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de Araújo GR, Morais-Perdigão AL, de Cáceres CVBL, Lopes MA, Aguirre-Urizar JM, Carlos R, Tager EMJR, van Heerden WFP, Robinson L, Pontes HAR, de Andrade BAB, Soares CD, Gomez RS, Fonseca FP. Lymphomas Affecting the Sublingual Glands: A Clinicopathological Study. Head Neck Pathol 2023; 17:154-164. [PMID: 36166159 PMCID: PMC10063706 DOI: 10.1007/s12105-022-01489-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lymphomas affecting the sublingual glands are extremely rare and very few case reports are currently available. Therefore, the aim of the current study is to describe the clinicopathological features of a series of lymphomas involving the sublingual glands. METHODS Cases diagnosed in four pathology services were assessed and the formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue blocks were retrieved for diagnosis confirmation. Clinical data were obtained from patients' medical files. RESULTS We obtained seven cases of lymphomas in the sublingual glands, representing two follicular lymphomas, two diffuse large B cell lymphomas not otherwise specified (DLBCL NOS), two extranodal marginal zone B cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT lymphomas) and one mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). In all cases the tumor cells infiltrated the glandular parenchyma, although in two of them the neoplastic cells were located more superficially and permeated the glandular acini and ducts. Clinically, the tumors presented as asymptomatic nodules and two patients (affected by DLBCL NOS and MCL) died, while the other five patients remained alive at last follow-up. CONCLUSION Lymphomas affecting the sublingual glands are usually of the mature B cell lineage, often represent low-grade subtypes and may clinically resemble other more common lesions in the floor of the mouth like salivary gland tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Ribeiro de Araújo
- Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, Belo Horizonte, 6627, Brazil
| | - Ana Luísa Morais-Perdigão
- Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, Belo Horizonte, 6627, Brazil
| | | | - Márcio Ajudarte Lopes
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | | | - Roman Carlos
- Centro Clínico de Cabeza Y Cuello, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - Elena María José Román Tager
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil
- Centro Clínico de Cabeza Y Cuello, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - Willie F P van Heerden
- Department of Oral Biology and Oral Pathology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Liam Robinson
- Department of Oral Biology and Oral Pathology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Hélder Antônio Rebelo Pontes
- Service of Oral Pathology, João de Barros, Barreto University Hospital, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | | | - Ciro Dantas Soares
- Private Pathology Service, Getúlio Sales Diagnósticos, Natal, RN, Brasil
| | - Ricardo Santiago Gomez
- Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, Belo Horizonte, 6627, Brazil
| | - Felipe Paiva Fonseca
- Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, Belo Horizonte, 6627, Brazil.
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil.
- Department of Oral Biology and Oral Pathology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
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The Role of Radiomics in Salivary Gland Imaging: A Systematic Review and Radiomics Quality Assessment. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12123002. [PMID: 36553009 PMCID: PMC9777175 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12123002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Radiomics of salivary gland imaging can support clinical decisions in different clinical scenarios, such as tumors, radiation-induced xerostomia and sialadenitis. This review aims to evaluate the methodological quality of radiomics studies on salivary gland imaging. Material and Methods: A systematic search was performed, and the methodological quality was evaluated using the radiomics quality score (RQS). Subgroup analyses according to the first author's professional role (medical or not medical), journal type (radiological journal or other) and the year of publication (2021 or before) were performed. The correlation of RQS with the number of patients was calculated. Results: Twenty-three articles were included (mean RQS 11.34 ± 3.68). Most studies well-documented the imaging protocol (87%), while neither prospective validations nor cost-effectiveness analyses were performed. None of the included studies provided open-source data. A statistically significant difference in RQS according to the year of publication was found (p = 0.009), with papers published in 2021 having slightly higher RQSs than older ones. No differences according to journal type or the first author's professional role were demonstrated. A moderate relationship between the overall RQS and the number of patients was found. Conclusions: Radiomics application in salivary gland imaging is increasing. Although its current clinical applicability can be affected by the somewhat inadequate quality of the papers, a significant improvement in radiomics methodologies has been demonstrated in the last year.
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Ito K, Muraoka H, Hirahara N, Sawada E, Okada S, Kaneda T. Quantitative assessment of normal submandibular glands and submandibular sialadenitis using CT texture analysis: A retrospective study. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2020; 132:112-117. [PMID: 33214092 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2020.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to quantitatively assess normal submandibular glands and submandibular sialadenitis (SS) using computed tomography (CT) texture analysis as part of radiomics quantitative analysis. STUDY DESIGN In total, 31 patients with unilateral SS who underwent head and neck magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and CT and were retrospectively reviewed. Submandibular glands with abnormal signals (STIR: high, T2-weighted image: high, T1-weighted image: low) on MRI were identified as SS. The radiomics features of the contralateral normal submandibular glands and SS were analyzed using an open-access software, MaZda Version 3.3. Sixteen radiomics features were selected with Fisher and probability of error and average correlation coefficient methods in MaZda from 279 original parameters calculated for each of the normal and SS glands. The results were statistically analyzed with the Wilcoxon rank sum test. RESULTS One gray-level co-occurrence matrix feature and 9 gray-level run length matrix features displayed significant differences between normal submandibular glands and glands with SS (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS CT texture analysis was able to quantitatively distinguish between normal and diseased submandibular glands. It therefore may have the potential to detect SS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kotaro Ito
- Department of Radiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba, Japan.
| | - Hirotaka Muraoka
- Department of Radiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Naohisa Hirahara
- Department of Radiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Eri Sawada
- Department of Radiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shunya Okada
- Department of Radiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takashi Kaneda
- Department of Radiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba, Japan
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Iversen L, Eriksen PRG, Andreasen S, Clasen-Linde E, Homøe P, Wessel I, von Buchwald C, Heegaard S. Lymphoma of the Sublingual Gland: Clinical, Morphological, Histopathological, and Genetic Characterization. Front Surg 2020; 7:581105. [PMID: 33240925 PMCID: PMC7677352 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2020.581105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Lymphoma of the sublingual gland is rare, representing 1% of all salivary gland lymphomas. In this case report, we present three new cases and compare them to previously published cases, with the aim of characterizing the clinical, morphological, histopathological, and genetic features of this type of malignancy. Materials and Methods: We provide a clinical description of three cases along with a characterization of the microscopic features, including morphology, and immunohistochemistry. In addition, we analysed possible cytogenetic rearrangements with the use of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Results: Case 1: A 61-year-old male presenting with a painless swelling of the floor of the mouth diagnosed as extranodal marginal zone lymphoma (EMZL) of the left sublingual gland. The patient is alive with no evidence of disease after his fourth treatment regimen following several relapses. Case 2: A 68-year-old female with a prior history of mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) presenting with a tender swelling of the left sublingual gland as well as the right submandibular gland. The lesions were diagnosed as relapsing MCL. The patient died of unrelated causes after 18 months of treatment. Case 3: A 75-year-old female presenting with a swelling of the floor of the mouth diagnosed as follicular lymphoma (FL) of the left sublingual gland. The patient received chemotherapy along with radiotherapy and was still alive 10 years after the diagnosis. Conclusion: The three cases of sublingual gland lymphomas presented in this case report resemble lymphomas of other major salivary glands. The clinician should be aware of this type of malignancy and that the clinical presentation may not differ from benign lesions or other more common malignancies in this location.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Iversen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rigshospitalet-Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark.,Department of Pathology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Simon Andreasen
- Department of Pathology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery and Audiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Preben Homøe
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery and Audiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Irene Wessel
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Maxillofacial Surgery, Zealand University Hospital, Køge, Denmark
| | - Christian von Buchwald
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Maxillofacial Surgery, Zealand University Hospital, Køge, Denmark
| | - Steffen Heegaard
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rigshospitalet-Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark.,Department of Pathology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Sharma G, Nagpal A. Salivary gland disease in human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: A review. World J Dermatol 2015; 4:57-62. [DOI: 10.5314/wjd.v4.i1.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Revised: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection on salivary glands has diagnostic and prognostic significance. HIV-salivary gland disease (HIV-SGD) is comprehensively ascertained amongst the major critical acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related oral manifestation and causes substantial morbidity. Parotid gland swelling due to sicca syndrome, parotid lipomatosis, sialadenitis, diffuse infiltrative lymphocytosis syndrome, benign lymphoepithelial lesions, neoplasms (benign or malignant) of salivary gland, parotid gland inflammation, diminished flow rates of saliva and xerostomia have been documented that also affects the health- associated characteristics of life in subjects infected with HIV. There is a necessity for health care researchers to diagnose it, particularly as it might worsen if left undiagnosed. The precise characteristic of alterations in dynamics of salivary gland structure and functionality with long-standing usage of highly active anti-retroviral therapy still remains unknown. HIV positive children also present with bilateral parotid enlargement and the syndrome state with classical clinical and cytological features of predominated lymphoid hyperplasia. Though various case reports and studies have been extensively published on different aspects of HIV-SGD, it has not been described solely, thus leading to occasional confusion of nomenclature and clinical presentation of HIV-SGD. This article reviews the pathogenesis of HIV-related SGD and its components and various other miscellaneous disorders affecting the salivary glands in HIV/AIDS.
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Drebber U, Hardt A, Dienes HP, Odenthal M. [Cytomegalovirus. Pathological-anatomical manifestations and detection methods]. DER PATHOLOGE 2012; 32:418-27. [PMID: 21792604 DOI: 10.1007/s00292-011-1449-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus, a double-stranded DNA virus, is a member of the Herpesviridae family with high rates of transmission. Primary infection is often asymptomatic and leads to life-long latency. Reactivation may induce different organ manifestations, particularly in the setting of immunosuppression. Histopathologically, the virus can be detected by light microscopy. Different cell populations in different organs are transformed into"owl's eye" cells, which are pathognomonic. Immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy can be applied as complementary methods. Various PCR approaches in molecular pathology including nested PCR, capture probe ELISA-PCR and real time PCR confer HCMV tests high sensitivity and specificity. The present article discusses the methods of pathological diagnostic approaches and describes organ manifestations of HCMV.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Drebber
- Institut für Pathologie, Universität Köln, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Köln, Deutschland.
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da Silva AA, Bingle L, Speight PM, Bingle CD, Mauad T, da Silva LFF, Vargas PA. PLUNC protein expression in major salivary glands of HIV-infected patients. Oral Dis 2010; 17:258-64. [PMID: 20860761 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-0825.2010.01733.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyse and compare the expression of Palate, Lung, and Nasal Epithelium Clone (PLUNC) proteins in salivary glands from patients with and without AIDS (control group) using autopsy material. METHODS We analysed the expression of PLUNCs using immunohistochemistry in parotid (n = 45), submandibular (n = 47) and sublingual gland (n = 37) samples of AIDS patients [30 with normal histology, 21 with mycobacteriosis, 14 with cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection, 30 with chronic non-specific sialadenitis, and 30 HIV-negative controls. In situ hybridization (ISH) for SPLUNC 2 in the HIV-negative group was performed. RESULTS SPLUNC 1 expression was detected in the mucous acini of submandibular and sublingual glands, and SPLUNC 2 were seen in the serous cells. LPLUNC 1 expression was only positive in the salivary ducts. There was a higher expression of SPLUNC 2 in AIDS patients with CMV infection and mycobacteriosis when compared with all other groups. The intensity of staining for SPLUNC 2 was greater around the lesions than the peripheral ones. ISH for SPLUNC 2 showed perinuclear positivity in the serous cells in all HIV-negative cases. CONCLUSIONS SPLUNC 1 and LPLUNC 1 proteins were similarly expressed in the salivary glands of AIDS patients and non-HIV patients. CMV infection and mycobacteriosis increase SPLUNC 2 expression in serous cells in the salivary gland of AIDS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A da Silva
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry of Piracicaba, UNICAMP, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo State, Brazil
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Nelson AM, Auerbach A, Man YG. Failure to detect active virus replication in mast cells at various tissue sites of HIV patients by immunohistochemistry. Int J Biol Sci 2009; 5:603-10. [PMID: 19834544 PMCID: PMC2757578 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.5.603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2009] [Accepted: 09/17/2009] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A recent report postulated that the mast cell population is a significant reservoir for persistent HIV infection. Our study attempted to validate this hypothesis by quantitatively comparing the distribution of mast cells and cells expressing the HIV protein p24 in HIV infected patients. Consecutive sections of paraffin-embedded human tissues from various tissue sites were subjected to immunohistochemistry with monoclonal antibodies to mast cell tryptase, viral protein p24, and other molecules. The sub-cellular distribution of these molecules was examined, to determine whether immunoreactivities to these molecules would be co-localized within the same cells. Our study revealed that, in two immediate adjacent sections immunostained for mast cell tryptase and p24, respectively, all or nearly all tryptase and p24 expressing cells were distributed at different areas. In the single section double immunostained for mast cell tryptase and p24, 5 (1.1%) of 460 large p24 expressing cell clusters encountered showed a single or few mast cells within or adjacent to p24 expressing cell clusters, but no distinct co-localization of these two proteins was observed. Similarly, no distinct co-localization was observed in any of over 500 isolated individual mast cells and p24 expressing cells. In contrast, macrophages were consistently intermixed with or adjacent to p24 expressing cells, and p24 immunostaining were seen in the cytoplasm of a subset of macrophages. These findings suggest that tissue mast cells do not show evidence for active virus replication by the techniques employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Marie Nelson
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Scientific Laboratory, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology and American Registry of Pathology, Washington DC, USA.
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