1
|
Garza C, Martinez DA, Yoon J, Nickerson BS, Park KS. Effects of Telephone Aftercare Intervention for Obese Hispanic Children on Body Fat Percentage, Physical Fitness, and Blood Lipid Profiles. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16245133. [PMID: 31888169 PMCID: PMC6950203 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16245133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
We investigated effects of 10-month telephone aftercare intervention following primary obesity intervention on changes in body fat percentage, physical fitness, and lipid profiles in obese Hispanic children. Seventy-one obese children were randomly assigned to (1) primary intervention and 10-month telephone aftercare intervention (PITI; N = 26), (2) primary intervention only (PI; n = 25), and (3) control (CON; N = 20). Anthropometric data, physical fitness, and blood samples were obtained before (PRE) and after (POST) eight-week primary intervention, and 10-month telephone aftercare intervention (1YEAR). Eight weeks of primary intervention significantly reduced body fat percentage, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C) with increases in VO2max, flexibility, muscular strength, and HDL-C (PITI and PI, p < 0.05). 1YEAR measurements returned to baseline for the PI whereas those measurements in PITI remained significantly different when compared to PRE (p < 0.05). CON observed negative changes in all variables at POST, which were improved slightly during the subsequent school year. Levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL-C are correlated to changes in body fat percentage, suggesting that fat loss is effective in preventing and managing obesity-related disorders. Results indicate that telephone intervention is an effective aftercare in stabilizing positive changes obtained from a short-term intensive intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Garza
- College of Art and Science, Texas A & M International University, Laredo, TX 78041, USA;
| | - David A. Martinez
- Rosenberg School of Optometry, University of the Incarnate Word, San Antonio, TX 78209, USA;
| | - Jihyung Yoon
- College of Dentistry, New York University, NewYork, NY 10010, USA;
| | - Brett S. Nickerson
- College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Texas A & M International University, Laredo, TX 78041, USA;
| | - Kyung-Shin Park
- College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Texas A & M International University, Laredo, TX 78041, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-956-326-3158
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
de Mello VDF, Lindström J, Eriksson JG, Ilanne-Parikka P, Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi S, Pihlajamäki J, Tuomilehto J, Uusitupa M. Markers of cholesterol metabolism as biomarkers in predicting diabetes in the Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2015; 25:635-642. [PMID: 25921846 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2015.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Revised: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS We examined the effect of serum markers of cholesterol synthesis and absorption on the incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in the randomized Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study (DPS). We also explored a possible interaction of ABCG8 rs4299376 on sterol levels and lifestyle intervention. METHODS AND RESULTS We conducted a prospective cohort study including overweight, middle-aged people with impaired glucose tolerance at baseline who participated in the randomized DPS. The primary outcome of the DPS was the diagnosis of T2D based on repeated oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs). After active intervention (median of four years, 1994-2001), non-T2D participants were further followed until T2D diagnosis, dropout or the end of 2009. Of these, 340 participants who had β-sitosterol, campesterol, lathosterol and desmosterol measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry during the active four-year follow-up and who were not using cholesterol lowering medications were analysed. Surrogate indexes of insulin sensitivity (IS) and secretion were calculated from an OGTT. In adjusted models, plant sterols during the four-year follow-up were associated with lower T2D incidence during the extended eight-year follow-up (HR for 1-SD change in β-sitosterol and campesterol: 0.76 [0.63-0.92], and 0.81 [0.67-0.99], respectively). Lathosterol levels were associated with higher T2D incidence (HR: 1.35 [1.13-1.62]). These associations, though, were not independent of IS. There was an interaction between rs4299376 and study group on β-sitosterol (p = 0.001) and campesterol (p = 0.004) levels during the follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Markers of low absorption and high synthesis of cholesterol were associated with the risk of developing T2D, mostly ascribed to IS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V D F de Mello
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - J Lindström
- Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - J G Eriksson
- Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland; Department of General Practice and Primary Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland; Unit of General Practice, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Vaasa Central Hospital, Vaasa, Finland
| | - P Ilanne-Parikka
- The Diabetes Centre, Finnish Diabetes Association, Tampere, Finland; Science Center, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - S Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi
- Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Unit of General Practice, Oulu University Hospital and Oulu Health Centre, Oulu, Finland
| | - J Pihlajamäki
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Clinical Nutrition and Obesity Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Finland
| | - J Tuomilehto
- Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland; Center for Vascular Prevention, Danube-University Krems, Austria
| | - M Uusitupa
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Research Unit, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ozguven I, Ersoy B, Ozguven A, Ozkol M, Onur E. Factors affecting carotid intima media thickness predicts early atherosclerosis in overweight and obese adolescents. Obes Res Clin Pract 2013; 4:e1-e82. [PMID: 24345625 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2009.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2009] [Revised: 06/15/2009] [Accepted: 06/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY OBJECTIVE Aims of this study were to compare serum leptin levels, atherosclerotic markers and carotid intima media thickness (IMT) among the overweight, obese and normal weight healthy adolescents and to investigate the association of carotid IMT with leptin and atherosclerotic markers in adolescence. METHODS Seventy obese-overweight adolescents (27 of them obese, 43 of them overweight) and 72 two normal weight adolescents aged 14-18 years were included in this study. Leptin and homocysteine levels and lipid profiles were determined and carotid IMT were measured in all adolescents. Subjects were evaluated as obese-overweight and normal weight and obese, overweight and normal weight. RESULTS Carotid IMT was significantly different among the overweight adolescents, obese adolescents and the control group (p < 0.001). Leptin levels were significantly higher in obese-overweight adolescents compared to the control group (p < 0.001). Apolipoprotein (Apo) B levels were significantly higher in obese adolescents than the overweight ones and the control group (p < 0.016). There were significantly positive correlations of carotid IMT with leptin, homocysteine and Apo B levels (p < 0.05, r = 0.33, 0.28, 021, respectively). The factors associated with carotid IMT were leptin and ApoB levels (β = 0.632, p < 0.04, β = 0.264, p = 0.019, respectively). CONCLUSION Subclinical atherosclerosis determined by carotid IMT begins in overweight adolescents. Elevated leptin and Apo B levels are independent predictors of subclinical atherosclerosis. Leptin resistance, which is related to subclinical atherosclerosis, also begins in overweight adolescents. High Apo B levels, which promote development of atherosclerosis are more prominent in obese adolescents than other groups. For these reasons, all necessary precautions should be taken in overweight adolescents to prevent atherosclerosis as well as in obese adolescents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isıl Ozguven
- Celal Bayar University, Medical School, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Betul Ersoy
- Celal Bayar University, Medical School, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Manisa, Turkey.
| | - Aykan Ozguven
- Celal Bayar University, Medical School, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Mine Ozkol
- Celal Bayar University, Medical School, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Ece Onur
- Celal Bayar University, Medical School, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Manisa, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kosola S, Lampela H, Gylling H, Jalanko H, Nissinen MJ, Lauronen J, Mäkisalo H, Vaaralahti K, Miettinen TA, Raivio T, Pakarinen MP. Cholesterol metabolism altered and FGF21 levels high after pediatric liver transplantation despite normal serum lipids. Am J Transplant 2012; 12:2815-24. [PMID: 22702386 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2012.04147.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Liver transplantation (LT) predisposes to metabolic derangements and increases the risk for cardiovascular disease. We conducted a national cross-sectional study of all pediatric recipients who underwent LT between 1987 and 2007. We measured serum levels of noncholesterol sterols (surrogate markers of cholesterol synthesis and intestinal absorption) and fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) in 49 patients (74% of survivors) at a median of 10 years posttransplant and in 93 controls matched for age and gender. Although serum cholesterol levels were similar in patients and controls, patients displayed increased whole-body synthesis and decreased intestinal absorption of cholesterol compared with controls (lathosterol to cholesterol ratio 129 ± 55 vs. 96 ± 41, respectively, p < 0.001; campesterol to cholesterol ratio 233 ± 91 vs. 316 ± 107, respectively; p < 0.001). Azathioprine (r =-0.383, p = 0.007) and low-dose methylpredisolone (r =-0.492, p < 0.001) were negatively associated with lathosterol/sitosterol ratio reflecting a favorable effect on cholesterol metabolism. FGF21 levels were higher in patients than in controls (248 pg/mL vs. 77 pg/mL, p < 0.001). In healthy controls, FGF21 was associated with cholesterol metabolism, an association missing in LT recipients. Normal serum lipids are achievable in long-term survivors of pediatric LT, but changes in cholesterol metabolism and increased FGF21 levels may explicate later cardiovascular risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Kosola
- Pediatric Surgery and Pediatric Transplantation Surgery, Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Magnussen CG, Niinikoski H, Juonala M, Kivimäki M, Rönnemaa T, Viikari JSA, Simell O, Raitakari OT. When and how to start prevention of atherosclerosis? Lessons from the Cardiovascular Risk in the Young Finns Study and the Special Turku Coronary Risk Factor Intervention Project. Pediatr Nephrol 2012; 27:1441-52. [PMID: 21877168 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-011-1990-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2011] [Accepted: 07/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This review provides an up-to-date summary of findings from two ongoing population-based, prospective studies conducted in Finland: The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study, and the Special Turku Coronary Risk Factor Intervention Project (STRIP), which have contributed significantly to the scientific literature concerning the childhood origin of cardiovascular disease, and whether prevention efforts in adults can be expanded to young people. From the Young Finns Study, we summarize evidence demonstrating childhood risk factors to be associated with both risk factors and preclinical markers of atherosclerosis in adulthood, and from STRIP, we summarize evidence showing that supervised dietary counseling of a low saturated fat diet effectively decreases exposure to cardiovascular risk factors without affecting growth and development of healthy children and adolescents. The evidence available from these studies supports that the ability to prevent or delay the risk of premature atherosclerosis and its clinical sequelae later in life lies in maintaining a low lifetime risk by preventing the development of risk factors in early life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Costan G Magnussen
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520, Finland, Finland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hatami M, Tohidi M, Mohebi R, Khalili D, Azizi F, Hadaegh F. Adolescent lipoprotein classifications according to National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) vs. National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) for predicting abnormal lipid levels in adulthood in a Middle East population. Lipids Health Dis 2012; 11:107. [PMID: 22937812 PMCID: PMC3477115 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-11-107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2012] [Accepted: 08/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To compare the predictive ability of adolescent lipoprotein classification using the National Examination Survey (NHANES) cut points and those of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) for predicting abnormal levels in adulthood. METHOD From 1032 adolescents, aged 14-19 years, participants of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study, all lipid measures were determined at baseline and again after 6 years. Multivariable Odds Ratios (ORs) were calculated for borderline and high categories of lipids to predict dyslipidemia in adulthood, considering the normal level as a reference. Area under the receiving characteristics curve (AUC) was used to assess the predictive ability of each adolescent lipid classification. RESULT Applying the NCEP classification, the prevalences of high total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides and low high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in males were 12.1%, 12.9%, 26.1% and 34.2% respectively; in females the corresponding prevalences were 15.4%, 17.9%, 21.4% and 25.0%, respectively. Using NHANES cut points, the prevalence of high TC, LDL-C and triglycerides were lower, than those defined by NCEP; the ORs of high categories of lipids (defined by NHANES) were higher than ORs based on the NECP classification, except for HDL-C. For all lipid measures, both classifications had similar predictive abilities, except for TC/HDL-C, which had higher predictive power applying the NHANES classification rather than the NCEP one (AUC 71% vs. 68%, respectively). CONCLUSION No differences were found between NCEP and NHANES classifications for prediction of adult dyslipidemia, except for TC/HDL-C. Because of their simple application, NCEP cut points can be used in clinical settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masumeh Hatami
- Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Spinneker A, Egert S, González-Gross M, Breidenassel C, Albers U, Stoffel-Wagner B, Huybrechts I, Manios Y, Venneria E, Molnar D, Widhalm K, Moreno L, Stehle P. Lipid, lipoprotein and apolipoprotein profiles in European adolescents and its associations with gender, biological maturity and body fat—The HELENA Study. Eur J Clin Nutr 2012; 66:727-35. [DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2011.222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
8
|
Relation of non-cholesterol sterols to coronary risk factors and carotid intima-media thickness: The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study. Atherosclerosis 2010; 209:592-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2009.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2009] [Revised: 10/02/2009] [Accepted: 10/07/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
9
|
Koponen T, Hallikainen M, Lipponen J, Lyyra-Laitinen T, Karjalainen PA, Tarvainen MP, Sittiwet C, Miettinen TA, Laitinen T, Gylling H. Cholesterol metabolism, endothelial dysfunction, and carotid artery stiffness in type 1 diabetes☆. Artery Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.artres.2010.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
|
10
|
Sanclemente T, Marques-Lopes I, Puzo J, García-Otín AL. Role of naturally-occurring plant sterols on intestinal cholesterol absorption and plasmatic levels. J Physiol Biochem 2009; 65:87-98. [PMID: 19588734 DOI: 10.1007/bf03165972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is a major health problem in developed countries although its incidence is relatively lower in Mediterranean countries which is partly ascribed to dietary habits. Epidemiologic evidence shows that elevated serum cholesterol, specifically low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (c-LDL), increases cardiovascular disease. Phytosterols are bioactive compounds, found in all vegetable foods, which inhibit intestinal cholesterol absorption and, therefore, have a serum cholesterol-lowering effect. Intestinal cholesterol absorption is a multistep process where plant sterols and stanols may act: a) attenuating the NPC1L1 gene expression, which may result in a lower cholesterol uptake from the lumen; b) lowering the cholesterol esterification rate by the ACAT2 (acyl-CoA cholesterol acyltransferase) and, consequently, the amount of cholesterol secreted via the chylomicrons and c) upregulating the expression of ABC-transporters ABCG5 and ABCG8 in intestinal cells, which may result in an increased excretion of cholesterol by the enterocyte back into the lumen. Many clinical trials proved that commercial products enriched with phytosterols reduce cholesterol levels. Likewise, recent studies show that phytosterols present in natural food matrices are also effective and could be an important component of cardioprotective dietary patterns such as the Mediterranean diet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Sanclemente
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Sports, University of Zaragoza, Huesca, Spain
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|