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Díaz-Flores García V, Freire Y, David Fernández S, Gómez Sánchez M, Tomás Murillo B, Suárez A. Intraoral Scanning for Monitoring Dental Wear and Its Risk Factors: A Prospective Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:1069. [PMID: 38891145 PMCID: PMC11171938 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12111069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Dental wear arises from mechanical (attrition or abrasion) and chemical (erosion) factors. Despite its prevalence and clinical significance, accurately measuring and understanding its causes remain challenging in everyday practice. This one-year study with 39 participants involved comprehensive examinations and full-arch intraoral scans at the start and after 12 months. Volume loss exceeding 100 µ on each tooth's surfaces (buccal, lingual/palatine and incisal/occlusal) was measured by comparing three-dimensional scans from both time points. This study also assessed factors such as abrasion and erosion through clinical exams and questionnaires. There were no significant differences in dental wear in participants with sleep bruxism. However, noticeable wear occurred in the front teeth of those with waking bruxism and joint-related symptoms. Increased wear was associated with frequent consumption of acidic drinks, regular swimming, dry mouth, nocturnal drooling and heartburn, while no significant wear was found in patients with reflux. The used methodology proved effective in accurately assessing the progression of dental wear, which is important as many patients may initially be asymptomatic. The variability observed in dental wear patterns underscores the need to develop specific software applications that allow immediate and efficient comparison of wear areas based on extensive analysis of patient databases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Díaz-Flores García
- Department of Pre-Clinical Dentistry, School of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Calle Tajo s/n, Villaviciosa de Odón, 28670 Madrid, Spain; (V.D.-F.G.); (A.S.)
| | - Yolanda Freire
- Department of Pre-Clinical Dentistry, School of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Calle Tajo s/n, Villaviciosa de Odón, 28670 Madrid, Spain; (V.D.-F.G.); (A.S.)
| | - Susana David Fernández
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, School of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Calle Tajo s/n, Villaviciosa de Odón, 28670 Madrid, Spain
| | - Margarita Gómez Sánchez
- Department of Pre-Clinical Dentistry, School of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Calle Tajo s/n, Villaviciosa de Odón, 28670 Madrid, Spain; (V.D.-F.G.); (A.S.)
| | - Beatriz Tomás Murillo
- Department of Pre-Clinical Dentistry, School of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Calle Tajo s/n, Villaviciosa de Odón, 28670 Madrid, Spain; (V.D.-F.G.); (A.S.)
| | - Ana Suárez
- Department of Pre-Clinical Dentistry, School of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Calle Tajo s/n, Villaviciosa de Odón, 28670 Madrid, Spain; (V.D.-F.G.); (A.S.)
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Thomas DC, Manfredini D, Patel J, George A, Chanamolu B, Pitchumani PK, Sangalli L. Sleep bruxism: The past, the present, and the future-evolution of a concept. J Am Dent Assoc 2024; 155:329-343. [PMID: 38363252 DOI: 10.1016/j.adaj.2023.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The concept of sleep bruxism (SB) has evolved exponentially over the past several decades. Many theories and hypotheses have been proposed as to the definition, pathophysiology, and management of SB, from the early 1960s through the present. The role of peripheral factors, such as dental occlusion, in the pathogenesis of SB has been discarded. TYPES OF STUDIES REVIEWED The authors searched several electronic databases (ie, PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Embase, and Ovid MEDLINE) for studies on bruxism. The search was conducted from January 1961 through May 2023 and yielded 4,612 articles, of which 312 were selected for comprehensive review after eliminating duplicates and nonfocused articles. RESULTS There has been an evident progressive shift from the role of peripheral factors, such as dental occlusion, to more central factors, such as the involvement of a central pattern generator as well as the autonomic nervous system, in the genesis of bruxing movements. There is continued robust interest in the dental community to elucidate the contributing factors involved in SB. CONCLUSIONS AND PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS The neurophysiology of SB appears to be leaning more toward central rather than peripheral factors. There is increasing evidence of the role of the autonomic nervous system, genetics, and comorbidities in the genesis of SB. The scientific literature seems to refute the role of dental occlusion in the causation of bruxing movements. As per the literature, there has been a paradigm shift in the definition and genesis of SB and its possible dental implications and management, which also highlights the need for succinct scientific studies in this regard.
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Multidisciplinary and Nonpharmacological Management of Pain in Temporomandibular Disorders (TMDs). Pain Res Manag 2022; 2022:3604386. [PMID: 36267665 PMCID: PMC9578907 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3604386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Temporomandibular joint dysfunction (TMD) is not a single diagnosis, but a term covering a group of conditions that involve pain and dysfunction of the masticatory muscles within the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and associated structures. It is a set of disease entities comprising various ailments and clinical symptoms. One of the most distressing symptoms for TMD patients is pain. Pain is subjective and always unpleasant. The VAS (visual analogue scale) was used in this research. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of physical stimuli, namely extremely low frequency magnetic field (ELF-MF) and LED light, on the experience of pain caused by increased tension in the masticatory muscles in adults. Out of 150 people examined, 104 were enrolled in the study after meeting the eligibility criteria. The study group was divided into 4 subgroups. Each subgroup received physical therapy treatment using a different physical stimulus. The effects of four therapeutic modalities were compared. In terms of VAS scores, pain attenuation was observed in all subgroups. The study confirmed the analgesic effect of the selected physical therapy methods. The authors focused on the analysis of the results obtained for each subgroup, comparing the effects of individual modalities on pain intensity (according to VAS scores). After the treatment, pain relief was observed in each of the studied subgroups. Treatment using ELF-MF and ELF-MF in combination with LED light in the course of TMD brings about a significant improvement in the subjective pain experience expressed in VAS pain scores. The use of selected physical stimuli and their beneficial effect on pain symptoms during mandibular movements has important implications for patients' daily life and work. Incorporation of therapeutic methods can help enhance patient satisfaction and comfort during manual TMJ therapy and lengthy dental procedures.
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Oral and Dental Considerations of Combat-Induced Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)-A Cross-Sectional Study. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11113249. [PMID: 35683634 PMCID: PMC9181801 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11113249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study compared dental, periodontal, oral, and joint/muscle tenderness among Israeli combat-induced post-traumatic stress disorder (Ci-PTSD) war veterans to non-PTSD patients. Study design: This retrospective three-arm study compared oral and facial manifestations between 100 Israeli veterans with Ci- PTSD (study group) and 103 non-PTSD periodontal patients (Control group). The study group was further divided into two subgroups of individuals who received psychiatric medications (40 patients) or did not (60 patients). All patients underwent complete dental, oral, and periodontal examinations, including assessing signs of parafunction. Results: All PTSD patients had poor oral hygiene. The plaque index (PI) was higher in the PTSD group compared to the control group (0.72 ± 0.28 vs. 0.45 ± 0.29, respectively, p < 0.001). The decayed, missing, and filled teeth score (DMFt) was higher in the PTSD population than in the controls (19.97 ± 8.07 vs. 13.05 ± 6.23 p < 0.05). Severe periodontal disease was more common among the PTSD subgroup taking medications (med -group) (62.5%) compared to the nonmedicated group (non-med group) (30.0%) and the controls (27.2%) (p = 0.001). Heavy smoking was more prevalent in the medicated PTSD patients than in other groups. Conclusions: The present study shows higher morbidities in combat-induced PTSD patients, including oral, dental, and periodontal manifestations, especially in medicated patients.
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The dental demolition derby: bruxism and its impact - part 1: background. Br Dent J 2022; 232:515-521. [PMID: 35459823 PMCID: PMC9033581 DOI: 10.1038/s41415-022-4143-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Bruxism may lead to changes or damage to the oral and perioral tissues. Bruxism may occur during sleep or when awake. Many patients will not require active management; however, for some, intervention is required. Control of bruxism may be difficult, if not impossible, but the need exists for preservation of the dentition and quality of life. A prediction of risk to the tissues for the planning of interventions is difficult and relies upon evidence of past damage and assessment of future risks. Treatment options may need to be imaginative and rescuable. This series of papers will review the aetiology of bruxism, its impacts and treatment strategies for persistent bruxers who are at risk of, or suffering, tissue damage.
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Personalized Biomechanical Analysis of the Mandible Teeth Behavior in the Treatment of Masticatory Muscles Parafunction. J Funct Biomater 2021; 12:jfb12020023. [PMID: 33918647 PMCID: PMC8167636 DOI: 10.3390/jfb12020023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
A 3D finite element model of the mandible dentition was developed, including 14 teeth, a periodontal ligament (PDL), and a splint made of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA). The study considered three design options: 1—the case of splint absence; 2—the case of the splint presence installed after manufacture; and 3—the case of splint presence installed after correction (grinding) performed to ensure a uniform distribution of occlusal force between the teeth. For cases of absence and presence of splint, three measurements of the functional load were performed using the T-Scan III software and hardware complex (TekScan, Boston, MA, USA). It was found that the presence of a splint led to a decrease in the total value of the occlusive load and to a uniform distribution between all the mandible teeth. The occlusal force was considered as a static vertical force evenly distributed between the nodes belonging to the occlusive surface of the corresponding tooth for the first design option and the occlusal surface of the splint for the second and third ones, respectively. As a result of the study, it was concluded that the splint usage was effective in order to change the distribution of the functional load during the treatment of proved masticatory muscles’ parafunction; the safety of using a splint for teeth and surrounding tissues under the influence of the considered functional load was shown; the potential applicability of PMMA as a structural material of a splint that had been used for the treatment of masticatory muscles’ parafunction was established.
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Bhattacharjee B, Saneja R, Bhatnagar A, Gupta P. Effect of dopaminergic agonist group of drugs in treatment of sleep bruxism: A systematic review. J Prosthet Dent 2021; 127:709-715. [PMID: 33455727 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2020.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Various factors are responsible for sleep bruxism; however, whether the dopaminergic agonist group of drugs is effective in the treatment of sleep bruxism is unclear. PURPOSE The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate the effect of the dopaminergic agonist group of drugs in controlling sleep bruxism in comparison with no treatment or placebo-controlled treatment. MATERIAL AND METHODS Two electronic databases, PubMed and Cochrane Central, were searched by using the keywords bruxism, sleep bruxism, dopamine, and dopamine agonist. After screening titles and abstracts, only those articles which met predefined inclusion criteria were selected for full-text assessment. Clinical trials using the dopaminergic agonist group of drugs as a treatment approach to sleep bruxism were included. RESULTS The literature search yielded a total of 64 articles from the 2 electronic databases (PubMed, 53; Cochrane Central, 11). After removal of the duplicates (n=8), the initial screening of titles and abstracts was performed by 2 independent reviewers, removing 46 articles. A total of 10 articles were selected for full-text reading, and 4 studies were included for qualitative analysis. CONCLUSIONS Levodopa (L-DOPA) and Bromocriptine showed decrease in root mean square value in electromyography per bruxism burst (P<.001) and 20% to 30% reduction of bruxism episodes during sleep in 2 different studies. However, treatment with bromocriptine led to conflicting result in another study in terms of frequency of bruxism episodes and amplitude of muscle contractions in electromyography (EMG). Bruxism bursts and episodes were also not significantly improved with another dopaminergic agonist group of drugs, Pramipexole (P>.001). Based on the limited evidence and conflicting results, significant conclusions cannot be generated, and further studies are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bappaditya Bhattacharjee
- Junior Resident, Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Ritu Saneja
- Junior Resident, Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Atul Bhatnagar
- Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pinki Gupta
- Junior Resident, Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Comparative Analysis of the Influence of Selected Physical Factors on the Level of Pain in the Course of Temporomandibular Joint Disorders. Pain Res Manag 2020; 2020:1036306. [PMID: 33101559 PMCID: PMC7569428 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1036306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Temporomandibular joints (TMJs) play a very significant function in the activity of the locomotor system of the masticatory system. But they are often a source of pain, myopathy, myoarthropathy, and malfunction of their surrounding or internal structures. The treatment of a patient's discomfort associated with masticatory system dysfunctions strongly depends on their cause. Aim of the Study. The objective of the study was to evaluate the impact of selected physical factors: LED light therapy with electromagnetic field and cryotherapy for the level of pain, in the treatment of patients suffering from temporomandibular disorders (TMDs). Materials and Methods The study included 60 patients of both genders with diagnosed TMD in a clinical trial. The participants were randomly divided into two groups. Each group consisted of 30 people and was subjected to separate therapies in which LED light therapy with electromagnetic field (MLT) and cryotherapy (CT) were applied. Results Having assessed the results of the author's own research in terms of analgesic activity, determined on the VAS scale during the daily routine activity of the mandible and its individual movements, in general, each of the studied groups demonstrated a considerable decrease in the level of the patients' perception of pain (<0.001). Having compared both the therapeutic methods used, a greater reduction in the level of perceived pain was achieved with MLT (p=0.002). The type of therapy used turned out to be the only significant factor for the magnitude of this reduction. Conclusions Conclusions based on the results of our own research indicate that the selected methods of treatment demonstrate an analgesic effect in terms of the overall discomfort in the course of TMD, and that they may be an alternative pain relief thereby reducing the patient's intake of painkillers.
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YILMAZ B, SOMAY E. Temporomandibular eklem bozukluğu tanısının manyetik rezonans görüntüleme ile doğrulanması. CUKUROVA MEDICAL JOURNAL 2020. [DOI: 10.17826/cumj.687196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
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Wilson CL, Mahmood H, Loescher A. Clinical presentations on a facial pain clinic. Br Dent J 2020:10.1038/s41415-020-1989-5. [PMID: 32918059 DOI: 10.1038/s41415-020-1989-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Introduction The complex nature of facial pain conditions creates a diagnostic challenge which may necessitate specialist referral.Aim To identify the case mix presenting to a specialist tertiary care facial pain clinic.Methods A retrospective review of 112 patient records was undertaken. Trends in provisional diagnoses from referrers and the correlation to diagnoses made following specialist consultation were reviewed.Results The most common provisional diagnoses recorded in referral letters were painful temporomandibular disorders, trigeminal neuralgia and persistent idiopathic facial pain (PIFP). Over a quarter of referrals did not include a provisional diagnosis. Following assessment, only one case was not given a definitive diagnosis and no patients were diagnosed with PIFP. A causative factor was identified in all the initially queried PIFP cases, and painful post-traumatic trigeminal neuropathic pain was found in multiple patients.Conclusions Painful post-traumatic trigeminal neuropathic pain should be considered if pain onset coincides with dental treatment or other traumatic events. PIFP is a rare facial pain diagnosis and may be over-diagnosed by dental and medical practitioners. It is important to systematically exclude other causes before reaching this diagnosis. This will facilitate effective treatment, manage patient expectations and potentially reduce unnecessary referrals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire L Wilson
- Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oral Surgery, Charles Clifford Dental Hospital, 76 Wellesley Road, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, S10 2SZ, UK; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Charles Clifford Dental Hospital, Wellesley Road, Sheffield, S10 2TA, UK.
| | - Hanya Mahmood
- Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oral Surgery, Charles Clifford Dental Hospital, 76 Wellesley Road, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, S10 2SZ, UK; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Charles Clifford Dental Hospital, Wellesley Road, Sheffield, S10 2TA, UK
| | - Alison Loescher
- Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oral Surgery, Charles Clifford Dental Hospital, 76 Wellesley Road, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, S10 2SZ, UK; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Charles Clifford Dental Hospital, Wellesley Road, Sheffield, S10 2TA, UK
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Ciobica A, Padurariu M, Curpan A, Antioch I, Chirita R, Stefanescu C, Luca AC, Tomida M. Minireview on the Connections between the Neuropsychiatric and Dental Disorders: Current Perspectives and the Possible Relevance of Oxidative Stress and Other Factors. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:6702314. [PMID: 32685098 PMCID: PMC7345607 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6702314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Although the connections between neuropsychiatric and dental disorders attracted the attention of some research groups for more than 50 years now, there is a general opinion in the literature that it remains a clearly understudied and underrated topic, with many unknowns and a multitude of challenges for the specialists working in both these areas of research. In this way, considering the previous experience of our groups in these individual matters which are combined here, we are summarizing in this minireport the current status of knowledge on the connections between neuropsychiatric and dental manifestations, as well as some general ideas on how oxidative stress, pain, music therapy or even irritable bowel syndrome-related manifestations could be relevant in this current context and summarize some current approaches in this matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alin Ciobica
- Department of Research, Faculty of Biology, “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University of Iasi, Carol I Avenue, 20A, Iasi, Romania
| | - Manuela Padurariu
- Faculty of Medicine, “Gr. T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16th University Street, Iasi, Romania
| | - Alexandrina Curpan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biology, “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University of Iași, Bd. Carol I, 20A, 700505 Iași, Romania
| | - Iulia Antioch
- Department of Research, Faculty of Biology, “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University of Iasi, Carol I Avenue, 20A, Iasi, Romania
| | - Roxana Chirita
- Faculty of Medicine, “Gr. T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16th University Street, Iasi, Romania
| | - Cristinel Stefanescu
- Faculty of Medicine, “Gr. T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16th University Street, Iasi, Romania
| | - Alina-Costina Luca
- Faculty of Medicine, “Gr. T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16th University Street, Iasi, Romania
| | - Mihoko Tomida
- Department of Oral Science, Matsumoto Dental University, Shiojiri, Japan
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Reyad AA, Girgis E, Ayoub A, Mishriky R. Bruxism and psychotropic medications. PROGRESS IN NEUROLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pnp.560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ayman Antoun Reyad
- Dr Antoun Reyad is a Senior Lecturer in Pharmacology, School of PharmacyUniversity of Wolverhampton
| | - Eriny Girgis
- Dr Girgis is a Dental Officer, Community Dental Service, City of Coventry Health Centre, Coventry and Warwickshire Partnership NHS Trust
| | - Amin Ayoub
- Dr Ayoub is an Associate Professor of DentistryNew York University New York
| | - Raafat Mishriky
- Dr Mishriky is Consultant Psychiatrist, Birmingham and Solihull Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust
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Levartovsky S, Aharonov O, Emodi Perlman A, Winocur E, Sarig R. The effect of tooth wear, age and sex on facial height assessed by soft tissue analysis. J Oral Rehabil 2019; 47:346-352. [PMID: 31705807 DOI: 10.1111/joor.12907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of tooth wear, age and sex on facial height measurements based on soft tissue analysis. METHODS One hundred and twelve subjects (45 males and 67 females), 19-80 years of age (mean 43 ± 0.9 years), which were divided into three age groups, met the inclusion criteria. Tooth wear was assessed using a 5-point ordinal scale (0-4). Based on the tooth wear score, three groups were defined: mild, moderate and severe wear. Facial height was evaluated based on soft tissue measurements using frontal facial photographs. The dimension of the upper facial height (UFH) and lower facial height (LFH) and the ratio between the two (R-U-L) were measured. RESULTS Facial height dimensions (UFH, LFH) were significantly different between the three age groups and between the three tooth wear groups. Both the UFH and LFH measurements had a weak positive correlation with age (r = .40; r = .41, respectively) and with tooth wear (r = .40; r = .41, respectively). The R-U-L showed a significant difference (P < .001) between sexes as males showed slightly lower ratio compared with females; however, the R-U-L was not dependent upon age or tooth wear. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that although facial height is affected by age and tooth wear, the proportion between the upper to lower facial segments is constant and is not affected by the same parameters. A statistically significant difference in the R-U-L relative to sexes was noted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shifra Levartovsky
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, The Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, The Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Olisya Aharonov
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, The Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, The Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Alona Emodi Perlman
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, The Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, The Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ephraim Winocur
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, The Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, The Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Rachel Sarig
- Department of Oral Biology, The Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, The Dan David Center for Human Evolution and Biohistory Research, The Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Signs of bruxism and temporomandibular disorders among patients with bipolar disorder. BALKAN JOURNAL OF DENTAL MEDICINE 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/bjdm-2017-0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aim: There is an abundance of data regarding temporomandibular disorders (TMD) and bruxism specific to patients with bipolar disorder (BD). This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of TMD signs in subjects with and without BD. Material and Methods: The case group included 242 adult patients (103 men and 139 women) with BD and the control group included 187 subjects without BD (89 men and 98 women). The case and control groups were compared for the presence of bruxism and the signs of TMD including muscle and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) tenderness to palpation, limitation of maximum mouth opening, and TMJ sounds. Results: The frequency of at least one sign of TMD was significantly higher in patients with BD (191 ⁄242, 78.9%) than the control group (95 ⁄187, 50.8%) (p<0.001). Statistically significant differences were found between the case and control groups in terms of joint pain on palpation (p<0.05), masseter muscle pain on palpation (p<0.01), joint clicks (p<0.001) and limited mouth opening (p<0.001). Bruxism was significantly higher in patients with BD (49.6%) than the control group (19.8%) (p<0.001). Conclusions: Patients with BD appear to be more prone to having TMD signs and bruxism compared to the control group, but this comorbidity should be better understood by further studies.
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Enguelberg-Gabbay JV, Schapir L, Israeli Y, Hermesh H, Weizman A, Winocur E. Methadone treatment, bruxism, and temporomandibular disorders among male prisoners. Eur J Oral Sci 2016; 124:266-71. [PMID: 27041534 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
There is little information on bruxism related to illicit drug use. Prolonged drug use may damage the stomatognathic system via oral motor overactivity. The aim of the present study was to compare the rates of bruxism and temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) between prisoners with and without drug-use disorders, to evaluate the association between methadone treatment and bruxism and to assess the possible relationship between bruxism and pain. The sample included 152 male prisoners, 69 of whom were drug users maintained on methadone. All prisoners were examined by an experienced dentist and completed a questionnaire on their oral habits, with the aim of detecting signs or symptoms of TMD and/or bruxism. Additional data were collected from medical files. The prevalence of sleep bruxism and awake bruxism, but not of TMDs, was significantly higher among drug-user than non-drug user prisoners (52.2% vs. 34.9% for sleep bruxism, 59.7% vs. 30.1% for awake bruxism, and 46.3% vs. 25.6% for TMDs, respectively). Participants with awake bruxism were statistically more sensitive to muscle palpation compared with participants with sleep bruxism [rating scores (mean ± SD): 0.32 ± 0.21 vs. 0.19 ± 0.28, respectively]. An association was found between sleep bruxism and awake bruxism. It seems that there is a direct or an indirect association between methadone maintenance treatment and sleep bruxism or awake bruxism in male prisoners.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lior Schapir
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Geha Mental Health Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Yair Israeli
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, The Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Haggai Hermesh
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Geha Mental Health Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Abraham Weizman
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Geha Mental Health Center, Petah Tikva, Israel.,Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Rabin Medical Center - Beilinson Campus, Tel Aviv University, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Ephraim Winocur
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, The Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Abstract
Mental illness is a major health issue in the world today, yet often remains misunderstood, unrecognized, and undertreated. Patients suffering from severe psychiatric disorders generally display poor oral health, often as a consequence of both lifestyle and avoidant-type behaviors that become exacerbated by their illness. Individuals with severe mental illness display a greater incidence of oral disease compared with a similar demographic not dealing with these particular disorders. Efforts to enhance the oral health of these vulnerable patients will play a significant role in the overall rebuilding of their self-esteem and contribute positively to their journey toward stability and recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- David B Clark
- Dental Services, Ontario Shores Centre for Mental Health Sciences, 700 Gordon Street, Whitby, Ontario L1N 5S9, Canada.
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Hermesh H, Schapir L, Marom S, Skopski R, Barnea E, Weizman A, Winocur E. Bruxism and oral parafunctional hyperactivity in social phobia outpatients. J Oral Rehabil 2014; 42:90-7. [DOI: 10.1111/joor.12235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. Hermesh
- Geha Mental Health Center; Petah Tikva Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine; Tel Aviv University; Tel Aviv Israel
| | - L. Schapir
- Geha Mental Health Center; Petah Tikva Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine; Tel Aviv University; Tel Aviv Israel
| | - S. Marom
- Geha Mental Health Center; Petah Tikva Israel
| | - R. Skopski
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation; The Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine; Tel Aviv University; Tel Aviv Israel
| | - E. Barnea
- Geha Mental Health Center; Petah Tikva Israel
| | - A. Weizman
- Geha Mental Health Center; Petah Tikva Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine; Tel Aviv University; Tel Aviv Israel
- Felsenstein Medical Research Center; Rabin Medical Center; Sackler Faculty of Medicine; Tel Aviv University; Petah Tikva Israel
| | - E. Winocur
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation; The Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine; Tel Aviv University; Tel Aviv Israel
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Falisi G, Rastelli C, Panti F, Maglione H, Quezada Arcega R. Psychotropic drugs and bruxism. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2014; 13:1319-26. [PMID: 25195948 DOI: 10.1517/14740338.2014.947262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sleep and awake bruxism is defined as 'a parafunctional activity including clenching, bracing, gnashing, and grinding of the teeth'. Some evidence suggests that bruxism may be caused by, or associated with, alterations in the CNS neurotransmission. Several classes of psychotropic drugs interfering with CNS activity may potentially contribute to bruxism. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine relevant peer-reviewed papers to identify and describe the various classes of psychotropic substances that may cause, exacerbate or reduce bruxism as the result of their pharmacological action in CNS neurons. AREAS COVERED A literature search from 1980 to the present was performed using PubMed database. The term 'bruxism' was used in association with 'psychotropic', 'dopamine (DA)', 'serotonin', 'histamine', 'antipsychotics', 'antidepressants', 'antihistaminergics' and 'stimulants'. EXPERT OPINION Studies on the effects of DA agonists (Levo-DOPA, psychostimulants) and antagonists (antipsychotics) identified a central role of DA in the pathogenesis of pharmacologically induced bruxism. Important information from studies on drugs acting on serotonin neurotransmission (antidepressants) was recognized. Other mechanisms involving different neurotransmitters are emerging. This is the case of antihistaminergic drugs which may induce bruxism as a consequence of their disinhibitory effect on the serotonergic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Falisi
- University of L'Aquila, School of Dentistry, Department of Life, Health, and Environmental Sciences , Piazzale Salvatore Tommasi 1, 67100 Coppito (AQ), L'Aquila , Italy +39 0862433202 ; +39 08624332 ;
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de Araújo AN, do Nascimento MA, de Sena EP, Baptista AF. Temporomandibular disorders in patients with schizophrenia using antipsychotic agents: a discussion paper. Drug Healthc Patient Saf 2014; 6:21-7. [PMID: 24648768 PMCID: PMC3956479 DOI: 10.2147/dhps.s57172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with psychiatric problems show a tendency to develop temporomandibular disorders (TMD). Particularly, patients with schizophrenia are quite likely to have signs and symptoms of TMD due to the impairment of their oral health, the use of antipsychotic drugs, and other general health problems. In nonschizophrenic populations, TMD have been considered as the main cause of nondental pain in the orofacial region, involving mechanisms associated with changes in masticatory activity at the cortical and neuromuscular levels. Individuals with schizophrenia do not usually complain of pain, and TMD is misdiagnosed in this population. In this paper, we aimed to review the clinical aspects of TMD in people with schizophrenia on antipsychotic drug therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arão Nogueira de Araújo
- Postgraduate Program in Interactive Processes of Organs and Systems, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Marion Alves do Nascimento
- Postgraduate Program in Interactive Processes of Organs and Systems, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Pondé de Sena
- Postgraduate Program in Interactive Processes of Organs and Systems, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil ; Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Abrahão Fontes Baptista
- Department of Biomorphology, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil ; Postgraduate Program in Medicine and Health, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
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Ghanizadeh A, Zare S. A preliminary randomised double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial of hydroxyzine for treating sleep bruxism in children. J Oral Rehabil 2013; 40:413-7. [DOI: 10.1111/joor.12049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Ghanizadeh
- Research Center for Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences; School of Medicine; Shiraz University of Medical Sciences; Shiraz Iran
- Department of Psychiatry; School of Medicine; Shiraz University of Medical Sciences; Shiraz Iran
| | - S. Zare
- Department of Psychiatry; School of Medicine; Shiraz University of Medical Sciences; Shiraz Iran
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Kara MI, Yanık S, Keskinruzgar A, Taysi S, Copoglu S, Orkmez M, Nalcacı R. Oxidative imbalance and anxiety in patients with sleep bruxism. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2012; 114:604-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2012.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2011] [Revised: 05/02/2012] [Accepted: 05/13/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Wang C, Yin X. Occlusal risk factors associated with temporomandibular disorders in young adults with normal occlusions. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2012; 114:419-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2011.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2011] [Revised: 10/20/2011] [Accepted: 10/31/2011] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Gurbuz O, Kursoglu P, Alatas G, Altinbas K. The prevalence of temporomandibular disorder signs in people with mental retardation. J Oral Rehabil 2010; 37:834-9. [PMID: 20557436 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2842.2010.02111.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of temporomandibular disorder (TMD) signs and tooth wear levels in a group of hospitalised patients with mental retardation (MR). A total of 118 patients with MR and 104 mentally healthy individuals (control) were included in this study. The groups consisted of equal numbers of male and female patients. TMD signs were evaluated according to the Research Diagnostic Criteria to assess the limitation in maximum mouth opening, the alterations in the mouth opening pathway and temporomandibular joint sounds. In addition, tooth wear was recorded. The frequency of at least one sign of TMD observed in patients with MR (79·7%) was significantly higher than in controls (69·2%) (P=0.03). In addition, 43.2% of the patients with MR had more than one sign of TMD compared with 28.8% of the control group (P = 0·02). Prevalence of each sign exhibited in the MR and control groups was as follows: limitation in mouth opening, 24·6% vs. 13·5% (P=0·02); deviation, 18·6% vs. 26·9% (P=0·001); deflection, 29·7% vs. 10·6% (P=0·001); TMJ sounds, 46·6% vs. 41·1% (P=0·43); bilateral joint sounds 28·8% vs. 16·3% (P=0·05) respectively. Prevalences of TMD signs were not different between genders in both groups (P>0·05). Severe tooth wear was evident in 43·2% of the patients with MR compared with 20·6% of the controls (P=0·001). In conclusion, patients with MR seem to be more prone to having TMD signs compared with the control population.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Gurbuz
- Department of Dentistry, Bakirkoy Research and Training Hospital for Psychiatry, Neurology and Neurosurgery, Istanbul, Turkey.
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25
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GURBUZ O, ALATAS G, KURT E. Prevalence of temporomandibular disorder signs in patients with schizophrenia. J Oral Rehabil 2009; 36:864-71. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2842.2009.02008.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Ghanizadeh A. ADHD, bruxism and psychiatric disorders: does bruxism increase the chance of a comorbid psychiatric disorder in children with ADHD and their parents? Sleep Breath 2008; 12:375-80. [PMID: 18421490 DOI: 10.1007/s11325-008-0183-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2007] [Accepted: 02/25/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
There is an association between bruxism and ADHD. No published data on psychiatric comorbidities in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) children with bruxism were found. There is no satisfying treatment method for children with bruxism. If we understand its comorbidities well, a better treatment method could come out. This study was conducted to compare the frequency of comorbid psychiatric disorders in the parents and their ADHD children with and without teeth grinding. It was hypothesized that there is no association between bruxism and prevalence of comorbid psychiatric disorders in children with ADHD and their parental psychopathology. Eighty-nine ADHD children without teeth grinding were compared with 32 ADHD children with teeth grinding. Their parental psychiatric disorders were also compared. Structured interviews were used to diagnose comorbid psychiatric disorders. The demographic characteristics of the children and their parents were not different between the groups. The only psychiatric disorder in children, which was associated with the groups was oppositional defiant disorder. The rate of conduct disorder, tic disorder, major depressive disorder, separation anxiety disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, enuresis, and obsessive compulsive disorder were not different between the two groups of children. The rate of major depression was more in the mothers of children with teeth grinding than those without such children. These finding were not reported before. ADHD children with teeth grinding have a high prevalence of oppositional defiant disorder. Lack of association between anxiety disorder and presence of teeth grinding might not support the idea that anxiety is associated with teeth grinding. The association of ODD and teeth girding might be a clue about etiology of bruxism. Perhaps, this clue can probably lead to the development of a more satisfying treatment. With consideration of this clue, further studies should survey if there is any association between ODD and sleep micro-arousals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Ghanizadeh
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Hafez Hospital, Shiraz, Iran.
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