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Hamdan D, Robinson LA. Role of the CX 3CL1-CX 3CR1 axis in renal disease. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2021; 321:F121-F134. [PMID: 34121453 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00059.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive infiltration of immune cells into the kidney is a key feature of acute and chronic kidney diseases. The family of chemokines comprises key drivers of this process. Fractalkine [chemokine (C-X3-C motif) ligand 1 (CX3CL1)] is one of two unique chemokines synthesized as a transmembrane protein that undergoes proteolytic cleavage to generate a soluble species. Through interacting with its cognate receptor, chemokine (C-X3-C motif) receptor 1 (CX3CR1), CX3CL1 was originally shown to act as a conventional chemoattractant in the soluble form and as an adhesion molecule in the transmembrane form. Since then, other functions of CX3CL1 beyond leukocyte recruitment have been described, including cell survival, immunosurveillance, and cell-mediated cytotoxicity. This review summarizes diverse roles of CX3CL1 in kidney disease and potential uses as a therapeutic target and novel biomarker. As the CX3CL1-CX3CR1 axis has been shown to contribute to both detrimental and protective effects in various kidney diseases, a thorough understanding of how the expression and function of CX3CL1 are regulated is needed to unlock its therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Hamdan
- Program in Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lisa A Robinson
- Program in Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Cormican S, Griffin MD. Fractalkine (CX3CL1) and Its Receptor CX3CR1: A Promising Therapeutic Target in Chronic Kidney Disease? Front Immunol 2021; 12:664202. [PMID: 34163473 PMCID: PMC8215706 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.664202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate immune cells are key contributors to kidney inflammation and fibrosis. Infiltration of the renal parenchyma by innate immune cells is governed by multiple signalling pathways. Since the discovery of the chemokine fractalkine (CX3CL1) and its receptor, CX3CR1 over twenty years ago, a wealth of evidence has emerged linking CX3CL1-CX3CR1 signalling to renal pathologies in both acute and chronic kidney diseases (CKD). However, despite the extent of data indicating a pathogenic role for this pathway in kidney disease and its complications, no human trials of targeted therapeutic agents have been reported. Although acute autoimmune kidney disease is often successfully treated with immunomodulatory medications, there is a notable lack of treatment options for patients with progressive fibrotic CKD. In this article we revisit the CX3CL1-CX3CR1 axis and its functional roles. Furthermore we review the accumulating evidence that CX3CL1-CX3CR1 interactions mediate important events in the intra-renal pathophysiology of CKD progression, particularly via recruitment of innate immune cells into the kidney. We also consider the role that systemic activation of the CX3CL1-CX3CR1 axis in renal disease contributes to CKD-associated cardiovascular disease. Based on this evidence, we highlight the potential for therapies targeting CX3CL1 or CX3CR1 to benefit people living with CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Cormican
- Regenerative Medical Institute (REMEDI) at CÚRAM Centre for Research in Medical Devices, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
- Nephrology Services, Galway University Hospitals, Saolta University Health Group, Galway, Ireland
| | - Matthew D. Griffin
- Regenerative Medical Institute (REMEDI) at CÚRAM Centre for Research in Medical Devices, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
- Nephrology Services, Galway University Hospitals, Saolta University Health Group, Galway, Ireland
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Luo R, Guo SM, Li YQ, Yang Y, Li ML, Han M, He XF, Ge SW, Xu G. Plasma fractalkine levels are associated with renal inflammation and outcomes in immunoglobulin A nephropathy. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2020; 34:1549-1558. [PMID: 30010903 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfy169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A recognized noninvasive biomarker to improve risk stratification of immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) patients is scarce. Fractalkine has been shown to play a key role in glomerular disease as chemoattractant, adhesion and even fibrosis factor. The current study assessed the possibility of plasma fractalkine as a novel biomarker in IgAN patients. METHODS Plasma fractalkine was measured in 229 patients with renal biopsy consistent IgAN from 2012 to 2014, and clinical, pathological and prognostic relationships were analyzed. RESULTS The plasma fractalkine levels in IgAN patients were significantly correlated with the creatinine level and 24-h urine protein by both univariate and multivariate analysis. Mesangial hypercellularity was still significantly correlated with the plasma fractalkine levels even after adjustment for other potential predictor variables by multivariate analysis. In addition, the counts of CD20+ B cells or CD68+ macrophage in renal biopsies of IgAN patients were significantly correlated with the plasma fractalkine levels, but not CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Finally, we concluded that patients with higher plasma fractalkine levels had higher risk of poor renal outcome compared with those with lower plasma fractalkine levels. No association was observed between the CX3CR1 polymorphisms and clinical parameters including plasma fractalkine levels and prognosis. Recombinant fractalkine induced mesangial cells extracellular matrix synthesis and promoted the migration of microphage cells RAW264.7. CONCLUSIONS Plasma fractalkine levels were associated with creatinine level, 24-h urine protein, mesangial hypercellularity pathological damage, the CD68+ macrophage and CD20+ B cell infiltration in renal tissue and renal outcome in IgAN patients. Plasma fractalkine might be a potential prognosis novel predictor in Chinese patients with IgAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Luo
- Department of Nephrology, Division of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shui-Ming Guo
- Department of Nephrology, Division of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yue-Qiang Li
- Department of Nephrology, Division of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Division of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Meng-Lan Li
- Department of Nephrology, Division of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Min Han
- Department of Nephrology, Division of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiao-Feng He
- Department of Nephrology, Division of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shu-Wang Ge
- Department of Nephrology, Division of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Gang Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Division of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Huart J, Krzesinski JM, Jouret F. Genetic susceptibility to delayed graft function following kidney transplantation: a systematic review of the literature. Clin Kidney J 2018; 11:586-596. [PMID: 30090630 PMCID: PMC6070034 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfy020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Delayed graft function (DGF) is defined as the need for dialysis within 7 days following kidney transplantation (KTx). DGF is associated with increased costs, higher risk for acute rejection and decreased long-term graft function. Renal ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury plays a major role in DGF occurrence. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in certain genes may aggravate kidney susceptibility to I/R injury, thereby worsening post-transplant outcomes. The present article proposes an extensive review of the literature about the putative impact of donor or recipient SNPs on DGF occurrence in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs). Among 30 relevant PubMed reports, 16 articles identified an association between 18 SNPs and DGF. These polymorphisms concern 14 different well-known genes and one not-yet-identified gene located on chromosome 18. They have been categorized into five groups according to the role of the corresponding proteins in I/R cascade: (i) oxidative stress, (ii) telomere shortening, (iii) chemokines, (iv) T-cell homeostasis and (v) metabolism of anti-inflammatory molecules. The remaining 14 studies failed to demonstrate any association between the studied SNPs and the occurrence of DGF. A better understanding of the genetic susceptibility to renal I/R injury may help prevent DGF and improve clinical outcomes in KTRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Huart
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Liège Hospital (ULg CHU), Liège, Belgium.,Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée (GIGA), Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Jean-Marie Krzesinski
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Liège Hospital (ULg CHU), Liège, Belgium.,Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée (GIGA), Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - François Jouret
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Liège Hospital (ULg CHU), Liège, Belgium.,Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée (GIGA), Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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Kubo Y, Imaizumi T, Ando M, Nakatochi M, Yasuda Y, Honda H, Kuwatsuka Y, Kato S, Kikuchi K, Kondo T, Iwata M, Nakashima T, Yasui H, Takamatsu H, Okajima H, Yoshida Y, Maruyama S. Association between kidney function and genetic polymorphisms in atherosclerotic and chronic kidney diseases: A cross-sectional study in Japanese male workers. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185476. [PMID: 29016630 PMCID: PMC5634546 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been implicated in the predisposition to chronic kidney disease (CKD). Atherosclerotic disease is deeply involved in the incidence of CKD; however, whether SNPs related to arteriosclerosis are involved in CKD remains unclear. This study aimed to identify SNPs associated with CKD and to examine whether risk allele accumulation is associated with CKD. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study using data of 4814 male workers to examine the association between estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and 59 candidate polymorphisms (17 CKD, 42 atherosclerotic diseases). We defined the genetic risk score (GRS) as the total number of risk alleles that showed a significant association in this analysis and examined the relationship with CKD (eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.73m2). Multivariate logistic regression, discrimination by area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, integrated discrimination improvement (IDI), and category-free net reclassification improvement (cNRI) were evaluated. Results In total, 432 participants were categorized as having CKD. We found eight candidate SNPs with P value < 0.05 (CX3CR1 rs3732379, SHROOM3 rs17319721, MTP rs1800591, PIP5K1B rs4744712, APOA5 rs662799, BRAP rs3782886, SPATA5L1 rs2467853, and MCP1 rs1024611) in the multivariate linear regression adjusted for age, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, and fasting blood glucose. Among these eight SNPs, BRAP rs3782886 and SPATA5L1 rs2467853 were significantly associated with eGFR (false discovery rate < 0.05). GRS was significantly associated with CKD (odds ratio, 1.17; 95% confidence interval, 1.09–1.26). C-statisics improved from 0.775 to 0.780 but showed no statistical significance. However, adding GRS significantly improved IDI and cNRI (0.0057, P = 0.0028, and 0.212, P < 0.001, respectively). Conclusions After adjustment for clinical factors, kidney function was associated with BRAP rs3782886 and SPATA5L1 rs2467853 and the GRS for CKD that we developed was associated CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Kubo
- Center for Advanced Medicine and Clinical Research, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takahiro Imaizumi
- Department of Nephrology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masahiko Ando
- Center for Advanced Medicine and Clinical Research, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Masahiro Nakatochi
- Center for Advanced Medicine and Clinical Research, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshinari Yasuda
- Department of CKD Initiatives, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Honda
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yachiyo Kuwatsuka
- Center for Advanced Medicine and Clinical Research, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Sawako Kato
- Department of Nephrology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kyoko Kikuchi
- Department of Nephrology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takaaki Kondo
- Program in Radiological and Medical Laboratory Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Iwata
- Safety and Health Promotion Division, Toyota Motor Corporation, Toyota, Japan
| | - Toru Nakashima
- Safety and Health Promotion Division, Toyota Motor Corporation, Toyota, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yasui
- Safety and Health Promotion Division, Toyota Motor Corporation, Toyota, Japan
| | - Hideki Takamatsu
- R & D Management Division, Toyota Motor Corporation, Toyota, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Okajima
- R & D Management Division, Toyota Motor Corporation, Toyota, Japan
| | - Yasuko Yoshida
- Innovative Research Center for Preventative Medical Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shoichi Maruyama
- Department of Nephrology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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Macrophage density in early surveillance biopsies predicts future renal transplant function. Kidney Int 2017; 92:479-489. [PMID: 28359537 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2017.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation impairs renal allograft survival but is difficult to quantify by eye at low densities. Here we measured leukocyte abundance in early surveillance biopsies by digital image analysis to test for a role of chemokine receptor genotypes and analyze the predictive value of leukocyte subsets to allograft function. In six-week surveillance biopsies, T-cell (CD3), B-cell (CD20), macrophage (CD68), and dendritic cell (CD209) densities were assessed in whole slide scans. Renal cortical CD3, CD20, and CD68 were significantly higher in histologic rejection. The CCR2 V64I genotype was associated with lower CD3 and CD209 densities. Above-median CD68 density was significantly associated with lower combined patient and graft survival with a hazard ratio of 3.5 (95% confidence interval 1.1-11.0). Both CD20 and CD68 densities inversely correlated with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) four years after transplantation. Additionally, CD68 correlated with eGFR loss. Among histological measurements including a complete Banff classification, only CD68 density was a significant predictor of an eGFR under 30ml/min after four years (odds ratio 7.4, 1.8-31.0) and part of the best eGFR prediction set in a multivariable linear regression analysis of multiple clinical and pathologic parameters. In a second independent cohort, the original CD68 median maintained its discriminative power for survival and eGFR. Thus, digital high-resolution assessment of CD68+ leukocyte infiltration significantly improves prognostic value of early renal transplant biopsies.
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Zhuang Q, Cheng K, Ming Y. CX3CL1/CX3CR1 Axis, as the Therapeutic Potential in Renal Diseases: Friend or Foe? Curr Gene Ther 2017; 17:442-452. [PMID: 29446734 PMCID: PMC5902862 DOI: 10.2174/1566523218666180214092536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The fractalkine receptor chemokine (C-X3-C motif) receptor 1 (CX3CR1) and its highly selective ligand CX3CL1 mediate chemotaxis and adhesion of immune cells, which are involved in the pathogenesis and progression of numerous inflammatory disorders and malignancies. The CX3CL1/CX3CR1 axis has recently drawn attention as a potential therapeutic target because it is involved in the ontogeny, homeostatic migration, or colonization of renal phagocytes. We performed a Medline/PubMed search to detect recently published studies that explored the relationship between the CX3CL1/CX3CR1 axis and renal diseases and disorders, including diabetic nephropathy, renal allograft rejection, infectious renal diseases, IgA nephropathy, fibrotic kidney disease, lupus nephritis and glomerulonephritis, acute kidney injury and renal carcinoma. Most studies demonstrated its role in promoting renal pathopoiesis; however, several recent studies showed that the CX3CL1/CX3CR1 axis could also reduce renal pathopoiesis. Thus, the CX3CL1/CX3CR1 axis is now considered to be a double-edged sword that could provide novel perspectives into the pathogenesis and treatment of renal diseases and disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Zhuang
- Transplantation Center of the 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan410013, China
| | - Ke Cheng
- Transplantation Center of the 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan410013, China
| | - Yingzi Ming
- Transplantation Center of the 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan410013, China
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Bagci B, Bagci G, Huzmeli C, Sezgin I, Ozdemir O. Associations of fractalkine receptor (CX3CR1) and CCR5 gene variants with hypertension, diabetes and atherosclerosis in chronic renal failure patients undergoing hemodialysis. Int Urol Nephrol 2016; 48:1163-70. [PMID: 27118566 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-016-1293-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to investigate the associations of fractalkine receptor (CX3CR1) V249I, T280M and CCR5-59029 A/G gene polymorphisms in chronic renal failure (CRF) subjects undergoing hemodialysis and to evaluate possible associations of these polymorphisms with hypertension (HT), diabetes mellitus (DM) and atherosclerosis (AS). METHODS A total of 225 CRF subjects undergoing hemodialysis and 201 healthy controls were enrolled in the study. CRF subjects were divided into three major subgroups according to comorbidities including HT (n = 127), DM (n = 65) and AS (n = 33). Genotyping was done using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. RESULTS The II genotype and I allele frequencies of CX3CR1 V249I polymorphism were found significantly more frequent in CRF subjects, CRF subjects with DM and CRF subjects with AS compared with controls (p < 0.05 for all comparisons). G allele frequency of CCR5 polymorphism was found significantly more prevalent in CRF subjects with DM than that of controls. Further, GG genotype and G allele frequencies of CCR5 polymorphism were significantly more prevalent in CRF subjects with AS compared with controls (p < 0.05). We also explored these polymorphisms among CRF subjects with and without following comorbidities: HT, DM, AS. We found significant association between CRF subjects with HT and without HT in terms of genotype and allele frequencies of V249I polymorphism (p < 0.05). CX3CR1 T280M polymorphism was not found significantly different in none of the comparisons. CONCLUSION These data demonstrate possible associations between CX3CR1 V249I and CCR5-59029 A/G polymorphisms and/or HT, DM and AS in CRF subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binnur Bagci
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, Cumhuriyet University, 58140, Sivas, Turkey.
- Advanced Technology Research Center, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey.
| | - Gokhan Bagci
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Can Huzmeli
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Ilhan Sezgin
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Ozturk Ozdemir
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Canakkale On Sekiz Mart University, Canakkale, Turkey
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