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Nogami S, Yamauchi K, Izumita K, Kitamura J, Takeda Y, Otake Y, Koyama S, Okuyama K, Sasaki K, Takahashi T. Clinical course of masticatory function recovery following arthrocentesis in patients with unilateral mandibular condyle head fracture. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2021; 50:225-229. [PMID: 34930666 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2021.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical course of masticatory function recovery following arthrocentesis. Patients with a unilateral condylar head fracture who underwent arthrocentesis for therapeutic reasons were evaluated and compared with patients with a unilateral condylar head fracture who did not undergo arthrocentesis. At 3 months after treatment, the occlusal contact area and maximum bite force in patients with a fracture treated with arthrocentesis were greater than in those who did not receive arthrocentesis at the same time points, although the differences were not significant. Moreover, at 1 and 3 months following arthrocentesis, mean (±SD) occlusal contact area (1 month: 1.99 ± 0.55 mm2, p = 0.01; 3 months: 2.90 ± 1.36 mm2, p = 0.03) and maximum bite force (1 month: 82.45 ± 15.04 N, p = 0.01; 3 months: 101.11 ± 14.53 N, p = 0.01) on the fractured side in patients who underwent that treatment were significantly reduced when compared with those on the non-fractured side. The authors conclude that if the priority is to avoid open reduction and internal fixation, then the arthrocentesis approach might be a less invasive alternative, albeit with the price of a prolonged healing interval.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinnosuke Nogami
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Disease Management Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Miyagi, Japan.
| | - Kensuke Yamauchi
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Disease Management Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Kuniyuki Izumita
- Joint Research Department of Next-Generation Dental Materials Engineering, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Jun Kitamura
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Disease Management Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yuri Takeda
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Disease Management Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yoshio Otake
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Disease Management Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Shinki Koyama
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Disease Management Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Kyosuke Okuyama
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Disease Management Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Keiichi Sasaki
- Division of Advanced Prosthetic Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Tetsu Takahashi
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Disease Management Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Miyagi, Japan
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Nogami S, Yamauchi K, Bottini GB, Morishima H, Sai Y, Otake Y, Higuchi K, Kumagai M, Gaggl A, Takahashi T. Mandibular fractures and dental injuries sustained during baseball and softball over 14 years in a Japanese population: A retrospective multicentre study. Dent Traumatol 2019; 36:156-160. [DOI: 10.1111/edt.12512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shinnosuke Nogami
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department of Oral Medicine, and Surgery Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry Sendai Japan
| | - Kensuke Yamauchi
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department of Oral Medicine, and Surgery Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry Sendai Japan
| | - Gian Battista Bottini
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg Austria
| | - Hiromitsu Morishima
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department of Oral Medicine, and Surgery Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry Sendai Japan
| | - Yuko Sai
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department of Oral Medicine, and Surgery Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry Sendai Japan
| | - Yoshio Otake
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department of Oral Medicine, and Surgery Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry Sendai Japan
| | - Keisuke Higuchi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Sendai City Hospital Sendai Japan
| | - Masahiro Kumagai
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery KKR Tohoku Kosai Hospital Sendai Japan
| | - Alexander Gaggl
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg Austria
| | - Tetsu Takahashi
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department of Oral Medicine, and Surgery Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry Sendai Japan
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Nogami S, Yamauchi K, Bottini GB, Otake Y, Sai Y, Morishima H, Higuchi K, Ito K, Gaggl A, Takahashi T. Fall-related mandible fractures in a Japanese population: A retrospective study. Dent Traumatol 2019; 35:194-198. [PMID: 30916458 DOI: 10.1111/edt.12471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Maxillofacial trauma is frequent and represents a heavy burden for patients and society. The aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics and management of mandibular fractures caused by falls. MATERIAL AND METHODS One hundred thirty-nine patients with 185 mandible fractures caused by falls were included in this retrospective study. The patients were grouped according to age, gender, fitness level (as classified by the American Society of Anesthesiology physical status classification), the month of the accident, sites of fractures and treatment methods. RESULTS Most adult and fit patients were treated with open reduction and internal fixation, except for intracapsular condyle fractures. Conservative management was chosen for paediatric patients and in all cases deemed at high risk for lengthy procedures under general anaesthesia (physical status III according to the American Society of Anesthesiology). Young patients were mainly males, whereas geriatric patients were mainly females. In cases of single-site fracture, condylar fractures were the most prevalent. In cases with multiple sites, the association of condyle and symphysis fractures was the most frequent. CONCLUSIONS The results show an increasing trend in geriatric condyle fractures, especially in females. The epidemiology of fall-related mandibular fractures is subject to the influence of seasonal, historical, cultural and demographic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinnosuke Nogami
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Oral Medicine, and Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kensuke Yamauchi
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Oral Medicine, and Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Gian B Bottini
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Yoshio Otake
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Oral Medicine, and Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, KKR Tohoku Kosai Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yuko Sai
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Oral Medicine, and Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Morishima
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Oral Medicine, and Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Keisuke Higuchi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sendai City Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ko Ito
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Matsudo, Japan
| | - Alexander Gaggl
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Tetsu Takahashi
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Oral Medicine, and Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
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Ito K, Yamazaki F, Takahashi K, Nogami S, Kondoh T, Goss A. Relationship Between Intracapsular Fracture Patterns and Arthroscopic Findings. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2018; 76:1510.e1-1510.e12. [PMID: 29673849 DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2018.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To observe the superior joint compartment (SJC) using ultrathin arthroscopy in intracapsular condylar fracture (ICF) of the temporomandibular joint, describe the changes, and evaluate the relations among fracture pattern, arthroscopic findings, and clinical outcome. PATIENTS AND METHODS Twenty patients with 27 ICFs were the subject group. Thirteen patients had unilateral ICFs and 7 had bilateral ICF. The fracture patterns were classified into 9 categories, and all patients had arthroscopic examination of the traumatized joint at the time of definitive treatment. At 4 months after treatment of the injury, all patients had a secondary arthroscopy of the ICF joint. In all patients, range of motion (ROM) was measured as the interincisal distance (millimeters) at the first visit to 12 months after the first treatment, and the data were statistically evaluated. RESULTS Intra-articular hyperemia, hypervascularity, and temporal bone damage were found, and 4 patients had disc perforations at the first examination. At the second arthroscopy 4 months later, normal healing occurred in 11 joints, all of which had minimally displaced fractures. Fifteen joints showed complete filling of the SJC, all of which had a displaced minor fragment from the fossa. Comparison of the effect of the presence versus absence of SJC fibrosis on ROM showed marked differences from 1 to 12 months. The effect of early versus delayed definitive treatment showed marked differences at 4 and 12 months. CONCLUSION The intra-articular condition at 4 months after ICF as observed arthroscopically was related to the minor fragment position. If the minor fragment is nondisplaced, then it will heal to a normal state; however, if the minor fragment is displaced from the fossa, then the SJC shows disc damage and fibrosis. This could lead to fibrous ankylosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ko Ito
- Visiting Research Fellow, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Unit, Faculty of Health Science University of Adelaide, SA, Australia; Full-Time Lecturer, Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Matsudo, Chiba, Japan.
| | - Fumie Yamazaki
- Clinical Fellow, Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Matsudo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kosuke Takahashi
- Full-Time Lecturer, Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Matsudo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shinnosuke Nogami
- Assistant Professor, Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Oral Medicine and Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Toshirou Kondoh
- Professor, Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Matsudo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Alastair Goss
- Emeritus Professor, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Unit, Faculty of Health Science University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Nogami S, Takahashi T, Yamauchi K, Takeda Y, Ito K, Chiba M, Gaggl A. Relationship between arthroscopic findings of synovitis and levels of tumour necrosis factor-alpha and matrix metalloproteinases in synovial lavage fluid from patients with unilateral high mandibular condyle fractures. J Oral Rehabil 2018; 45:452-458. [PMID: 29663487 DOI: 10.1111/joor.12632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Arthrocentesis has an effect of washing out inflammatory products that accumulate in the joint compartment of a dysfunctional temporomandibular joint (TMJ). The procedure removes inflammatory cytokines, which are pain-causing substances, for early reduction of TMJ pain and quick recovery of jaw function, thus increasing the possibility of a successful rehabilitation. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between arthroscopy synovitis grade in patients with unilateral high condylar fractures and concentrations of the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha as well as of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in washed-out synovial fluid (SF) samples obtained from those patients. A total of 26 patients with unilateral high condylar fractures who underwent arthrocentesis for a therapeutic purpose were examined. SF samples were collected before performing arthroscopy to determine synovitis grade. The detection rates and concentrations of TNF-alpha and MMPs were determined, and their association with synovitis grade was analysed. TNF-alpha was detected in 23 and MMP-3 in 22 of the TMJs. There was a correlation between synovitis grade and concentration of TNF-alpha in the fracture group. Furthermore, the concentrations of TNF-alpha and MMP-3 were significantly higher as compared to the control group, comprised of TMJs on the non-fracture side of the same patients, while a correlation was also noted between TNF-alpha concentration and synovitis grade in the fracture group. The present findings may provide a biological/biochemical rationale for arthrocentesis as a reasonable treatment modality for high condylar fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Nogami
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Oral Medicine, and Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Salzburg Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - T Takahashi
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Oral Medicine, and Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - K Yamauchi
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Oral Medicine, and Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Y Takeda
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Oral Medicine, and Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - K Ito
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Matsudo, Chiba, Japan
| | - M Chiba
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Oral Medicine, and Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - A Gaggl
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Salzburg Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
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Takano H, Takahashi T, Nakata A, Nogami S, Yusa K, Kuwajima S, Yamazaki M, Fukuda M. Facilitation of bone resorption activities in synovial lavage fluid patients with mandibular condyle fractures. J Oral Rehabil 2016; 43:333-9. [DOI: 10.1111/joor.12388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. Takano
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery Akita University Graduate School of Medicine AkitaJapan
| | - T. Takahashi
- Division of Maxillofacial Surgery Department of Oral Medicine and Surgery Graduate School of Dentistry Tohoku University Sendai MiyagiJapan
| | - A. Nakata
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery Akita University Graduate School of Medicine AkitaJapan
| | - S. Nogami
- Division of Maxillofacial Surgery Department of Oral Medicine and Surgery Graduate School of Dentistry Tohoku University Sendai MiyagiJapan
| | - K. Yusa
- Department of Dentistry Oral and Maxillofacial‐Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery School of Medicine Faculty of Medicine Yamagata University Yamagata Japan
| | - S. Kuwajima
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery Akita University Graduate School of Medicine AkitaJapan
| | - M. Yamazaki
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery Akita University Graduate School of Medicine AkitaJapan
| | - M. Fukuda
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery Akita University Graduate School of Medicine AkitaJapan
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Nogami S, Takahashi T, Ariyoshi W, Yoshiga D, Morimoto Y, Yamauchi K. Increased levels of interleukin-6 in synovial lavage fluid from patients with mandibular condyle fractures: correlation with magnetic resonance evidence of joint effusion. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2013; 71:1050-8. [PMID: 23683296 DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2013.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2012] [Revised: 01/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the present study was to investigate the relation between magnetic resonance (MR) evidence of joint effusion and concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6, in washed-out synovial fluid samples obtained from patients with mandibular condyle fractures. PATIENTS AND METHODS Twenty-five joints in 23 patients with mandibular condyle fractures were examined. Computed tomography was used to determine the position of the fracture and MR examination was performed in all cases. Twenty-five joints underwent temporomandibular joint (TMJ) irrigation before surgical treatment for the fractures. The detection rates and concentrations of the tested cytokines were determined, and their relations to evidence of joint effusion and positions of the condylar fractures were analyzed. RESULTS Six TMJ fractures were found in the head, 10 in the upper neck, 4 in the lower neck, and 5 in the subcondyle. MR evidence of joint effusion was observed in 17 of 25 TMJs (68.0%). The detection rate and concentration of IL-6 were significantly higher in patients with MR evidence of joint effusion and those with high condylar fractures. Moreover, there was a correlation between joint effusion grade and IL-6 concentration. CONCLUSIONS The present findings showed a correlation between MR evidence of joint effusion and concentration of IL-6 in washed-out synovial fluid samples collected from patients with mandibular condyle fractures. These results may provide support for arthrocentesis as a reasonable treatment modality for high condylar fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinnosuke Nogami
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kyushu Dental College, Kitakyushu, Japan.
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Ristow O, Hohlweg-Majert B, Kehl V, Koerdt S, Hahnefeld L, Pautke C. Does elastic therapeutic tape reduce postoperative swelling, pain, and trismus after open reduction and internal fixation of mandibular fractures? J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2013; 71:1387-96. [PMID: 23676774 DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2013.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2013] [Revised: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 03/16/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the application of elastic therapeutic tape (Kinesio Tape [KT]) prevents or decreases swelling, pain, and trismus after open reduction and internal fixation of mandibular fracture, thus improving patients' postoperative morbidity. MATERIALS AND METHODS To address the research purpose, the investigators designed and implemented an open-label, monocentric, parallel-group, randomized clinical trial. Patients were prospectively assigned for treatment of unilateral mandibular fractures and randomly allocated to receive treatment with or without KT application. KT was applied directly after surgery and maintained for 5 days postoperatively. Facial swelling was quantified using a 5-line measurement at 6 specific time points. Pain score was assessed using a 10-level visual analog scale; mouth opening was measured. In addition, all patients were asked to evaluate overall satisfaction and swelling (2 groups) and the effect of the tape on movement and comfort (KT group only). RESULTS The study included 26 patients (11 female and 15 male; mean age, 43 yr; standard deviation, 18.5 yr). Application of KT after surgery for mandibular fracture had a statistically significant influence on tissue reaction and swelling, decreasing the incidence of swelling and turgidity by more than 60% during the first 2 days after surgery. Although KT had no significant influence on pain control, patients in the KT group perceived significantly lower morbidity. CONCLUSION The present results showed that KT after open reduction and internal fixation of mandibular fracture is a promising, simple, less traumatic, and economical approach for managing postoperative swelling that is free from systemic adverse reactions, thus improving patients' quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Ristow
- Medicine and Aesthetics, Private Clinic for Oral and Maxillofacial and Plastic Surgery, Munich, Germany.
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Evidence-Based Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2008; 66:973-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2008.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2007] [Revised: 12/12/2007] [Accepted: 01/06/2008] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Andersson J, Hallmer F, Eriksson L. Unilateral mandibular condylar fractures: a 31-year follow-up of non-surgical treatment. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2007; 36:310-4. [PMID: 17239563 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2006.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2006] [Revised: 07/16/2006] [Accepted: 11/08/2006] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
At the University Hospital of Malmö, Sweden, standardized trauma charts were used for registration of all jaw fractures from 1972 to 1976. During the year 2005 the aim was to interview all patients treated non-surgically for unilateral mandibular condylar fractures during this period. In total, 49 patients with unilateral condylar fractures were treated non-surgically in 1972-1976. Of these, 23 patients were available for follow-up, 17 were dead, 7 were not found and 2 did not answer letters or phone calls. The follow-up was a telephone interview according to a standardized questionnaire concerning occurrence of pain and headache, function of the jaw and joint sounds. Information from original records, radiographic reports and the standardized trauma charts revealed fracture site, type of fracture and intermaxillary fixation if any. Eighty-seven percent of the patients reported no pain from the jaws, 83% had no problems chewing and 91% reported no impact of the fracture on daily activities. Neck and shoulder symptoms were reported by 39% and back pain by 30%. The 31-year results of non-surgical treatment of unilateral non-dislocated and minor dislocated condylar fractures seem favourable concerning function, occurrence of pain and impact on daily life.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Andersson
- National Dental Service, Söndrum, Getinge, Sweden
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