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Mai V, Taneja A, Larjava H, Chehroudi B, MacDonald D, Luong C. Calcified carotid artery atheroma on standard dental radiographs: A public health opportunity for cardiovascular risk reduction. Am J Prev Cardiol 2024; 19:100714. [PMID: 39206343 PMCID: PMC11350465 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Calcified carotid artery atheroma (CCAA) can be identified incidentally on standard dental panoramic radiographs (DPRs). We sought to (1) determine the prevalence of CCAA on DPRs in a general dental population and (2) establish the proportion of patients in whom this would represent a new statin-indicated condition. Methods We identified patients aged ≥30 with DPRs from 2019 to 2021 from the University of British Columbia Dental Clinic. Patient charts were reviewed for use of lipid-lowering therapies (LLT) and existing statin-indicated conditions. DPRs for each patient were evaluated for the presence and characteristics of CCAA. Results Of 921 patients with a DPR and documented medical history, 548 (59.5 %) were diagnostic for evaluation of CCAA. Although 116/548 (21.2 %) of these patients had evidence of CCAA, only 25.9 % (30/116) were already on LLT; another 20.7 % (24/116) of patients with CCAA had a pre-existing statin-indicated condition but were not on LLT. Therefore, in 53.4 % (62/116) of patients with CCAA-positive DPRs, this constituted a new diagnosis of atherosclerosis not yet treated with LLT, representing 6.7 % (62/921) of the clinic population and 11.3 % of individuals with DPRs of diagnostic quality (62/548). Dyslipidemia, hypertension, coronary artery disease, diabetes, atrial fibrillation, stroke/transient ischemic attack, older age, and male sex were all found to be significant predictors of CCAA. Conclusion CCAA is a common finding among patients with DPRs and in over half of cases, the presence of CCAA represents a new diagnosis of atherosclerosis. The high prevalence of new, untreated atherosclerosis in this population indicates an opportunity for risk factor modification and collaboration between dentists and physicians to optimize patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicky Mai
- University of British Columbia, Faculty of Medicine, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Aneesha Taneja
- University of British Columbia, Division of Periodontics, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Hannu Larjava
- University of British Columbia, Division of Periodontics, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Babak Chehroudi
- University of British Columbia, Division of Periodontics, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - David MacDonald
- University of British Columbia, Division of Oral & Maxillofacial Radiology, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Christina Luong
- University of British Columbia, Division of Cardiology, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Quevedo García R, Arnaiz Díez S, Pérez Pevida E, Del Río Solá ML. Orthopantomography Detection of Atheroma Plaques and Its Relationship with Periodontal Disease and Missing Teeth. Radiol Res Pract 2024; 2024:8873720. [PMID: 38469568 PMCID: PMC10927347 DOI: 10.1155/2024/8873720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study is to determine the atheromatous plaques' prevalence in orthopantomography and their relationship with periodontal disease and missing teeth. Material and Methods. Orthopantomographs of 1,254 patients over 18 years of age from Clínica Arlanza in Lerma, Burgos, were examined between 2017 and 2021. A Planmeca ProOne® orthopantomograph (68 kV, 7 mA, and 10 sg) was used. Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS Statistics® version 25. The results of the categorical variables were described as frequencies (%). Contingency tables were made with the qualitative variables, and the chi-square test was applied to study the relationship among them. The measure of statistical power used was the relative risk (RR), which was described with its respective 95% confidence interval (CI). Student's t-test was applied to study the relationship between the qualitative variable "presence or absence of atheroma plaque" and the quantitative variable "number of teeth." Results A 6.2% prevalence of atheroma plaques was obtained from 1,079 selected X-rays. The risk in patients with periodontal disease increased as periodontal disease worsened. The risk in patients with periodontal disease increased as periodontal disease worsened as follows: healthy patients vs. periodontal patients with less than 30% bone loss in radiography: RR 0.434, 95% CI 0.181-1.041, p = 0.053 healthy patients vs. patients with between 30%-60% bone loss: RR 0.177, 95% CI 0.075-0.418, p < 0.05 healthy patients vs. patients with more than 60% bone loss: RR 0.121, 95% CI 0.041-0.355, p < 0.05. Patients with calcifications on their orthopantomograms had a lower mean teeth number (20.9 teeth) compared to patients without calcifications (24 teeth), which was statistically significant, t (1077) = -3.125, p < 0.05. Conclusions Orthopantomography can be considered a screening method to detect patients at increased cardiovascular risk who are referred for individualized study. It is important to continue research to know the real significance of these findings. Dentists should be aware of the importance of our work in our patients' systemic health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Esteban Pérez Pevida
- Faculty of Dentistry, European University Miguel de Cervantes, Valladolid, Spain
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Prados-Privado M, García Villalón J, Blázquez Torres A, Martínez-Martínez CH, Prados-Frutos JC, Ivorra C. Are Panoramic Images a Good Tool to Detect Calcified Carotid Atheroma? A Systematic Review. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11111684. [PMID: 36421398 PMCID: PMC9687198 DOI: 10.3390/biology11111684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The goal of the present review is to investigate the reliability of panoramic dental images to detect calcified carotid atheroma. The findings of this systematic review exhibit that panoramic radiographs can be used for dental diagnosis and treatment planning, as well as to detect calcified carotid artery atheroma, so it can be a tool to prevent cardiovascular diseases. Abstract To investigate the reliability of panoramic dental images to detect calcified carotid atheroma, electronic databases (PubMed, IEEE/Xplore and Embase) were searched. Outcomes included cerebrovascular disease events, cardiovascular disease events, patient previous diseases, and combined endpoints. Risk of bias was evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Hence, 15 studies were selected from 507 potential manuscripts. Five studies had a low risk of bias, while the remaining nine studies were found to have a moderate risk. Heterogeneous results were obtained but showed that patients with risk factors, such as obesity, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and smoking, and with calcified carotid atheroma on panoramic images, have a higher prevalence than healthy patients. The evidence in the literature was found to be equivocal. However, the findings of this systematic review exhibit that panoramic radiographs can be used for dental diagnosis and treatment planning, as well as to detect calcified carotid artery atheroma.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Prados-Privado
- Asisa Dental, Research Department, C/Juan Ignacio Luca de Tena, 12, 28027 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Signal Theory and Communications, Higher Polytechnic School, Universidad de Alcalá de Henares, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona, Km. 33,600, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Antonio Blázquez Torres
- Asisa Dental, Research Department, C/Juan Ignacio Luca de Tena, 12, 28027 Madrid, Spain
- SysOnline, 30001 Murcia, Spain
| | - Carlos Hugo Martínez-Martínez
- Asisa Dental, Research Department, C/Juan Ignacio Luca de Tena, 12, 28027 Madrid, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal, S/N, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Prados-Frutos
- Medical Specialties and Public Health Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28922 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Ivorra
- Asisa Dental, Research Department, C/Juan Ignacio Luca de Tena, 12, 28027 Madrid, Spain
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Cetin MB, Sezgin Y, Yılmaz MNN, Seçgin CK. Letter to the Editor: Authors' Response. Int Dent J 2022; 72:258-259. [PMID: 35131087 PMCID: PMC9275351 DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2021.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mehtap Bilgin Cetin
- Baskent University, Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Yasemin Sezgin
- Baskent University, Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Cansu Köseoǧlu Seçgin
- Baskent University, Department Of Oral And Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara, Turkey
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Wang W, Yang Z, Wang Y, Gao H, Wang Y, Zhang Q. Association between Periodontitis and Carotid Artery Calcification: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:3278351. [PMID: 34532500 PMCID: PMC8438587 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3278351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have supported the relationship between periodontitis and carotid artery calcification (CAC), but still uncertain. This systematic review is aimed at evaluating the association between periodontitis and CAC. The search was conducted in four electronic databases: PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and The Cochrane Library, supplemented by checking references of included articles and related review articles. Eligibility assessment and data extraction were conducted independently. The quality assessment and publication bias analysis were performed. The association between periodontitis and CAC was presented in odd ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI). Additional outcomes included the percentage of alveolar bone loss in CAC versus non-CAC. Twelve studies were included, and 10 were performed quantity analysis. Periodontitis with secure definition (OR = 2.02, 95%CI = 1.18 - 3.45) and insecure definition (OR = 10.78, 95%CI = 4.41 - 26.34) was associated with CAC. And a higher average percentage of alveolar bone loss (weighted mean difference = 10.84%; 95%CI = 6.40 - 15.48) was also observed in CAC patients compared to non-CAC patients. No significant publication bias was found. The results of this systematic review and meta-analysis revealed a significant relationship between periodontitis and CAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhenghao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongyu Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Kathiresan I, Sadaksharam J. Diagnostic reporting of calcified carotid atheroma in digital panoramic radiograph – A retrospective study. JOURNAL OF INDIAN ACADEMY OF ORAL MEDICINE AND RADIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/jiaomr.jiaomr_215_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Akkemik O, Kazaz H, Tamsel S, Dündar N, Sahinalp S, Ellidokuz H. A 5 years follow-up for ischemic cardiac outcomes in patients with carotid artery calcification on panoramic radiographs confirmed by doppler ultrasonography in Turkish population. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2020; 49:20190440. [PMID: 32058807 DOI: 10.1259/dmfr.20190440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of digital panoramic radiograph (DPR) for detection of carotid artery calcification (CAC) confirmed by Doppler Ultrasonography (DUSG) and to clarify the relationship between between CAC identified by DPR and cardiovascular events through a 5 year follow-up period. METHODS Of 3600 consecutive patients examined, 158 patients presented with CAC as detected by DPR. The final study group was composed of 96 patients who had CAC confirmed by DUSG or CT angiogram. The control group was composed of 62 patients who has normal DUSG. The end point of the study was the occurrence of any cardiovascular event. RESULTS 72 (75%) of the 96 patients with CAC confirmed by DUSG (16 patients had significant stenosis) had bilateral and 24 (25%) had unilateral CAS as detected by DUSG. There was a low agreement between the examination results with a κ value of 0.488 (p < 0.005) for calcification. Study data revealed that smoking, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), diabetes mellitus (DM) and diastolic hypertension were significantly more common in patients with CAC than the control group (p < 0.05). During the follow-up period, 13 subjects had myocardial infarction and 1 subject died; in the control group, 1 patient died after MI and 1 patient died of a non-cardiac event. CONCLUSION Patients with CAC detectable by DPR concomitant with COPD, DM, smoking or diastolic hypertension are more likely to suffer from vascular events. Therefore, patients with detectable carotid plaque in DPR require referral to a cardiovascular surgery clinic for further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozlem Akkemik
- Dept. of Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Yeni Yuzyil University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hakkı Kazaz
- Dept. of Cardiovascular Surgery, Private Western Anatolia Central Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Sadik Tamsel
- Dept. of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Nesrin Dündar
- Dept. of Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Sahin Sahinalp
- Dept. of Cardiovascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey
| | - Hulya Ellidokuz
- Dept. of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University, İzmir, Turkey
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Saberi Z, Jalalian F, Khajooi ARS, Dehdari E. Prevalence of Carotid Artery Calcification Detected on Panoramic Radiographs of Patients with a History of Hypertension or Myocardial Infarction. Open Dent J 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1874210601913010418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background:
Atherosclerosis is characterized by the deposition of lipids on the internal walls of blood vessels, damaging various tissues of the body by complete or partial occlusion of the vessels. Sometimes the calcified plaques in the carotid artery can be detected on panoramic radiographs, helping the practitioners decrease the risk of Cerebrovascular Accident (CAV).
Objective:
This study aimed to assess the frequency of Carotid Artery Calcification (CAC) detected in panoramic radiographs of patients with hypertension or myocardial infarction.
Methods:
A total of 400 panoramic radiographs of patients >40 years of age were evaluated. The images belonged to patients with a history of hypertension or myocardial infarction and healthy individuals referred from the AL Zahra Cardiology Department to Isfahan School of Dentistry and a private oral and maxillofacial imaging center. All the images were evaluated for the presence of CAC. Data were analyzed with SPSS 19, using the Chi-squared test, Fisher's exact test, t-test and ANOVA (α=0.05).
Results:
The prevalence rate of CAC was 4%. According to the results, there was a significant relationship between CAC and hypertension (P=0.003), with no significant relationship between the prevalence of these lesions, stage of hypertension and myocardial infarction.
Conclusion:
According to the results, the prevalence of CAC on panoramic radiographs was significant; therefore, it seems that the detection of CAC on panoramic radiographs of patients must be considered by dentists.
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Garoff M, Ahlqvist J, Edin LT, Jensen S, Levring Jäghagen E, Petäjäniemi F, Wester P, Johansson E. Bilateral vessel-outlining carotid artery calcifications in panoramic radiographs: an independent risk marker for vascular events. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2019; 19:225. [PMID: 31619183 PMCID: PMC6796463 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-019-1211-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In odontology, panoramic radiographs (PRs) are regularly performed. PRs depict the teeth and jaws as well as carotid artery calcifications (CACs). Patients with CACs on PRs have an increased risk of vascular events compared to healthy controls without CACs, but this association is often caused by more vascular events and risk factors at baseline. However, the risk of vascular events has only been analyzed based on the presence of CACs, and not their shape. Thus, this study determined if the shape of CACs in PRs affects the risk of future vascular events. Methods The study cohort included 117 consecutive patients with CACs in PRs and 121 age-matched controls without CACs. CAC shape in PRs was dichotomized into bilateral vessel-outlining CACs and other CAC shapes. Participants were followed prospectively for an endpoint of vascular events including myocardial infarction, stroke, and vascular death. Results Patients with bilateral vessel-outlining CACs had more previous vascular events than those with other CAC shapes and the healthy controls (p < 0.001, χ2). The mean follow-up duration was 9.5 years. The endpoint was reached in 83 people. Patients with bilateral vessel-outlining CACs had a higher annual risk of vascular events (7.0%) than those with other CAC shapes (4.4%) and the controls (2.6%) (p < 0.001). In multivariate analysis, bilateral vessel-outlining CACs (hazard ratio: 2.2, 95% confidence interval: 1.1–4.5) were independent risk markers for the endpoint. Conclusions Findings of bilateral vessel-outlining CACs in PRs are independent risk markers for future vascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Garoff
- Department of Odontology/Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Umeå University, SE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Jan Ahlqvist
- Department of Odontology/Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Umeå University, SE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Linda-Tereza Edin
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Sofia Jensen
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Eva Levring Jäghagen
- Department of Odontology/Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Umeå University, SE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Petäjäniemi
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Per Wester
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elias Johansson
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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Barut O, Ahlqvist J, Garoff M, Johansson E, Johansson M, Wester P, Levring Jäghagen E. Calcifications in the neck region of patients with carotid artery stenosis: a computed tomography angiography study of topographic anatomy. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2019; 129:523-530. [PMID: 31932251 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2019.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to map the vertical locations of calcified carotid plaques (CCPs), osseous anatomic structures, and calcified soft tissues in the area of the carotid artery, determine to what extent CCPs are superimposed on the cervical spine in coronal images, and analyze the differences between men and women. STUDY DESIGN Computed tomography angiography (CTA) scans of 79 patients were studied. CCPs were discovered in 152 of the total 158 neck sides. Evaluations were performed by using sagittal and coronal reformatted CTA images with maximum intensity projection. RESULTS Most of the calcified anatomic structures studied, including the carotid bifurcation, were found in close relationship to the level of the third and fourth cervical vertebrae. In the coronal view, all or most of the areas of the CCPs were superimposed on the cervical spine in 22 of 44 (50%) neck sides with CCP in women and in 37 of 108 (34.2%) in men (P = .070). CONCLUSIONS The carotid bifurcation is in close proximity to various calcified anatomic structures. This should be taken into account when diagnosing CCPs in panoramic radiographs. In the coronal view, CCPs and the cervical spine are often superimposed; thus, coronal images are not recommended for confirmation of putative carotid calcifications diagnosed on the basis of panoramic radiographs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oya Barut
- Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Department of Odontology, Umeå University, Sweden.
| | - Jan Ahlqvist
- Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Department of Odontology, Umeå University, Sweden
| | - Maria Garoff
- Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Department of Odontology, Umeå University, Sweden
| | - Elias Johansson
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Umeå University, Sweden; Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Sweden
| | - Magnus Johansson
- Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Department of Odontology, Umeå University, Sweden
| | - Per Wester
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Sweden; Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Danderyds Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eva Levring Jäghagen
- Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Department of Odontology, Umeå University, Sweden
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Carotid calcifications in panoramic radiographs are associated with future stroke or ischemic heart diseases: a long-term follow-up study. Clin Oral Investig 2018; 23:1171-1179. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-018-2533-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Santos JMO, Soares GC, Alves APNN, Kurita LM, Silva PGB, Costa FWG. Prevalence of carotid artery calcifications among 2,500 digital panoramic radiographs of an adult Brazilian population. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2018; 23:e256-e261. [PMID: 29680856 PMCID: PMC5945248 DOI: 10.4317/medoral.22350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of the present study was to analyze the epidemiological data of digital panoramic radiographs revealing suggestive images of carotid artery calcifications (CAC) from a Northeast Brazilian population. Material and Methods A cross-sectional retrospective study was conducted with 2,500 digital panoramic radiographs obtained from a single imaging reference center in Northeast Brazil. Images from individuals of both sexes and older than 18 years were included and those that did not cover the region of cervical vertebrae or presented low radiographic quality were excluded. Data were analyzed regarding prevalence, location (bilateral, right or left), sex, and age using the Chi-square test at the significance level of 5%. Results An amount of 96 (4%) patients presented suggestive images of CAC. The female sex (p=0.003) and individuals aged up to 70 years (p=0.002) were statically significant. 40.4% were found bilaterally, 37.6% on the right side (p<0.001) and 22% on the left side. Conclusions In conclusion, this study showed a low prevalence of suggestive images of CAC in digital panoramic radiographs from a Northeast Brazilian population. It was observed a higher prevalence of CAC associated with female sex, older patients, and right side location. Key words:Atherosclerosis, carotid artery, digital panoramic radiograph, prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-M-O Santos
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Odontologia, Rua Monsenhor Furtado, 1273, Rodolfo Teófilo, Fortaleza-CE, Brazil CEP: 60430-355,
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Nasseh I, Aoun G. Carotid Artery Calcification: A Digital Panoramic-Based Study. Diseases 2018; 6:diseases6010015. [PMID: 29419750 PMCID: PMC5871961 DOI: 10.3390/diseases6010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to estimate the incidence of carotid artery calcification (CAC) in a sample of Lebanese population using digital panoramic radiographs. Materials and Methods: Panoramic radiographs of 500 patients (281 females and 219 males), aged between 18 and 88 years (mean: 47.9 years), were assessed for CAC. Data collected were analyzed statistically using IBM® SPSS® for Windows version 20.0 (SPSS, Chicago, IL, USA). Results: CAC were found in 34 cases (6.8%), among them, 23 females (8.18%) and 11 males (5.02%). Six of all the calcifications were on the right side, against six on the left side, and 22 on both sides. The mean age of patients affected with CAC was 60.9 years (ranging from 18 to 88 years). Chi-square test showed no statistical significance between gender and CAC, while Spearman correlation analysis showed positive low correlation with age (r = 0.179). Conclusion: CAC can be found on routine panoramic radiographs taken in dental clinics; dentists should automatically refer the patients in question for specialized medical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Nasseh
- Department of Oral Medicine and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Georges Aoun
- Department of Oral Medicine and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon.
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Chen Y, Sun Y, Li W, Wei H, Long T, Li H, Xu Q, Liu W. Systems pharmacology dissection of the anti-stroke mechanism for the Chinese traditional medicine Xing-Nao-Jing. J Pharmacol Sci 2017; 136:16-25. [PMID: 29336875 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Xing-Nao-Jing (XNJ) is a well-known injection that has been extensively applied in clinical treatment of stroke in China. However, the underlying mechanism of clinical administration of XNJ in stroke remains unclear. In this study, a systems pharmacology strategy based on pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics data was applied to analyze the pharmacological effect of XNJ on stroke. Sixteen active compounds were filtered from XNJ through Drug-likeness (DL) and Brain-blood-barrier (BBB) evaluations. Ninety-four potential targets of these active components were identified by SysDT and SEA. Biological process and pathway enrichment analyses of these targets demonstrated that XNJ exerted anti-stroke effects by biological processes and pathways, such as the response to oxidative stress, regulation of blood pressure, calcium signaling pathway, and apoptosis. Integrating the compound-target network and stroke-related PPI network, we found that Akt1, HIF-1α and ITGB2 may play key roles in the treatment of stroke. The experiments demonstrated that oxycurcumenol may prevent PC12 cells from oxidative stress-induced cell damage. Our study indicates that XNJ has an effect on stroke by protecting neuro cells from oxidative stress-induced cell damage via HIF1α, and the research strategy at the systems pharmacology level is feasible to reveal the mechanisms of novel lead compounds from natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhua Chen
- Central Laboratory of Medical School, Peihua University, Xi'An, 710125, China.
| | - Yue Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, PLA Army General Hospital, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Wende Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, PLA Army General Hospital, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Hong Wei
- Basic Medical Science Research Center, Shaanxi Fourth People's Hospital, Xi'An, 710043, China.
| | - Tianlin Long
- Department of Neurosurgery, Bijie First People's Hospital, Bijie, 551700, China.
| | - Hua Li
- Basic Medical Science Research Center, Shaanxi Fourth People's Hospital, Xi'An, 710043, China.
| | - Quanhua Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Bijie First People's Hospital, Bijie, 551700, China.
| | - Wei Liu
- Basic Medical Science Research Center, Shaanxi Fourth People's Hospital, Xi'An, 710043, China.
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15
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Patil SR, Alam MK, Moriyama K, Matsuda S, Shoumura M, Osuga N. 3D CBCT Assessment of Soft Tissue Calcification. J HARD TISSUE BIOL 2017. [DOI: 10.2485/jhtb.26.297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Santosh R Patil
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, College of Dentistry, Aljouf University
| | | | - Keita Moriyama
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Matsumoto Dental University, School of Dentistry
| | - Saeka Matsuda
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Matsumoto Dental University, School of Dentistry
| | - Masahito Shoumura
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Matsumoto Dental University, School of Dentistry
| | - Naoto Osuga
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Matsumoto Dental University, School of Dentistry
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16
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Thanakun S, Pornprasertsuk-Damrongsri S, Izumi Y. C-reactive protein levels and the association of carotid artery calcification with tooth loss. Oral Dis 2016; 23:69-77. [DOI: 10.1111/odi.12575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 08/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Thanakun
- Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology; Faculty of Dentistry; Mahidol University; Bangkok Thailand
| | | | - Y Izumi
- Department of Periodontology; Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences; Tokyo Medical and Dental University; Tokyo Japan
- Global Center of Excellence Program for Tooth and Bone Research; Tokyo Medical and Dental University; Tokyo Japan
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17
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Garoff M, Ahlqvist J, Levring Jäghagen E, Johansson E, Wester P. Carotid calcification in panoramic radiographs: radiographic appearance and the degree of carotid stenosis. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2016; 45:20160147. [PMID: 27124572 DOI: 10.1259/dmfr.20160147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Approximately 7% of patients examined with panoramic radiographs (PRs) for odontological reasons, and with incidental findings of carotid artery calcification (CAC), have significant (≥50%) carotid stenosis (SCS). The aim of this study was to determine if the radiographic appearance of CACs in PRs could be categorized such that we could improve the positive-predictive value (PPV) for SCS detection. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 278 patients with CACs identified by PRs, 127 with SCS and 151 without SCS. CACs were categorized based on the following appearances: (1) single, (2) scattered or (3) vessel-outlining. Correlates were derived for each category according to positivity or not for SCS in the corresponding neck sides. For a representative adult population (in dentistry) presenting with CACs in PRs, PPVs for SCS prediction were then calculated for three subgroups based on different combinations of appearances (2) and/or (3). RESULTS: Vessel-outlining CACs corresponded to 65% of neck sides with SCS vs 47% without SCS (p < 0.001). Single CACs corresponded to 15% of neck sides with SCS vs 27% without SCS (p = 0.006). Scattered CACs corresponded to 20% of neck sides with SCS vs 26% without SCS (p = 0.127). In the representative population, the PPVs for SCS detection were comparable (7.2-7.8%) for all three subgroups and when the presence of a CAC is the sole criterion (7.4%). CONCLUSIONS: Stratifying the radiographic appearance of CACs in PRs does not improve the PPV for SCS detection. Whether different radiographic appearances are associated with future risk of stroke, or other cardiovascular events, remains unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Garoff
- 1 Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Department of Odontology, Umeå University, Sweden
| | - Jan Ahlqvist
- 1 Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Department of Odontology, Umeå University, Sweden
| | - Eva Levring Jäghagen
- 1 Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Department of Odontology, Umeå University, Sweden
| | - Elias Johansson
- 2 Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Sweden.,3 Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Umeå University, Sweden
| | - Per Wester
- 2 Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Sweden.,4 Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Insititutet, Danderyds Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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18
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Kamak G, Yildirim E, Rencber E. Evaluation of the relationship between periodontal risk and carotid artery calcifications on panoramic radiographs. Eur J Dent 2016; 9:483-489. [PMID: 26929685 PMCID: PMC4745228 DOI: 10.4103/1305-7456.172614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate if there is a relationship between findings of carotid artery calcification (CAC) and periodontal risk in nonsmoker subjects by using panoramic radiographs (DPR). Materials and Methods: A total of 1146 DPRs were investigated. Gender, age, severity of bone loss, tooth loss, periodontal risk, and findings of carotid calcification were recorded. The periodontal risk was evaluated and classified according to the degree of alveolar bone loss. Results: CAC was diagnosed in %13.6 (n: 156) of DPRs. Of 1146 patients, 338 (29.5%) had low, 668 (60%) had moderate, and 120 (10.5%) had high periodontal risk. A statistically significant relation was observed between carotid calcification and periodontal risk. Conclusion: Positive findings of carotid calcification may be related with periodontal problems. Clinicians must be careful about diagnosing CACs on DPRs during routine examinations. In the case of positive findings of CAC and periodontitis together, the patient may be consulted to a specialist for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulen Kamak
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Kirikkale University, Kirikkale, Turkiye
| | - Eren Yildirim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Kirikkale University, Kirikkale, Turkiye
| | - Emin Rencber
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkiye
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19
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Periodontal disease and carotid atherosclerosis: A meta-analysis of 17,330 participants. Int J Cardiol 2016; 203:1044-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.11.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Revised: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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20
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Barona-Dorado C, Gutierrez-Bonet C, Leco-Berrocal I, Fernández-Cáliz F, Martínez-González JM. Relation between diagnosis of atheromatous plaque from orthopantomographs and cardiovascular risk factors. A study of cases and control subjects. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2016; 21:e66-71. [PMID: 26595828 PMCID: PMC4765754 DOI: 10.4317/medoral.20183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 09/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years the use of orthopantomography has been proposed as a low-cost, reliable and non-invasive diagnostic medium for detecting atheromatous plaque. The purpose of this study was to correlate the presence of carotid calcifications (atheroma) in orthopantomographs with specific risk factors for cerebrovascular accidents (previous cerebrovascular accidents, arterial hypertension, and diabetes). PATIENT AND METHODS The methods used in this observational study of cases and control subjects followed STROBE (Strengthening the Reporting of Observational studies in Epidemiology) recommendations. The study analyzed a total of 1,602 panoramic radiographs taken for dental diagnostic purposes between January 2010 and February 2014. The main variables analyzed were the incidence of atheromatous plaque and other cardiovascular risk factors. Epidat 3.1 statistical software was used to determine minimum sample sizes and the results were analyzed using PASW (Predictive Analytics Software) Statistics 10.0.0. RESULTS For all the variables analyzed, the correlation between radiographic detection of atheromatous plaque and the presence of cardiovascular disease risk factors was found to be statistically significant (RR>1.5). CONCLUSIONS The presence of cardiovascular risk factors is related to the incidence of radiopaque lesions at the carotid artery bifurcation, indicating the presence of atheromatous plaque.
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21
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Patil SR. Prevalence of carotid artery calcification in postmenopausal women and its correlation with atherogenic risk factors. J Nat Sci Biol Med 2015; 6:S1-6. [PMID: 26604593 PMCID: PMC4630737 DOI: 10.4103/0976-9668.166048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of carotid artery calcification (CAC) in postmenopausal females on panoramic radiographs and to study the correlation of CAC with possible risk factors such as hypertension, osteoporosis, and hypercholesterolemia, among others. Materials and Methods: Totally, 1214 panoramic radiographs of postmenopausal females attending the Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology were examined for the presence of CAC. The subjects were also assessed for the presence of various risk factors and the possible correlation to CAC. Statistical analysis was done using Chi-square test, and P < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results: Two hundred and seventy-eight postmenopausal females presented with CAC and a prevalence of 22.9%. These patients presented with a medical history that was laden with risk factors, of which hypertension (71.2%) was the most common risk factor. Hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, osteoporosis, and obesity were significantly (P < 0.05) related to the presence of CAC while age, diabetes, and smoking were not significantly (P > 0.05) related to CAC. Conclusion: The incidental finding of CAC on panoramic radiographs during the routine dental examination can provide life-saving information for the identification of postmenopausal females who are at a higher risk for stroke. Oral clinicians should, therefore, record a proper medical history of such patients to identify the atherogenic risk factors and refer such patients to the physician for careful evaluation and conformation of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh R Patil
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, College of Dentistry, Al-Jouf University, Skaka, Al-Jouf, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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22
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Atalay Y, Asutay F, Agacayak KS, Koparal M, Adali F, Gulsun B. Evaluation of calcified carotid atheroma on panoramic radiographs and Doppler ultrasonography in an older population. Clin Interv Aging 2015; 10:1121-9. [PMID: 26185431 PMCID: PMC4501685 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s84683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim The aim of this study is to determine the reliability of panoramic radiograph (PR) as a screening tool for the detection of calcified carotid atheroma (CCA) by comparing it with Doppler ultrasonography (DU) examination. A second aim was to evaluate the relationship among CCA, systemic diseases, smoking, and body mass index in an older population. Materials and methods A total of 1,650 PRs of patients aged over 45 years (736 males and 914 females) were randomly selected. All the patients had been referred to the Faculty of Dentistry, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey, during 2013–2014 for routine PR screening. Medical data were collected from the archival records of the dental school. The patients were divided into two groups: Group A (study group), CCA findings were confirmed by DU (n=59); and Group B (control group), CCA findings were not confirmed by DU (n=34). Results Of the 1,650 individuals, 93 (5.63%) were detected to have CCA on PR. The population consisted of 43 males and 50 females with mean age of 59.84±10.92 years. No difference was determined in respect of CCA between the sexes (P=0.745). There was a significant difference between Group A and Group B in respect of hypertension (P=0.004). But there was no difference between Group A and Group B in respect of age (P=0.495), BMI (P=0.756), diabetes (P=0.168), and smoking (P=0.482) distribution. Conclusion Although PR cannot be used as an initial diagnostic method when searching for CCA, dentists should be aware of CCA on a routine PR, particularly in older patients who may also have the risk factors of obesity, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and smoking. Recognizing of CCA especially in hypertensive patients could potentially increase the length and quality of life for individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf Atalay
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Fatih Asutay
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Kamil Serkan Agacayak
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Dicle University, Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - Mahmut Koparal
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Adıyaman University, Adıyaman, Turkey
| | - Fahri Adali
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Belgin Gulsun
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Dicle University, Diyarbakır, Turkey
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Carotid calcifications on panoramic radiographs: a 5-year follow-up study. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2015; 120:513-20. [PMID: 26260766 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2015.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine whether people with calcifications in the area of the carotid arteries on panoramic radiographs (CALPANs) have an increased prevalence of vascular risk factors or an increased risk of future vascular events. MATERIALS AND METHODS We included 113 consecutive patients with CALPANs and 116 gender- and age-matched controls without CALPANs. Vascular risk factors were generally known in the study population, since it was recorded in a population-based community-screening program. RESULTS Patients with CALPANs had a higher prevalence of vascular risk factors than controls independent of previous vascular events. During the 5.4-year follow-up, patients with CALPANs had a higher risk of a combined endpoint of vascular events (5.6%/yr) compared with the controls (2.4%/yr) (P = .004 by log rank test; unadjusted hazard ratio (HR) 2.4; 95% CI 1.3-4.3). This difference was not significant when previous vascular events and risk factors were taken into account (adjusted HR; 1.2; 95% CI 0.6-2.3; P = .62; Cox regression). CONCLUSIONS People with CALPANs are very likely to have vascular risk factors, but these factors might be unknown when CALPANs are detected. Accordingly, patients with CALPANs should be advised to have their vascular risk factors regularly checked in order to receive advice on preventive lifestyle modifications and medical treatment when indicated. However, it remains unknown whether CALPANs add information about the independent risk of future vascular events. Therefore, further studies are warranted to investigate whether the detection of CALPANs indicates a need for additional or more intense vascular treatment.
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Moshfeghi M, Taheri JB, Bahemmat N, Evazzadeh ME, Hadian H. Relationship between carotid artery calcification detected in dental panoramic images and hypertension and myocardial infarction. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY 2015; 11:e8714. [PMID: 25763086 PMCID: PMC4341178 DOI: 10.5812/iranjradiol.8714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Revised: 01/26/2013] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carotid artery calcification may be related to cerebrovascular accident, which may result in death or physical and mental disabilities in survivors. OBJECTIVES Our purpose is to study the association of carotid artery calcification (CAC) on dental panoramic radiographs and two risk factors of cerebrovascular accident (CVA) including hypertension and myocardial infarction (MI). PATIENTS AND METHODS Panoramic images of 200 patients that were all women above 50 years of age (a population suffering from vascular diseases) were investigated. All panoramic images were provided under similar conditions in terms of the type of panoramic radiograph equipment, type of applied films and the automatic film processor. Then, the patients answered questions about MI history and taking antihypertensive drugs. We also measured the blood pressure of patients in two separate surveys. Data analysis was performed by SPSS statistical program. We used Exact Fisher test and Chi-Square test at a significant level of less than 0.05 to study the effect of these variables on the occurrence of carotid artery calcification. RESULTS Among 200 studied samples, 22 of the patients (11%) had carotid artery calcification on the dental panoramic radiograph. In total, 52 patients (26%) had hypertension and four people (2%) had a history of MI. Eleven individuals among patients suffering from hypertension (21.2%) and three individuals among patients with a history of MI (75%) demonstrated CAC on dental panoramic images . CONCLUSIONS The relationship between CAC found on dental panoramic radiographs and two CVA risk factors--hypertension and MI-- was significant. Therefore, it seems that detection of CAC on panoramic images of dental patients must be considered by dentists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahkameh Moshfeghi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jamileh Beigom Taheri
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nika Bahemmat
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Corresponding author: Nika Bahemmat, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Tel: +98-912-3259312, E-mail:
| | | | - Hoora Hadian
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Lee JS, Kim OS, Chung HJ, Kim YJ, Kweon SS, Lee YH, Shin MH, Yoon SJ. The correlation of carotid artery calcification on panoramic radiographs and determination of carotid artery atherosclerosis with ultrasonography. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2014; 118:739-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2014.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Revised: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Ngamsom S, Arayasantiparb R, Pornprasertsuk-Damrongsri S, Sureephong B. Relationship between calcified carotid atheromas in digital panoramic radiographs and underlying systemic diseases in implant patients. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 6:301-6. [DOI: 10.1111/jicd.12104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Supak Ngamsom
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology; Faculty of Dentistry; Mahidol University; Bangkok Thailand
| | - Raweewan Arayasantiparb
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology; Faculty of Dentistry; Mahidol University; Bangkok Thailand
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Prevalence of calcified carotid artery atheromas in panoramic radiographs of HIV-positive patients undergoing antiretroviral treatment: a retrospective study. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2014; 117:67-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2013.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2013] [Revised: 08/23/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Ezoddini-Ardakani F, Mirzaei M, Nayer S, Besharati S, Moeini M. Evaluation of Positive Predictive Value for Digital Panoramic Radiography in Comparison to Ultrasound in the Diagnosis of Calcified Carotid Atheroma. Health (London) 2014. [DOI: 10.4236/health.2014.615226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Coskun Akar G, Efeoglu C, Alp A, Koseoglu K, Erol H, Yenicerioglu Y, Akar H. Malnutrition due to bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw in a chronic dialysis patient: case report. Ren Fail 2013; 35:1008-12. [DOI: 10.3109/0886022x.2013.809005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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30
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Patil S, Sinha N. Pulp Stone, Haemodialysis, End-stage Renal Disease, Carotid Atherosclerosis. J Clin Diagn Res 2013; 7:1228-31. [PMID: 23905147 PMCID: PMC3708242 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2013/5087.3042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2012] [Accepted: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the presence of pulp calcification and carotid artery calcification on the dental panoramic radiographs in End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) patients who were on haemodialysis. METHODS A total of 112 End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) patients on who were haemodialysis participated in this study. The periapical and the panoramic radiographs for all the patients were evaluated for the presence or absence of the narrowing of the dental pulps and for pulp stones in the pulp chambers and the pulp canals. The panoramic radiographs were also evaluated to determine the carotid calcification. RESULTS Carotid calcifications were detected in none of the patients. 84 (74.99%) patients had dental pulp narrowing, and 38 (33.92%) patients had pulp stones. There was no statistical correlation between pulp narrowing and Carotid Artery Calcification (CAC) in the haemodialysis patient group. There was also no statistical correlation between pulp stones and CAC in the haemodialysis patients. CONCLUSION However, the incidental finding of CAC on a panoramic radiograph can provide life-saving information for the vascular disease patients, but in the present study, no significant relationship was found between the presence of the pulpal calcification and CAC in the ESRD patients who were on haemodialysis. Therefore, the presence of pulp calcification does not seem to serve as a diagnostic marker for carotid atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Patil
- Department of Oral medicine and radiology, Jodhpur Dental College, Jodhpur National University, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Nidhi Sinha
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Jodhpur Dental College, Jodhpur National University, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
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Imanimoghaddam M, Rah Rooh M, Mahmoudi Hashemi E, Javadzade Blouri A. Doppler sonography confirmation in patients showing calcified carotid artery atheroma in panoramic radiography and evaluation of related risk factors. J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospects 2012; 6:6-11. [PMID: 22991627 PMCID: PMC3442447 DOI: 10.5681/joddd.2012.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2011] [Accepted: 10/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aims
The purpose of this study was to identify patients at the risk of cerebrovascular attack (CVA) by detecting calcified carotid artery atheroma (CCAA) in panoramic radiography and evaluating their risk factors.
Materials and methods
A total of 960 panoramic radiographs of patients above 40 years old were evaluated. Doppler Sonography (DS) was performed for patients who showed calcified carotid artery atheroma (CCAA) in panoramic radiogra-phy in order to determine the presence of CCAA and the degree of stenosis. Cardiovascular risk factors in both groups of patients with CCAA (12 subjects) and without CCAA (3 subjects) were compared using a questionnaire filled out by the patients. Statistical analysis including Fisher and independent t-test applied for data analysis.
Results
Fifteen patients (30 sides) showed calcification in their panoramic radiographs, and underwent DS which revealed CCAA in 16 sides (12 patients). Two patients (13.33%) showed stenosis greater than 70%. Among the risk factors, only age showed a significant association with the occurrence of carotid calcified atheroma (P=0.026).
Conclusion Considering the results, dentists should refer especially elderly patients with radiographically identified atheromas for further examinations, as asymptomatic CCAA might be associated with high degrees of stenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahrokh Imanimoghaddam
- Dental Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran ; Associate Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Tiller R, Bengel W, Rinke S, Ziebolz D. Association between carotid area calcifications and periodontal risk: a cross sectional study of panoramic radiographic findings. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2011; 11:67. [PMID: 22070470 PMCID: PMC3224751 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2261-11-67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2011] [Accepted: 11/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim was to investigate the extent to which it is possible to diagnose suspected carotid calcification from dental panoramic radiography (PR) and to establish an association to periodontal risk. Methods 824 PRs from one dental practice were investigated. Parameters considered were gender, age, bone loss - age index, tooth loss, periodontal risk and suspected carotid calcification (left, right, both sides). Periodontal risk was classified: low risk (under 4 missing teeth, bone loss - age index under 0.5), moderate risk (5 to 8 missing teeth and/or bone loss - age index 0.5 to 1.0) and high risk (more than 9 missing teeth and or bone loss - age index greater than 1.0). Results Of 824 patients, 349 were male (42.4%) and 475 female (57.6%); the mean age was 48.32 ± 16.52 years. In 9.0% (n = 74) of PRs, suspected carotid calcification was diagnosed (right: 5.5%, left: 2.3%, both sides: 1.2%). The mean tooth loss was 4.16 ± 5.39 teeth. In the case of 282 patients (34.2%), there was a low, in 335 patients (40.7%) a moderate, and in 207 patients (25.1%) a high periodontal risk. There was a significant correlation found between number of cases of suspected carotid calcification and periodontal risk, tooth loss and age (p = 0.0001). However, only age showed a significant association (OR: 4.9; CI: 2.4-9.8; p < 0.0001) in contrast to periodontal risk (OR 1.4; CI: 0.9-2.4). Conclusion PR can provides indication of carotid calcification as a secondary (chance) finding. In addition, periodontal risk may be correlated with positive findings of carotid calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph Tiller
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Germany.
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Incidental findings of carotid artery stenosis detected by calcifications on panoramic radiographs: report of three cases. Oral Radiol 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11282-010-0047-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Kansu O, Ozbek M, Avcu N, Aslan U, Kansu H, Gençtoy G. Can dental pulp calcification serve as a diagnostic marker for carotid artery calcification in patients with renal diseases? Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2010; 38:542-5. [PMID: 20026712 DOI: 10.1259/dmfr/13231798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the presence of pulp calcification and carotid artery calcification on dental panoramic radiographs in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients on haemodialysis and renal transplant recipients. METHODS A total of 60 nephrology patients (29 haemodialysis patients and 31 renal transplant recipients) participated in this study. For all patients, both panoramic and periapical radiographs were evaluated twice by three examiners to determine the presence or absence of narrowing of the dental pulps and pulp stones in pulp chambers and canals. The kappa coefficient was used for intervariable agreement, and interexaminer reliability was evaluated by the intraclass correlation coefficient. Panoramic radiographs were also evaluated to determine carotid calcification. Ultrasound examination confirmed radiographic findings of carotid calcification on panoramic radiographs. RESULTS Carotid calcifications were detected in 11 patients (6 haemodialysis patients and 5 transplant recipients). 48 patients (22 haemodialysis patients, 26 transplanted recipients) had dental pulp narrowing, and 8 patients (5 haemodialysis patients, 3 transplant recipients) had pulp stones. There was no statistical relation between pulp narrowing and carotid artery calcification (CAC) in the haemodialysis patient group and renal transplant recipients. There was also no statistical relation between pulp stones and CAC in haemodialysis patients and renal transplant recipients. CONCLUSION In our study, no relationship was found between the presence of pulpal calcification and CAC in ESRD patients on haemodialysis and renal transplant recipients. Therefore, the presence of pulp calcification does not seem to serve as a diagnostic marker for carotid atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Kansu
- Department of Oral Diagnosis and Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Hacettepe University, 06100 Sihhiye, Ankara, Turkey.
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Tsuda H, Almeida FR, Tsuda T, Moritsuchi Y, Lowe AA. Cephalometric calcified carotid artery atheromas in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Sleep Breath 2010; 14:365-70. [PMID: 20084549 DOI: 10.1007/s11325-009-0324-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2009] [Revised: 12/09/2009] [Accepted: 12/15/2009] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the progress of atherosclerosis, the carotid artery calcifies and sometimes appears as a calcified mass on a cephalometric radiograph. PURPOSE This study was designed to evaluate the prevalence of calcification in cephalometric radiographs of OSA patients and to identify the differences between subjects with and without carotid artery calcification. METHODS A total of 1,520 X-rays were evaluated. Data for group A, 508 traditional X-rays, were collected from the UBC Sleep Apnea Dental Clinic and data for group B, 1,012 digital X-rays, were obtained from the Tsuda Hospital in Japan. Subjects were divided into two groups according to whether or not calcification was present in the carotid artery area and the characteristic differences between these two groups were analyzed. DISCUSSION Group A had 34 (6.7%) subjects who exhibited calcification in the carotid arterial area, while group B had 96 (9.5%) subjects who revealed calcification. Group A calcification subjects had a significantly lower body mass index (BMI) than subjects who had no calcification (26.9 ± 3.2 vs. 29.7 ± 5.6, p<0.01). Group B calcification subjects were older than subjects who had no calcification (57.6 ± 12.6 vs. 49.8 ± 14.5, p<0.000). Previous reports have found the prevalence of calcification on X-rays of OSA patients to be higher than the prevalence of calcification found in the general population. CONCLUSION While the presence of a calcified mass on a cephalometric radiograph is not diagnostic of atherosclerosis, this information might help to aid in screening for the condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Tsuda
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, The University of British Columbia, 2199 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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Carotid artery calcification in ischemic stroke patients detected in standard dental panoramic radiographs - a preliminary study. Adv Med Sci 2010; 55:26-31. [PMID: 20513642 DOI: 10.2478/v10039-010-0022-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Examine the prevalence of carotid artery calcifications in standard dental panoramic radiographs (OPT), their association to gender, medical history and oral status. Assess the predictive value of a dental OPT in early diagnosis of carotid artery calcifications. MATERIAL AND METHODS Fourteen patients admitted to Geneva University Hospital for recent ischemic stroke and stenosis of the carotid artery confirmed by Duplex sonography. All OPTs were digitised and subsequently assessed independently by two operators. RESULTS From 21 carotid artery calcifications detected with Doppler sonography 15 were visible on the corresponding OPT, most of them on the right side (n=11). No correlation was found between the side of calcification and cerebral lesion. Hypertension and periodontal disease were the most prevalent cardiovascular risk factors. CONCLUSIONS Dentists who either detect carotid artery calcifications in OPTs or see patients with severe periodontitis should consider a prophylactic specialist examination.
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The prevalence of carotid artery calcifications detected on panoramic radiographs in patients with metabolic syndrome. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 108:e57-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2009.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2009] [Revised: 04/09/2009] [Accepted: 05/13/2009] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Taheri JB, Moshfeghi M. Prevalence of calcified carotid artery on panoramic radiographs in postmenopausal women. J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospects 2009; 3:46-51. [PMID: 23230481 PMCID: PMC3517284 DOI: 10.5681/joddd.2009.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2008] [Accepted: 05/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS This study was designed to evaluate the prevalence of calcified carotid artery in 50 year-old and older postmenopausal dental outpatients for early diagnosis of individuals at risk of stroke. MATERIALS AND METHODS This is a descriptive study of 200 panoramic radiographs. These radiographs included post-menopausal women referring to the Department of Oral Medicine at Shahid Beheshti Faculty of Dentistry during 2006-2007. The x-ray machine, developer and film type were the same for all the radiographs. Statistical analysis included chi-square test and Fisher's exact test. RESULTS We found 22 calcified carotid arteries. The left and right carotid arteries were involved in 7 and 9 cases, respec-tively. In 6 cases both carotid arteries were calcified. Four individuals had no vascular risk factor excluding age and others had at least one risk factor. We found significant statistical correlation between hypertension, past history of myocardial infarction, and hypercholesterolemia with calcified carotid artery on panoramic radiographs. CONCLUSION Under the limitations of the present study, prevalence of calcified carotid arteries is 11.0 % in 50 year-old and older postmenopausal dental outpatients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamileh Beigom Taheri
- Associate Professor, Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahkameh Moshfeghi
- Assistant Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Damaskos S, Griniatsos J, Tsekouras N, Georgopoulos S, Klonaris C, Bastounis E, Tsiklakis K. Reliability of panoramic radiograph for carotid atheroma detection: a study in patients who fulfill the criteria for carotid endarterectomy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 106:736-42. [PMID: 18602315 DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2008.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2008] [Revised: 03/27/2008] [Accepted: 03/30/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the reliability of panoramic radiograph (PR) for carotid artery atheroma detection, by comparing its results with the carotid-vertebral digital subtraction angiography (DSA) findings, as well as with the detected calcium deposition in the carotid plaques, which were surgically resected, using direct radiographs. STUDY DESIGN Forty consecutive patients suffering from carotid artery atherosclerotic occlusive disease confirmed by preoperative DSA, fulfilling the criteria for carotid endarterectomy, were operated on. Preoperatively, all of the patients had undergone PR, while postoperatively all of the surgically resected carotid plaques were radiographed using radiographic films and submitted to histologic examination. Compared with the DSA and the radiographic film findings, the PR results were classified as: 1) true-positive; 2) true-negative; 3) false-positive; or 4) false-negative. RESULTS Panoramic radiograph has low sensitivity and specificity compared with the DSA findings and the direct radiographs results. However, a positive predictive value (PPV) of 100% per patient as well as for luminal stenosis >80% was documented. CONCLUSION Even in the subgroup of patients who fulfill the criteria for carotid endarterectomy, PR has a low sensitivity and specificity; therefore, it cannot be considered to be a useful screening tool for atheroma detection in the general dental population. However, the 100% PPV per patient and for luminal stenosis >80%, indicates that positive calcification PR findings at the C(3)-C(4) region are highly suggestive for carotid artery atherosclerotic occlusive disease. Therefore, especially asymptomatic patients should be referred for further examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spyros Damaskos
- Oral Diagnosis and Radiology Department, School of Dentistry, University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
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Gokce C, Sisman Y, Sipahioglu M, Ertas ET, Akgunlu F, Unal A, Tokgoz B, Oymak O, Utas C. The prevalence of carotid artery calcification on the panoramic radiographs of end-stage renal disease patients with peritoneal dialysis: do incidental findings provide life-saving information? J Int Med Res 2008; 36:47-53. [PMID: 18230267 DOI: 10.1177/147323000803600107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the presence of carotid artery calcifications (CACs) on panoramic radiographs (PRs) in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients treated with peritoneal dialysis (PD), and analysed the relationship between CAC prevalence and PD duration. A random sample of 110 PRs were collected from ESRD patients (15 with questionable CACs were subsequently excluded). CACs were found in 26 (27.4%) patients; 10 males (23.3% of all males) and 16 females (30.8% of all females). The overall mean PD period was 4.0 +/- 3.2 years. There was a significant difference in PD period between patients with and without CACs (5.3 +/- 3.1 years versus 3.5 +/- 3.1 years, respectively). To our knowledge, this study has the highest CAC prevalence, is the first to be carried out in ESRD patients being treated with PD and has the largest sample of ESRD patients (n = 95). We believe dentists should carefully evaluate patients' PRs for evidence of CACs, enabling these incidental findings to provide life-saving information.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Gokce
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kayseri Training and Research Hospital, Kayseri, Turkey.
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Uthman AT, Al-Saffar AB. Prevalence in digital panoramic radiographs of carotid area calcification among Iraqi individuals with stroke-related disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 105:e68-73. [PMID: 18329570 DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2007.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2007] [Revised: 10/24/2007] [Accepted: 11/07/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of carotid calcification on digital dental panoramic tomography in a group of the Iraqi population who have some stroke-related vascular and or metabolic disease. STUDY DESIGN Digital dental panoramic tomographic images of 157 adult patients of age range 40-80 years having chronic illnesses such as coronary heart diseases, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and hyperlipidemia and of 43 control subjects (age range 40-71 years, free of systemic diseases) were made and examined for the presence of carotid artery calcification adjacent or just below the intervertebral space between C3, C4, and C5 on both sides of patient's neck. The study group was subclassified into vascular, metabolic, and vascular-metabolic groups. Determinations were made of the prevalence, number, and distribution of carotid area calcifications. Forward stepwise logistic regression analysis was used to determine which risk factor is more liable to develop carotid artery area calcification. RESULTS The statistical difference between patients with stroke-related diseases (vascular, metabolic, and vascular-metabolic groups) versus patients in the control group was highly significant concerning the prevalence of carotid area calcifications (P < .01). Carotid area calcification was identified in 38.8% of the study group. Bilateral calcifications were observed more than unilateral calcification for both genders (26.6% vs. 13.9% for men; 24.4% vs. 12.8% for women). CONCLUSION People with stroke-related vascular and/or metabolic diseases have greater prevalence of calcified area calcifications seen on panoramic radiographs than people who are otherwise healthy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa Tahseen Uthman
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Calcified carotid artery atheroma (CCAA) and its identification on panoramic radiographs have been advocated as a predictor of a cerebrovascular accident (CVA). TYPES OF STUDIES REVIEWED The authors conducted an electronic search using 11 databases to evaluate the evidence from the literature that links CCAA detection on panoramic radiographs and the precipitation of CVAs among those people. They used the Reporting Recommendations for Tumor Marker Prognostic Studies (REMARK) checklist to perform this systematic review. RESULTS One study of the 54 studies the authors identified satisfied the REMARK criteria in which CCAA was associated with a negligible increased risk of stroke (95 percent confidence interval, 0 to 0.04 percent) in the population studied. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS This systematic review suggests the data supporting the hypothesis that radiographically detectable CCAA is associated with an increased risk of stroke are incomplete and inconclusive. Further research is needed, as clinical guidelines for risk prediction using panoramic radiographs cannot be established on the basis of the current evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muralidhar Mupparapu
- Diagnostic Sciences, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Jersey Dental School, Newark, NJ 07101, USA.
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Ezoddini Ardakani F, Afkhami Ardakani M, Mohammadi Z, Sheikhha MH. Evaluating calcified carotid artery atheromas in panoramic radiographs of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Oral Radiol 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s11282-007-0057-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Kumagai M, Yamagishi T, Fukui N, Chiba M. Carotid artery calcification seen on panoramic dental radiographs in the Asian population in Japan. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2007; 36:92-6. [PMID: 17403886 DOI: 10.1259/dmfr/79378783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the frequency of carotid artery calcification (CAC) seen on panoramic dental radiographs, the relationship between the condition and a history of cerebral infarction (CI), and the history of the risk factors of CI in patients in Japan. METHODS A total of 2374 individuals whose panoramic radiographs were obtained at their first consultation were reviewed. RESULT CAC was found in 95 subjects (4.0%) and was found at a higher frequency in patients with a history of CI than in those without a history of CI. The modifiable risk factors (a history of hypertension, diabetes and hypercholesterolaemia) and CAC showed significant relationship in the chi(2) test for pairwise comparison. When age and gender were added and all of these risk factors were considered simultaneously in the multiple logistic regression analysis, age and history of hypercholesterolaemia remained statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS CAC may be seen on panoramic dental radiographs and is related to the patients' general history of CI, and the risk factors of CI in the Asian population in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kumagai
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tohoku Kosai Hospital, Sendai, Japan.
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Mandel L. Tuberculous Cervical Node Calcifications Mimicking Sialolithiasis: A Case Report. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2006; 64:1439-42. [PMID: 16916683 DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2006.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Louis Mandel
- Salivary Gland Center, Columbia University School of Dental and Oral Surgery, New York-Presbyterian Hospital (Columbia Campus), New York, NY 10032, USA.
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Madden RP, Hodges JS, Salmen CW, Rindal DB, Tunio J, Michalowicz BS, Ahmad M. Utility of panoramic radiographs in detecting cervical calcified carotid atheroma. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 103:543-8. [PMID: 17395069 DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2006.06.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2006] [Revised: 06/09/2006] [Accepted: 06/14/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to determine the utility of panoramic radiographs for detecting extracranial calcified carotid atheroma and carotid luminal stenosis. STUDY DESIGN Panoramic radiographs were obtained on 52 adult participants who had carotid ultrasound examination. Extent of carotid calcification and stenosis was determined by a cardiologist from ultrasound reports, which were considered gold standard assessments. A trained and calibrated oral and maxillofacial radiologist interpreted the radiographs for presence or absence of carotid calcifications. We examined the utility of panoramic radiographs to diagnose any carotid artery changes (diagnostic scheme 1) or only moderate to severe changes (scheme 2). Generalized estimating equations were used to account for clustering of observations within subjects. RESULTS Under diagnostic schemes 1 and 2, radiographs had low sensitivity to detect carotid calcifications (31.1% and 25.0%, respectively) and stenoses (22.7% and 21.4%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS When compared to ultrasonography, panoramic radiography is not a reliable means to detect carotid artery calcifications or stenoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard P Madden
- Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota School of Dentistry, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OVERVIEW The National Council on Radiation Protection & Measurements updated its recommendations on radiation protection in dentistry in 2003, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention published its Guidelines for Infection Control in Dental Health-Care Settings in 2003, and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration updated its selection criteria for dental radiographs in 2004. This report summarizes the recommendations presented in these documents and addresses additional topics such as patient selection criteria, film selection for conventional radiographs, collimation, beam filtration, patient protective equipment, film holders, operator protection, film exposure and processing, infection control, quality assurance, image viewing, direct digital radiography and continuing education of dental health care workers who expose radiographs. CONCLUSIONS This report discusses implementation of proper radiographic practices. In addition to these guidelines, dentists should be aware of, and comply with, applicable federal and state regulations. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Dentists should weigh the benefits of dental radiographs against the consequences of increasing a patient's exposure to radiation and implement appropriate radiation control procedures.
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Bayram B, Uckan S, Acikgoz A, Müderrisoglu H, Aydinalp A. Digital panoramic radiography: a reliable method to diagnose carotid artery atheromas? Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2006; 35:266-70. [PMID: 16798924 DOI: 10.1259/dmfr/50195822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the present study is to evaluate the panoramic radiographs of 4106 patients for carotid artery atheromas (CAAs) and to correlate our findings with the literature. MATERIALS AND METHODS The digital panoramic radiographs of 4106 dental patients (2428 female, 1678 male) were evaluated. Radiographs of patients 40 years of age or older were randomly chosen from a computer database. CAA findings were defined as radiopaque masses adjacent to the cervical vertebrae at or below the intervertebral space between C3 and C4 on the panoramic radiograph. The patients who had CAA findings were contacted by telephone, and some of them agreed to further evaluation. Evaluation included carotid ultrasound, ECG, echocardiography and treadmill exercise testing at the Department of Cardiology. RESULTS Of 4106 patients, 88 patients (2.1%; 70 female, 18 male) had one or more radiopaque mass detected on digital images. All 88 patients with CAA findings were contacted by telephone and 23 agreed to further evaluation at the university hospital. Of these 23 patients, 8 (34.7%) had CAAs on carotid ultrasound and 15 (65.3%) had normal carotid arteries. From these eight patients with CAAs on Doppler ultrasound, 7 (30.4%) had plaques that were not haemodynamically significant and only one (4.3%) had significant plaque. The patient with severe carotid artery stenosis consequently underwent endarterectomy operation. There were no statistically significant differences between male and female in CAAs (P>0.05). CONCLUSION Digital panoramic images may have some diagnostic value for detecting CAAs and this early diagnosis could potentially increase the length and quality of life for people with CAAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Bayram
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Baskent University, 11. sokak No:26, Bahcelievier, Ankara, Turkey.
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Okabe S, Morimoto Y, Ansai T, Yamada K, Tanaka T, Awano S, Kito S, Takata Y, Takehara T, Ohba T. Clinical significance and variation of the advanced calcified stylohyoid complex detected by panoramic radiographs among 80-year-old subjects. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2006; 35:191-9. [PMID: 16618854 DOI: 10.1259/dmfr/12056500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the clinical significance and variation of a calcified stylohyoid complex associated with advanced calcification as detected on panoramic radiographs among 80-year-old subjects. METHODS Panoramic radiographs of 659 patients (262 men and 397 women) and data of their general and dental health conditions were used for the evaluation of the relationship between a calcified stylohyoid complex and general health among 80-year-olds. This study was part of the 8020 Data Bank Survey, which was designed to collect the baseline data of general and dental health conditions in 80-year-old subjects. The morphology of the calcified stylohyoid complexes was allocated to one of 12 patterns. The lengths of the calcified stylohyoid complex were measured directly on the radiographs from the caudal margin of the tympanic plate to the tip of the styloid process. RESULTS All of the stylohyoid complexes from the 659 panoramic radiographs could be allocated to one of 12 morphological patterns, and some of their radiographic findings suggested calcification of the carotid artery and lymph nodes. In 80-year-old subjects, the average length of the calcified stylohyoid complexes was 36.7 mm, and ranged from 0.0 mm to 153.0 mm. There appeared to be correlations between the length of the calcified stylohyoid complex and serum calcium concentration and heel bone density, but not with the Community Periodontal Index (CPI). CONCLUSIONS Dentists should recognize the existence of morphological variation in calcified stylohyoid complexes, especially in length, apparent on panoramic radiographs of 80-year-old patients. In addition, the longer length of the calcified stylohyoid complexes in 80-year-old patients may be a predictor of bone density and high serum calcium concentration level. The findings from the present study may provide potentially life-saving information about elderly people.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Okabe
- Division of Diagnostic Radiology, Department of Oral Diagnostic Science, Kyushu Dental College, 2-6-1 Manazuru, Kokurakita-ku, Kitakyushu 803-8580, Japan
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Pornprasertsuk-Damrongsri S, Thanakun S. Carotid artery calcification detected on panoramic radiographs in a group of Thai population. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 101:110-5. [PMID: 16360615 DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2005.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2004] [Revised: 04/07/2005] [Accepted: 04/09/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of carotid artery calcification (CAC) detected on panoramic radiographs in a Thai population. STUDY DESIGN The panoramic radiographs of the patients 50 and older (N = 1,370) visiting Mahidol University from January 1998 through September 2004 were retrospectively reviewed for CAC. The medical records of the positive subjects were then reviewed. RESULTS Thirty-four (2.5%) of the 1,370 patients, 16 men and 18 women, with a mean age of 69 and a range of 50 to 87 years, had 1 or more CACs. These calcifications were unilateral in 25 (73.5%) and bilateral in 9 (26.5%) subjects. Of those positive subjects, 18 reported hypertension, 10 reported diabetes mellitus, and 5 reported hyperlipidemia. CONCLUSIONS Although it is uncommon to find CAC in the Thai population, dentists should be aware of this calcification on the routine panoramic radiographs and promptly refer for cerebrovascular and cardiovascular evaluation.
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