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Rumhein PG, Layous KJ, Achour H, Mousa MM, Deeb H, Hajeer MY. Antimicrobial Efficacy of Two Different Calcium Hydroxide Endodontic Dressings on the Eradication of Enterococcus faecalis in Single-Rooted Canals: An In Vitro Study. Cureus 2023; 15:e40056. [PMID: 37287818 PMCID: PMC10243877 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.40056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bacterial pulp infections are considered the most common cause of endodontic treatment failure. Enterococcus faecalis was isolated from most cases of failure of endodontic treatment. Therefore, using the appropriate intra-canal dressing is essential for successful treatment. The improved formula used in calcium hydroxide PLUS points ensures more calcium hydroxide is released over a longer period and more space to release calcium hydration. This in vitro research aimed to evaluate the differences in the efficacy between Ca(OH)2 paste and PLUS points as an endodontic dressing in eradicating E. faecalis growth inside infected single-rooted canals. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty mandibular first premolars with single canals were extracted for orthodontic reasons and were prepared after cutting their crowns to standardize the length of the roots to 17 mm, root preparation, and isolating E. faecalis. The infected sample root canals were contaminated with the prepared bacterial suspension, and the sample was incubated in the incubator under air conditions at 37°C for seven days, counting the bacteria colonies. Then, the bacterial units were counted before applying the drug, applying Ca(OH)2 paste in the first group and Ca(OH)2 PLUS points in the second group. The bacterial units were counted, and the number of bacteria was compared between the two substances applied to the samples, measuring the intracanal dressings' effectiveness. Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were used to detect significant differences. Results: The results showed a statistically significant difference in the bacterial count of E. faecalis before and after applying the dressing of Ca(OH)2 paste from a mean of 11.89 to a mean of 3.18 (p=0.003) and no statistical difference in applying Ca(OH)2 PLUS points from mean 11.98 to mean 10.50 (p>0.05). CONCLUSION Within the limits of the current in vitro study, the Ca(OH)2 paste cones were more effective than Ca(OH)2 PLUS points in eradicating E. faecalis growth inside the infected single-rooted canals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola G Rumhein
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Damascus, Damascus, SYR
| | - Kinda J Layous
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Damascus, Damascus, SYR
| | - Hassan Achour
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Damascus, Damascus, SYR
| | - Mudar Mohammad Mousa
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Damascus, Damascus, SYR
| | - Haya Deeb
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Damascus, Damascus, SYR
| | - Mohammad Y Hajeer
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Damascus, Damascus, SYR
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S S, Kemparaj U, Umesh S, Karuppaiah M, Pandian P, A K. Comparative Evaluation of Cocoa Bean Husk, Ginger and Chlorhexidine Mouth Washes in the Reduction of Steptococcus Mutans and Lactobacillus Count in Saliva: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Cureus 2019; 11:e4968. [PMID: 31453040 PMCID: PMC6701906 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.4968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Dental caries is a ubiquitous bacterial infection that has afflicted people for years. Streptococci mutans (S. mutans) are markers of dental caries and the population of S. mutans in the saliva is directly related to the number of surfaces colonized by them. Any intervention that can inhibit their growth and survival will negatively impact the initiation and progress of caries. Various antimicrobial agents have been tested against these microorganisms. The goal of this study was to assess the efficacy of cocoa bean husk, ginger, and chlorhexidine mouth rinse on S. mutans and Lactobacillus. Materials and methods We conducted a randomized controlled trial involving patients aged 18 to 25 years from July to September 2018. The study population was allocated into three groups. Each group received either cocoa bean, ginger, or chlorhexidine mouth rinses. The study followed a Latin square design. Study participants were instructed to use the assigned mouth rinse once daily for seven days. We collected saliva samples to measure S. mutans and Lactobacillus populations. Results Cocoa bean husk and chlorhexidine rinses produced a significant reduction of S. mutans (p < 0.05). The ginger-based rinse significantly reduced the Lactobacillus population (p < 0.05). Conclusion Our findings indicate these natural mouth rinses offer promising anticariogenic and antiplaque efficacy as cost-effective alternatives to traditional mouth rinses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shrimathi S
- Public Health Dentistry, Best Dental Science College and Hospital, Madurai, IND
| | - Umesh Kemparaj
- Public Health Dentistry, Best Dental Science College and Hospital, Madurai, IND
| | - Sangeeta Umesh
- Public Health Dentistry, Best Dental Science College and Hospital, Madurai, IND
| | - Muthu Karuppaiah
- Public Health Dentistry, Best Dental Science College and Hospital, Madurai, IND
| | - Palanivel Pandian
- Public Health Dentistry, Best Dental Science College and Hospital, Madurai, IND
| | - Krishnaveni A
- Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Madurai Medical College, Madurai, IND
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Cardelle-Cobas A, Reis PJM, Costa E, Tavaria FK, Pintado ME. Chitosan impregnated gutta-percha points: antimicrobial in vitro evaluation and mechanical properties. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2018.1466134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Cardelle-Cobas
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina – Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Porto, Portugal
| | - Patrícia J. M. Reis
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina – Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Porto, Portugal
| | - Eduardo Costa
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina – Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Porto, Portugal
| | - Freni K. Tavaria
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina – Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuela E. Pintado
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina – Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Porto, Portugal
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Tomino M, Nagano K, Hayashi T, Kuroki K, Kawai T. Antimicrobial efficacy of gutta-percha supplemented with cetylpyridinium chloride. J Oral Sci 2016; 58:277-82. [DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.15-0620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masafumi Tomino
- Department of Dental Materials Science, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University
| | - Keiji Nagano
- Department of Microbiology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University
| | - Tatsuhide Hayashi
- Department of Dental Materials Science, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University
| | - Kenjiro Kuroki
- Department of Dental Materials Science, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University
| | - Tatsushi Kawai
- Department of Dental Materials Science, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University
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Saatchi M, Shokraneh A, Navaei H, Maracy MR, Shojaei H. Antibacterial effect of calcium hydroxide combined with chlorhexidine on Enterococcus faecalis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Appl Oral Sci 2015; 22:356-65. [PMID: 25466470 PMCID: PMC4245746 DOI: 10.1590/1678-775720140032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) is the most
frequently isolated strain in failed endodontic therapy cases since it is
resistant to calcium hydroxide (CH). Whether a combination of CH and chlorhexidine
(CHX) is more effective than CH alone against E. faecalis is a matter of
controversy. Thus, the aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review and
meta-analysis of the literature. Material and Methods A comprehensive search in PubMed, EMbase, EBSCOhost, The Cochrane Library, SciELO,
and BBO databases, Clinical trials registers, Open Grey, and conference
proceedings from the earliest available date to February 1, 2013 was carried out
and the relevant articles were identified by two independent reviewers. Backward
and forward search was performed and then inclusion and exclusion criteria were
applied. The included studies were divided into "comparisons" according to the
depth of sampling and dressing period of each medicament. Meta-analysis was
performed using Stata software 10.0. The level of significance was set at
0.05. Results Eighty-five studies were retrieved from databases and backward/forward searches.
Fortyfive studies were considered as relevant (5 in vivo, 18
in vitro, 18 ex vivo, and 4 review articles).
Nine studies were included for meta-analysis. Inter-observer agreement (Cohen
kappa) was 0.93. The included studies were divided into 21 comparisons for
meta-analysis. Chi-square test showed the comparisons were heterogeneous
(p<0.001). Random effect model demonstrated no significant difference between
CH/CHX mixture and CH alone in their effect on E. faecalis
(p=0.115). Conclusions According to the evidence available now, mixing CH with CHX does not significantly
increase the antimicrobial activity of CH against E. faecalis. It
appears that mixing CH with CHX does not improve its ex vivo
antibacterial property as an intracanal medicament against E.
faecalis. Further in vivo studies are necessary to
confirm and correlate the findings of this study with the clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Saatchi
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ali Shokraneh
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hooman Navaei
- Torabinejad Dental Research Center, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Maracy
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hasan Shojaei
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Marya CM, Chopra M, Oberoi SS, Nagpal R, Dhingra C. Comparison of Antimicrobial Efficacy of Brazilian Propolis With Chlorhexidine and Sodium Fluoride Against Common Oral Pathogens: An In Vitro Study. Jundishapur J Nat Pharm Prod 2015. [DOI: 10.17795/jjnpp-19069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Adwan G, Salameh Y, Adwan K, Barakat A. Assessment of antifungal activity of herbal and conventional toothpastes against clinical isolates of Candida albicans. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2015; 2:375-9. [PMID: 23569933 DOI: 10.1016/s2221-1691(12)60059-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2011] [Revised: 08/23/2011] [Accepted: 11/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To detect the anticandidal activity of nine toothpastes containing sodium fluoride, sodium monofluorophosphate and herbal extracts as an active ingredients against 45 oral and non oral Candida albicans (C. albicans) isolates. METHODS The antifungal activity of these toothpaste formulations was determined using a standard agar well diffusion method. Statistical analysis was performed using a statistical package, SPSS windows version 15, by applying mean values using one-way ANOVA with post-hoc least square differences (LSD) method. A P value of less than 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS All toothpastes studied in our experiments were effective in inhibiting the growth of all C. albicans isolates. The highest anticandidal activity was obtained from toothpaste that containing both herbal extracts and sodium fluoride as active ingredients, while the lowest activity was obtained from toothpaste containing sodium monofluorophosphate as an active ingredient. Antifungal activity of Parodontax toothpaste showed a significant difference (P< 0.001) against C. albicans isolates compared to toothpastes containing sodium fluoride or herbal products. CONCLUSIONS In the present study, it has been demonstrated that toothpaste containing both herbal extracts and sodium fluoride as active ingredients are more effective in control of C. albicans, while toothpaste that containing monofluorophosphate as an active ingredient is less effective against C. albicans. Some herbal toothpaste formulations studied in our experiments, appear to be equally effective as the fluoride dental formulations and it can be used as an alternative to conventional formulations for individuals who have an interest in naturally-based products. Our results may provide invaluable information for dental professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghaleb Adwan
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, An-Najah N. University, P. O. Box (7)-Nablus, Palestine
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Rossi-Fedele G, Doğramacı EJ, Steier L, de Figueiredo JAP. Interaction between chlorhexidine-impregnated gutta-percha points and several chlorine-containing endodontic irrigating solutions. Int Endod J 2013; 46:675-80. [PMID: 23331158 DOI: 10.1111/iej.12044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2012] [Accepted: 12/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate if the immersion of chlorhexidine-impregnated gutta-percha points in chlorine-containing endodontic irrigants causes colour changes and precipitate formation. METHODOLOGY Eighty-one size 25 chlorhexidine medicated (Activ Points, Roeko, Langenau, Germany) and 27 size 25 standard gutta-percha points (Roeko) were immersed in microtubes, containing the following solutions: 0.5 and 5.25% NaOCl or Aquatine (Optident, Ilkley, UK). The samples were visually assessed, by two independent observers, at regular intervals over 3 weeks, to detect colour changes and precipitate formation. A score system was used to grade the precipitate intensity. To compare the number of days required for a precipitate to form mean and standard differences were calculated; the means between the groups were compared using a one-way analysis of variance test. Mean intensity scores were calculated and compared between groups using Kruskal-Wallis procedure followed by the Mann-Whitney test. RESULTS The groups containing 5.25% NaOCl started to produce a visible precipitate after fourteen days (16.48 ± 0.98) for the Activ points; this process was first noticed with the standard gutta-percha group on day 17 (18.33 ± 1.22 days), with a statistically significant difference (P = 0.002). When looking at the intensity scores from day 17 onwards, these two groups differed statistically, with a greater amount for the AP group (P < 0.001). No other test group presented with changes. CONCLUSION The placement of impregnated gutta-percha points, in 5.25% NaOCl for a 2-week period, caused the formation of a precipitate in the experimental conditions of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Rossi-Fedele
- Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Anticariogenic and cytotoxic activity of clove essential oil (Eugenia caryophyllata) against a large number of oral pathogens. ANN MICROBIOL 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-010-0092-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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10
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Ebert J, Roggendorf MJ, Frank K, Petschelt A. Antimicrobial activity of various ‘active’ gutta-percha points against Enterococcus faecalis in simulated root canals. Int Endod J 2008; 41:249-57. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2591.2007.01349.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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11
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Evaluation of Morinda citrifolia as an Endodontic Irrigant. J Endod 2008; 34:66-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2007.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2007] [Revised: 09/24/2007] [Accepted: 09/28/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Botelho MA, Nogueira NAP, Bastos GM, Fonseca SGC, Lemos TLG, Matos FJA, Montenegro D, Heukelbach J, Rao VS, Brito GAC. Antimicrobial activity of the essential oil from Lippia sidoides, carvacrol and thymol against oral pathogens. Braz J Med Biol Res 2007; 40:349-56. [PMID: 17334532 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2007000300010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2006] [Accepted: 01/12/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental caries and periodontal disease are associated with oral pathogens. Several plant derivatives have been evaluated with respect to their antimicrobial effects against such pathogenic microorganisms. Lippia sidoides Cham (Verbenaceae), popularly known as "Alecrim-pimenta" is a typical shrub commonly found in the Northeast of Brazil. Many plant species belonging to the genus Lippia yield very fragrant essential oils of potential economic value which are used by the industry for the commercial production of perfumes, creams, lotions, and deodorants. Since the leaves of L. sidoides are also extensively used in popular medicine for the treatment of skin wounds and cuts, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the composition and antimicrobial activity of L. sidoides essential oil. The essential oil was obtained by hydro-distillation and analyzed by GC-MS. Twelve compounds were characterized, having as major constituents thymol (56.7%) and carvacrol (16.7%). The antimicrobial activity of the oil and the major components was tested against cariogenic bacterial species of the genus Streptococcus as well as Candida albicans using the broth dilution and disk diffusion assays. The essential oil and its major components thymol and carvacrol exhibited potent antimicrobial activity against the organisms tested with minimum inhibitory concentrations ranging from 0.625 to 10.0 mg/mL. The most sensitive microorganisms were C. albicans and Streptococcus mutans. The essential oil of L. sidoides and its major components exert promising antimicrobial effects against oral pathogens and suggest its likely usefulness to combat oral microbial growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Botelho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, Universidade Federal do Ceará, 60430-170 Fortaleza, Ceará (CE), Brazil.
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