodium salt) brush-grafted CNF (CNF-PSSNa) with different fiber lengths were cultured with three different cell types to examine their influence on floc (cell clusters formed by cellular flocculation) characteristics. The floc size and survival rate could be controlled by modifying the CNF-PSSNa fiber lengths. The three cell types showed the same flocculation tendency after culture, indicating the applicability of the method in different cell lines. After 2 weeks of culture, CNF-PSSNa increased the specific expression of hepatocytes compared to the two-dimensional cell culture. Thus, owing to its wide applicability, high cell viability, and ability to control cell size and improve cell function, this technology could be used as a new three-dimensional cell culture method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xida Yuan
- School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan.,Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
| | - Punnida Nonsuwan
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
| | - Miwako Shobo
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
| | - Robin Rajan
- School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Yamazaki
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
| | - Keita Sakakibara
- Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 3-11-32 Kagamiyama, Higashi-hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-0046, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Matsumura
- School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan
| | - Chiaki Yoshikawa
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
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8
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A Perfusion Bioreactor for Longitudinal Monitoring of Bioengineered Liver Constructs. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11020275. [PMID: 33494337 PMCID: PMC7912543 DOI: 10.3390/nano11020275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In the field of in vitro liver disease models, decellularised organ scaffolds maintain the original biomechanical and biological properties of the extracellular matrix and are established supports for in vitro cell culture. However, tissue engineering approaches based on whole organ decellularized scaffolds are hampered by the scarcity of appropriate bioreactors that provide controlled 3D culture conditions. Novel specific bioreactors are needed to support long-term culture of bioengineered constructs allowing non-invasive longitudinal monitoring. Here, we designed and validated a specific bioreactor for long-term 3D culture of whole liver constructs. Whole liver scaffolds were generated by perfusion decellularisation of rat livers. Scaffolds were seeded with Luc+HepG2 and primary human hepatocytes and cultured in static or dynamic conditions using the custom-made bioreactor. The bioreactor included a syringe pump, for continuous unidirectional flow, and a circuit built to allow non-invasive monitoring of culture parameters and media sampling. The bioreactor allowed non-invasive analysis of cell viability, distribution, and function of Luc+HepG2-bioengineered livers cultured for up to 11 days. Constructs cultured in dynamic conditions in the bioreactor showed significantly higher cell viability, measured with bioluminescence, distribution, and functionality (determined by albumin production and expression of CYP enzymes) in comparison to static culture conditions. Finally, our bioreactor supports primary human hepatocyte viability and function for up to 30 days, when seeded in the whole liver scaffolds. Overall, our novel bioreactor is capable of supporting cell survival and metabolism and is suitable for liver tissue engineering for the development of 3D liver disease models.
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9
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Selvarajah J, Mh Busra MF, Bin Saim A, Bt Hj Idrus R, Lokanathan Y. Development and physicochemical analysis of genipin-crosslinked gelatine sponge as a potential resorbable nasal pack. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2020; 31:1722-1740. [PMID: 32458725 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2020.1774841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Nasal injury following nasal surgery is an adverse consequence, and prompt treatment should be initiated. Nasal packing, either non-absorbable or absorbable, are commonly used after nasal surgery to prevent bleeding and promote wound healing. In the current study, a novel gelatine sponge crosslinked with genipin was evaluated for suitability to be used as nasal packing and compared to one of the frequently used commercial nasal packing made up of polyurethane. Gelatine at 7% and 10% (w/v) concentration were crosslinked with varying concentrations of genipin, 0.5%, 0.25%, and 0.2% (v/v). The gelatine sponges were further characterised by its water uptake ability, biodegradation, water vapour transmission rate, porosity, contact angle, chemical composition, crosslinking degree, and mechanical properties. The gelatine sponges absorbed five times more water than their dry weight and were degraded within five days. The water vapour transmission rate of the gelatine sponges was 1187.7 ± 430.2 g/(m-2 day) for 7% gelatine and 779.4 ± 375.5 g/(m-2 day) for 10% gelatine. Crosslinking of gelatine with genipin resulted in lower porosity and did not affect the wettability of gelatine sponge (contact angle: 95.3 ± 12.1° for 7% gelatine and 88.4 ± 7.2° for 10% gelatine). In terms of biodegradability, the gelatine sponges took 24-48 h to degrade completely. Genipin crosslinking improved the degradation resistance and mechanical strength of gelatine sponge. The physical and chemical properties of the gelatine sponge, i.e. biodegradability and mechanical durability, support its potential as nasal packing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jegadevswari Selvarajah
- Tissue Engineering Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Fauzi Mh Busra
- Tissue Engineering Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Aminuddin Bin Saim
- Ear, Nose & Throat Consultant Clinic, Ampang Puteri Specialist Hospital, Ampang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ruszymah Bt Hj Idrus
- Tissue Engineering Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yogeswaran Lokanathan
- Tissue Engineering Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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10
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El Baz H, Demerdash Z, Kamel M, Hammam O, Abdelhady DS, Mahmoud S, Hassan S, Mahmoud F, Atta S, Riad NM, Gaafar T. Induction of Hepatic Regeneration in an Experimental Model Using Hepatocyte-Differentiated Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Cell Reprogram 2020; 22:134-146. [PMID: 32243193 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2019.0076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based liver tissue engineering on nanofibrous scaffold holds great promise for cell-based therapy in liver injuries and end-stage liver failure treatments. MSCs were generated from umbilical cord blood. Hepatogenic differentiation was induced on two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) culture system and characterized by morphology, scanning electron microscopy, immunocytochemistry, and gene expression. Albumin and α-1 antitrypsin (AAT) in culture supernatants were measured. Differentiated cells were administered intravenous into a murine model of carbon tetra induced liver cirrhosis. After 12 weeks of injection, liver pathology was examined. The hepatogenic differentiated MSCs stained positively for albumin, alpha fetoprotein, HepPar1, cytokeratin 7 and 18, and OV6 with more mature cells, hexagonal in shape with central nuclei forming large sheets in groups in 3D culture system. AAT secretion and indocyanine green uptake were significantly increased in 3D system. In experimental model, MSC-3D treated group exhibited maximal restoration of liver architecture with absent septal fibrosis and marked improvement of alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST), and mild increase in albumin. Both 3D and 2D culture system are effective in functional hepatogenic differentiation from MSCs and serve as a vehicle in liver tissue engineering. In vivo hepatogenic differentiation is more effective on 3D scaffold, with better functional recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan El Baz
- Immunology Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Zeinab Demerdash
- Immunology Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Manal Kamel
- Immunology Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Olfat Hammam
- Pathology Department, and Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Soheir Mahmoud
- Parasitology Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Salwa Hassan
- Immunology Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Faten Mahmoud
- Immunology Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Shimaa Atta
- Immunology Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nermine Magdi Riad
- Clinical and Chemical Pathology Department, Kasr Alainy Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Taghrid Gaafar
- Clinical and Chemical Pathology Department, Kasr Alainy Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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11
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Liver Cancer: Current and Future Trends Using Biomaterials. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11122026. [PMID: 31888198 PMCID: PMC6966667 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11122026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common type of cancer diagnosed and the second leading cause of death worldwide. Despite advancement in current treatments for HCC, the prognosis for this cancer is still unfavorable. This comprehensive review article focuses on all the current technology that applies biomaterials to treat and study liver cancer, thus showing the versatility of biomaterials to be used as smart tools in this complex pathologic scenario. Specifically, after introducing the liver anatomy and pathology by focusing on the available treatments for HCC, this review summarizes the current biomaterial-based approaches for systemic delivery and implantable tools for locally administrating bioactive factors and provides a comprehensive discussion of the specific therapies and targeting agents to efficiently deliver those factors. This review also highlights the novel application of biomaterials to study HCC, which includes hydrogels and scaffolds to tissue engineer 3D in vitro models representative of the tumor environment. Such models will serve to better understand the tumor biology and investigate new therapies for HCC. Special focus is given to innovative approaches, e.g., combined delivery therapies, and to alternative approaches-e.g., cell capture-as promising future trends in the application of biomaterials to treat HCC.
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12
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Geetha Bai R, Muthoosamy K, Manickam S, Hilal-Alnaqbi A. Graphene-based 3D scaffolds in tissue engineering: fabrication, applications, and future scope in liver tissue engineering. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:5753-5783. [PMID: 31413573 PMCID: PMC6662516 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s192779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering embraces the potential of recreating and replacing defective body parts by advancements in the medical field. Being a biocompatible nanomaterial with outstanding physical, chemical, optical, and biological properties, graphene-based materials were successfully employed in creating the perfect scaffold for a range of organs, starting from the skin through to the brain. Investigations on 2D and 3D tissue culture scaffolds incorporated with graphene or its derivatives have revealed the capability of this carbon material in mimicking in vivo environment. The porous morphology, great surface area, selective permeability of gases, excellent mechanical strength, good thermal and electrical conductivity, good optical properties, and biodegradability enable graphene materials to be the best component for scaffold engineering. Along with the apt microenvironment, this material was found to be efficient in differentiating stem cells into specific cell types. Furthermore, the scope of graphene nanomaterials in liver tissue engineering as a promising biomaterial is also discussed. This review critically looks into the unlimited potential of graphene-based nanomaterials in future tissue engineering and regenerative therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renu Geetha Bai
- Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (NATAM), Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih, Selangor, 43500, Malaysia
| | - Kasturi Muthoosamy
- Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (NATAM), Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih, Selangor, 43500, Malaysia
| | - Sivakumar Manickam
- Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (NATAM), Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih, Selangor, 43500, Malaysia
| | - Ali Hilal-Alnaqbi
- Electromechanical Technology, Abu Dhabi Polytechnic, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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13
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Selden C, Fuller B. Role of Bioreactor Technology in Tissue Engineering for Clinical Use and Therapeutic Target Design. Bioengineering (Basel) 2018; 5:bioengineering5020032. [PMID: 29695077 PMCID: PMC6027481 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering5020032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Micro and small bioreactors are well described for use in bioprocess development in pre-production manufacture, using ultra-scale down and microfluidic methodology. However, the use of bioreactors to understand normal and pathophysiology by definition must be very different, and the constraints of the physiological environment influence such bioreactor design. This review considers the key elements necessary to enable bioreactors to address three main areas associated with biological systems. All entail recreation of the in vivo cell niche as faithfully as possible, so that they may be used to study molecular and cellular changes in normal physiology, with a view to creating tissue-engineered grafts for clinical use; understanding the pathophysiology of disease at the molecular level; defining possible therapeutic targets; and enabling appropriate pharmaceutical testing on a truly representative organoid, thus enabling better drug design, and simultaneously creating the potential to reduce the numbers of animals in research. The premise explored is that not only cellular signalling cues, but also mechano-transduction from mechanical cues, play an important role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare Selden
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Division of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University College London, Royal Free Hospital Campus, Rowland Hill Street, Hampstead, London NW3 2PF, UK.
| | - Barry Fuller
- Department of Nanotechnology, Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University College London, London NW3 2QG, UK.
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Huang H, Hanada S, Kojima N, Sakai Y. Enhanced Functional Maturation of Fetal Porcine Hepatocytes in Three-Dimensional Poly-L-lactic Acid Scaffolds: A Culture Condition Suitable for Engineered Liver Tissues in Large-Scale Animal Studies. Cell Transplant 2017; 15:799-809. [PMID: 17269450 DOI: 10.3727/000000006783981486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
To engineer liver tissues with a clinically significant size, in vivo evaluation of performance using large-scale animal studies are necessary before proceeding to human clinical trials. As pigs are the most suitable candidates, the development of culture conditions suitable for porcine hepatocyte progenitors is very important to engineer pig liver tissue equivalents. We therefore investigated the efficacy of poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds on the functional maturation of fetal porcine hepatocytes in the presence of various combinations of biofactors. Cells were isolated from pig fetuses obtained from a local slaughterhouse, and cultured for 15 days both in monolayer and PLLA scaffolds. Although 15 days of culture resulted in almost the same ratio of proliferation (about fivefold) in both monolayer and 3D PLLA culture, the PLLA culture with hepatocyte growth factor (HGF, 10 ng/ml) and sodium butylate (Sb, 1 mM) remarkably enhanced various liver-specific functions of fetal porcine hepatocytes. The final attained functions based on the numbers of immobilized cells on day 1 compared with those of day 1 monolayers; 191fold increase in albumin secretion, 70.5-fold increase in cytochrome P450 IA1/2 capacity, 20.9-fold increase in ammonia removal, and 18.0-fold increase in urea synthesis were obtained. These functions were 2.0–3.3-fold higher than those obtained by the same period of monolayer culture. In addition, final attained unit cell-based functions on day 15 were almost comparable to the levels reported for cultures of adult porcine hepatocytes in both monolayer and 3D spheroid cultures. These results demonstrate that the use of a biodegradable polymer-based 3D culture with an appropriate combination of biofactors is a promising approach to maximize functional maturation of hepatocyte progenitors from large animals. In addition, the established culture conditions are worth using to engineer large liver tissue equivalents for pigs in large-animal-based preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyun Huang
- Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan.
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15
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Kuge H, Ohashi K, Yokoyama T, Kanehiro H, Hisanaga M, Koyama F, Bumgardner GL, Kosai KI, Nakajima Y. Genetic Modification of Hepatocytes towards Hepatocyte Transplantation and Liver Tissue Engineering. Cell Transplant 2017; 15:1-12. [DOI: 10.3727/000000006783982214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-based therapies, including liver tissue engineering following hepatocyte transplantation, have therapeutic potential for several types of liver diseases. Modifications in the methodology to manipulate the donor hepatocytes in a more simple and timely manner prior to transplantation would enhance the therapeutic efficacy of this procedure. Conventional approach for vector-mediated gene transduction to the isolated hepatocytes has been performed under primary culture conditions that routinely require several days to complete. In our study, we have established a clinically feasible approach that requires only 1 h of infection time with an adenoviral vector system that results in an extremely efficient transduction efficiency (>80%). To optimize transduction efficiency and sustain normal cellular function, we determined that the isolated hepatocytes should be maintained in UW solution as a suspension medium and infected with adenoviral vectors (Ad) for no more than 1 h at a MOI of 1. To establish if the isolated hepatocytes could be used as a source for cell-based therapies, we transplanted the Ad-transduced hepatocytes into the liver or under the kidney capsule. When the cells were transplanted into the liver, Ad-transduced hepatocytes cultured in suspension conditions were found to have a significantly higher survival rate (p < 0.01) than Ad-transduced hepatocytes cultured under standard conditions. We also confirmed that these Ad-transduced hepatocytes have ability to survive long term and were able to engineer a biologically active hepatic tissue under the kidney capsule. Finally, we obtained high level of transduction into canine, porcine, and human isolated hepatocytes in a suspension solution mixed with Ad. In conclusion, the present studies demonstrate that isolated hepatocytes could be genetically modified using Ad when kept in a suspension solution. For this reason, this cell-modified technique could be used for the treatment of liver-targeted diseases and/or disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Kuge
- Department of Surgery, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
| | - Kazuo Ohashi
- Department of Surgery, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | - Ginny L. Bumgardner
- Department of Surgery, Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ken-Ichiro Kosai
- Division of Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Cognitive and Molecular Research Institute for Brain Diseases, Kurume University, Kurume, Japan
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16
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Rajendran D, Hussain A, Yip D, Parekh A, Shrirao A, Cho CH. Long-term liver-specific functions of hepatocytes in electrospun chitosan nanofiber scaffolds coated with fibronectin. J Biomed Mater Res A 2017; 105:2119-2128. [PMID: 28371246 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a new 3D liver model was developed using biomimetic nanofiber scaffolds and co-culture system consisting of hepatocytes and fibroblasts for the maintenance of long-term liver functions. The chitosan nanofiber scaffolds were fabricated by the electrospinning technique. To enhance cellular adhesion and spreading, the surfaces of the chitosan scaffolds were coated with fibronectin (FN) by adsorption and evaluated for various cell types. Cellular phenotype, protein expression, and liver-specific functions were extensively characterized by immunofluorescent and histochemical stainings, albumin enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Cytochrome p450 detoxification assays, and scanning electron microscopy. The electrospun chitosan scaffolds exhibited a highly porous and randomly oriented nanofibrous structure. The FN coating on the surface of the chitosan nanofibers significantly enhanced cell attachment and spreading, as expected, as surface modification with this cell adhesion molecule on the chitosan surface is important for focal adhesion formation and integrin binding. Comparison of hepatocyte mono-cultures and co-cultures in 3D culture systems indicated that the hepatocytes in co-cultures formed colonies and maintained their morphologies and functions for prolonged periods of time. The 3D liver tissue model developed in this study will provide useful tools toward the development of engineered liver tissues for drug screening and tissue engineering applications. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 2119-2128, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Rajendran
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey, 07102
| | - Ali Hussain
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey, 07102
| | - Derek Yip
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey, 07102
| | - Amit Parekh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey, 07102
| | - Anil Shrirao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, 08854
| | - Cheul H Cho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey, 07102
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17
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Willemse J, Lieshout R, van der Laan LJW, Verstegen MMA. From organoids to organs: Bioengineering liver grafts from hepatic stem cells and matrix. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2017. [PMID: 28624103 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpg.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Due to the complex function and structure of the liver, resourceful solutions for treating end-stage liver disease are required. Currently, liver transplantation is the only curative therapeutic option. However, due to a worldwide donor shortage, researchers have been looking in other fields for alternative sources of transplantable liver tissue. Recent advances in our understanding of liver physiology, stem cell and matrix biology, have accelerated tissue engineering research. Most notable is the discovery of a culture system to grow liver-like organoids from human hepatic stem cells. The extensive expansion capacity of these stem cells has contributed greatly to the availability of hepatocyte-like cells for tissue engineering. In addition, new techniques are explored to obtain biological liver scaffolds from full size donor organs. This review summarizes these state-of-art techniques which may lay the groundwork towards re-creating transplantable tissue from autologous or allogenic stem cells in the coming decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorke Willemse
- Dept. Surgery, Erasmus MC - Rotterdam Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ruby Lieshout
- Dept. Surgery, Erasmus MC - Rotterdam Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Luc J W van der Laan
- Dept. Surgery, Erasmus MC - Rotterdam Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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18
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Fan J, Yang J. Preparation and characterization of a chitosan/galactosylated hyaluronic acid/heparin scaffold for hepatic tissue engineering. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2017; 28:569-581. [PMID: 28125949 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2017.1288076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Cell culture microenvironment and hepatocyte-specific three-dimensional tissue-engineering scaffold play important roles for bioartificial liver devices. In the present study, highly porous sponge scaffolds composed of chitosan (CS) and galactosylated hyaluronic acid (GHA, galactose moieties were covalently coupled with hyaluronic acid through ethylenediamine), were prepared by freezing-drying technique. Because the growth factors specifically bind to heparin with a high affinity and biological stability of the growth factors are modulated by heparin. Heparin was added into CS/GHA scaffold under mild conditions. The effects of heparin on the morphology, structure, porosity, mechanical properties of the CS/GHA/heparin scaffold were studied. CS/GHA scaffold containing heparin maintains the porous structure and good mechanical properties. Furthermore, addition of heparin with the growth factors into the scaffold resulted in a significantly improved the microenvironment of cell growth and prolonged liver functions of the hepatocytes such as albumin secretion, urea synthesis and ammonia elimination. These results indicate that this CS/GHA/heparin scaffold is a potential candidate for liver tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyong Fan
- a Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry and Functional Materials in Universities of Shandong, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Dezhou University , Dezhou , People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Yang
- b The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences , Nankai University , Tianjin , People's Republic of China
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20
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Yang R, Wu L, Chen J, Chen W, Zhang L, Zhang L, You R, Yin L, Li CH, Guan YQ. Effects of Differentiation and Antisenescence from BMSCs to Hepatocy-Like Cells of the PAAm-IGF-1/TNF-α Biomaterial. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:26638-26647. [PMID: 27668443 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b10377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Aiming at the cells' differentiation phenomenon and senescence problem in liver tissue engineering, this work is designed to synthesize three different chargeable polymers (polypropylene acid (PAAc), polyethylene glycol (PEG), and polypropylene amine (PAAm)) coimmobilized by the insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). We explore the hepatocyte differentiation effect and the antisenecence effect of PSt-PAAm-IGF-1/TNF-α biomaterial which was selected from the three different chargeable polymers in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). Our work will establish a model for studying the biochemical molecular regulation mechanism and signal transduction pathway of cell senescence in liver tissue engineering, which provide a molecular basis for developing biomaterials for liver tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runcai Yang
- School of Life Science, South China Normal University , Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Lifang Wu
- School of Life Science, South China Normal University , Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Jiehong Chen
- School of Life Science, South China Normal University , Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Wuya Chen
- School of Life Science, South China Normal University , Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- School of Life Science, South China Normal University , Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Li Zhang
- School of Life Science, South China Normal University , Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Rong You
- School of Life Science, South China Normal University , Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Liang Yin
- School of Life Science, South China Normal University , Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Chu-Hua Li
- School of Life Science, South China Normal University , Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Yan-Qing Guan
- School of Life Science, South China Normal University , Guangzhou 510631, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University , Guangzhou 510631, China
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Abstract
Functions of the gastrointestinal tract include motility, digestion and absorption of nutrients. These functions are mediated by several specialized cell types including smooth muscle cells, neurons, interstitial cells and epithelial cells. In gastrointestinal diseases, some of the cells become degenerated or fail to accomplish their normal functions. Surgical resection of the diseased segments of the gastrointestinal tract is considered the gold-standard treatment in many cases, but patients might have surgical complications and quality of life can remain low. Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine aim to restore, repair, or regenerate the function of the tissues. Gastrointestinal tissue engineering is a challenging process given the specific phenotype and alignment of each cell type that colonizes the tract - these properties are critical for proper functionality. In this Review, we summarize advances in the field of gastrointestinal tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Although the findings are promising, additional studies and optimizations are needed for translational purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalil N Bitar
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, 391 Technology Way NE, Winston Salem, North Carolina 27101, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Translational Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, 1 Medical Center Blvd, Winston Salem, North Carolina 27157, USA.,Virginia Tech-Wake Forest School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, 391 Technology Way NE, Winston Salem, North Carolina 27101, USA
| | - Elie Zakhem
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, 391 Technology Way NE, Winston Salem, North Carolina 27101, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Translational Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, 1 Medical Center Blvd, Winston Salem, North Carolina 27157, USA
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22
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Hu K, Lv Q, Cui FZ, Feng QL, Kong XD, Wang HL, Huang LY, Li T. Biocompatible Fibroin Blended Films with Recombinant Human-like Collagen for Hepatic Tissue Engineering. J BIOACT COMPAT POL 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/0883911506060455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Recombinant human-like collagen (RHLC) was blended with fibroin to prepare a novel biocompatible film as a scaffold material for hepatic tissue engineering applications. Solution blending was used to incorporate RHLC with silk fibroin to enhance the blend films biocompatibility and hydrophilicity while maintaining elasticity. FTIR and XRD analysis indicated that hydrogen bonds had formed between fibroin and RHLC, while SEM microscopy data confirmed that homogeneous microstructures were still retained after the introduction of RHLC with fibroin. Contact angle measurements indicated that the hydrophilicity of the fibroin/RHLC films was greater after RHLC was added. The elongation at break in the wet state was not markedly changed after blending the recombinant human-like collagen, which implied that flexibility was maintained. The proliferation and viability of the cell cultures on fibroin/RHLC films were significantly enhanced compared to pure fibroin films or tissue culture plates.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Hu
- Biomaterials Laboratory, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China
| | - Q. Lv
- Biomaterials Laboratory, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China
| | - F. Z. Cui
- Biomaterials Laboratory, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China,
| | - Q. L. Feng
- Biomaterials Laboratory, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China
| | - X. D. Kong
- Biomaterials Laboratory, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China
| | - H. L. Wang
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100071, P.R. China
| | - L. Y. Huang
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100071, P.R. China
| | - T. Li
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100071, P.R. China
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23
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Lima AC, Alvarez‐Lorenzo C, Mano JF. Design Advances in Particulate Systems for Biomedical Applications. Adv Healthc Mater 2016; 5:1687-723. [PMID: 27332041 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201600219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2016] [Revised: 04/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The search for more efficient therapeutic strategies and diagnosis tools is a continuous challenge. Advances in understanding the biological mechanisms behind diseases and tissues regeneration have widened the field of applications of particulate systems. Particles are no more just protective systems for the encapsulated drugs, but they play an active role in the success of the therapy. Moreover, particles have been explored for innovative purposes as templates for cells growth and as diagnostic tools. Until few years ago the most relevant parameters in particles formulation were the chemistry and the size. Currently, it is known that other physical characteristics can remarkably affect the performance of particulate systems. Particles with non-conventional shapes exhibit advantages due to the increasing circulation time in blood stream, less clearance by the immune system and more efficient cell internalization and trafficking. Creation of compartments has been found useful to control drug release, to tune the transport of substances across biological barriers, to supply the target with more than one bioactive agent or even to act as theranostic systems. It is expected that such complex shaped and compartmentalized systems improve the therapeutic outcomes and also the patient's compliance, acting as advanced devices that serve for simultaneous diagnosis and treatment of the disease, combining agents of very different features, at the same time. In this review, we overview and analyse the most recent advances in particle shape and compartmentalization and applications of newly designed particulate systems in the biomedical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Catarina Lima
- 3B's Research Group University of Minho AvePark 4806–909, Taipas Guimarães, Portugal ICVS/3B's‐PT Government Associate Laboratory Braga/Guimarães Portugal
| | - Carmen Alvarez‐Lorenzo
- Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica Facultad de Farmacia Universidad de Santiago de Compostela 15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - João F. Mano
- 3B's Research Group University of Minho AvePark 4806–909, Taipas Guimarães, Portugal ICVS/3B's‐PT Government Associate Laboratory Braga/Guimarães Portugal
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24
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Azandeh S, Mohammad Gharravi A, Orazizadeh M, Khodadi A, Hashemi Tabar M. Improvement of mesenchymal stem cell differentiation into the endoderm lineage by four step sequential method in biocompatible biomaterial. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 6:9-13. [PMID: 27340619 PMCID: PMC4916552 DOI: 10.15171/bi.2016.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Revised: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
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Introduction: The goal of the study described here, was to investigate the potential of umbilical cord derived mesenchymal stem cell (UC-MSCs) into hepatocyte like cells in a sequential 2D and 3D differentiation protocols as alternative therapy.
Methods: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were isolated from the umbilical cord (UC) and CD markers were analyzed by flow cytometry. For hepatic differentiation of UC-MSCs, cells were induced with a sequential 4-step protocol in 3D and 2D culture system. Urea concentration and albumin secretion into the culture medium was quantified by ELISA. Gene expression levels of AFP, ALB, and CK18 were determined by RT-PCR. Data were statistically analyzed by the SPSS software. The difference between the mean was considered significant when p < 0.05.
Results: Growth factor dependent morphological changes from elongated fibroblast-like cells to round epithelial cell morphology were observed in 2D culture. Cell proliferation analysis showed round-shaped morphology with clear cytoplasm and nucleus on the alginate scaffold in 3D culture. The mean valuses of albumin production and urea secretion were significantly higher in the 3D Culture system when compared with the 2D culture (p = 0.005 vs p = 0.001), respectively. Treatment of cells with TSA in the final step of differentiation induced an increased expression of CK18 and a decreased expression of αFP in both the 3D and 2D cultures (p = 0.026), but led to a decreased albumin gene expression, and an increased expression in the 2D culture (p = 0.001).
Conclusion: Findings of the present study indicated that sequential exposure of UC-MSCs with growth factors in 3D culture improves hepatic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Azandeh
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center (CMRC), Department of Anatomical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences (AJUMS), Ahvaz, Iran
| | | | - Mahmoud Orazizadeh
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center (CMRC), Department of Anatomical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences (AJUMS), Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ali Khodadi
- Cancer, Petroleum and Environmental Pollutants Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Hashemi Tabar
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center (CMRC), Department of Anatomical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences (AJUMS), Ahvaz, Iran
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25
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Qi C, Yan X, Huang C, Melerzanov A, Du Y. Biomaterials as carrier, barrier and reactor for cell-based regenerative medicine. Protein Cell 2015; 6:638-53. [PMID: 26088192 PMCID: PMC4537472 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-015-0179-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell therapy has achieved tremendous success in regenerative medicine in the past several decades. However, challenges such as cell loss, death and immune-rejection after transplantation still persist. Biomaterials have been designed as carriers to deliver cells to desirable region for local tissue regeneration; as barriers to protect transplanted cells from host immune attack; or as reactors to stimulate host cell recruitment, homing and differentiation. With the assistance of biomaterials, improvement in treatment efficiency has been demonstrated in numerous animal models of degenerative diseases compared with routine free cell-based therapy. Emerging clinical applications of biomaterial assisted cell therapies further highlight their great promise in regenerative therapy and even cure for complex diseases, which have been failed to realize by conventional therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxiao Qi
- />Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China
| | - Xiaojun Yan
- />Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China
| | - Chenyu Huang
- />Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital; Medical Center, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 102218 China
| | - Alexander Melerzanov
- />Cellular and Molecular Technologies Laboratory, MIPT, Dolgoprudny, 141701 Russia
| | - Yanan Du
- />Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China
- />Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, 310003 China
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26
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Natarajan V, Wilson CL, Hayward SL, Kidambi S. Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles Trigger Loss of Function and Perturbation of Mitochondrial Dynamics in Primary Hepatocytes. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0134541. [PMID: 26247363 PMCID: PMC4527597 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles are one of the most highly manufactured and employed nanomaterials in the world with applications in copious industrial and consumer products. The liver is a major accumulation site for many nanoparticles, including TiO2, directly through intentional exposure or indirectly through unintentional ingestion via water, food or animals and increased environmental contamination. Growing concerns over the current usage of TiO2 coupled with the lack of mechanistic understanding of its potential health risk is the motivation for this study. Here we determined the toxic effect of three different TiO2 nanoparticles (commercially available rutile, anatase and P25) on primary rat hepatocytes. Specifically, we evaluated events related to hepatocyte functions and mitochondrial dynamics: (1) urea and albumin synthesis using colorimetric and ELISA assays, respectively; (2) redox signaling mechanisms by measuring reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) activity and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP); (3) OPA1 and Mfn-1 expression that mediates the mitochondrial dynamics by PCR; and (4) mitochondrial morphology by MitoTracker Green FM staining. All three TiO2 nanoparticles induced a significant loss (p < 0.05) in hepatocyte functions even at concentrations as low as 50 ppm with commercially used P25 causing maximum damage. TiO2 nanoparticles induced a strong oxidative stress in primary hepatocytes. TiO2 nanoparticles exposure also resulted in morphological changes in mitochondria and substantial loss in the fusion process, thus impairing the mitochondrial dynamics. Although this study demonstrated that TiO2 nanoparticles exposure resulted in substantial damage to primary hepatocytes, more in vitro and in vivo studies are required to determine the complete toxicological mechanism in primary hepatocytes and subsequently liver function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaishaali Natarajan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, NE, 68588, United States of America
| | - Christina L. Wilson
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, NE, 68588, United States of America
| | - Stephen L. Hayward
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, NE, 68588, United States of America
| | - Srivatsan Kidambi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, NE, 68588, United States of America
- Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, NE, 68588, United States of America
- Mary and Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, NE, 68198, United States of America
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27
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Moscato S, Ronca F, Campani D, Danti S. Poly(vinyl alcohol)/gelatin Hydrogels Cultured with HepG2 Cells as a 3D Model of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Morphological Study. J Funct Biomater 2015; 6:16-32. [PMID: 25590431 PMCID: PMC4384098 DOI: 10.3390/jfb6010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been demonstrated that three-dimensional (3D) cell culture models represent fundamental tools for the comprehension of cellular phenomena both for normal and cancerous tissues. Indeed, the microenvironment affects the cellular behavior as well as the response to drugs. In this study, we performed a morphological analysis on a hepatocarcinoma cell line, HepG2, grown for 24 days inside a bioartificial hydrogel composed of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and gelatin (G) to model a hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in 3D. Morphological features of PVA/G hydrogels were investigated, resulting to mimic the trabecular structure of liver parenchyma. A histologic analysis comparing the 3D models with HepG2 cell monolayers and tumor specimens was performed. In the 3D setting, HepG2 cells were viable and formed large cellular aggregates showing different morphotypes with zonal distribution. Furthermore, β-actin and α5β1 integrin revealed a morphotype-related expression; in particular, the frontline cells were characterized by a strong immunopositivity on a side border of their membrane, thus suggesting the formation of lamellipodia-like structures apt for migration. Based on these results, we propose PVA/G hydrogels as valuable substrates to develop a long term 3D HCC model that can be used to investigate important aspects of tumor biology related to migration phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Moscato
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, via Savi 10, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Francesca Ronca
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Emergency Medicine, University of Pisa, via Savi 10, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Daniela Campani
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Emergency Medicine, University of Pisa, via Savi 10, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Serena Danti
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Emergency Medicine, University of Pisa, via Savi 10, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
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Nayak S, Dey S, Kundu SC. Silk sericin-alginate-chitosan microcapsules: hepatocytes encapsulation for enhanced cellular functions. Int J Biol Macromol 2014; 65:258-66. [PMID: 24486492 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Revised: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The encapsulation based technology permits long-term delivery of desired therapeutic products in local regions of body without the need of immunosuppressant drugs. In this study microcapsules composed of sericin and alginate micro bead as inner core and with an outer chitosan shell are prepared. This work is proposed for live cell encapsulation for potential therapeutic applications. The sericin protein is obtained from cocoons of non-mulberry silkworm Antheraea mylitta. The sericin-alginate micro beads are prepared via ionotropic gelation under high applied voltage. The beads further coated with chitosan and crosslinked with genipin. The microcapsules developed are nearly spherical in shape with smooth surface morphology. Alamar blue assay and confocal microscopy indicate high cell viability and uniform encapsulated cell distribution within the sericin-alginate-chitosan microcapsules indicating that the microcapsules maintain favourable microenvironment for the cells. The functional analysis of encapsulated cells demonstrates that the glucose consumption, urea secretion rate and intracellular albumin content increased in the microcapsules. The study suggests that the developed sericin-alginate-chitosan microcapsule contributes towards the development of cell encapsulation model. It also offers to generate enriched population of metabolically and functionally active cells for the future therapeutics especially for hepatocytes transplantation in acute liver failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunita Nayak
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, India.
| | - Sanchareeka Dey
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, India.
| | - Subhas C Kundu
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, India.
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Weigel T, Schinkel G, Lendlein A. Design and preparation of polymeric scaffolds for tissue engineering. Expert Rev Med Devices 2014; 3:835-51. [PMID: 17280547 DOI: 10.1586/17434440.3.6.835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Polymeric scaffolds for tissue engineering can be prepared with a multitude of different techniques. Many diverse approaches have recently been under development. The adaptation of conventional preparation methods, such as electrospinning, induced phase separation of polymer solutions or porogen leaching, which were developed originally for other research areas, are described. In addition, the utilization of novel fabrication techniques, such as rapid prototyping or solid free-form procedures, with their many different methods to generate or to embody scaffold structures or the usage of self-assembly systems that mimic the properties of the extracellular matrix are also described. These methods are reviewed and evaluated with specific regard to their utility in the area of tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Weigel
- Department of Polymer Technology, Institute of Polymer Research, GKSS Research Center Geesthacht, Kantstr 55, D-14513 Teltow, Germany.
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Muthukumar T, Prabu P, Ghosh K, Sastry TP. Fish scale collagen sponge incorporated with Macrotyloma uniflorum plant extract as a possible wound/burn dressing material. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2014; 113:207-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2013.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Revised: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Mathur A, Loskill P, Hong S, Lee J, Marcus SG, Dumont L, Conklin BR, Willenbring H, Lee LP, Healy KE. Human induced pluripotent stem cell-based microphysiological tissue models of myocardium and liver for drug development. Stem Cell Res Ther 2013; 4 Suppl 1:S14. [PMID: 24565415 PMCID: PMC4029618 DOI: 10.1186/scrt375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug discovery and development to date has relied on animal models, which are useful but are often expensive, slow, and fail to mimic human physiology. The discovery of human induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells has led to the emergence of a new paradigm of drug screening using human and disease-specific organ-like cultures in a dish. Although classical static culture systems are useful for initial screening and toxicity testing, they lack the organization of differentiated iPS cells into microphysiological, organ-like structures deemed necessary for high-content analysis of candidate drugs. One promising approach to produce these organ-like structures is the use of advanced microfluidic systems, which can simulate tissue structure and function at a micron level, and can provide high-throughput testing of different compounds for therapeutic and diagnostic applications. Here, we provide a brief outline on the different approaches, which have been used to engineer in vitro tissue constructs of iPS cell-based myocardium and liver functions on chip. Combining these techniques with iPS cell biology has the potential of reducing the dependence on animal studies for drug toxicity and efficacy screening.
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Uygun BE, Yarmush ML. Engineered liver for transplantation. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2013; 24:893-9. [PMID: 23791465 PMCID: PMC3783566 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2013.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Revised: 05/20/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Orthotopic liver transplantation is the only definitive treatment for end stage liver failure and the shortage of donor organs severely limits the number of patients receiving transplants. Liver tissue engineering aims to address the donor liver shortage by creating functional tissue constructs to replace a damaged or failing liver. Despite decades of work, various bottoms-up, synthetic biomaterials approaches have failed to produce a functional construct suitable for transplantation. Recently, a new strategy has emerged using whole organ scaffolds as a vehicle for tissue engineering. This technique involves preparation of these organ scaffolds via perfusion decellularization with the resulting scaffold retaining the circulatory network of the native organ. This important phenomenon allows for the construct to be repopulated with cells and to be connected to the blood torrent upon transplantation. This opinion paper presents the current advances and discusses the challenges of creating fully functional transplantable liver grafts with this whole liver engineering approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basak E Uygun
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School and Shriners Hospitals for Children in Boston, 51 Blossom Street, Boston, MA 02114 USA, Phone: 1-617-371-4879, Fax: 617-573-9471
| | - Martin L Yarmush
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School and Shriners Hospitals for Children in Boston and the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, 599 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, Phone: 1-617-371-4882, Fax: 617-573-9471
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Li Q, Huang C, Xu Z, Liu G, Liu Y, Xiao Z, Nie C, Zheng B, Yang D. The fetal porcine aorta and mesenteric acellular matrix as small-caliber tissue engineering vessels and microvasculature scaffold. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2013; 37:822-32. [PMID: 23817746 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-013-0173-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2012] [Accepted: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The extracellular matrix (ECM) is characterized by not only well-preserved scaffolds of organs and vascularized tissues, but also by extremely low immunogenicity during allo- or xeno-implantation. This study aimed to establish a model of a composite microvasculature network scaffold with a small-caliber-dominant vascular pedicle by decellularizing fetal porcine aorta and the conterminous mesentery. METHODS The aorta and the conterminous mesenteric vascular system originating from the inferior mesenteric artery were harvested from fetal pigs at late gestation. All of the cellular components were removed by sequential treatment with Triton X-100 and sodium dodecyl sulfate. After the degree of decellularization was assessed, the fetal porcine aorta and mesenteric acellular matrix (FPAMAM) were transplanted into dogs. RESULTS Gross and histologic examination demonstrated the removal of cellular constituents with preservation of ECM architecture, including macrochannels and microchannels. The residual DNA content in the FPAMAM was less than 2 %. The aorta and microchannels were perfused well, and the fetal porcine aorta had good patency for more than 3 months. CONCLUSIONS The integrity of the FPAMAM provided a scaffold for the reconstruction of a rich vascular network with numerous segmentally radiating branches. Decellularized fetal porcine vascular tissue might be a potential alternative for xenogeneic transplantation based on its optimized properties and low immunogenicity. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE II This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingchun Li
- Division of Plastic Surgery, The 2nd Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
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Pan MX, Hu PY, Cheng Y, Cai LQ, Rao XH, Wang Y, Gao Y. An efficient method for decellularization of the rat liver. J Formos Med Assoc 2013; 113:680-7. [PMID: 23849456 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2013.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2012] [Revised: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Using gradient ionic detergent, we optimized the preparation procedure for the decellularized liver biologic scaffold, and analyzed its immunogenicity and biocompatibility. METHODS EDTA, hypotonic alkaline solution, Triton X-100, and gradient sodium dodecyl sulfate (1%, 0.5%, and 0.1%, respectively) were prepared for continuous perfusion through the hepatic vascular system. The decellularization of the liver tissue was performed with the optimized reagent buffer and washing protocol. In addition, the preservation of the original extracellular matrix was observed. To analyze its biocompatibility, the scaffold was embedded in a heterologous animal and the inflammation features, including the surrounding cell infiltration and changes of the scaffold architecture, were detected. The cell-attachment ability was also validated by the perfusion culture of HepG2 cells with the scaffold. RESULTS By using gradient ionic detergent, we completed the decellularization process in approximately 5 h, which was shorter than >10 hours in previous experiments (p<0.001). The extracellular matrix was kept relatively intact, with no obvious inflammatory cellular infiltration or structural damage in the grafted tissue. The engraftment efficiencies of HepG2 were 86±5% (n=8). The levels of albumin and urea synthesis were significantly superior to the ones in traditional two-dimensional culture. CONCLUSION The current new method can be used efficiently for the decellularization of the liver biologic scaffold with satisfying biocomparability for application both in vivo and in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Xin Pan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Peng Yun Hu
- Department of Tumor Surgery, Xinxiang Central Hospital, Xinxiang, Henan Province, China
| | - Yuan Cheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Li Quan Cai
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiao Hui Rao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Yi Gao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
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Wang L, Li C, Chen Y, Dong S, Chen X, Zhou Y. Poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid/nanohydroxyapatite scaffold containing chitosan microspheres with adrenomedullin delivery for modulation activity of osteoblasts and vascular endothelial cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:530712. [PMID: 23841075 PMCID: PMC3693124 DOI: 10.1155/2013/530712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2013] [Revised: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Adrenomedullin (ADM) is a bioactive regulatory peptide that affects migration and proliferation of diverse cell types, including endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and osteoblast-like cells. This study investigated the effects of sustained release of ADM on the modulation activity of osteoblasts and vascular endothelial cells in vitro. Chitosan microspheres (CMs) were developed for ADM delivery. Poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid and nano-hydroxyapatite were used to prepare scaffolds containing microspheres with ADM. The CMs showed rough surface morphology and high porosity, and they were well-distributed. The scaffolds exhibited relatively uniform pore sizes with interconnected pores. The addition of CMs improved the mechanical properties of the scaffolds without affecting their high porosity. In vitro degradation tests indicated that the addition of CMs increased the water absorption of the scaffolds and inhibited pH decline of phosphate-buffered saline medium. The expression levels of osteogenic-related and angiogenic-related genes were determined in MG63 cells and in human umbilical vein endothelial cells cultured on the scaffolds, respectively. The expression levels of osteogenic-related and angiogenic-related proteins were also detected by western blot analysis. Their expression levels in cells were improved on the ADM delivery scaffolds at a certain time point. The in vitro evaluation suggests that the microsphere-scaffold system is suitable as a model for bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- VIP Integrated Department, School of Stomatology, Jilin University, 1500 Qinghua Road, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Chunyan Li
- Implant Center, School of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yingxin Chen
- VIP Integrated Department, School of Stomatology, Jilin University, 1500 Qinghua Road, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Shujun Dong
- VIP Integrated Department, School of Stomatology, Jilin University, 1500 Qinghua Road, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Xuesi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Avenue, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Yanmin Zhou
- Implant Center, School of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
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Gómez-Aristizábal A, Davies JE. The effects of human umbilical cord perivascular cells on rat hepatocyte structure and functional polarity. Biochem Cell Biol 2013; 91:140-7. [DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2012-0079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocyte culture is a useful tool for the study of their biology and the development of bioartificial livers. However, many challenges have to be overcome since hepatocytes rapidly lose their normal phenotype in vitro. We have recently demonstrated that human umbilical cord perivascular cells (HUCPVCs) are able to provide support to hepatocytes. In the present study we go further into exploring the effects that HUCPVCs have in the functional polarization, and both the internal and external organization, of hepatocytes. Also, we investigate HUCPVC–hepatocyte crosstalk by tracking both the effects of HUCPVCs on hepatocyte transcription factors and those of hepatocytes on the expression of hepatotrophic factors in HUCPVCs. Our results show that HUCPVCs maintain the functional polarity of hepatocytes ex vivo, as judged by the secretion of fluorescein into bile canaliculi, for at least 40 days. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that hepatocytes in coculture organize in an organoid-like structure embedded in extracellular matrix surrounded by HUCPVCs. In coculture, hepatocytes displayed a higher expression of C/EBPα, implicated in maintenance of the mature hepatocyte phenotype, and HUCPVCs upregulated hepatocyte growth factor and Jagged1 indicating that these genes may play important roles in HUCPVC–hepatocyte interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John Edward Davies
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, 124 Edward Street, Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, Canada
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, 164 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
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Ren H, Shi X, Tao L, Xiao J, Han B, Zhang Y, Yuan X, Ding Y. Evaluation of two decellularization methods in the development of a whole-organ decellularized rat liver scaffold. Liver Int 2013; 33:448-58. [PMID: 23301992 DOI: 10.1111/liv.12088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2012] [Accepted: 11/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIM Hepatic tissue engineering is considered as a possible alternative to liver transplantation for end-stage liver disease. Several methods of decellularization of xenogeneic liver are available to produce three-dimensional organ scaffolds for engineering liver tissues. However, rare studies have examined and compared the effectiveness of different methods on the structure and composition of intact decellularized liver extracellular matrix. METHODS Two decellularization methods were adopted herein. Their effects on collagen, elastin, glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) content and influence to the function of hepatocytes cultured in scaffolds were examined and compared. RESULTS The complete tissue decellularization was successfully achieved after treatment with sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) and Triton X-100. The total absence of nuclear structures and removal of viable cells were confirmed by haematoxylin-eosin staining and scanning electron microscopy. Collagen was preserved after both treatments. However, the elastin content decreased to about 20% and 60%, the GAGs content decreased to about 10% and 50% and the HGF content decreased to about 20% and 60% of the native liver level after SDS and Triton X-100 treatment respectively. The Triton X-100-treated scaffolds were much superior than SDS-treated scaffolds in supporting liver-specific function, including albumin secretion (P = 0.001), urea synthesis (P = 0.002), ammonia elimination (P = 0.007) and mRNA expression levels of drug metabolism enzymes. CONCLUSION This study suggested that liver extracellular matrix scaffolds constructed using perfusion of Triton X-100 as described herein might provide a more effective and ideal material for the usage in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haozhen Ren
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Affiliated DrumTower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
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Booth C, Soker T, Baptista P, Ross CL, Soker S, Farooq U, Stratta RJ, Orlando G. Liver bioengineering: Current status and future perspectives. World J Gastroenterol 2012; 18:6926-34. [PMID: 23322990 PMCID: PMC3531676 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v18.i47.6926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2012] [Revised: 11/16/2012] [Accepted: 11/24/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The present review aims to illustrate the strategies that are being implemented to regenerate or bioengineer livers for clinical purposes. There are two general pathways to liver bioengineering and regeneration. The first consists of creating a supporting scaffold, either synthetically or by decellularization of human or animal organs, and seeding cells on the scaffold, where they will mature either in bioreactors or in vivo. This strategy seems to offer the quickest route to clinical translation, as demonstrated by the development of liver organoids from rodent livers which were repopulated with organ specific cells of animal and/or human origin. Liver bioengineering has potential for transplantation and for toxicity testing during preclinical drug development. The second possibility is to induce liver regeneration of dead or resected tissue by manipulating cell pathways. In fact, it is well known that the liver has peculiar regenerative potential which allows hepatocyte hyperplasia after amputation of liver volume. Infusion of autologous bone marrow cells, which aids in liver regeneration, into patients was shown to be safe and to improve their clinical condition, but the specific cells responsible for liver regeneration have not yet been determined and the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. A complete understanding of the cell pathways and dynamics and of the functioning of liver stem cell niche is necessary for the clinical translation of regenerative medicine strategies. As well, it will be crucial to elucidate the mechanisms through which cells interact with the extracellular matrix, and how this latter supports and drives cell fate.
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Abstract
Initially hailed as the ultimate solution to organ failure, engineering of vascularized tissues such as the liver has stalled because of the need for a well-structured circulatory system that can maintain the cells seeded inside the construct. A new approach has evolved to overcome this obstacle. Whole-organ decellularization is a method that retains most of the native vascular structures of the organ, providing microcirculatory support and structure, which can be anastomosed with the recipient circulation. The technique was first applied to the heart and then adapted for the liver. Several studies have shown that cells can be eliminated, the extracellular matrix and vasculature are reasonably preserved and, after repopulation with hepatocytes, these grafts can perform hepatic functions in vitro and in vivo. Progress is rapidly being made as researchers are addressing several key challenges to whole-organ tissue engineering, such as ensuring correct cell distribution, nonparenchymal cell seeding, blood compatibility, immunological concerns, and the source of cells and matrices.
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Gibbons MC, Foley MA, Cardinal KO. Thinking inside the box: keeping tissue-engineered constructs in vitro for use as preclinical models. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2012; 19:14-30. [PMID: 22800715 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2012.0305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineers have made great strides toward the creation of living tissue replacements for a wide range of tissue types and applications, with eventual patient implantation as the primary goal. However, an alternate use of tissue-engineered constructs exists: as in vitro preclinical models for purposes such as drug screening and device testing. Tissue-engineered preclinical models have numerous potential advantages over existing models, including cultivation in three-dimensional geometries, decreased cost, increased reproducibility, precise control over cultivation conditions, and the incorporation of human cells. Over the past decade, a number of researchers have developed and used tissue-engineered constructs as preclinical models for testing pharmaceuticals, gene therapies, stents, and other technologies, with examples including blood vessels, skeletal muscle, bone, cartilage, skin, cardiac muscle, liver, cornea, reproductive tissues, adipose, small intestine, neural tissue, and kidney. The focus of this article is to review accomplishments toward the creation and use of tissue-engineered preclinical models of each of these different tissue types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Gibbons
- Department of Biomedical and General Engineering, Cal Poly San Luis Obispo, San Luis Obispo, California 93407, USA
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Wang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang S, Peng G, Liu T, Li Y, Xiang D, Wassler MJ, Shelat HS, Geng Y. Rotating Microgravity-Bioreactor Cultivation Enhances the Hepatic Differentiation of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells on Biodegradable Polymer Scaffolds. Tissue Eng Part A 2012; 18:2376-85. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2012.0097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Wang
- The Artificial Liver Lab., Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- The University of Texas Health Science Center and Texas Heart Institute, Houston, Texas
| | - Yunping Zhang
- The University of Texas Health Science Center and Texas Heart Institute, Houston, Texas
- Department of Emergency Medicine, JaoTong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shichang Zhang
- The Artificial Liver Lab., Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guangyong Peng
- Division of Immunobiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Edward A Doisy Research Center, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Tao Liu
- The Artificial Liver Lab., Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yangxin Li
- The University of Texas Health Science Center and Texas Heart Institute, Houston, Texas
| | - Dedong Xiang
- The Artificial Liver Lab., Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Michael J. Wassler
- The University of Texas Health Science Center and Texas Heart Institute, Houston, Texas
| | - Harnath S. Shelat
- The University of Texas Health Science Center and Texas Heart Institute, Houston, Texas
| | - Yongjian Geng
- The University of Texas Health Science Center and Texas Heart Institute, Houston, Texas
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Gómez-Aristizábal A, Davies JE. Human umbilical cord perivascular cells improve rat hepatocyte function ex vivo. Tissue Eng Part A 2012; 18:2487-96. [PMID: 22731670 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2011.0669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocyte functionality and survival decrease rapidly in culture, and both can be improved using bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). We have previously described an alternative, more plentiful source of MSCs coming from the perivascular area of the umbilical cord, human umbilical cord perivascular cells (HUCPVCs). Our objective was therefore to ascertain whether HUCPVCs could serve as hepatocyte stromal cells ex vivo. For this purpose, rat hepatocytes were cocultured in contact with HUCPVCs (contact coculture). Also, HUCPVCs were cocultured separated from hepatocytes with a semipermeable membrane (noncontact coculture) to assess soluble factor interactions. Next, an HUCPVC-conditioned medium (CM) was used to investigate the possibility of HUCPVC-free support, while flash-frozen HUCPVCs were employed to investigate the effects of nonsoluble interactions. In all experiments, medium samples were taken daily to assess the production of albumin. Also, at certain days, the levels of cytochrome P450 (CYP) activity and urea secretion were tested. RNA extraction was performed at the end of experiments. Our results show that HUCPVCs in contact and noncontact cocultures with hepatocytes improve albumin gene expression and secretion compared to monoculture. Flash-frozen HUCPVCs had a late improvement in albumin secretion, while CM improved it for a short period. Ureagenesis maintenance was improved by contact coculture and flash-frozen HUCPVCs. CYP activity was significantly increased in the presence of flash-frozen HUCPVCs and in noncontact cocultures. We conclude that HUCPVCs can act as stromal cells for rat hepatocytes, and that soluble and nonsoluble factors induce differential effects on hepatocytes.
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Li F, Chen YZ, Miao ZN, Zheng SY, Jin J. Human placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells with silk fibroin biomaterial in the repair of articular cartilage defects. Cell Reprogram 2012; 14:334-41. [PMID: 22816556 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2012.0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cartilage tissue engineering requires a porous biodegradable scaffold and nonimmunogenic cells with chondrogenic potential. In this study, the ability of the placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells (PMSCs) to grow on silk fibroin (SF) biomaterial was determined, and the potential of a SF biomaterial serving as a delivery vehicle for human PMSCs in a rabbit articular cartilage defects model was evaluated. Human PMSCs were maintained in vitro in an allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reactions (MLR) system to investigate the suppressive effects on T cell proliferation. A total of 12 healthy adult New Zealand rabbits were implanted with a PMSC/SF biomaterial complex after articular cartilage defects of the femoral condyle in the knee were established. The repair of the articular cartilage defects was observed after 4 weeks, 8 weeks, and 12 weeks. Results from the MLR indicated that human PMSCs inhibited rabbit T cell responses. Knee damage was repaired by the newly formed hyaline cartilage, and within 12 weeks there was neither degeneration nor infiltration with lymphocytes or leukocytes, and no silk fibroin biomaterial residue was detected. In conclusion, the silk fibroin biomaterial can be applied as a new scaffold for cartilage tissue engineering, and implantation of human PMSCs on the cartilage can enhance repair of articular cartilage defects in a rabbit model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Li
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China
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Kasoju N, Bora U. Silk fibroin based biomimetic artificial extracellular matrix for hepatic tissue engineering applications. Biomed Mater 2012; 7:045004. [DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/7/4/045004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Berthiaume F, Maguire TJ, Yarmush ML. Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine: history, progress, and challenges. Annu Rev Chem Biomol Eng 2012; 2:403-30. [PMID: 22432625 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-061010-114257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 374] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The past three decades have seen the emergence of an endeavor called tissue engineering and regenerative medicine in which scientists, engineers, and physicians apply tools from a variety of fields to construct biological substitutes that can mimic tissues for diagnostic and research purposes and can replace (or help regenerate) diseased and injured tissues. A significant portion of this effort has been translated to actual therapies, especially in the areas of skin replacement and, to a lesser extent, cartilage repair. A good amount of thoughtful work has also yielded prototypes of other tissue substitutes such as nerve conduits, blood vessels, liver, and even heart. Forward movement to clinical product, however, has been slow. Another offshoot of these efforts has been the incorporation of some new exciting technologies (e.g., microfabrication, 3D printing) that may enable future breakthroughs. In this review we highlight the modest beginnings of the field and then describe three application examples that are in various stages of development, ranging from relatively mature (skin) to ongoing proof-of-concept (cartilage) to early stage (liver). We then discuss some of the major issues that limit the development of complex tissues, some of which are fundamentals-based, whereas others stem from the needs of the end users.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Berthiaume
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
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Adwan H, Fuller B, Seldon C, Davidson B, Seifalian A. Modifying three-dimensional scaffolds from novel nanocomposite materials using dissolvable porogen particles for use in liver tissue engineering. J Biomater Appl 2012; 28:250-61. [PMID: 22532408 PMCID: PMC4107826 DOI: 10.1177/0885328212445404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Background: Although hepatocytes have a remarkable regenerative power, the rapidity of acute liver
failure makes liver transplantation the only definitive treatment. Attempts to
incorporate engineered three-dimensional liver tissue in bioartificial liver devices or
in implantable tissue constructs, to treat or bridge patients to self-recovery, were met
with many challenges, amongst which is to find suitable polymeric matrices. We studied
the feasibility of utilising nanocomposite polymers in three-dimensional scaffolds for
hepatocytes. Materials and methods: Hepatocytes (HepG2) were seeded on a flat sheet and in three-dimensional scaffolds made
of a nanocomposite polymer (Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane [POSS]-modified
polycaprolactone urea urethane) alone as well as with porogen particles, i.e. glucose,
sodium bicarbonate and sodium chloride. The scaffold architecture, cell attachment and
morphology were studied with scanning electron microscopy, and we assessed cell
viability and functionality. Results: Cell attachment to the scaffolds was demonstrated. The scaffold made with glucose
particles as porogen showed a narrower range of pore size with higher porosity and
better inter-pore communications and seemed to encourage near normal cell morphology.
There was a steady increase of albumin secretion throughout the experiment while the
control (monolayer cell culture) showed a steep decrease after day 7. At the end of the
experiment, there was no significant difference in viability and functionality between
the scaffolds and the control. Conclusion: In this initial study, porogen particles were used to modify the scaffolds produced
from the novel polymer. Although there was no significance against the control in
functionality and viability, the demonstrable attachment on scanning electron microscopy
suggest potential roles for this polymer and in particular for scaffolds made with
glucose particles in liver tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussamuddin Adwan
- University Department of Surgery, University College London, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK.
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Chung BG, Lee KH, Khademhosseini A, Lee SH. Microfluidic fabrication of microengineered hydrogels and their application in tissue engineering. LAB ON A CHIP 2012; 12:45-59. [PMID: 22105780 DOI: 10.1039/c1lc20859d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 273] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic technologies are emerging as an enabling tool for various applications in tissue engineering and cell biology. One emerging use of microfluidic systems is the generation of shape-controlled hydrogels (i.e., microfibers, microparticles, and hydrogel building blocks) for various biological applications. Furthermore, the microfluidic fabrication of cell-laden hydrogels is of great benefit for creating artificial scaffolds. In this paper, we review the current development of microfluidic-based fabrication techniques for the creation of fibers, particles, and cell-laden hydrogels. We also highlight their emerging applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bong Geun Chung
- Department of Bionano Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan, Korea.
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