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Zhao Y, Main K, Aujla T, Keshavjee S, Liu M. Necroptosis in Organ Transplantation: Mechanisms and Potential Therapeutic Targets. Cells 2023; 12:2296. [PMID: 37759518 PMCID: PMC10527210 DOI: 10.3390/cells12182296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Organ transplantation remains the only treatment option for patients with end-stage organ dysfunction. However, there are numerous limitations that challenge its clinical application, including the shortage of organ donations, the quality of donated organs, injury during organ preservation and reperfusion, primary and chronic graft dysfunction, acute and chronic rejection, infection, and carcinogenesis in post-transplantation patients. Acute and chronic inflammation and cell death are two major underlying mechanisms for graft injury. Necroptosis is a type of programmed cell death involved in many diseases and has been studied in the setting of all major solid organ transplants, including the kidney, heart, liver, and lung. It is determined by the underlying donor organ conditions (e.g., age, alcohol consumption, fatty liver, hemorrhage shock, donation after circulatory death, etc.), preservation conditions and reperfusion, and allograft rejection. The specific molecular mechanisms of necroptosis have been uncovered in the organ transplantation setting, and potential targeting drugs have been identified. We hope this review article will promote more clinical research to determine the role of necroptosis and other types of programmed cell death in solid organ transplantation to alleviate the clinical burden of ischemia-reperfusion injury and graft rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajin Zhao
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; (Y.Z.); (K.M.); (T.A.); (S.K.)
| | - Kimberly Main
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; (Y.Z.); (K.M.); (T.A.); (S.K.)
- Institute of Medical Science, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Tanroop Aujla
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; (Y.Z.); (K.M.); (T.A.); (S.K.)
- Department of Physiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Shaf Keshavjee
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; (Y.Z.); (K.M.); (T.A.); (S.K.)
- Institute of Medical Science, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1P5, Canada
| | - Mingyao Liu
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; (Y.Z.); (K.M.); (T.A.); (S.K.)
- Institute of Medical Science, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Physiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1P5, Canada
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Simvastatin-loaded nano-niosomes efficiently downregulates the MAPK-NF-κB pathway during the acute phase of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:10377-10385. [PMID: 36097124 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07891-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Simvastatin can potentially mitigate acute inflammatory phase of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. However, these effects negatively influenced by its poor bioavailability, low water solubility and high metabolism. Here, we investigated the effects of SIM-loaded nano-niosomes on a rat model of MI/R injury to find a drug delivery method to tackle the barriers. METHODS Nano-niosomes' characteristics were identified using dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy. Fifty male Wistar rats were divided into five groups: Sham; MI/R; MI/R + nano-niosome; MI/R + SIM; MI/R + SIM-loaded nano-niosomes. Left anterior descending artery was ligated for 45 min, and 3 mg/kg SIM, nano-niosomes, or SIM-loaded nano-niosomes was intramyocardially injected ten min before the onset of reperfusion. ELISA assay was used to assess cardiac injury markers (cTnI, CK-MB) and inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, TGF-β, MPC-1). Expression level of MAPK-NF-κB and histopathological changes were evaluated by western blot and hematoxylin & eosin staining, respectively. RESULTS the size of nano-niosome was 137 nm, reached to 163 nm when simvastatin was loaded. To achieve optimized niosomes span 80, a drug/cholesterol ratio of 0.4 and seven min of sonication time was applied. Optimized entrapment efficiency of SIM-loaded nano-niosomes was 98.21%. Inflammatory cytokines and the expression level of MAPK and NF-κB were reduced in rats receiving SIM-loaded nano-niosomes compared to MI/R + SIM and MI/R + SIM-loaded nano-niosomes. CONCLUSION Our results showed that SIM-loaded nano-niosomes could act more efficiently than SIM in alleviating the acute inflammatory response of reperfusion injury via downregulating the activation of MAPK-NF-κB.
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Walkowski B, Kleibert M, Majka M, Wojciechowska M. Insight into the Role of the PI3K/Akt Pathway in Ischemic Injury and Post-Infarct Left Ventricular Remodeling in Normal and Diabetic Heart. Cells 2022; 11:cells11091553. [PMID: 35563860 PMCID: PMC9105930 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the significant decline in mortality, cardiovascular diseases are still the leading cause of death worldwide. Among them, myocardial infarction (MI) seems to be the most important. A further decline in the death rate may be achieved by the introduction of molecularly targeted drugs. It seems that the components of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway are good candidates for this. The PI3K/Akt pathway plays a key role in the regulation of the growth and survival of cells, such as cardiomyocytes. In addition, it has been shown that the activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway results in the alleviation of the negative post-infarct changes in the myocardium and is impaired in the state of diabetes. In this article, the role of this pathway was described in each step of ischemia and subsequent left ventricular remodeling. In addition, we point out the most promising substances which need more investigation before introduction into clinical practice. Moreover, we present the impact of diabetes and widely used cardiac and antidiabetic drugs on the PI3K/Akt pathway and discuss the molecular mechanism of its effects on myocardial ischemia and left ventricular remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Walkowski
- Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1b, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (B.W.); (M.W.)
| | - Marcin Kleibert
- Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1b, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (B.W.); (M.W.)
- Correspondence: (M.K.); (M.M.)
| | - Miłosz Majka
- Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1b, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (B.W.); (M.W.)
- Correspondence: (M.K.); (M.M.)
| | - Małgorzata Wojciechowska
- Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1b, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (B.W.); (M.W.)
- Invasive Cardiology Unit, Independent Public Specialist Western Hospital John Paul II, Daleka 11, 05-825 Grodzisk Mazowiecki, Poland
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The following was originally published in ACUPUNCTURE & ELECTRO-THERAPEUTICS RES., INT. J., Vol. 46, pp. 357-369, 2021. ACUPUNCTURE ELECTRO 2021. [DOI: 10.3727/036012921x16237619666067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Leng Y, Zhang Y, Li X, Wang Z, Zhuang Q, Lu Y. Receptor Interacting Protein Kinases 1/3: The Potential Therapeutic Target for Cardiovascular Inflammatory Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:762334. [PMID: 34867386 PMCID: PMC8637748 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.762334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The receptor interacting protein kinases 1/3 (RIPK1/3) have emerged as the key mediators in cell death pathways and inflammatory signaling, whose ubiquitination, phosphorylation, and inhibition could regulate the necroptosis and apoptosis effectually. Recently, more and more studies show great interest in the mechanisms and the regulator of RIPK1/3-mediated inflammatory response and in the physiopathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. The crosstalk of autophagy and necroptosis in cardiomyocyte death is a nonnegligible conversation of cell death. We elaborated on RIPK1/3-mediated necroptosis, pathways involved, the latest regulatory molecules and therapeutic targets in terms of ischemia reperfusion, myocardial remodeling, myocarditis, atherosclerosis, abdominal aortic aneurysm, and cardiovascular transplantation, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Leng
- Clinical Research Center of the 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Transplantation Center of the 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zeyu Wang
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Quan Zhuang
- Transplantation Center of the 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Research Center of National Health Ministry on Transplantation Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Yao Lu
- Clinical Research Center of the 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Simvastatin-loaded nano-niosomes confer cardioprotection against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2021; 12:1423-1432. [PMID: 34165730 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-021-01019-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Although simvastatin (SIM) has been proven to be a powerful agent against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) injury, poor water solubility, short half-life, and low bioavailability have made it futile while using conventional drug delivery system. Hence, this study aims to investigate therapeutic efficacy of SIM-loaded nano-niosomes on MI/R injury. Surface active agent film hydration method was used to synthesize nano-niosomes. The physicochemical properties of nano-niosomes were characterized using dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Moreover, niosomes were characterized in entrapment efficiency (EE) and releasing pattern. Male Wistar rats were assigned into five groups (sham, MI/R, SIM, nano-niosomes, and SIM-loaded nano-niosomes). To induce MI/R, left thoracotomy was performed along mid-axillary line. The LAD ligation lasted for 45 min. A single dose (3 mg/kg) of drug formulations was injected into myocardial. Echocardiography was performed to evaluate cardiac function. The expression of the necroptosis markers was evaluated using western blot assay. Particle size of only nano-niosomes was about 137 nm, whereas a shift to 163 nm was observed in nano-niosomes containing SIM. Optimized niosomes were achieved by span 80, drug to cholesterol ratio of 0.4 with 7-min sonication time. EE of optimized nano-niosomes containing SIM was 98.21%. The effects of nano-niosomes containing on improving cardiac function and inhibiting necroptosis pathway was more efficient than the SIM group. Our findings have suggested that nano-niosomes can be applied as a notable drug delivery method to augment stability, bioavailability, and therapeutic efficacy of SIM, when it used against myocardial I/R injury.
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Wang X, O'Brien ME, Yu J, Xu C, Zhang Q, Lu S, Liang L, An X, McDyer JF, Mallampalli RK. Prolonged Cold Ischemia Induces Necroptotic Cell Death in Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury and Contributes to Primary Graft Dysfunction after Lung Transplantation. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2020; 61:244-256. [PMID: 30742487 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2018-0207oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary graft dysfunction (PGD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality after lung transplantation. Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is a key event that contributes to PGD, though complex interactions affect donor lungs status, such as preceding brain death (BD), hemorrhagic shock (HS), and pre-engraftment lung management, the latter recognized as important risk factors for PGD. We hypothesized that a multi-hit isogenic mouse model of lung transplantation is more closely linked to PGD than IRI alone. Left lung transplants were performed between inbred C57BL/6 mice. A one-hit model of IRI was established by inducing cold ischemia (CI) of the donor lungs at 0°C for 1, 72, or 96 hours before engraftment. Multi-hit models were established by inducing 24 hours of HS and/or 3 hours of BD before 24 hours of CI. The recipients were killed at 24 hours after transplant and lung graft samples were analyzed. In the one-hit model of IRI, up to 72-hour CI time resulted in minimal cellular infiltration near small arteries after 24-hour reperfusion. Extension of CI time to 96 hours led to increased cellular infiltration and necroptotic pathway activation, without evidence of apoptosis, after 24-hour reperfusion. In a multi-hit model of PGD, "HS + BD + IRI" demonstrated increased lung injury, cellular infiltration, and activation of necroptotic and apoptotic pathways compared with IRI alone. Treatment with an inhibitor of receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 kinase, necrostatin-1, resulted in a significant decrease of downstream necroptotic pathway activation in both single- and multi-hit models of IRI. Thus, activation of necroptosis is a central event in IRI after prolonged CI, though it may not be sufficient to cause PGD alone. Pathological evaluation of donor lungs after CI-induced IRI, in conjunction with pre-engraftment donor lung factors in our multi-hit model, demonstrated early evidence of lung injury consistent with PGD. Our findings support the premise that pre-existing donor lung status is more important than CI time alone for inflammatory pathway activation in PGD, which may have important clinical implications for donor lung retrieval.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingan Wang
- 1Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine.,2Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence.,3Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael Emmet O'Brien
- 1Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine.,2Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence
| | - Junyi Yu
- 1Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine.,2Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence.,4Hand and Microsurgery Department, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Che Xu
- 1Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine.,2Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence.,5Department of Biotherapy, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- 1Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine.,2Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence.,6Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; and
| | - Songjian Lu
- 7Department of Biomedical Informatics, and.,8Center for Causal Discovery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Lifan Liang
- 7Department of Biomedical Informatics, and.,8Center for Causal Discovery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Xiaojing An
- 1Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine.,2Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence
| | - John F McDyer
- 1Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine.,2Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence.,3Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Rama K Mallampalli
- 1Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine.,2Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence.,9Medical Specialty Service Line, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Wang J, Toan S, Zhou H. Mitochondrial quality control in cardiac microvascular ischemia-reperfusion injury: New insights into the mechanisms and therapeutic potentials. Pharmacol Res 2020; 156:104771. [PMID: 32234339 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Thrombolytic therapy and revascularization strategies create a complete recanalization of the occluded epicardial coronary artery in patients with myocardial infarction (MI). However, about 35 % of patients still experience an impaired myocardial reperfusion, which is termed a no-reflow phenomenon mainly caused by cardiac microvascular ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Mitochondria are essential for microvascular endothelial cells' survival, both because of their roles as metabolic energy producers and as regulators of programmed cell death. Mitochondrial structure and function are regulated by a mitochondrial quality control (MQC) system, a series of processes including mitochondrial biogenesis, mitochondrial dynamics/mitophagy, mitochondrial proteostasis, and mitochondria-mediated cell death. Our review discusses the MQC mechanisms and how they are linked to cardiac microvascular I/R injury. Additionally, we will summarize the molecular basis that results in defective MQC mechanisms and present potential therapeutic interventions for improving MQC in cardiac microvascular I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- Chinese PLA General Hospital, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Sam Toan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Minnesota-Duluth, Duluth, MN 55812, USA
| | - Hao Zhou
- Chinese PLA General Hospital, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, China.
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Tajbakhsh A, Kovanen PT, Rezaee M, Banach M, Moallem SA, Sahebkar A. Regulation of efferocytosis by caspase-dependent apoptotic cell death in atherosclerosis. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2020; 120:105684. [PMID: 31911118 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2020.105684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
During the growing process of the atherosclerotic lesions, lipid-filled macrophage foam cells form, accumulate, and ultimately undergo apoptotic death. If the apoptotic foam cells are not timely removed, they may undergo secondary necrosis, and form a necrotic lipid core which renders the plaque unstable and susceptible to rupture. Therefore, the non-lipid-filled fellow macrophages, as the main phagocytic cells in atherosclerotic lesions, need to effectively remove the apoptotic foam cells. In general, in apoptotic macrophages, caspases are the central regulators of several key processes required for their efficient efferocytosis. The processes include the generation of "Find-Me" signals (such as adenosine triphosphate/uridine triphosphate, fractalkine, lysophosphatidylcholine, and sphingosine-1-phosphate) for the recruitment of viable macrophages, generation of the "Eat-Me" signals (for example, phosphatidylserine) for the engulfment process, and, finally, release of anti-inflammatory mediators (including transforming factor β and interleukin-10) as a tolerance-enhancing and an anti-inflammatory response, and for the motile behavior of the apoptotic cell. The caspase-dependent mechanisms are operative also in apoptotic macrophages driving the atherogenesis. In this review, we explore the role of the molecular pathways related to the caspase-dependent events in efferocytosis in the context of atherosclerosis. Understanding of the molecular mechanisms of apoptotic cell death in atherosclerotic lesions is essential when searching for new leads to treat atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Tajbakhsh
- Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran; Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Mahdi Rezaee
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Hypertension, WAM University Hospital in Lodz, Medical University of Lodz, Zeromskiego 113, Lodz, Poland; Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), Lodz, Poland
| | - Seyed Adel Moallem
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Al-Zahraa University, Karbala, Iraq
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Nielsen MB, Krogstrup NV, Oltean M, Nieuwenhuijs-Moeke GJ, Dor FJMF, Birn H, Jespersen B. Remote ischaemic conditioning and early changes in plasma creatinine as markers of one year kidney graft function-A follow-up of the CONTEXT study. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0226882. [PMID: 31887168 PMCID: PMC6936785 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischaemia-reperfusion injury in kidney transplantation leads to delayed graft function (DGF), which is associated with reduced long term graft function. Remote ischaemic conditioning (RIC) improved early kidney graft function in a porcine model of donation after brain death and was associated with improved long-term cardiac outcome after myocardial ischaemia. This randomised, double-blinded trial evaluated the effect of RIC on kidney graft outcome in the first year, and examined the predictive value of a new measure of initial kidney graft function, i.e. the estimated time to a 50% reduction in plasma creatinine post-transplantation (tCr50). METHODS A total of 225 patients undergoing deceased donor kidney transplantation were randomised to RIC or a sham procedure performed prior to kidney reperfusion. Up to four repetitive cycles of five minutes of leg ischaemia and five minutes of reperfusion were given. GFR, plasma creatinine, cystatin C and neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin (NGAL) were measured at three and twelve months and estimated GFR was calculated using four different equations. Other secondary outcomes were identified from patient files. RESULTS RIC did not affect GFR or other outcomes when compared to the sham procedure at three or twelve months. tCr50 correlated with one year graft function (p<0.0001 for both mGFR and eGFR estimates). In contrast, DGF i.e. "need of dialysis the first week" did not correlate significantly with one year GFR. CONCLUSION RIC during deceased donor kidney transplantation did not improve one year outcome. However, tCr50 may be a relevant marker for studies aiming to improve graft onset. TRIAL REGISTRATION www.ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01395719.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie B. Nielsen
- Department of Renal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Departments of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- * E-mail:
| | - Nicoline V. Krogstrup
- Department of Renal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Renal Medicine, Herlev Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Mihai Oltean
- The Transplant Institute, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Frank J. M. F. Dor
- Division of HPB & Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Imperial College Renal and Transplant Centre, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Henrik Birn
- Department of Renal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Bente Jespersen
- Department of Renal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Departments of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Yan Y, Lv X, Ma J, Hong G, Li S, Shen J, Chen H, Cao K, Chen S, Cheng T, Dong C, Han J, Ma H, Wu M, Wang X, Xing C, Zhu Y, Shen L, Wang Y, Tong F, Wang Z. Simvastatin Alleviates Intestinal Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury by Modulating Omi/HtrA2 Signaling Pathways. Transplant Proc 2019; 51:2798-2807. [PMID: 31351770 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2019.04.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The objective of this research was to survey the therapeutic action of simvastatin (Sim) on intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury (II/RI) by modulating Omi/HtrA2 signaling pathways. METHODS Sprague Dawley rats were pretreated with 40 mg/kg Sim and then subjected to 1 hour of ischemia and 3 hours of reperfusion. The blood and intestinal tissues were collected, pathologic injury was observed, the contents of serum tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were estimated, and superoxide dismutase, methane dicarboxylic aldehyde, and cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-3 (caspase-3) levels, as well as the expressions of Omi/HtrA2 and caspase-3, were measured in the intestinal tissues. RESULTS Sim preconditioning mitigated the damnification of intestinal tissues by decreasing oxidative stress, inflammatory damage, and apoptosis and downregulating the expression of Omi/HtrA2 compared to the ischemia/reperfusion group, while Sim+Ucf-101 significantly augmented this effect. CONCLUSION These results suggest that Sim may alleviate intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury by modulating Omi/HtrA2 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, The Third Clinical Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoni Lv
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Army 952 Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Geermu, Qinghai, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Grade 2016, Clinical Medicine, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing, ZJ, PR China
| | - Ganji Hong
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Shikai Li
- Grade 2016, Clinical Medicine, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing, ZJ, PR China
| | - Jiahao Shen
- Grade 2016, Clinical Medicine, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing, ZJ, PR China
| | - Haotian Chen
- Grade 2016, Clinical Medicine, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing, ZJ, PR China
| | - Kailei Cao
- Grade 2016, Clinical Medicine, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing, ZJ, PR China
| | - Senjiang Chen
- Grade 2016, Clinical Medicine, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing, ZJ, PR China
| | - Tao Cheng
- Grade 2016, Clinical Medicine, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing, ZJ, PR China
| | - Chaojie Dong
- Grade 2016, Clinical Medicine, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing, ZJ, PR China
| | - Jiahui Han
- Grade 2016, Clinical Medicine, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing, ZJ, PR China
| | - Heng Ma
- Grade 2016, Clinical Medicine, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing, ZJ, PR China
| | - Mingkang Wu
- Grade 2016, Clinical Medicine, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing, ZJ, PR China
| | - Xin Wang
- Grade 2016, Clinical Medicine, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing, ZJ, PR China
| | - Chenkai Xing
- Grade 2016, Clinical Medicine, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing, ZJ, PR China
| | - Yutao Zhu
- Grade 2016, Clinical Medicine, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing, ZJ, PR China
| | - Lanyu Shen
- Grade 2016, Clinical Medicine, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing, ZJ, PR China
| | - Yini Wang
- Department of Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Fei Tong
- Department of Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China; Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Provincial Key Discipline of Pharmacology, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing, China.
| | - Zhongchao Wang
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Shanxi Cardiovascular Disease Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.
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Sun W, Pan R, Song J, Sun H. The effects of simvastatin preconditioning on the expression of caspase-3 after myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury in rats. Exp Ther Med 2019; 17:2230-2234. [PMID: 30783483 PMCID: PMC6364223 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Effect of simvastatin on the expression of caspase-3 in myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury in rats was observed to explore the protective effect of caspase-3 through anti-apoptosis mechanism. A total of 48 healthy male SD rats weighing 160–240 g were selected and divided into 4 groups randomly, namely, the blank group, the sham operation group, the ischemia-reperfusion group and the simvastatin group, with 12 rats in each group. The model of SD rats was made by ligation. The loosen ligature made the reperfusion animal model, the occurrence of arrhythmia in the electrocardiogram of lead II in the experimental animal model was observed, and the area of myocardial infarction in the experimental animal models was detected. The number of apoptotic cells was detected by immunohistochemistry, and the expression of caspase-3 was detected by western blotting. The infarct area in the simvastatin group was significantly lower than the ischemia reperfusion group (P<0.05). The positive rate of the expression of caspase-3 and the positive rate of the expression of apoptotic cells in the ischemic reperfusion and simvastatin groups were significantly higher than that of the blank and sham operation groups, and the positive rate of the expression of caspase-3 and apoptotic cells in the simvastatin group was significantly lower than that of the ischemia-reperfusion group (P<0.05). The arrhythmia score of the simvastatin group was significantly lower than that of the ischemia-reperfusion group (P<0.05). Compared with the blank and sham operation groups, the expression of caspase-3 protein in the ischemia-reperfusion and simvastatin groups was significantly increased, and the expression of caspase-3 protein in the simvastatin group was significantly lower than that of the ischemia reperfusion group (P<0.05). Simvastatin has a protective effect on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, which may be related to the reduction of caspase-3 expression and inhibition of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixin Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Yancheng TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Yancheng, Jiangsu 224000, P.R. China
| | - Renyou Pan
- Department of Cardiology, Yancheng TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Yancheng, Jiangsu 224000, P.R. China
| | - Jun Song
- Department of Cardiology, Yancheng TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Yancheng, Jiangsu 224000, P.R. China
| | - Honglin Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Yancheng TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Yancheng, Jiangsu 224000, P.R. China
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13
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Antagonism of receptor interacting protein 1 using necrostatin-1 in oxidized LDL- induced endothelial injury. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 108:1809-1815. [PMID: 30372886 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.09.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidized LDL (ox-LDL) is the key risk factor of developing atherosclerosis. In endothelial cells, exposure of ox-LDL causes endothelial dysfunction and injury. In this study, we investigated the role of receptor interacting protein 1 (RIP1), one of the kinases involved in apoptosis and necroptosis mediated by the death receptor tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR), in endothelial dysfunction. We show that RIP1 is responsively induced in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) upon ox-LDL treatment. Blockage of RIP1 activity by its antagonist, necrostatin-1, ameliorates ox-LDL-induced nitric oxide (NO) reduction and induction of vascular adhesion molecules, including vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) and E-selectin, as well as adhesion of immune cells to endothelial cells. Mechanistically, we show that inactivation of RIP1 by necrostatin-1 suppressed nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) cascade signals, including activation of IKKα, nuclear factor kappa B inhibitor protein α (IκBα), accumulation of nuclear p65 and NF-κB promoter activity. Silencing of RIP1 largely attenuates the action of ox-LDL on the expression of vascular adhesion molecules and adhesion of immune cells to endothelial cells. Collectively, our data indicate that the response of RIP1 to ox-LDL and its activation are required for ox-LDL-induced endothelial injury.
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Zhe-Wei S, Li-Sha G, Yue-Chun L. The Role of Necroptosis in Cardiovascular Disease. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:721. [PMID: 30034339 PMCID: PMC6043645 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
A newly discovered mechanism of cell death, programmed necrosis (necroptosis), combines features of both necrosis and apoptosis. Necroptosis is tightly modulated by a series of characteristic signaling pathways. Activating necroptosis by ligands of death receptors requires the kinase activity of receptor-interacting protein 1 (RIP1), which mediates the activation of receptor-interacting protein 3 (RIP3) and mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL) two critical downstream mediators of necroptosis. Recently, different cytokines have been found participating in this mechanism of cell death. Necroptosis has been proposed as an important component to the pathophysiology of heart disease such as vascular atherosclerosis, ischemia-reperfusion injury, myocardial infarction and cardiac remodeling. Targeting necroptosis signaling pathways may provide therapeutic benefit in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Zhe-Wei
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ge Li-Sha
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Li Yue-Chun
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Liu Y, Sun L, Chen W, Chuai J, Shang Y, Zhang D, Fu B, Tian H, Jiang S. Combined treatment with simvastatin and rapamycin attenuates cardiac allograft rejection through the regulation of T helper 17 and regulatory T cells. Exp Ther Med 2017; 15:1941-1949. [PMID: 29434788 PMCID: PMC5776515 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.5635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Allograft rejection is an important issue post cardiac transplantation. In order to investigate the effect of combined treatment with simvastatin and rapamycin on allograft rejection, a cardiac transplantation rat model was employed in the present study. The survival time of rats following cardiac transplantation was recorded, while histopathological alterations were assessed by hematoxylin and eosin staining. The levels of transcription factors were measured by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. In addition, the levels of CD4+ interleukin (IL)-17+ cells and CD4+ forkhead box P3 (FOXP3)+ cells in the allografts and CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells in the spleens were detected by flow cytometry. The results of the current study demonstrated that, following treatment with simvastatin and rapamycin, the survival time of model rats was prolonged, and the histopathological damage was attenuated. Treatment with simvastatin and rapamycin also led to decreased retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor γt (RORγt) level, increased FOXP3 level, reduced levels of CD4+IL-17+, CD4+ T and CD8+ T cells, and increased level of CD4+FOXP3+ cells. In conclusion, the current study observed that simvastatin and rapamycin performed a synergistic effect to reduce cardiac transplantation rejection. Thus, combined therapy of simvastatin and rapamycin may be a promising adjuvant therapy to reduce rejection post cardiac transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Lu Sun
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Junbo Chuai
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Yu Shang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Harbin First Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150010, P.R. China
| | - Dongyang Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Bicheng Fu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Hai Tian
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Shulin Jiang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
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