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Mouzinho-Machado S, Borges GB, Pacheco-de-Oliveira-Mota V, de-Azevedo-Vaz SL. Does enhancement filter application increase the diagnostic accuracy of misfit detection at the implant-prosthesis interface? J Prosthet Dent 2024; 131:1136-1143. [PMID: 35570168 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2022.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Misfits at the implant-prosthesis interface may increase complications in dental implants and affect peri-implant tissue health. Periapical radiographs are the most used imaging examinations for detecting misfits at the implant-prosthesis interface, although digital systems have largely replaced film-based radiographs. Whether postprocessing tools such as enhancement filters assist diagnosis by highlighting misfits is unclear. PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro study was to assess the influence of enhancement filter application in the diagnostic accuracy of misfit detection at the implant-prosthesis interface. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 32 dental implants were placed in dry human mandibles. A polyester strip was inserted at the implant-prosthesis interface to simulate a 50-μm misfit; prosthetic crowns installed directly on the implant platforms were used as controls. Standard paralleling periapical images were acquired by using a semidirect system (photostimulable phosphor plate) with the application of Highlight, Invert, and Colorization filters, as well as a direct system (metal oxide complementary semiconductor sensor) with filters Sharpness 3, Invert, and Pseudocolorization. Oral radiologists evaluated the images with and without the application of filters. The areas under the receiver operating characteristics curves (Az values), sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value, and negative predictive values were calculated. The Az values were compared with the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves comparison test of the Epidat 3.1 software (α=.05). RESULTS Although images without filter application presented descriptively higher diagnostic values than those with filter application, the Az values for images with and without filter application in both semidirect and direct systems showed no significant differences (P>.05). CONCLUSIONS Enhancement filter application did not significantly influence the diagnostic accuracy of misfit detection at the implant-prosthesis interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sâmia Mouzinho-Machado
- Graduate student, Division of Oral Radiology, Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Bispo Borges
- Predoctoral student, Department of Clinical Dentistry, Federal University of Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Pacheco-de-Oliveira-Mota
- Graduate student, Dental Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Sergio Lins de-Azevedo-Vaz
- Professor, Dental Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil.
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Gliga A, Imre M, Grandini S, Marruganti C, Gaeta C, Bodnar D, Dimitriu BA, Foschi F. The Limitations of Periapical X-ray Assessment in Endodontic Diagnosis-A Systematic Review. J Clin Med 2023; 12:4647. [PMID: 37510762 PMCID: PMC10380197 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12144647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Diagnosis is a key aspect in endodontic treatment, in a decade where invasive interventions are misapprehended as social tendency instead of medical necessity. All diagnostic facets should be considered before intending the operative phase. Intraoral endodontic radiology-based diagnosis has been shown to be limited. Periapical X-ray is the most used endodontic imaging, yet it does not provide high accuracy. Traditionally, dentists have been trained to diagnose a cyst by certain aspects (size, shape and appearance); hence, an assumption that teeth are affected by "periapical cyst" were subjected to unnecessary extraction or apicoectomy. The aim of this systematic review is to critically appraise the publications that relate the histological diagnosis of a periapical lesion (considered the gold standard) to intraoral X-ray investigation. Ovid Medline, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Mendeley and Scopus were searched for English-language studies comparing periapical diagnosis obtained by using two techniques (histopathology and X-ray). Sixteen articles were included for the final analysis (qualitative and quantitative evaluation) out of which only two supported the statement that periapical diagnosis can be coherently assessed through periapical imaging. Although there is not enough evidence to deliver a definitive conclusion, there are many publications that refute the diagnosis of a cyst via periapical X-ray.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandru Gliga
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Unit of Endodontics, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, Periodontology, Restorative and Paediatric Dentistry, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Marina Imre
- Department of Complete Denture, Faculty of Dental Medicine, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Simone Grandini
- Unit of Endodontics, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, Periodontology, Restorative and Paediatric Dentistry, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Crystal Marruganti
- Unit of Endodontics, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, Periodontology, Restorative and Paediatric Dentistry, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Carlo Gaeta
- Unit of Endodontics, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, Periodontology, Restorative and Paediatric Dentistry, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Dana Bodnar
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Bogdan Alexandru Dimitriu
- Department of Endodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Federico Foschi
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London SE19RT, UK
- Peninsula Dental School, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL6 8BT, UK
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Barrineau AB, Mah P, Mallya SM. Improvements in image quality after optimization in digital intraoral radiographs. J Am Dent Assoc 2023; 154:24-31. [PMID: 36402578 DOI: 10.1016/j.adaj.2022.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Digital intraoral radiographic exposures are optimized largely on the basis of subjective assessment of diagnostic image quality. This study presents an objective approach to optimize radiographic exposure settings for digital intraoral radiographic systems. METHODS Seven size 2 digital intraoral systems were assessed for image quality and determination of optimal exposure following the protocol specified in American National Standard Institute/American Dental Association Standard No. 1094: Quality Assurance for Digital Intra-Oral Radiographic Systems. A ProX radiograph unit (Planmeca) at 63 kVp and 6 mA was used to obtain radiographs of the Dental Digital Quality Assurance phantom. ImageJ software (National Institutes of Health) was used to quantify dynamic range and spatial resolution, and contrast perceptibility was evaluated visually. Optimal exposure is the setting with the maximal contrast perceptibility and spatial resolution while displaying the full dynamic range. After image optimization, a custom phantom consisting of an endodontically prepared tooth was imaged to evaluate the file position relative to the apex for each system. Differences in distances between file position relative to the root apex at the optimal exposure as well as 1 increment above and below were measured. RESULTS Radiographic images obtained at the optimal exposure yielded better visualization and more accurate measurements of the file tip relative to the apex. CONCLUSIONS Optimizing radiographic exposures improves image quality and accuracy in clinical decisions. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS Improvement in image quality and better accuracy in actual distance of the endodontic file to the radiographic apex coupled with complete cleaning, shaping, and obturation of the canal should lead to better endodontic treatment outcomes.
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Mah P, Buchanan A, Reeves TE. The Importance of the ANSI/ADA Standard for Digital Intraoral Radiographic Systems: A Pragmatic Approach to Quality Assurance. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2022; 135:117-128. [PMID: 36117096 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2022.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
The need for quality assurance (QA) for digital dental radiography has existed since the introduction of digital imaging; however, the methods and phantoms required to achieve it were not available. This resulted in a chaotic approach to address QA based largely upon subjective analysis of image quality. The American National Standards Institute (ANSI)/American Dental Association (ADA) Quality Assurance Standard 1094 for Digital Intraoral Radiographic Systems (DIRS) presents a paradigm shift to a scientific and objective method of QA rather than one based on subjective assessments. This standard takes into account the contributions of all components of the digital imaging chain that affect final image quality rather than assessing the various components in isolation. The optimal image is determined for each DIRS through objective analysis of the image quality properties of dynamic range, spatial resolution, and contrast perceptibility. Image optimization, a critical component of a quality assurance program, is the proper balance between diagnostic image quality and radiation dose to the patient. This publication counters disseminated myths and misconceptions with scientific evidence and will help dental practitioners appreciate and understand the benefits of the new ANSI/ADA Standard on QA for DIRS.
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Schwartz TR, Lindemann TL, Mongelluzzo G, Wackym PA, Gadre AK. Gray-Scale Inversion on High Resolution Computed Tomography of the Temporal Bone: An Observational Study. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2021; 130:1125-1131. [PMID: 33629604 DOI: 10.1177/0003489421996844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This is a qualitative study to explore the utility of gray-scale inversion or the "invert" function of high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) scans in the diagnosis of temporal bone anatomy and pathology. METHODS This is a case series describing an innovative application of an existing image processing tool to visualize temporal bone anatomy and pathology. Illustrative patients at a tertiary referral center with otologic symptoms and findings leading to HRCT scans of the temporal bone were included. Diagnostic HRCT scans were evaluated utilizing the gray-scale inversion function (invert function). RESULTS Nine illustrative cases which demonstrate conditions such as persistent stapedial artery, membranous stapes footplate, total ossicular prosthesis migration into the vestibule, third window syndrome such as superior semicircular canal dehiscence (SSCD) and cochlea-facial nerve dehiscence, otosclerosis, and ossicular chain discontinuity are included. The enhanced visualization was confirmed surgically in 3 cases, and 1 had physiological confirmation using cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (cVEMP). CONCLUSIONS Gray-scale inversion can be used to improve visualization of temporal bone anatomy and pathologic changes when diagnoses are in doubt. The invert function is a useful adjunct in the armamentarium of both radiologists and otologists when evaluating HRCT of the temporal bone.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - P Ashley Wackym
- Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School New Brunswick, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
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Effect of digital enhancement on the radiographic assessment of vertical root fractures in the presence of different intracanal materials: an in vitro study. Clin Oral Investig 2020; 25:195-202. [PMID: 32506327 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-020-03353-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effect of enhancement tools of intraoral digital radiographs on the assessment of vertical root fracture (VRF) and to quantify the resultant image noise. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty single-rooted human teeth (15 control and 15 fractured) were each radiographed in four intracanal conditions: no filling, gutta-percha, metal post, and fiberglass post, totaling 120 original images. Two filters were applied to the original images-Sharpen filter (SF) and Edge Enhancement filter (EE), and brightness and contrast were adjusted in four combinations (B&C1 to 4), resulting in 840 images. Five oral radiologists analyzed the images for VRF detection. Pixel intensity was obtained in two regions from the radiographs. Diagnostic values were calculated and compared by two-way ANOVA, and the SD values of pixel intensity values were compared by one-way ANOVA (α = 0.05). RESULTS There were no significant differences in accuracy for VRF detection between the experimental groups (p > 0.05). Teeth with metal post presented the lowest sensitivity (p < 0.05) for all experimental conditions, except for SF and EE (p > 0.05). B&C2, B&C3, and B&C4 had higher specificity than SF (p ≤ 0.05) for all intracanal conditions. Analysis of pixel intensity showed that all enhanced images presented statistically significant higher noise compared to those of the original images (p ≤ 0.05). CONCLUSION Digital enhancement tools in digital radiography increase image noise; however, they can be used without compromising VRF detection. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The use of digital enhancement does not impair the detection of VRF and, therefore, can be applied for this purpose according to the observer preference.
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The use of smartphones in radiographic diagnosis: accuracy on the detection of marginal gaps. Clin Oral Investig 2019; 23:1993-1996. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-019-02848-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Bruellmann D, Sander S, Schmidtmann I. The design of an fast Fourier filter for enhancing diagnostically relevant structures – endodontic files. Comput Biol Med 2016; 72:212-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2016.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Revised: 03/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Abesi F, Nikafshar N, Haghanifar S, Khafri S, Hamzeh M. Can the Inversion Filter Improve the Visibility of the Mandibular Incisive Canal? IRANIAN JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY 2016; 13:e22698. [PMID: 27110339 PMCID: PMC4837295 DOI: 10.5812/iranjradiol.22698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Revised: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the anatomic structures in the mental interforaminal area is the mandibular incisive canal (MIC). Using various manipulation tools in the digital system may affect the visibility of MIC. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of inversion filter (IF) on the visibility of mandibular incisive canal in panoramic radiographs. PATIENTS AND METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 2580 digital panoramic images of 18 to 70-year-old patients were inspected for presence of MIC. Visibility of MIC and extension of the canal were registered separately on each side using IF and conventional mode. Data were analyzed by Kappa test using SPSS version 20 software. A probability value of P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS There was no significant differences between IF and conventional mode regarding visibility of MIC (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION Although using IF caused improved visibility of MIC, the difference with conventional mode was not statistically different.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farida Abesi
- Dental Materials Research Center, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Dental Faculty, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Nima Nikafshar
- Student Research Committee, Dental Faculty, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Sina Haghanifar
- Dental Materials Research Center, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Dental Faculty, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
- Corresponding author: Sina Haghanifar, Dental Materials Research Center, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Dental Faculty, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran. Tel: +98-1132291408, Fax: +98-1132291093, E-mail:
| | - Soraya Khafri
- Social Medical and Health Department, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Mahtab Hamzeh
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Dental Faculty, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
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Farhadi N, Shokraneh A, Mehdizadeh M. Effect of Contrast Inversion Enhancement on the Accuracy of Endodontic File Length Determination in Digital Radiography. J Clin Diagn Res 2015; 9:ZC102-5. [PMID: 26155552 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2015/11767.5988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this ex vivo study was to evaluate the accuracy of endodontic file length measurement on digital periapical radiographs after application of contrast inversion digital enhancement. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty single-rooted single-canal mature permanent human teeth with canals measuring 20-24 mm in length were used in this study. ISO #08 K-files were placed in the root canals of the teeth. The file lengths were measured with a digital caliper as the gold standard. Standard periapical digital images were obtained with the Digora storage phosphor plates and Digora Optime scanner as the original images. The contrast inversion option of Scanora software program version 5.1 was used to produce enhanced images. Three radiologists and three endodontists measured file lengths on the original and enhanced images. The measurements were compared using repeated measures ANOVA and Bonferroni tests (α=0.05). RESULTS There were significant differences between the measurement accuracy of the original and enhanced images (p<0.05). The enhanced images exhibited longer measurements compared to the original images. However, the two sets of digital radiographs provided significantly longer measurements compared to the gold standard (p<0.05). CONCLUSION The contrast inversion tool of Scanora software program decreases measurement accuracy of the length of small endodontic files on digital periapical radiographs. It is suggested that contrast inversion should not be used in determining the lengths of small endodontic files.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nastaran Farhadi
- Assistant Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry, Physiology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences , Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ali Shokraneh
- Assistant Professor, Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences , Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mojdeh Mehdizadeh
- Associate Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry, Torabinejad Dental Research Center, Dental Implants Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences , Isfahan, Iran
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Diagnostic accuracy of conventional and digital radiography for detecting misfit between the tooth and restoration in metal-restored teeth. J Prosthet Dent 2015; 113:39-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2014.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Revised: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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In vitro comparison of three different image receptors for determining the length of endodontic files. J Dent Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2012.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Oliveira ML, Vieira ML, Cruz AD, Bóscolo FN, DE Almeida SM. Gray scale inversion in digital image for measurement of tooth length. Braz Dent J 2014; 23:703-6. [PMID: 23338264 DOI: 10.1590/s0103-64402012000600013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2012] [Accepted: 11/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the applicability of gray scale inversion in performing digital linear endodontic measurements. Standardized digital images were taken of 40 extracted human permanent single-rooted teeth with K-files size 15 placed at different lengths in the root canal, using the CDR Wireless(®) digital system. All images were treated with Positive, a digital tool that inverts the grayscale value. Eight radiologists measured the distance between the lower limit of the rubber stop and the tip of the file on both original and positive images. After 15 days, they repeated this procedure in 50% of the image samples. The intra- and inter-examiner agreement was analyzed by intraclass correlation test, and the comparison between the two image groups and the actual lengths by the Student's t-test (α=0.05). Intra- and inter-examiner evaluation showed high reproducibility (r>0.95) of both original and positive images. No statistically significant differences (p>0.05) were found between measurements performed on original and positive images, but both differed significantly from the actual lengths (p<0.05). Gray scale inversion has low applicability in measuring endodontic files, since it did not improve the accuracy of measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Lima Oliveira
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, UNICAMP - University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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Mehdizadeh M, Khademi AA, Shokraneh A, Farhadi N. Effect of digital noise reduction on the accuracy of endodontic file length determination. Imaging Sci Dent 2013; 43:185-90. [PMID: 24083212 PMCID: PMC3784678 DOI: 10.5624/isd.2013.43.3.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Revised: 02/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the present study was to evaluate the measurement accuracy of endodontic file length on periapical digital radiography after application of noise reduction digital enhancement. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-five human single-rooted permanent teeth with canals measuring 20-24 mm in length were selected. ISO #08 endodontic files were placed in the root canals of the teeth. The file lengths were measured with a digital caliper as the standard value. Standard periapical digital images were obtained using the Digora digital radiographic system and a dental X-ray unit. In order to produce the enhanced images, the noise reduction option was applied. Two blinded radiologists measured the file lengths on the original and enhanced images. The measurements were compared by repeated measures ANOVA and the Bonferroni test (α=0.05). RESULTS Both the original and enhanced digital images provided significantly longer measurements compared with the standard value (P<0.05). There were no significant differences between the measurement accuracy of the original and enhanced images (P>0.05). CONCLUSION Noise reduction digital enhancement did not influence the measurement accuracy of the length of the thin endodontic files on the digital periapical radiographs despite the fact that noise reduction could result in the elimination of fine details of the images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojdeh Mehdizadeh
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Robinson JW, Ryan JT, McEntee MF, Lewis SJ, Evanoff MG, Rainford LA, Brennan PC. Grey-scale inversion improves detection of lung nodules. Br J Radiol 2012; 86:20110812. [PMID: 23239692 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20110812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The current study aims to establish whether detection of solitary pulmonary nodules can be improved by inverting the grey scale of posteroanterior (PA) chests. Methods 30 PA chest images were presented on 2 occasions to 16 senior radiologists on either primary or secondary class displays in the standard or inverted mode. 15 images within each group contained a single nodule positioned in a range of anatomical sites. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) methodology was used to explore differences between the presentation modes. Results Improved ROC scores were evident with inverted (Az 0.77) compared with standard (Az 0.73) (p=0.02) images; however, this difference was seen only with the primary displays. The benefits seen are most likely owing to increased nodule luminance with the inverted images, particularly when using primary displays. Conclusion This study demonstrates that the inverted image can offer advantages in lung nodule detection over the standard presentation mode when images are viewed on high-specification viewing systems. The study has demonstrated that there is an improvement in the detectability of lung nodules on an inverted image with a primary display monitor that is not evident with secondary displays. This is likely to be the result of increased nodule luminance on primary displays when images are presented in the inverted mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Robinson
- Discipline of Medical Radiation Sciences, Faculty of Health Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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16
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Important technical parameters are not presented in reports of intraoral digital radiography in endodontic treatment: recommendations for future studies. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2012; 114:251-8.e1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2012.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2011] [Revised: 01/20/2012] [Accepted: 02/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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de Oliveira ML, Pinto GCDS, Ambrosano GMB, Tosoni GM. Effect of combined digital imaging parameters on endodontic file measurements. J Endod 2012; 38:1404-7. [PMID: 22980188 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2012.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2012] [Revised: 06/03/2012] [Accepted: 06/04/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study assessed the effect of the combination of a dedicated endodontic filter, spatial resolution, and contrast resolution on the determination of endodontic file lengths. METHODS Forty extracted single-rooted teeth were x-rayed with K-files (ISO size 10 and 15) in the root canals. Images were acquired using the VistaScan system (Dürr Dental, Beitigheim-Bissingen, Germany) under different combining parameters of spatial resolution (10 and 25 line pairs per millimeter [lp/mm]) and contrast resolution (8- and 16-bit depths). Subsequently, a dedicated endodontic filter was applied on the 16-bit images, creating 2 additional parameters. Six observers measured the length of the endodontic files in the root canals using the software that accompanies the system. The mean values of the actual file lengths and the measurements of the radiographic images were submitted to 1-way analysis of variance and the Tukey test at a level of significance of 5%. The intraobserver reproducibility was assessed by the intraclass correlation coefficient. RESULTS All combined image parameters showed excellent intraobserver agreement with intraclass correlation coefficient means higher than 0.98. The imaging parameter of 25 lp/mm and 16 bit associated with the use of the endodontic filter did not differ significantly from the actual file lengths when both file sizes were analyzed together or separately (P > .05). When the size 15 file was evaluated separately, only 8-bit images differed significantly from the actual file lengths (P ≤ .05). CONCLUSIONS The combination of an endodontic filter with high spatial resolution and high contrast resolution is recommended for the determination of file lengths when using storage phosphor plates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Lima de Oliveira
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Robinson JW, Ryan JT, McEntee MF, Lewis SJ, Evanoff MG, Rainford LA, Brennan PC. Grey-scale inversion improves detection of lung nodules. Br J Radiol 2012; 86:27961545. [PMID: 22573300 DOI: 10.1259/bjr/27961545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The current study aims to establish whether detection of solitary pulmonary nodules can be improved by inverting the grey scale of posteroanterior (PA) chests. METHODS 30 PA chest images were presented on 2 occasions to 16 senior radiologists on either primary or secondary class displays in the standard or inverted mode. 15 images within each group contained a single nodule positioned in a range of anatomical sites. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) methodology was used to explore differences between the presentation modes. RESULTS Improved ROC scores were evident with inverted (Az 0.77) compared with standard (Az 0.73) (p=0.02) images; however, this difference was seen only with the primary displays. The benefits seen are most likely owing to increased nodule luminance with the inverted images, particularly when using primary displays. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that the inverted image can offer advantages in lung nodule detection over the standard presentation mode when images are viewed on high-specification viewing systems. The study has demonstrated that there is an improvement in the detectability of lung nodules on an inverted image with a primary display monitor that is not evident with secondary displays. This is likely to be the result of increased nodule luminance on primary displays when images are presented in the inverted mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Robinson
- Discipline of Medical Radiation Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
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Tofangchiha M, Bakhshi M, Shariati M, Valizadeh S, Adel M, Sobouti F. Detection of vertical root fractures using digitally enhanced images: reverse-contrast and colorization. Dent Traumatol 2012; 28:478-82. [PMID: 22340129 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-9657.2012.01120.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Root fracture diagnosis is a clinical difficulty that in most cases can only be detected through radiography. The objective of this study was to compare the diagnostic accuracy of two types of digitally enhanced images (reverse-contrast and colorization) with original digital radiographies in detecting experimental root fractures. Two hundred extracted single-rooted human teeth were endodontically instrumented and then divided in two groups, one control group and one test group, including fractured teeth. Vertical root fractures were experimentally made in the fractured group. The digital image of each tooth was taken, using the paralleling technique. There were three groups of images: (i) original, (ii) reverse contrast, and (iii) colorized. Three experienced dental specialists examined the images with no prior knowledge of the distribution of the root fractures. Two-way analysis of variance was used to assess the differences in accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of each technique in detecting root fractures. Cohen's kappa coefficients were calculated to investigate the degree of interobserver agreement. The accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of original images were 67.4%, 66.7%, and 68%, respectively; these amounts were 61.5%, 61%, and 65.5% in reverse contrast images and 66.4%, 70.7%, and 62% in colorized digital radiography. The original images had the best inter observer kappa coefficients (between 0.45 and 0.55). The results showed that the accuracy of original images is better than reverse contrast and colorized images. Use of reverse-contrast and colorization digital images in root fracture detection should be regarded as an adjunct to other diagnostic methods not as a highly critical diagnostic aid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Tofangchiha
- Department of Oral Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
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Brüllmann DD, Röhrig B, Sulayman SL, Schulze R. Length of endodontic files measured in digital radiographs with and without noise-suppression filters: an ex-vivo study. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2011; 40:170-6. [PMID: 21346084 PMCID: PMC3611456 DOI: 10.1259/dmfr/84700141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2010] [Revised: 05/22/2010] [Accepted: 05/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study is to evaluate if theoretically possible edge shifts induced by noise-suppression filters potentially occur on objects found in digital radiographs. Most manufacturers carry out noise-suppression filtering of their images before they are displayed to the user. It is not usually possible for the user to disrupt the function of the filters. The use of these filters can lead to deletion of small image structures. METHODS K-files (ISO size 06, 08, 10 and 15) were placed in the root canals of 6 human teeth located in cadaver jaw segments. File tip positions were measured on original and filtered digital images by three observers. The file position was marked on each filtered image and compared with the unfiltered ones. RESULTS The 5 × 5 pixel-sized median and mean filters caused the largest underestimation of measured lengths between -7.87 pixels and -10.8 pixels (-306.93 μm and -421.2 μm). Maximum standard deviation for length differences was found for the calculated position ( = gold standard) and the original unfiltered images with 13.31 pixels. The standard deviation found for the 5 × 5 mean and median filter was 7.62 pixels and 8.68 pixels. CONCLUSION Different studies showed that noise-suppression filters can induce edge shifts in diagnostic radiographs. The high standard deviations found for length differences between the defined gold-standard and the original images indicate that theoretical edge shifts may not be clinically relevant for length measurements of endodontic files.
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Affiliation(s)
- D D Brüllmann
- Department of Oral Surgery and Oral Radiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Augustusplatz 2, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
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Oliveira ML, Ambrosano GMB, Almeida SM, Haiter-Neto F, Tosoni GM. Efficacy of several digital radiographic imaging systems for laboratory determination of endodontic file length. Int Endod J 2011; 44:469-73. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2591.2011.01860.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Modern dental imaging: a review of the current technology and clinical applications in dental practice. Eur Radiol 2010; 20:2637-55. [PMID: 20544352 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-010-1836-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2010] [Revised: 04/15/2010] [Accepted: 04/29/2010] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
A review of modern imaging techniques commonly used in dental practice and their clinical applications is presented. The current dental examinations consist of intraoral imaging with digital indirect and direct receptors, while extraoral imaging is divided into traditional tomographic/panoramic imaging and the more recently introduced cone beam computed tomography. Applications, limitations and current trends of these dental "in-office" radiographic techniques are discussed.
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Kamburoğlu K, Murat S, Pehlivan SY. The effects of digital image enhancement on the detection of vertical root fracture. Dent Traumatol 2010; 26:47-51. [PMID: 20089061 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-9657.2009.00841.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM To determine the effects of digital image enhancement on observer ability to detect experimentally induced vertical root fractures (VRF). MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 64 extracted human mandibular premolar teeth were used in this study. In 32 teeth, VRFs were created in the bucco-lingual planes by gently tapping with screw-type root-canal pins. The remaining 32 intact teeth served as a control group. Digital images were obtained using a charge coupled device sensor. Three observers separately examined the original and four types of digitally enhanced images (enhanced using sharpness, zoom-in, reverse-contrast, and pseudo-3D functions) at 1-week intervals. All teeth were evaluated using a 5-point scale for the presence/absence of VRF. Evaluations of each image set were repeated 1 month after the initial viewings. Kappa coefficients were calculated to investigate the degree of intra- and inter-observer agreement. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves (Az values) were calculated using the MedCalc statistical software. ROC values for each image type, observer and viewing were compared using t-tests. A level of alpha = 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS Kappa coefficients for intra-observer agreement ranged from 0.304 to 0.679. Inter-observer agreement kappa values ranged from 0.109 to 0.399 for the first reading and from 0.106 to 0.380 for the second reading. Statistical comparisons between Az values for each observer showed no significant differences (P > 0.05) among image types. CONCLUSION There were no differences in diagnostic outcomes among differently enhanced images in the in vitro detection of VRF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kivanç Kamburoğlu
- Department of Oral Diagnosis and Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.
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Vandenberghe B, Bud M, Sutanto A, Jacobs R. The use of high-resolution digital imaging technology for small diameter K-file length determination in endodontics. Clin Oral Investig 2009; 14:223-31. [PMID: 19452176 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-009-0285-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2009] [Accepted: 05/05/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
To assess the reliability of high resolution intra-oral photostimulable storage phosphor (PSP) and complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) imaging systems for working length (WL) assessment of small K-files in narrow and curved root canals. Eleven narrow and curved canals from extracted molars were used as pre-test for sample-size calculation. Nineteen canals from four cadavers were used for endodontic length assessment in the final study. Small K-files (ISO size 6, 8, and 10) were introduced into the canals at prepared length. Digital intra-oral radiographs were obtained using high-resolution Vistascan PSP plates and Sigma M CMOS active pixel sensor with a DC X-ray tube at 70 kV, 7 mA, and 0.16 s. Both image series were assessed with and without use of a dedicated endodontic filter. Three observers measured WLs for comparison to the gold standards of a digital millimeter ruler. Multiple regression analysis of the dependent measurements revealed no significant influence of imaging sensor (PSP or CMOS, p = 0.34) and image processing (p = 0.97). For ISO file size, however, there was a significant difference (p = 0.08) at a level of 10%. Observers mostly underestimated lengths using PSP but overestimated them on CMOS. Almost all radiographic measurements (96-98%) were within 2-mm deviation, while 71% to 82% deviated within 1 mm. Dedicated filtering and sensor type did not influence the outcome of WL determination of small file sizes when using high-resolution imaging sensors. WL determination with ISO file 6 did show a significant difference compared to ISO 8 and 10 but mostly for deviations <1.5 mm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart Vandenberghe
- Oral Imaging Centre, School of Dentistry, Oral Pathology and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 7, Leuven, Belgium.
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Brito-Júnior M, Santos LAN, Baleeiro ÉN, Pêgo MMF, Eleutério NB, Camilo CC. Linear measurements to determine working length of curved canals with fine files: conventional versus digital radiography. J Oral Sci 2009; 51:559-64. [DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.51.559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Digital radiography has been available in dentistry for more than 25 years, but it has not replaced conventional film-based radiography completely. This could be because of the costs involved in replacing conventional radiographic equipment with a digital imaging system, or because implementing new technology in the dental practice requires a bit of courage. When the practitioner is fully aware of the new possibilities offered by digital radiography, he or she can make a more informed decision about adopting it. This article offers information about digital radiography, not just as a replacement of conventional radiography, but also as a concept offering benefits beyond those of conventional radiography. OVERVIEW Digital radiographs are composed of a set of numbers arranged as a grid of rows and columns. The dentist can perform mathematical operations on these numbers to create a new image in which certain characteristics are enhanced, thus making interpretation of the image easier. The dentist also can correct, to some extent, overexposed or underexposed images and can optimize contrast and brightness for specific diagnostic procedures, such as caries detection and bone level assessment. More advanced procedures are available as well, such as digital subtraction radiography and computer-aided recognition of image features. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS The author presents a selection of the advantages of digital radiography that are not achievable with conventional film-based radiography. Implementing digital radiography in the dental office requires additional training. However, once members of the dental team have gone through this initial phase, they have the benefits of several new diagnostic possibilities. With a digital system, information from radiographic images is collected more easily and in a more objective way, which will improve the performance of the diagnostic process.
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Baksı BG. Measurement accuracy and perceived quality of imaging systems for the evaluation of periodontal structures. Odontology 2008; 96:55-60. [DOI: 10.1007/s10266-008-0081-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2007] [Accepted: 01/24/2008] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Brook A Niemiec
- Southern California Veterinary Dental Specialties, San Diego, CA 92111, USA.
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