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Fristad I, Haug S, Bårdsen A. Biological properties versus solubility of endodontic sealers and cements. Biomater Investig Dent 2024; 11:40863. [PMID: 38903777 PMCID: PMC11187977 DOI: 10.2340/biid.v11.40863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Endodontic sealers and cements used in root canal treatment have different compositions and properties. Common to all materials is that their primary goal is to fill gaps and voids, making a permanent seal of the root canal system. Furthermore, aspects such as antibacterial properties, cytotoxicity, setting time, solubility and biocompatibility are also crucial and ought to be considered. Over the years, a shift in the view on the importance of these aspects has ocurred. Whereas the antibacterial properties were considered important when the technical factors in endodontics were less developed, the sealing ability and biocompatibility have later been considered the most critical factors. The introduction of tricalcium silicate cements and sealers has led to a renewed interest in material properties, as these cements seem to have good sealing ability and at the same time combine favourable antimicrobial effects with excellent biocompatibility. This review discusses how the various properties of root canal sealers and cements may conflict with the primary aim of providing a permanent seal of the root canal system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inge Fristad
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Sivakami Haug
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Asgeir Bårdsen
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Ito R, Watanabe S, Kouno A, Yamauchi S, Okiji T. Heat-Induced Changes in the Physical Properties of a New Premixed Calcium Silicate-Containing Root Canal Sealer: An In Vitro Study. Dent J (Basel) 2024; 12:106. [PMID: 38668018 PMCID: PMC11048785 DOI: 10.3390/dj12040106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to examine how heating affects the physical properties of a newly developed premixed calcium silicate-containing sealer (AH Plus Bioceramic Sealer; AHB), in comparison with EndoSequence BC Sealer (ES), AH Plus Jet (AH), and Pulp Canal Sealer. The setting time, flow, and film thickness were tested with or without heating at 100 °C for 30 or 60 s, in accordance with ISO6876:2012 standards. Ultrastructural and elemental analyses were performed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with a Tukey post hoc test (α = 0.05). All sealers exhibited significantly shorter setting time and flow after heating at 100 °C for 30 and 60 s (p < 0.05). After heating, AHB showed a significantly higher film thickness compared to that of the other materials (p < 0.05). None of the tested properties of heat-applied AHB and ES met ISO standards, except the setting time in ES. The SEM/EDS results for AHB and ES were not affected by heating. The detected changes in physical properties can negatively impact the performance of premixed calcium silicate-containing sealers, particularly AHB, when warm vertical compaction is employed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Satoshi Watanabe
- Department of Pulp Biology and Endodontics, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan; (R.I.); (A.K.); (S.Y.); (T.O.)
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Malta CP, Santi SS, Barcelos RCS, Zanatta FB, Bier CAS, Morgental RD. Premixed calcium silicate-based root canal sealers have better biological properties than AH Plus: A systematic review and meta-analysis of in vivo animal studies and in vitro laboratory studies. JOURNAL OF CONSERVATIVE DENTISTRY AND ENDODONTICS 2024; 27:345-359. [PMID: 38779200 PMCID: PMC11108423 DOI: 10.4103/jcde.jcde_24_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Objectives The aim was to determine whether premixed calcium silicate-based root canal sealers have better biological properties than AH Plus. Materials and Methods Searches of studies published up to January 2023 were performed in the PubMed/MEDLINE and EMBASE and via other methods (databases of the International Endodontic Journal, Journal of Endodontics, and gray literature). The inclusion criteria were in vivo animal and in vitro studies that analyzed the response in the dorsal subcutaneous tissue of rats, cell viability, and genotoxicity. Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory Animal Experimentation Risk of Bias (RoB) tool for in vivo studies and modified CONSORT checklist for in vitro were appraised. Meta-analysis was performed using the Stata. Results Fifty-two studies were included. In the RoB, in vivo studies fulfilled 20%-50% of the items and in vitro 60%-100%. The studies included in the meta-analysis demonstrated better histocompatibility with the premixed calcium silicate-based sealers at 30 days and greater cell viability with these sealers when used in undiluted extracts in experimental period of 72 h and in extracts with 1:2 and 1:4 dilution in 24 and 72 h. In contrast, no difference between materials was found concerning genotoxicity. Conclusion Premixed calcium silicate-based root canal sealers have better histocompatibility and are less cytotoxic than the epoxy resin-based sealer AH Plus, demonstrating favorable biological behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana Pereira Malta
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Samantha Simoni Santi
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | | | - Fabrício Batistin Zanatta
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
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Sümbüllü M, Ali A, Büker M, Arslan H. The efficiency of different irrigation activation techniques in the removal of calcium silicate-based endodontic sealer from artificially created groove. AUST ENDOD J 2023; 49 Suppl 1:238-244. [PMID: 36441606 DOI: 10.1111/aej.12722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the removal of a calcium silicate-based sealer (EndoSeal MTA) with needle irrigation (NI), passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI), XP-endo Finisher (XPF) and EDDY. A total of 56 human mandibular premolars were instrumented up to size 40.04 taper. The roots were separated longitudinally, and grooves were prepared with an ultrasonic tip at one-half of each root canal. The grooves were covered with EndoSeal MTA and re-attached roots were investigated based on the activation techniques applied. The results showed that significantly more material (p < 0.05) was removed in the EDDY group compared to the NI, PUI and XPF groups in the apical region. In the coronal region, no significant difference was observed between EDDY, XPF and PUI (p > 0.05), whereas all the latter were significantly more effective than NI (p < 0.05). These findings show that the removal of EndoSeal MTA can be more effective with EDDY compared to XPF, PUI and NI in the apical region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meltem Sümbüllü
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Afzal Ali
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Pacific Dental College and Hospital, Udaipur, India
| | - Mine Büker
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Hakan Arslan
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Boreak NM, Qadi MA, Khormi FH, Faqiri LM, Zaylai SO, Jad YA, Hamdi BA, Juraybi A. Evaluation of Cytotoxicity of Calcium Silicate-based Mineral Trioxide Aggregate Sealers: A Systematic Review of In Vitro Studies. J Contemp Dent Pract 2023; 24:610-619. [PMID: 38193186 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-3551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
AIM This review aimed to evaluate the in vitro studies done with regard to the cytotoxicity associated with mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA)-based root canal sealers. BACKGROUND Root canal sealers are used during endodontic treatment as fillers to seal the gaps between the canal gutta-percha cone and canal walls. It is necessary to understand the cytotoxicity of these materials on human-derived cells as these materials interact with human cells periapically. REVIEW RESULTS Six in vitro studies were chosen for review. In these selected studies, along with MTA-based root canal sealers, other sealers were tested for cytotoxicity on human periodontal ligament (PDL) stem cells, human PDL fibroblasts, and human osteoblast cells. Regarding cytotoxicity, the studies were diverse, and most were based on 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide) (MTT) assay. In general, the studies suggested that root canal sealers cause mild to severe cytotoxic effects and that several factors influence this effect, such as material setting time, concentration, and duration of exposure. CONCLUSION All studies in the review indicated that MTA. Fillapex must be used cautiously as it exhibited the highest cytotoxic effect compared to other MTA-based and non-MTA-based sealers. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Endodontic sealers do serve the purpose of bridging the gaps between the gutta-percha cone and the canal wall but knowing its biocompatibility becomes important as the material is extruded beyond the apical foramen where it comes in contact with the surrounding tissues. The effect of sealers on the surrounding tissues affects the healing and prognosis of the treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nezar Mohammed Boreak
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Jazan University, Saudi Arabia, Phone: +966 599016688, e-mail:
| | - Mazen Ahmed Qadi
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Jazan University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal Hadi Khormi
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Jazan University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Luay Mutaen Faqiri
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Jazan University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sadeem Omar Zaylai
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Jazan University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yaser Ali Jad
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Jazan University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bassam Ali Hamdi
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Jazan University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asayil Juraybi
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Jazan University, Saudi Arabia
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Lee JY, Shin SJ, Park JW. Influence of Phosphoric Acid Etching on Bond Strength for Calcium Silicate-Based Sealers. J Endod 2023; 49:514-520. [PMID: 36965766 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2023.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study evaluated the microtensile bond strength of calcium silicate-based sealers and AH Plus depending on the use of phosphoric acid (PA) etching before immediate resin restoration. METHODS Exposed dentin surfaces of extracted human third molars were randomly assigned to 3 groups depending on sealer type (AH Plus [Dentsply DeTrey], CeraSeal [Meta Biomed Co.], and EndoSeal MTA [Maruchi]). Half of the samples were treated with PA for 30 seconds, and the other half were cleaned with water. Completely untreated specimens were used as controls. Self-etching adhesive (Clearfil SE Bond, Kuraray) was applied, and composite resin (Tetric N-Ceram, Ivoclar Vivadent) was used to create build-ups. After 24 hours, the microtensile bond strength was measured (EZ Test, Shimadzu Co.). The failure mode was determined by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. One-way analysis of variance with the Bonferroni correction was used to analyze the data (p<0.05). RESULTS The bond strength of the water-washed dentin surfaces in the calcium silicate-based sealer groups did not differ significantly from those of the control surfaces, but the PA-pretreated surfaces exhibited relatively low bond strength. The AH Plus-treated group had lower bond strength than the control group when no PA treatment was applied, but PA treatment restored the bond strength. The adhesive failure mode was most frequently found in the AH Plus group without PA etching. CONCLUSIONS When a water-soluble calcium silicate-based sealer is used, sufficient bond strength can be obtained by washing with water alone, with no need for PA use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo-Yong Lee
- Postgraduate, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 211 Eonjuro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, Korea,06273
| | - Su-Jung Shin
- Professor, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Oral Science Research Center, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 211 Eonjuro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, Korea,06273
| | - Jeong-Won Park
- Professor, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Oral Science Research Center, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 211 Eonjuro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, Korea,06273.
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Chaudhari PS, Chandak MG, Jaiswal AA, Mankar NP, Paul P. A Breakthrough in the Era of Calcium Silicate-Based Cements: A Critical Review. Cureus 2022; 14:e28562. [PMID: 36185838 PMCID: PMC9517689 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.28562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium silicate-based cements (CSCs) or mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) lookalike materials are blocks of cement or root canal sealers produced from calcium (Ca) and silicate. They have superior sealing ability, bioactivity, and marginal adaptability, making them appropriate for various dental treatment applications. Mineral trioxide aggregate is widely used in numerous endodontic repair techniques. The capacity of this cement to promote tissue regeneration and stimulate mineralization accounts for its widespread usage in pulp capping, apexification, apical surgeries, and revascularization. Several studies have been conducted to investigate changes in the components of MTA-based types of cement directed to improve their presentation clinically. To improve flowability, new Ca silicate-based formulations have been introduced commercially. In these new formulations, essential features such as adequate radiopacity and setting time, color stability, alkaline pH, and calcium ion release and biocompatibility must be considered. Owing to an increased range of indications of CSCs, including some for restorative dentistry, and with the emergence of novel silicate calcium-based materials with considerable changes in their compositions, it is necessary to examine the available scientific literature that evaluates their usage in these applications. Therefore, this review paper aims to assess the existing knowledge of CSCs, emphasizing their potential uses in restorative and endodontic dentistry. This report strives to update doctors' understanding of CSCs, allowing for a better therapeutic approach.
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Bek Kurklu ZG, Yoldas HO. The efficacy of different sealer removal protocols on the microtensile bond strength of adhesives to a bioceramic sealer-contaminated dentin. Niger J Clin Pract 2022; 25:336-341. [PMID: 35295057 DOI: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_1575_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background The optimal bonding of adhesives to dentin requires the sealer to be completely removed from the dentinal walls. Aim This study compared the efficacy of different sealer removal protocols on the microtensile bond strengths (MTBS) of single-step adhesives to a calcium silicate-based bioceramic root canal sealer-contaminated dentin. Materials and Methods Standardized box-shaped Class I cavities were prepared in human lower third molars (N = 50). All cavities were contaminated with a bioceramic root canal sealer (Endosequence BC Sealer, Brasseler, Savannah, USA), except the control group (G1) cavities. For the experimental groups, contaminated dentin surfaces were wiped with a dry cotton pellet (G2), wiped with a cotton pellet saturated with water (G3), rinsed with the air/water spray (G4), and passively applied aqueous ultrasonic energy with an ultrasonic scaler (G5) before the restoration procedure. All the cavity surface was restored with a one-bottle universal adhesive and composite resin. All the specimens were subjected to both thermocycling (2,500 thermal cycles from 5 to 55°C, with a 30-s dwelling time and a 10-s transfer time) and mechanical loading (50 N load for 100,000 cycles). The restored specimens were sectioned into resin-dentin beams for MTBS evaluation. Additional specimens were prepared for the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to examine the dentin-adhesive interface (n = 10). Results No significant difference was found between the mean bond strengths of the groups. In SEM examination, no residual sealer was found in any group. Conclusion Calcium silicate-based bioceramic sealer was removed from the dentin surface with all removal protocols when evaluated with MTBS after the thermal and mechanical cycle tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z G Bek Kurklu
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - H O Yoldas
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
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Thangavelu L, Veeraragavan GR, Mallineni SK, Devaraj E, Parameswari RP, Syed NH, Dua K, Chellappan DK, Balusamy SR, Bhawal UK. Role of Nanoparticles in Environmental Remediation: An Insight into Heavy Metal Pollution from Dentistry. Bioinorg Chem Appl 2022; 2022:1946724. [PMID: 35340422 PMCID: PMC8947893 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1946724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental damage is without a doubt one of the most serious issues confronting society today. As dental professionals, we must recognize that some of the procedures and techniques we have been using may pose environmental risks. The usage and discharge of heavy metals from dental set-ups pollute the environment and pose a serious threat to the ecosystem. Due to the exclusive properties of nanosized particles, nanotechnology is a booming field that is being extensively studied for the remediation of pollutants. Given that the nanoparticles have a high surface area to volume ratio and significantly greater reactivity, they have been greatly considered for environmental remediation. This review aims at identifying the heavy metal sources and their environmental impact in dentistry and provides insights into the usage of nanoparticles in environmental remediation. Although the literature on various functions of inorganic nanoparticles in environmental remediation was reviewed, the research is still confined to laboratory set-ups and there is a need for more studies on the usage of nanoparticles in environmental remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmi Thangavelu
- Department of Pharmacology, Mandy Dental College, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Center for Transdisciplinary Research, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Geetha Royapuram Veeraragavan
- Department of Microbiology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600 077, India
| | - Sreekanth Kumar Mallineni
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Majmaah University, Almajmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ezhilarasan Devaraj
- Center for Transdisciplinary Research, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Royapuram Parthasarathy Parameswari
- Center for Transdisciplinary Research, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Nazmul Huda Syed
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, George Town 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Dinesh Kumar Chellappan
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Sri Renukadevi Balusamy
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Ujjal K. Bhawal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba 271-8587, Japan
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REDDY HB, CRENA.M J, PSG P, SUBRAMANİAN S, APPUKUTTAN D. AN EXPLORATORY REVIEW OF CURRENT TRENDS IN NANODENTISTRY. CUMHURIYET DENTAL JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.7126/cumudj.974945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Is Gutta-Percha Still the “Gold Standard” among Filling Materials in Endodontic Treatment? Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9081467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The paper is an extensive monographic review of the literature, and also uses the results of the authors’ own experimental research illustrating the noticed developmental tendencies of the filling material based on gutta-percha. The whole body of literature proves the correctness of the research thesis that this material is the best currently that can be used in endodontics. Caries is one of the most common global infectious diseases. Since the dawn of humankind, the consequence of the disease has been the loss of dentition over time through dental extractions. Both tooth caries and tooth loss cause numerous complications and systemic diseases, which have a serious impact on insurance systems and on the well-being, quality, and length of human life. Endodontic treatment, which has been developing since 1836, is an alternative to tooth extraction. Based on an extensive literature review, the methodology of qualifying patients for endodontic treatment was analyzed. The importance of selecting filling material and techniques for the development and obturation of the root canal during endodontic treatment was described. Particular attention was paid to the materials science aspects and the sequence of phase transformations and precipitation processes, as well as the need to ensure the stoichiometric chemical composition of Ni–Ti alloys, and the vacuum metallurgical processes and material processing technologies for the effects of shape memory and superelasticity, which determine the suitability of tools made of this alloy for endodontic purposes. The phenomena accompanying the sterilization of such tools, limiting the relatively small number of times of their use, play an important role. The methods of root canal preparation and obturation methods through cold side condensation and thermoplastic methods, including the most modern of them, the thermo-hydraulic condensation (THC) technique, were analyzed. An important element of the research hypothesis was to prove the assumption that to optimize the technology of development and obturation of root canals, tests of filling effectiveness are identified by the density and size of the gaps between the root canal wall, and the filling methods used and devices appropriate for material research, using mainly microscopy such as light stereoscopic (LSM) and scanning electron (SEM). The most beneficial preparations were obtained by making a longitudinal breakthrough of 48 natural human teeth, extracted for medical reasons, different from caries, with compliance with all ethical principles in this field. The teeth were prepared using various methods and filled with multiple obturation techniques, using a virtual selection of experimental variants. The breakthroughs were made in liquid nitrogen after a one-sided incision with a narrow gap created by a diamond disc using a materialographic cutter. The best effectiveness of the root canal filling was ensured by the technology of preparing the root canals with K3 rotary nitinol tools and filling the teeth with the THC thermoplastic method using the System B and Obtura III devices with studs and pellets of filling material based on gutta-percha after covering the root canal walls with a thin layer of AH Plus sealant. In this way, the research thesis was confirmed.
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Erdogan H, Yildirim S, Cobankara FK. Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of salicylate- and calcium silicate-based root canal sealers on primer human periodontal ligament fibroblasts. AUST ENDOD J 2021; 47:645-653. [PMID: 34097343 DOI: 10.1111/aej.12537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the biocompatibility of epoxy-resin-based AHPlus, salicylate-based MTA-Fillapex and calcium silicate-based iRootSP root canal sealers. Cytotoxicity was assessed by XTT test. The extracts from sealers of different setting times were serially diluted. Cell viability was calculated as the percentage of the control group (100%). The optimal concentration of each sealer was used at genotoxicity test, and micronuclei formations were detected. Statistical analyses were done by using Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn post hoc test with Bonferroni correction. AHPlus and MTA-Fillapex showed the lowest percentage of cell viability at higher concentrations (1:1, 1:2, 1:4), especially at first 12 h. iRootSP showed higher viability at all concentrations and times than AHPlus and MTA-Fillapex. At genotoxicity assay, AHPlus increased the number of micronuclei. MTA-Fillapex slightly induced micronucleus formation (not significant) and iRootSP was not increased. In conclusion, calcium silicate-based iRootSP had lowest cytotoxic and genotoxic potential and can be considered as a highly biocompatible material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilal Erdogan
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Nevsehir Haci Bektas Veli University, Nevsehir, Turkey
| | - Sibel Yildirim
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Funda Kont Cobankara
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
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Virtual Approach to the Comparative Analysis of Biomaterials Used in Endodontic Treatment. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9060926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The importance of endodontics is presented within our own concept of Dentistry Sustainable Development (DSD) consisting of three inseparable elements; i.e., Advanced Interventionist Dentistry 4.0 (AID 4.0), Global Dental Prevention (GDP), and the Dentistry Safety System (DSS) as a polemic, with the hypothesis of the need to abandon interventionist dentistry in favour of the domination of dental prevention. In view of the numerous systemic complications of caries that affect 3−5 billion people globally, endodontic treatment effectively counteracts them. Regardless of this, the prevention of oral diseases should be developed very widely, and in many countries dental care should reach the poorest sections of society. The materials and methods of clinical management in endodontic procedures are characterized. The progress in the field of filling materials and techniques for the development and obturation of root canals is presented. The endodontics market is forecast to reach USD 2.1 billion in 2026, with a CAGR of 4.1%. The most widely used and recognized material for filling root canals is gutta-percha, recognized as the “gold standard”. An alternative is a synthetic thermoplastic filler material based on polyester materials, known mainly under the trade name Resilon. There are still sceptical opinions about the need to replace gutta-percha with this synthetic material, and many dentists still believe that this material cannot compete with gutta-percha. The results of studies carried out so far do not allow for the formulation of a substantively and ethically unambiguous view that gutta-percha should be replaced with another material. There is still insufficient clinical evidence to formulate firm opinions in this regard. In essence, materials and technologies used in endodontics do not differ from other groups of materials, which justifies using material engineering methodology for their research. Therefore, a detailed methodological approach is presented to objectify the assessment of endodontic treatment. Theoretical analysis was carried out using the methods of procedural benchmarking and comparative analysis with the use of contextual matrices to virtually optimize the selection of materials, techniques for the development and obturation of root canals, and methods for assessing the effectiveness of filling, which methods are usually used, e.g., in management science, and especially in foresight research as part of knowledge management. The results of these analyses are presented in the form of appropriate context matrices. The full usefulness of the research on the effectiveness and tightness of root canal filling using scanning electron microscopy is indicated. The analysis results are a practical application of the so-called “digital twins” approach concerning the virtual comparative analysis of biomaterials used in endodontic treatment.
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In-Vitro Comparative Adhesion Evaluation of Bioceramic and Dual-Cure Resin Endodontic Sealers Using SEM, AFM, Push-Out and FTIR. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11104454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: Which are the adhesion characteristics of four root canal sealers: two experimental (dual cure resin based endodontic sealer (E1-DCR) and bioceramic based sealer (E2-BC)), and two commercial (RealSeal and TotallFill BC (FKG Germany)). (2) Methods. One-hundred-twenty extracted monoradicular teeth received mechanic-antiseptic preparation and then endodontic filling using gutta-percha in combination with one of the four sealers. Samples from the apical third were selected from each tooth and were randomly distributed for Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and push-out bond strength. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy was made exclusively for experimental sealers. (3) Results. The two experimental materials did not present a significant difference in apical sealing ability based on SEM evaluation. Gaps were identified in case of RealSeal samples and also lower penetration into the dentinal tubules compared to TotalFill BC. On AFM analysis a more pronounced penetration into the tubules was observed in case of E2-BC sealer was observed. E1-DCR registered a lower bond strength (0.7177 ± 0.55) in the apical third compared to Total Fill BC (p = 0.01). (4) Conclusions. Within the limitations of the current study, it can be stated that the two experimental sealers’ characteristics are comparable to that of the two consecrated materials.
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Ochoa Rodríguez VM, Tanomaru-Filho M, Rodrigues EM, Bugança EDO, Guerreiro-Tanomaru JM, Faria G. Physicochemical properties and effect of bioceramic root canal filling for primary teeth on osteoblast biology. J Appl Oral Sci 2021; 29:e20200870. [PMID: 33950079 PMCID: PMC8092806 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2020-0870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Bio-C Pulpecto (Bio-CP) was recently developed as the first bioceramic root filling material for primary teeth. To evaluate the physicochemical properties of radiopacity, setting time, pH, cytocompatibility and potential of Bio-CP to induce mineralisation, compared with (1) Calen thickened with zinc oxide (Calen-ZO), and (2) zinc oxide and eugenol (ZOE). METHODOLOGY Physicochemical properties were evaluated according to ISO 6876. Saos-2 (human osteoblast-like cell line) exposed to extracts of the materials were subjected to assays of methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium, neutral red, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and mineralised nodule production. The results were analysed using one-way or two-way ANOVA and Tukey's or Bonferroni's post-tests (α=0.05). RESULTS All the materials showed radiopacity higher than 3 mm Al. Bio-CP had lower pH than Calen-ZO, but higher pH than ZOE. Calen-ZO and Bio-CP did not set. The setting time for ZOE was 110 min. The cytocompatibility order was Calen-ZO > Bio-CP > ZOE (1:2, 1:4 dilutions) and Calen-ZO > Bio-CP = ZOE (1:12, 1:24 dilutions) and Calen-ZO = Bio-CP > ZOE (1:32 dilution). Bio-CP induced greater ALP activity at 7 days, and greater mineralised nodule production, compared to Calen-ZO (p<0.05). Conclusions Bio-CP showed adequate physicochemical properties, cytocompatibility and potential to induce mineralisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Manuel Ochoa Rodríguez
- Universidade Estadual Paulista "Julio de Mesquita Fillho" (UNESP) - Faculdade de Odontologia de Araraquara - Departamento de Odontologia Restauradora - Araraquara - SP - Brasil
| | - Mario Tanomaru-Filho
- Universidade Estadual Paulista "Julio de Mesquita Fillho" (UNESP) - Faculdade de Odontologia de Araraquara - Departamento de Odontologia Restauradora - Araraquara - SP - Brasil
| | - Elisandra Márcia Rodrigues
- Universidade Estadual Paulista "Julio de Mesquita Fillho" (UNESP) - Faculdade de Odontologia de Araraquara - Departamento de Odontologia Restauradora - Araraquara - SP - Brasil
| | - Eduarda de Oliveira Bugança
- Universidade Estadual Paulista "Julio de Mesquita Fillho" (UNESP) - Faculdade de Odontologia de Araraquara - Departamento de Odontologia Restauradora - Araraquara - SP - Brasil
| | - Juliane Maria Guerreiro-Tanomaru
- Universidade Estadual Paulista "Julio de Mesquita Fillho" (UNESP) - Faculdade de Odontologia de Araraquara - Departamento de Odontologia Restauradora - Araraquara - SP - Brasil
| | - Gisele Faria
- Universidade Estadual Paulista "Julio de Mesquita Fillho" (UNESP) - Faculdade de Odontologia de Araraquara - Departamento de Odontologia Restauradora - Araraquara - SP - Brasil
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Delfino MM, Guerreiro-Tanomaru JM, Tanomaru-Filho M, Sasso-Cerri E, Cerri PS. Immunoinflammatory response and bioactive potential of GuttaFlow bioseal and MTA Fillapex in the rat subcutaneous tissue. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7173. [PMID: 32346066 PMCID: PMC7188821 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64041-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the effect of GuttaFlow bioseal (GFB) and MTA Fillapex (MTAF) in comparison with Endofill (EF) in the subcutaneous tissue. Polyethylene tubes with GFB, MTAF, EF or empty tubes (control group; CG) were implanted into subcutaneous of rats. After 7, 15, 30 and 60 days, the capsule thickness, inflammatory reaction, interleukin-6 (IL-6), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), caspase-3, TUNEL-positive cells, von Kossa and ultrastructural features were evaluated. The data were statistically analyzed (p ≤ 0.05). At all periods, the number of IL-6- and VEGF-immunolabelled cells, and capsule thickness were lower in GFB than MTAF, which was lower than EF (p < 0.0001). At 60 days, the number of inflammatory cells was similar in GFB and MTAF (p = 0.58). Significant differences in the number of TUNEL- and caspase-3-positive cells were not observed among GFB, MTAF and CG whereas the highest values were found in EF specimens. The EF specimens exhibited several cells with condensed chromatin, typical of apoptosis. von Kossa-positive and birefringent structures were only observed in GFB and MTAF, suggesting the presence of calcite crystals. Taken together, these results show that cellular and structural damage induced by GFB and MTAF sealers were recovery over time. Moreover, these sealers express bioactive potential in subcutaneous tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateus Machado Delfino
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental School - São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Mário Tanomaru-Filho
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental School - São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Estela Sasso-Cerri
- Department of Morphology, Genetics, Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry - Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Dental School - São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo Sérgio Cerri
- Department of Morphology, Genetics, Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry - Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Dental School - São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
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Milanovic I, Milovanovic P, Antonijevic D, Dzeletovic B, Djuric M, Miletic V. Immediate and Long-Term Porosity of Calcium Silicate-Based Sealers. J Endod 2020; 46:515-523. [PMID: 32094001 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2020.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Open pores between endodontic sealer and root canal walls present potential niches for bacterial growth and migration pathways. The aim was to assess the internal and external porosity of calcium silicate-based sealers and to ascertain the long-term effect of storage in simulated body fluid on sealer porosity. METHODS Sixteen single-rooted teeth were filled with gutta-percha and 1 of 4 root canal sealers: BioRoot RCS, EndoSequence BC, MTA Fillapex, or AH Plus. Obturated roots, stored in Hank's balanced salt solution, were scanned after 7 days and after 6 months by using micro-computed tomography at an isotropic resolution of 9.9 μm. Total, open, and closed porosity were calculated in the coronal, middle, and apical thirds. Data were statistically analyzed by using general linear model and paired t test (α = 0.05). RESULTS Significantly higher percentage of open than closed porosity was found in all groups. Initially, significantly greater open and total porosity were found for MTA Fillapex than for AH Plus. After 6 months, the percentage of open and total porosity increased in BioRoot RCS and MTA Fillapex and decreased in AH Plus and EndoSequence BC. Both initially and after storage, coronal region of all sealers had significantly greater total porosity than middle and apical regions, which were comparable. CONCLUSIONS None of the root fillings were void-free, with predominant open porosity persisting after long-term storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Milanovic
- DentalNet Research Group, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Petar Milovanovic
- Laboratory for Anthropology, Institute of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Djordje Antonijevic
- Laboratory for Anthropology, Institute of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Bojan Dzeletovic
- DentalNet Research Group, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Djuric
- Laboratory for Anthropology, Institute of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vesna Miletic
- DentalNet Research Group, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
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Fonseca DA, Paula AB, Marto CM, Coelho A, Paulo S, Martinho JP, Carrilho E, Ferreira MM. Biocompatibility of Root Canal Sealers: A Systematic Review of In Vitro and In Vivo Studies. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12244113. [PMID: 31818038 PMCID: PMC6947586 DOI: 10.3390/ma12244113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
(1) Aim: To perform a systematic review of the literature on the biocompatibility of root canal sealers that encompasses the various types of sealers that are commercially available as well as both in vitro and in vivo evidence. (2) Methods: This systematic review has been registered in PROSPERO (ID 140445) and was carried out according to PRISMA guidelines using the following databases: PubMed, Cochrane Library, ClinicalTrials.gov, Science Direct, and Web of Science Core Collection. Studies published between 2000 and 11 June 2019 that evaluated cytotoxicity (cell viability/proliferation) and biocompatibility (tissue response) of root canal sealers were included. (3) Results: From a total of 1249 studies, 73 in vitro and 21 in vivo studies were included. In general, studies suggest that root canal sealers elicit mild to severe toxic effects and that several factors may influence biocompatibility, e.g., material setting condition and time, material concentration, and type of exposure. Bioactive endodontic sealers seem to exhibit a lower toxic potential in vitro. (4) Conclusions: The available evidence shows that root canal sealers exhibit variable toxic potential at the cellular and tissue level. However, the methodological heterogeneity among studies included in this systematic review and the somewhat conflicting results do not allow a conclusion on which type of sealer presents higher biocompatibility. Further research is crucial to achieve a better understanding of the biological effects of root canal sealers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Afonso Fonseca
- Institute of Endodontics, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), CIBB Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-239-249-151
| | - Anabela Baptista Paula
- Institute of Integrated Clinical Practice, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), CIBB Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, CIMAGO—Center of Investigation on Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology, CNC.IBILI, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.B.P.); (C.M.M.); (A.C.); (E.C.)
| | - Carlos Miguel Marto
- Institute of Integrated Clinical Practice, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), CIBB Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, CIMAGO—Center of Investigation on Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology, CNC.IBILI, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.B.P.); (C.M.M.); (A.C.); (E.C.)
- Institute of Experimental Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Coelho
- Institute of Integrated Clinical Practice, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), CIBB Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, CIMAGO—Center of Investigation on Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology, CNC.IBILI, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.B.P.); (C.M.M.); (A.C.); (E.C.)
| | - Siri Paulo
- Institute of Endodontics, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), CIBB Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, CIMAGO – Center of Investigation on Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology, CNC.IBILI, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal; (S.P.); (J.P.M.); (M.M.F.)
| | - José Pedro Martinho
- Institute of Endodontics, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), CIBB Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, CIMAGO – Center of Investigation on Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology, CNC.IBILI, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal; (S.P.); (J.P.M.); (M.M.F.)
| | - Eunice Carrilho
- Institute of Integrated Clinical Practice, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), CIBB Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, CIMAGO—Center of Investigation on Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology, CNC.IBILI, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.B.P.); (C.M.M.); (A.C.); (E.C.)
| | - Manuel Marques Ferreira
- Institute of Endodontics, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), CIBB Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, CIMAGO – Center of Investigation on Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology, CNC.IBILI, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal; (S.P.); (J.P.M.); (M.M.F.)
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Taraslia V, Anastasiadou E, Lignou C, Keratiotis G, Agrafioti A, Kontakiotis EG. Assessment of cell viability in four novel endodontic sealers. Eur J Dent 2019; 12:287-291. [PMID: 29988252 PMCID: PMC6004808 DOI: 10.4103/ejd.ejd_9_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the viability of human periodontal ligament (PDL) cells on MTA-Fillapex, GuttaFlow 2, TotalFill Sealer, and BioRoot™ RCS in comparison to conventional epoxy resin-based (AH Plus) and zinc oxide-eugenol-based (Roth's 801) sealers. Materials and Methods Sealers were divided into two groups, and five coverslips for each material per group were prepared. In the first group, PDLs were added immediately after the preparation of sealers (Fresh Group), and in the second, PDLs were added after 24 h. PDLs were cultured for 72 h and afterward, counted using standard hematocytometry. A Mann-Whitney U-test and Kruskal-Wallis test were used for the statistical analysis. The level of significance was set at 5%. Furthermore, cell morphology was assessed by confocal microscopy. Results The number of viable cells for the 24 h-set groups was higher than the freshly mixed in all sealers except Roth's 801. In both groups, GuttaFlow 2 presented the highest number of viable cells. In a descending order of cells' survival, TotalFill, BioRoot, and MTA-Fillapex are following and the conventional sealers, AH Plus and Roth's 801, seem not to exhibit the biological properties of the others. Cells grown on GuttaFlow 2, TotalFill, and BioRoot were observed to be well-formed. In contrast, MTA-Fillapex exhibited untypical morphology. No cells were detected on the surfaces of AH Plus, as well as Roth's 801. Conclusions All novel sealers presented increased cell viability in comparison to conventional sealers. GuttaFlow 2 exhibited the highest cell viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vassiliki Taraslia
- Department of Genetics and Gene Therapy, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ema Anastasiadou
- Department of Genetics and Gene Therapy, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Christina Lignou
- Department of Genetics and Gene Therapy, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Keratiotis
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasia Agrafioti
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelos G Kontakiotis
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Biocompatibility and Mineralization Activity of Three Calcium Silicate-Based Root Canal Sealers Compared to Conventional Resin-Based Sealer in Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12152482. [PMID: 31387241 PMCID: PMC6696455 DOI: 10.3390/ma12152482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare the cytotoxic effects and mineralization activity of three calcium silicate-based root canal sealers to those of a conventional resin-based sealer. Experiments were performed using human dental pulp stem cells grown in a monolayer culture. The root canal sealers tested in this study were EndoSequence BC Sealer (Brasseler), BioRoot RCS (Septodont), Endoseal MTA (Maruchi), and AH Plus (Dentsply DeTrey). Experimental disks 6 mm in diameter and 3 mm in height were made and stored in a 100% humidity chamber at 37 °C for 72 h to achieve setting. The cytotoxicity of various root canal sealers was evaluated using a methyl-thiazoldiphenyl-tetrazolium (MTT) assay. To evaluate cell migration ability, a scratch wound healing method was used, and images of the scratch area were taken using a phase-contrast microscope. Cell morphology was evaluated by a scanning electron microscope after direct exposure for 72 h to each sealer disk. In the cell viability assay, there were no significant differences between the EndoSequence BC, BioRoot RCS, Endoseal MTA, and control groups in any experimental period (p > 0.05). In the cell migration assay, there were no significant differences between the EndoSequence BC, Endoseal MTA, and control groups in any experimental period (p > 0.05). BioRoot RCS exhibited slower cell migration relative to EndoSequence BC and Endoseal MTA for up to 72 h (p < 0.05). Conversely, it showed a similar wound healing percentage at 96 h (p > 0.05). In an evaluation of cell morphology, cells in direct contact with EndoSequence BC, BioRoot RCS, and Endoseal MTA disks showed superior spreading compared to those in contact with the AH Plus disk. In an Alizarin red staining assay, EndoSequence BC, BioRoot RCS, and Endoseal MTA showed a significant increase in mineralized nodule formation compared to the AH Plus group (p < 0.05). In conclusion, all calcium silicate-based root canal sealers tested in this study showed good biological properties and mineralization activity compared to conventional resin-based sealer.
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Lee JK, Kim S, Lee S, Kim HC, Kim E. In Vitro Comparison of Biocompatibility of Calcium Silicate-Based Root Canal Sealers. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12152411. [PMID: 31362338 PMCID: PMC6695985 DOI: 10.3390/ma12152411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the effect of three calcium silicate-based sealers (EndoSeal MTA, Nano-ceramic Sealer, and Wellroot ST) and two epoxy resin-based sealers (AH-Plus, AD Seal) on various aspects, such as cell viability, inflammatory response, and osteogenic potential, of human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs). AH-Plus showed the lowest cell viability on hPDLSCs in all time periods in fresh media. In set media, hPDLSCs showed no significant differences in cell viability among all the tested materials. Wellroot ST showed the highest level of cell adhesion and the morphology of attached cells. AH-plus presented a significantly higher expression of IL-6 and IL-8 than the other sealers. AD Seal and three calcium silicate sealers showed high expression of the mesenchymal stem cell markers. ALP mRNA expression showed a significant increase in time-dependent manner on all of three calcium silicate-based sealers, which do not seem to interfere with the differentiation of hPDLSCs into osteoblasts. Based on the results from this study, calcium silicate-based sealers appear to be more biocompatible and less cytotoxic than epoxy resin-based sealers. Meanwhile, further and long-term clinical follow-up studies are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Kyung Lee
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Sunil Kim
- Microscope Center, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Oral Science Research Center, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Sukjoon Lee
- BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Hyeon-Cheol Kim
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea.
| | - Euiseong Kim
- Microscope Center, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Oral Science Research Center, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul 03722, Korea.
- Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University College of Engineering, 50 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul 03722, Korea.
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22
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Benetti F, de Azevedo Queiroz ÍO, Oliveira PHCD, Conti LC, Azuma MM, Oliveira SHPD, Cintra LTA. Cytotoxicity and biocompatibility of a new bioceramic endodontic sealer containing calcium hydroxide. Braz Oral Res 2019; 33:e042. [PMID: 31508725 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2019.vol33.0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the cytotoxicity and biocompatibility of a new bioceramic endodontic sealer (i.e., Sealer Plus BC) in comparison with those of MTA Fillapex and AH Plus. L929 fibroblasts were cultured and Alamar Blue was used to evaluate cell viability of diluted extracts (1:50, 1:100, and 1:200) from each sealer at 24 h. Polyethylene tubes that were filled with material or empty (as a control) were implanted in the subcutaneous tissue of rats. The rats were killed after 7 and 30 d (n = 8), and the tubes were removed for histological analysis. Parametric data was analyzed using a one-way ANOVA test, and nonparametric data was analyzed via the Kruskal-Wallis test followed by the Dunn test (p < 0.05). A reduction in cell viability was observed in the extracts that were more diluted for Sealer Plus BC when compared to that of Control and AH Plus (p < 0.05). However, the 1:50 dilution of the Sealer Plus BC was similar to that of the Control (p > 0.05). Conversely, more diluted extracts of MTA Fillapex (1:200) and AH Plus (1:100 and 1:200) were similar to the Control (p > 0.05). Histological analysis performed at 7 d did not indicate any significant difference between tissue response for all materials, and the fibrous capsule was thick (p > 0.05). At 30 d, Sealer Plus BC was similar to the Control (p > 0.05) and MTA Fillapex and AH Plus exhibited greater inflammation than the Control (p < 0.05). The fibrous capsule was thin for the Control and for most specimens of Sealer Plus BC and AH Plus. Thus, Sealer Plus BC is biocompatible when compared to MTA Fillapex and AH Plus, and it is less cytotoxic when less-diluted extracts are used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francine Benetti
- Departament of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidade Estaudal Paulista - Unesp, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Leticia Citelli Conti
- Departament of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidade Estaudal Paulista - Unesp, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Mariane Maffei Azuma
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences and Endodontics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, aMI, USA
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Almeida LH, Gomes APN, Gastmann AH, Pola NM, Moraes RR, Morgental RD, Cava SS, Felix AOC, Pappen FG. Bone tissue response to an MTA-based endodontic sealer, and the effect of the addition of calcium aluminate and silver particles. Int Endod J 2019; 52:1446-1456. [PMID: 31034099 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate bone tissue reactions in rats to an MTA-based endodontic sealer with and without the addition of various concentrations of C3A or C3A + Ag. METHODOLOGY Bone tissue reactions were evaluated in 45 Wistar rats after 7, 30 and 90 days (n = 5 per period). Three surgical cavities were prepared on the right femur and filled with 0.2 mL MTA Fillapex, MTA Fillapex + C3A and C3A + Ag at various concentrations: AH Plus (Dentsply DeTrey GmbH, Konstanz, Germany), EndoSequence BC (Brasseler USA, Savannah, GA, USA) or no sealer (negative control). By the end of each experimental period, animals were randomly euthanized. The samples were histologically processed and analysed using a light microscope. The presence of inflammatory cells, fibres and hard tissue barrier formation was evaluated. Data were analysed statistically using nonparametric tests to compare the differences between groups. Multiple groups were compared using the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U-tests with a Bonferroni correction at P = 0.05. RESULTS The inflammatory response significantly decreased from 30 to 90 days (P < 0.05). Fibre condensation was similar amongst the groups at 07 and 30 days after intervention (P > 0.05). At 90 days, however, fibres were absent in most specimens of EndoSequence BC Sealer, AH Plus, MTA Fillapex and the control group, whilst they were still observed in samples of the modified sealers (P < 0.05). At 90 days, all specimens of AH Plus, EndoSequence BC Sealer and control group had complete formation of hard tissue barrier. In the MTA Fillapex group, as well as in the modified sealers groups, partial deposition of mineralized tissue was noticed. CONCLUSION The hypothesis tested that the incorporation of C3A and C3A + Ag particles to MTA Fillapex would improve bone tissue repair was partially accepted, since modified MTA Fillapex did not have the same repair potential as the commercial bioceramic material.
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Affiliation(s)
- L H Almeida
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - A P N Gomes
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - A H Gastmann
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - N M Pola
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - R R Moraes
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - R D Morgental
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil.,Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - S S Cava
- School of Materials Engineering, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - A O C Felix
- School of Materials Engineering, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - F G Pappen
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
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Kim SR, Kwak SW, Lee J, Goo H, Ha J, Kim H. Efficacy and retrievability of root canal filling using calcium silicate‐based and epoxy resin‐based root canal sealers with matched obturation techniques. AUST ENDOD J 2019; 45:337-345. [DOI: 10.1111/aej.12323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seo Ryeong Kim
- Department of Conservative Dentistry School of Dentistry Dental Research Institute Pusan National University Yangsan Korea
| | - Sang Won Kwak
- Department of Conservative Dentistry School of Dentistry Dental Research Institute Pusan National University Yangsan Korea
- Department of Conservative Dentistry School of Dentistry IHBR Kyungpook National University Daegu Korea
| | - Ju‐Kyung Lee
- Department of Conservative Dentistry School of Dentistry Dental Research Institute Pusan National University Yangsan Korea
| | - Hye‐Jin Goo
- Department of Conservative Dentistry School of Dentistry Dental Research Institute Pusan National University Yangsan Korea
| | - Jung‐Hong Ha
- Department of Conservative Dentistry School of Dentistry IHBR Kyungpook National University Daegu Korea
| | - Hyeon‐Cheol Kim
- Department of Conservative Dentistry School of Dentistry Dental Research Institute Pusan National University Yangsan Korea
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Giacomino CM, Wealleans JA, Kuhn N, Diogenes A. Comparative Biocompatibility and Osteogenic Potential of Two Bioceramic Sealers. J Endod 2019; 45:51-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Endodontic sealers based on calcium silicates: a systematic review. Odontology 2018; 107:421-436. [DOI: 10.1007/s10266-018-0400-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Celikten B, Jacobs R, de Faria Vasconcelos K, Huang Y, Shaheen E, Nicolielo LFP, Orhan K. Comparative evaluation of cone beam CT and micro-CT on blooming artifacts in human teeth filled with bioceramic sealers. Clin Oral Investig 2018; 23:3267-3273. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-018-2748-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Duarte MAH, Marciano MA, Vivan RR, Tanomaru Filho M, Tanomaru JMG, Camilleri J. Tricalcium silicate-based cements: properties and modifications. Braz Oral Res 2018; 32:e70. [PMID: 30365611 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2018.vol32.0070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) has been widely used for different reparative procedures in endodontics. The extensive use of this cement for pulp capping, apexifications, apical surgeries, and revascularization is related to its ability to induce tissue repair and to stimulate mineralization. Several research studies have tested modifications in the composition of MTA-based cements in order to enhance their clinical performance. Novel formulations have been introduced in the market with the aim of increasing flowability. Important properties such as appropriate radiopacity and setting time, color stability, alkaline pH, release of calcium ions, and biocompatibility have to be considered in these new formulations. The latest research studies on the physical, chemical, and biological properties of tricalcium silicate-based cements are discussed in this critical review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Antonio Hungaro Duarte
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, Dental School of Bauru, Department of Dentistry, Endodontics, and Dental Materials, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Marina Angélica Marciano
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas - Unicamp, Dental School of Piracicaba, Department of Dentistry, Endodontics, and Dental Materials, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Ricci Vivan
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, Dental School of Bauru, Department of Dentistry, Endodontics, and Dental Materials, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Mario Tanomaru Filho
- Universidade do Estado de São Paulo - Unesp, Dental School of Araraquara, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliane Maria Guerreiro Tanomaru
- Universidade do Estado de São Paulo - Unesp, Dental School of Araraquara, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Josette Camilleri
- University of Birmingham, School of Dentistry, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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Yanpiset K, Banomyong D, Chotvorrarak K, Srisatjaluk RL. Bacterial leakage and micro-computed tomography evaluation in round-shaped canals obturated with bioceramic cone and sealer using matched single cone technique. Restor Dent Endod 2018; 43:e30. [PMID: 30135849 PMCID: PMC6103543 DOI: 10.5395/rde.2018.43.e30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate sealing ability of root canals obturated with bioceramic-impregnated gutta percha cone (BCC) or gutta percha (GP), with bioceramic sealer (BCS) or AH Plus (AH; Dentsply-Maillefer), in roundly-prepared canals using matched single-cone technique, based on bacterial leakage test, and to analyze obturation quality using micro-computed tomography (CT) analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ninety-two distobuccal roots of maxillary molars were prepared using nickel-titanium files to apical size 40/0.06. The roots were divided into 4 groups (n = 20) that were obturated with a master cone and sealer: GP/AH, BCC/AH, GP/BCS, and BCC/BCS. Bacterial leakage model using Enterococcus faecalis was used to evaluate sealing ability for 60-day period. Obturated samples from each group (n = 4) were analyzed using micro-CT. RESULTS All groups showed bacterial leakage at 20%-45% of samples with mean leakage times of 42-52 days. There were no significant differences in bacterial leakage among the groups. Micro-CT showed minimal gaps and voids in all groups at less than 1%. CONCLUSIONS In roundly-prepared canals, the single cone obturation with BCC/BCS was comparable to GP/AH for bacterial leakage at 60 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kallaya Yanpiset
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Danuchit Banomyong
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kanet Chotvorrarak
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Cytotoxicity of Different Concentrations of Three Root Canal Sealers on Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Biomolecules 2018; 8:biom8030068. [PMID: 30071665 PMCID: PMC6165276 DOI: 10.3390/biom8030068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study assessed the dose-dependent effect on the cytotoxicity of BioRoot RCS (BR) and Endosequence BC (BC) sealers in human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) compared to those of the AH Plus sealer. Cells were exposed to different dilutions of extracts from freshly prepared sealers (1:2, 1:8, 1:32). Unexposed cells acted as the negative control. Cytotoxicity was evaluated by an alamar blue assay. Cell morphology was analyzed by using scanning electron microscopy after exposure to the different sealers’ extracts. Statistical analysis was performed using a one-way analysis of variance and the Bonferroni post hoc test (p < 0.05). The cytotoxicities of BC and BR were less than that of AH Plus. In the presence of 1:2 BR, the cell proliferation was significantly lower than the control. At 1:8 and 1:32 concentrations, both the tricalcium silicate sealers led to similar cellular proliferation. Cells in BC and BR sealers’ extracts spread better than those in AH Plus extract.
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Wang Y, Liu S, Dong Y. In vitro study of dentinal tubule penetration and filling quality of bioceramic sealer. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0192248. [PMID: 29390037 PMCID: PMC5794174 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the dentinal tubule penetration and filling quality of a bioceramic sealer (iRoot SP). Forty-two roots of extracted adult lower incisors were selected. After instrumentation with Protaper Universal to F3, 40 roots were chosen and randomly divided into 4 groups, as follows: iRoot SP single cone group, iRoot SP warm vertical group, AH Plus single cone group, and AH Plus warm vertical group. Before root canal filling, sealers were mixed with Rhodamine B dye for visualization under confocal laser scanning microscope. All samples were sectioned at 2, 4, and 6 mm to apex. Then, the percentages of void areas, gap regions, and segments of sealer that penetrated into dentinal tubules in each section were calculated. Non-parametric test was used for statistical analysis (α = 0.05). We found that filling techniques and types of sealer had no statistically significant effects on the occurrence of voids and gaps. The segments of iRoot SP penetrated into dentinal tubules were statistically more than that of AH Plus in both single cone and warm vertical techniques at 2 mm to apex (P < 0.05). Regardless of the filling technique used, iRoot SP can achieve comparable filling quality and better dentinal tubules penetration than AH Plus. Considering the good bioactivity of iRoot SP, it may help improve the seal of root canal system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahui Wang
- Department of Cariology and Endodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, P.R.China
| | - Siyi Liu
- Department of Cariology and Endodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, P.R.China
| | - Yanmei Dong
- Department of Cariology and Endodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, P.R.China
- * E-mail:
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Silva Almeida LH, Moraes RR, Morgental RD, Pappen FG. Are Premixed Calcium Silicate–based Endodontic Sealers Comparable to Conventional Materials? A Systematic Review of In Vitro Studies. J Endod 2017; 43:527-535. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2016.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Baldasso FER, Kopper PMP, Morgental RD, Steier L, Figueiredo JAPD, Scarparo RK. Biological Tissue Response to a New Formulation of a Silicone Based Endodontic Sealer. Braz Dent J 2016; 27:657-663. [DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440201600719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Satisfactory biological behavior is a necessary requirement for clinical application of endodontic materials. In this study, the connective tissue responses to silicone (GuttaFlow 2), epoxy resin (AH Plus) and zinc oxide and eugenol (Endofill) based sealers were compared. Twelve Wistar rats had polyethylene tubes (four per animal) containing one of the tested sealers and empty tubes (negative control) implanted in their subcutaneous tissue. The tubes were randomly placed 2 cm from the spine and at least 2 cm apart from one another. Tissue samples with implants were processed for histological analysis after 7 or 60 days (n=6 animals per period). Inflammatory cells, fibrous condensation and abscess were scored according to their intensity. Friedman, followed by Dunn's post hoc, was used to compare sealers. Differences between the two experimental periods were verified using Mann-Witney U test (p<0.05). At 7 days, most of the histological parameters showed no significant differences amongst groups. Endofill group scored higher than the others for giant cells (o<0.05) and promoted a greater number of samples presenting abscess formation. GuttaFlow 2 tended to show a less intense inflammatory infiltrate compared to the other materials. At 60 days, there were no significant differences between groups in most of the histological parameters evaluated. However, it was observed that Endofill scored higher for macrophages (p<0.05) compared to the control group, and GuttaFlow 2 tended to present lower scores than the others for neutrophils and abscess. GuttaFlow 2 showed proper biological behavior and should be considered adequate for clinical practice.
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Silva EJNL, Carvalho NKD, Ronconi CT, De-Deus G, Zuolo ML, Zaia AA. Cytotoxicity Profile of Endodontic Sealers Provided by 3D Cell Culture Experimental Model. Braz Dent J 2016; 27:652-656. [DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440201600792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract The aim of the present study was to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of five endodontic sealers (AH Plus, Endomethasone N, EndoSequence BC, MTA Fillapex and Pulp Canal Sealer EWT) using a three-dimensional (3D) cell culture model. A conventional bi-dimensional (2D) cell culture model was used as reference technique for comparison. Balb/c 3T3 fibroblasts were cultured in conventional bi-dimensional cell culture and in rat-tail collagen type I three-dimensional cell culture models. Then, both cell cultures were incubated with elutes of freshly mixed endodontic sealers for 24 h. Cell viability was measured by the methyl-thiazol-diphenyltetrazolium assay (MTT). Data were statistically analyzed using ANOVA and the Tukey test at a significance level of p<0.05. All tested sealers exhibited cytotoxic effects; however, cytotoxic effect was culture model- and sealer-dependent. Sealers showed higher cytotoxicity in 2D than in 3D cell culture model (p<0.05). In both conditions, EndoSequence BC showed the lowest cytotoxicity (p<0.05). MTA Fillapex was much more cytotoxic than the other tested endodontic sealers (p<0.05), with the exception of AH Plus in the 2D cell culture model (p>0.05). Endomethasone N and Pulp Canal Sealer EWT showed lower cytotoxic effects than AH Plus in 2D cell culture model (p<0.05); however no statistical differences was observed among these sealers in 3D cell culture model. It may be concluded that cytotoxicity was higher in 2D cell culture compared to 3D cell culture. EndoSequence BC sealer exhibited the highest cytocompatibility and MTA Fillapex the lowest cytocompatibility.
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Debelian G, Trope M. The use of premixed bioceramic materials in endodontics. GIORNALE ITALIANO DI ENDODONZIA 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gien.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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da Silva EJNL, Zaia AA, Peters OA. Cytocompatibility of calcium silicate-based sealers in a three-dimensional cell culture model. Clin Oral Investig 2016; 21:1531-1536. [PMID: 27460565 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-016-1918-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the present study was to evaluate cytotoxic effects and cytokine production of calcium silicate-based sealers (EndoSeal, EndoSequence BC Sealer, and MTA Fillapex) using an in vitro root canal filling model and three-dimensional (3D) cell culture. AH Plus as a reference was compared to contemporary calcium silicate cements regarding cell viability and cytokine production. MATERIAL AND METHODS Root canals of 30 human maxillary incisors were prepared using a single-file reciprocating technique. The samples were randomly distributed and canals filled with either AH Plus, EndoSeal, EndoSequence BC Sealer, and MTA Fillapex (n = 6). In the negative control group, the root canal remained unfilled. Sealers were placed into the canals along with a gutta-percha cone placed to working length. Balb/c 3T3 fibroblasts, cultured in a type I collagen 3D scaffold, were exposed to filling material and the respective root apex for 24 h. Cytocompatibility of the materials was evaluated using the methyl-thiazoldiphenyl-tetrazolium (MTT) assay. The production of IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 was analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). One-way analysis of variance was performed, and when the F-ratios were significant, data were compared by Duncan's multiple-range test. The alpha-type error was set at 0.05. RESULTS EndoSeal, Endosequence BC Sealer and AH Plus showed cell viability that was similar to the negative control group (P > 0.05), while MTA Fillapex sealer was cytotoxic (P < 0.05). Varying production of IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 was detected in all samples. CONCLUSIONS In an in vitro root canal filling model with 3D cell culture, AH Plus, EndoSeal, and EndoSequence BC Sealer were cytocompatible. CLINICAL RELEVANCE These results may suggest that AH Plus, EndoSeal and EndoSequence BC Sealer may achieve better biological response when compared to MTA Fillapex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel João Nogueira Leal da Silva
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Grande Rio University (UNIGRANRIO), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
- Department of Endodontics, Dental School, Grande Rio University (UNIGRANRIO), Rua Herotides de Oliveira, 61/902, Icaraí, Niterói, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Alexandre A Zaia
- Department of Endontics, Piracicaba School of Dentistry, Campinas State University (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Ove A Peters
- Department of Endodontics, Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, University of the Pacific, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Bioceramic-Based Root Canal Sealers: A Review. Int J Biomater 2016; 2016:9753210. [PMID: 27242904 PMCID: PMC4868912 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9753210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioceramic-based root canal sealers are considered to be an advantageous technology in endodontics. The aim of this review was to consider laboratory experiments and clinical studies of these sealers. An extensive search of the endodontic literature was made to identify publications related to bioceramic-based root canal sealers. The outcome of laboratory and clinical studies on the biological and physical properties of bioceramic-based sealers along with comparative studies with other sealers was assessed. Several studies were evaluated covering different properties of bioceramic-based sealers including physical properties, biocompatibility, sealing ability, adhesion, solubility, and antibacterial efficacy. Bioceramic-based sealers were found to be biocompatible and comparable to other commercial sealers. The clinical outcomes associated with the use of bioceramic-based root canal sealers are not established in the literature.
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Celikten B, Uzuntas CF, Orhan AI, Orhan K, Tufenkci P, Kursun S, Demiralp KÖ. Evaluation of root canal sealer filling quality using a single-cone technique in oval shaped canals: An In vitro Micro-CT study. SCANNING 2016; 38:133-140. [PMID: 26228657 DOI: 10.1002/sca.21249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the presence of voids in oval root canals filled with different root canal sealers (EndoSequence BC Sealer, Smartpaste bio, ActiV GP) and to compare those with root canals filled with AH Plus sealer using micro-CT. In total, 40 freshly extracted human single-root maxillary premolars were used. Specimens instrumented with the EndoSequence NiTi rotary instrument were assigned randomly into four groups. In each group, root canals were filled with single-cone gutta-percha and one of the tested sealers. Each specimen was then scanned using micro-CT at a voxel resolution of 13.47 μm. Proportions of sections with voids in cross-sectional images and void volumes for each sealer were calculated in the apical, middle, and coronal thirds. Differences according to root canal sealers were evaluated statistically using the Kruskal-Wallis test and the Mann-Whitney U-test at a significance level of 5%. The analysis showed a decrease in void formation in the apical third, with a significant difference between the apical and coronal thirds among bioceramic sealers, ActiV GP, and AH Plus (p < 0.05) but no significant difference between the apical and middle thirds or between the middle and coronal thirds was found for the sealers tested (p > 0.05). All root canal sealers tested resulted in voids. The bioceramic sealers (EndoSequence BC Sealer, Smartpaste bio) produced similar voids which had the fewest in the apical third of root canals among the sealers tested which can be related due to root canal anatomy variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berkan Celikten
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ceren Feriha Uzuntas
- Ministry of Health, Ataturk Oral and Dental Health Care Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ayse Isıl Orhan
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Ministry of Health, 75th Year Ankara Oral and Dental Health Centre, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kaan Orhan
- Department of DentoMaxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Pelin Tufenkci
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sebnem Kursun
- Ministry of Health, Bolu Oral and Dental Health Care Hospital, Bolu, Turkey
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Agrafioti A, Koursoumis AD, Kontakiotis EG. Re-establishing apical patency after obturation with Gutta-percha and two novel calcium silicate-based sealers. Eur J Dent 2016; 9:457-461. [PMID: 26929681 PMCID: PMC4745224 DOI: 10.4103/1305-7456.172625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Aim of the present study was to evaluate the retreatability and reestablishment of apical patency of two calcium silicate-based sealers, TotalFill BC Sealer (BCS) and mineral trioxide aggregate Fillapex (MTA F), versus AH Plus, when used in combination with Gutta-percha (GP). Materials and Methods: The canals of 54 single-rooted anterior teeth were instrumented and filled with GP/AH Plus (Group A), GP/MTA F (Group B), or GP/BCS (Group C) using continuous wave obturation technique. The groups were subdivided into subgroups with the master-GP cone placed to the working length (WL) or intentionally 2 mm short. The retreatment procedures were performed using ultrasonics, chloroform, rotary, and hand files. The ability to establish the patency and reach WL was determined as well as the time taken to reach WL was calculated in minutes. Furthermore, the samples were observed under a dental, optical microscope, after vertically splitting them. Results: The WL and patency were reestablished in 100% of specimens in all groups. The Mann–Whitney U-test indicated that there was a significant difference in the amount of time required to reach WL between the groups (P < 0.05) with group GP/BCS short of the WL showing the most amount of time to be retreated. Conclusion: The novel calcium silicate-based sealers are negotiable under simple root canal anatomy. However, the conventional retreatment techniques are not able to fully remove them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Agrafioti
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasios D Koursoumis
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelos G Kontakiotis
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Cytotoxicity and gelatinolytic activity of a new silicon-based endodontic sealer. J Appl Biomater Funct Mater 2015; 13:e376-80. [PMID: 26391870 DOI: 10.5301/jabfm.5000238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the cytotoxicity, gelatinolytic activity, and protein levels (MMP-2 and MMP-9) produced by 3T3 fibroblasts cells after stimulation with GuttaFlow 2 and AH Plus. METHODS 3T3 fibroblasts were incubated with elutes of GuttaFlow 2 and AH Plus for 24 h. The cytotoxicity of tested materials was determined using the MTT and the LDH assay. Supernatants of cell cultures incubated with sealers were collected to determine the levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9 gelatinolytic activity by gelatin zymography. Cell lysates were used to determine MMP-2 and MMP-9 protein levels by Western Blot. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey test (P<0.05). RESULTS AH Plus showed significantly less cell viability (mitochondrial activity of cells) than GuttaFlow 2 (P<0.01). Moreover, GuttaFlow 2 was noncytotoxic, showing no statistically significant difference in LDH leakage levels compared to the control group (P>0.05). Specific characterization of MMPs demonstrated that GuttaFlow 2 seemed not to affect MMP-2 levels compared with the control group, while AH Plus had elevated gelatinolytic activity and protein levels of MMP-2 as confirmed by quantitative measurements. No detectable gelatinolytic activity or protein levels of MMP-9 (92 kDa) was observed in any tested group. CONCLUSIONS GuttaFlow 2 did not showed cytotoxic effects and did not induce MMP-2 or MMP-9 expression.
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Lim ES, Park YB, Kwon YS, Shon WJ, Lee KW, Min KS. Physical properties and biocompatibility of an injectable calcium-silicate-based root canal sealer: in vitro and in vivo study. BMC Oral Health 2015; 15:129. [PMID: 26490372 PMCID: PMC4618726 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-015-0112-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to investigate the physical properties and biological effects of an experimentally developed injectable premixed calcium-silicate root canal sealer (Endoseal) in comparison with mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and a resin-based sealer (AHplus). Methods The pH, solubility, dimensional change, flow, and radiopacity of the materials were evaluated. Biocompatibility was evaluated on the basis of cell morphology and a viability test using MC3T3-E1 cells. For evaluate inflammatory reaction, the tested sealers were implanted into dorsal subcutaneous connective tissue of Sprague Dawley rats. After 7 days, the implants with the surrounding tissue were retrieved, and histological evaluation was performed. Results Endoseal showed high alkalinity similar to that of MTA. The solubility of the tested materials was similar. The dimensional change and flow of Endoseal was significantly higher than that of other materials (P < 0.05). The radiopacity of Endoseal was lower than that of AHplus (P < 0.05). The biocompatibility was similar to those of MTA. Inflammatory reaction of Endoseal was similar with that of MTA, but lower than that of AHplus (P < 0.05). Conclusions The present study indicates that Endoseal has favorable physical properties and biocompatibility. Therefore, we suggest that Endoseal has the potential to be used as a predictable root canal sealer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Su Lim
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry and Institute of Oral Bioscience, Chonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Jeonju-si, 54896, Korea.,Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, 20 Geonji-ro, 54907, Jeonju-si, Korea
| | - Young-Bae Park
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry and Institute of Oral Bioscience, Chonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Jeonju-si, 54896, Korea
| | - Young-Sun Kwon
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry and Institute of Oral Bioscience, Chonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Jeonju-si, 54896, Korea
| | - Won-Jun Shon
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Dental Research Institute and School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 101 Daehak-ro, 03080, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Kwang-Won Lee
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry and Institute of Oral Bioscience, Chonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Jeonju-si, 54896, Korea.,Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, 20 Geonji-ro, 54907, Jeonju-si, Korea
| | - Kyung-San Min
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry and Institute of Oral Bioscience, Chonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Jeonju-si, 54896, Korea. .,Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, 20 Geonji-ro, 54907, Jeonju-si, Korea.
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Candeiro GTM, Moura-Netto C, D'Almeida-Couto RS, Azambuja-Júnior N, Marques MM, Cai S, Gavini G. Cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and antibacterial effectiveness of a bioceramic endodontic sealer. Int Endod J 2015; 49:858-864. [PMID: 26281002 DOI: 10.1111/iej.12523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM To compare the characteristics of bioceramic endodontic sealer Endosequence BC sealer with those of AH Plus sealer. METHODOLOGY Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity were analysed on human gingival fibroblasts submitted to cell culture medium conditioned by sealers using the MTT reduction assay and micronucleus formation test (MNT), respectively. Cells grown on fresh medium served as controls. Cell viabilities were measured at 1, 3, 5 and 7 days. The antibacterial activity was analysed on an Enterococcus faecalis strain (ATCC 29212) using both on agar diffusion test (ADT) and a direct contact test (DCT). The inhibition zones in ADT were measured after 48 h and the colony-forming units counting in the DCT after 1, 24, 72 and 168 h. Data were compared by anova and Tukey's test and MNT by Fisher's exact test (P < 0.05). RESULTS Cultures submitted to Endosequence BC sealer had a significantly higher number of viable cells (P < 0.01) and less micronucleus formation (P < 0.05) than AH Plus sealer. Endosequence BC sealer exhibited significantly smaller inhibition zones (6.00 ± 0.03 mm) than AH Plus sealer (10.31 ± 0.21 mm) (P < 0.05). Moreover, Endosequence BC sealer had significantly smaller antibacterial activity than AH Plus sealer up to 1 h of direct contact (P < 0.05). On other exposure times, both materials had similar antibacterial effectiveness (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Bioceramic-based sealer had less cytotoxicity and genotoxicity and similar antibacterial effect against E. faecalis in comparison with AH Plus sealer.
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Affiliation(s)
- G T M Candeiro
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Dentistry, Centro Universitário Unichristus, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - C Moura-Netto
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Instituto de Odontologia - Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - R S D'Almeida-Couto
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Campus Castanhal, Universidade Federal do Pará, Castanhal, Brazil
| | - N Azambuja-Júnior
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M M Marques
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - S Cai
- Discipline of Microbiology, Biomedicine Sciences Institute, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - G Gavini
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Evaluation of Effects on the Adhesion of Various Root Canal Sealers after Er:YAG Laser and Irrigants Are Used on the Dentin Surface. J Endod 2015; 41:1331-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2015.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2014] [Revised: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Kaur A, Shah N, Logani A, Mishra N. Biotoxicity of commonly used root canal sealers: A meta-analysis. J Conserv Dent 2015; 18:83-8. [PMID: 25829682 PMCID: PMC4379664 DOI: 10.4103/0972-0707.153054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Revised: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The main objective of a root canal sealer is to provide a fluid tight seal. The purpose of this systematic meta-analysis was to determine the relative toxicity of commonly used root canal sealers like zinc oxide eugenol, calcium hydroxide, and resin-based sealers. MATERIALS AND METHODS An online search was conducted in peer-reviewed journals listed in PubMed, Cochrane, EBSCO, and IndMed databases between 2000 and 2012). Statistical analysis was carried out by using analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by post-hoc comparison by Bonferroni method. The comparison between toxicity at 24 h and between 3 and 7 days was done by using paired t-test for each sealer. RESULTS At 24 h, the relative biotoxicity of the three sealers reported was insignificant (P- value 0.29), but the difference in toxicity was found significant (P < 0.001) after 3 days. CONCLUSION Calcium hydroxide sealer and zinc oxide eugenol were found to be significantly biotoxic as compared to resin-based sealers after 3 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandeep Kaur
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Naseem Shah
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ajay Logani
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Navin Mishra
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Tuğ Kılkış B, Er K, Taşdemir T, Yildirim M, Taskesen F, Tümkaya L, Kalkan Y, Serper A. Neurotoxicity of various root canal sealers on rat sciatic nerve: an electrophysiologic and histopathologic study. Clin Oral Investig 2015; 19:2091-100. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-015-1447-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Khurshid Z, Zafar M, Qasim S, Shahab S, Naseem M, AbuReqaiba A. Advances in Nanotechnology for Restorative Dentistry. MATERIALS 2015; 8:717-731. [PMID: 28787967 PMCID: PMC5455275 DOI: 10.3390/ma8020717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Revised: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Rationalizing has become a new trend in the world of science and technology. Nanotechnology has ascended to become one of the most favorable technologies, and one which will change the application of materials in different fields. The quality of dental biomaterials has been improved by the emergence of nanotechnology. This technology manufactures materials with much better properties or by improving the properties of existing materials. The science of nanotechnology has become the most popular area of research, currently covering a broad range of applications in dentistry. This review describes the basic concept of nanomaterials, recent innovations in nanomaterials and their applications in restorative dentistry. Advances in nanotechnologies are paving the future of dentistry, and there are a plenty of hopes placed on nanomaterials in terms of improving the health care of dental patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohaib Khurshid
- School of Materials and Metallurgy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Muhammad Zafar
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al-Madina Al-Munawara 41311, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Saad Qasim
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, Kroto Research Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HQ, UK.
| | - Sana Shahab
- Department of Dental Materials Science, Sir Syed College of Medical Sciences for Girls, Karachi 75500, Pakistan.
| | - Mustafa Naseem
- Department of Community and Preventive Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Ziauddin University, Karachi 75600, Pakistan.
| | - Ammar AbuReqaiba
- ISF Medical Unit, Qatar and Dental Materials Science, Faculty of Dentistry, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Zhou HM, Du TF, Shen Y, Wang ZJ, Zheng YF, Haapasalo M. In Vitro Cytotoxicity of Calcium Silicate–containing Endodontic Sealers. J Endod 2015; 41:56-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2014.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Revised: 08/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Accardo C, Himel VT, Lallier TE. A Novel GuttaFlow Sealer Supports Cell Survival and Attachment. J Endod 2014; 40:231-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2013.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Revised: 08/24/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Long-term Dose- and Time-dependent Effects of Endodontic Sealers in Human In Vitro Osteoclastogenesis. J Endod 2013; 39:833-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2012.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2012] [Revised: 10/24/2012] [Accepted: 11/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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