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Alrabadi N, Aljarrah Q, Alzoubi O, Al-Jarrah H, Elayyan Y, Alnabulsi Z, Husein A, Alzoubi KH, Bakkar S, Aljanabi M, Zihlif M, Haddad R. Clinical recurrence and antiplatelet drug resistance among patients with lower limb ischemia. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e36915. [PMID: 38215136 PMCID: PMC10783292 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000036915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
There is a high prevalence rate of peripheral artery disease worldwide, with estimated cases exceeding 200 million. Most patients are under-diagnosed and under-treated, and there is a lack of knowledge regarding the best therapeutic regimen and therapy duration, which leads to many cases of recurrence, complications, and amputations. This study aims to explore clinical recurrence, which was defined as the worsening of chronic peripheral artery disease requiring hospital admission, and its relationship with antiplatelet drug resistance among patients with lower limb ischemia. This cohort study includes both retrospective and prospective recruitment of patients with chronic lower limb ischemia. Platelet aggregation tests were offered to the patients. Between February 2018 and November 2020, 147 patients were recruited from King Abdullah University Hospital and followed up for at least 1 year. Platelet aggregation tests were done for 93 patients who agreed to participate in this part of the study. The prevalence of chronic lower limb ischemia was higher in young male patients who are current smokers with co-morbid diseases such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and/or dyslipidemia. There was a significant association only of clinical recurrence with younger age (P = .011) and with low platelets count in severe stages of the disease (P = .047). No significant association was found in terms of laboratory resistance. The clinical recurrence rates of chronic lower limb ischemia were higher in younger patients and among those with low platelet counts in the severe stages of the disease. Despite the laboratory responsiveness to anti-platelet therapy, we observed significant clinical resistance and increased recurrence rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasr Alrabadi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Qusai Aljarrah
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Osama Alzoubi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, the University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Hussam Al-Jarrah
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Yasmin Elayyan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Zaid Alnabulsi
- Department of Medicine, Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, MI, USA
| | - Anas Husein
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Karem H. Alzoubi
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Sohail Bakkar
- Department of General and Specialized Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, the Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Mukhallad Aljanabi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Malik Zihlif
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Razan Haddad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jadara University, Irbid, Jordan
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2
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Marzoog BA. Autophagy Behavior in Endothelial Cell Regeneration. Curr Aging Sci 2024; 17:58-67. [PMID: 37861048 DOI: 10.2174/0118746098260689231002044435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy plays a crucial role in maintaining endothelial cell homeostasis through the turnover of intracellular components during stress conditions in a lysosomal-dependent manner. The regeneration strategy involves several aspects, including autophagy. Autophagy is a catabolic degenerative lysosomal-dependent degradation of intracellular components. Autophagy modifies cellular and subcellular endothelial cell functions, including mitochondria stress, lysosomal stress, and endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response. Activation of common signaling pathways of autophagy and regeneration and enhancement of intracellular endothelial cell metabolism serve as the bases for the induction of endothelial regeneration. Endothelial progenitor cells include induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC), embryonic stem cells, and somatic cells, such as fibroblasts. Future strategies of endothelial cell regeneration involve the induction of autophagy to minimize the metabolic degeneration of the endothelial cells and optimize the regeneration outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basheer Abdullah Marzoog
- World-Class Research Center «Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare», I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, 119991, Russia
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3
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Aswad MH, Kissova J, Ovesna P, Říhová L, Penka M. JAK2V617F mutation and circulating extracellular vesicles in essential thrombocythemia. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2023; 84:359-368. [PMID: 37334581 DOI: 10.3233/ch-221678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
The clinical course of essential thrombocythemia (ET) is complicated with thrombosis which significantly impacts patients' mortality. Studies have identified JAK2V617F mutation as an independent risk factor for thrombosis. Circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs) were evaluated in several studies regarding myeloproliferative neoplasms and thrombosis as potential biomarkers. The present study investigates the relationship between JAK2V617F mutation and EVs levels in 119 ET patients. Our analyses revealed that JAK2V617F-positive patients are at a significantly increased risk of thrombosis within five years before the ET diagnosis (hazard ratio [95% CI]: 11.9 [1.7-83.7], P = 0.013), and that JAK2V617F mutation is an independent risk factor for thrombosis at ET diagnosis or during the follow-up (hazard ratio [95% CI]: 3.56 [1.47-8.62], P = 0.005). ET patients have higher levels of platelet-EVs, erythrocyte-EVs and procoagulant activity of EVs than the healthy population. Absolute and relative counts of platelet-EVs are increased in the presence of JAK2V617F mutation (P = 0.018, P = 0.024, respectively). In conclusion, our results support the role of JAK2V617F mutation in the pathogenesis of thrombosis in essential thrombocythemia through enhancing platelet activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Hussam Aswad
- Department of Clinical Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jarmila Kissova
- Department of Clinical Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Ovesna
- Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Říhová
- Department of Clinical Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Penka
- Department of Clinical Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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4
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Extracellular Vesicles in Haematological Disorders: A Friend or a Foe? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231710118. [PMID: 36077514 PMCID: PMC9455998 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231710118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as important mediators of homeostasis, immune modulation and intercellular communication. They are released by every cell of the human body and accordingly detected in a variety of body fluids. Interestingly, their expression can be upregulated under various conditions, such as stress, hypoxia, irradiation, inflammation, etc. Their cargo, which is variable and may include lipids, proteins, RNAs and DNA, reflects that of the parental cell, which offers a significant diagnostic potential to EVs. In line with this, an increasing number of studies have reported the important contribution of cancer-derived EVs in altering the tumour microenvironment and allowing for cancer progression and metastasis. As such, cancer-derived EVs may be used to monitor the development and progression of disease and to evaluate the potential response to treatment, which has generated much excitement in the field of oncology and particularly in haemato-oncology. Finally, EVs are able to transfer their cargo to target cells, modifying the properties of the recipient cell, which offers great therapeutic potential for EVs (either by specific drug delivery or by delivery of siRNAs and other inhibitory proteins). In this manuscript, we review the potential diagnostic use and therapeutic options of EVs in the context of haematological malignancies.
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5
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Karantanou C, Minciacchi VR, Karantanos T. Extracellular Vesicles in Myeloid Neoplasms. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158827. [PMID: 35955960 PMCID: PMC9369333 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid neoplasms arise from malignant primitive cells, which exhibit growth advantage within the bone marrow microenvironment (BMM). The interaction between these malignant cells and BMM cells is critical for the progression of these diseases. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid bound vesicles secreted into the extracellular space and involved in intercellular communication. Recent studies have described RNA and protein alterations in EVs isolated from myeloid neoplasm patients compared to healthy controls. The altered expression of various micro-RNAs is the best-described feature of EVs of these patients. Some of these micro-RNAs induce growth-related pathways such as AKT/mTOR and promote the acquisition of stem cell-like features by malignant cells. Another well-described characteristic of EVs in myeloid neoplasms is their ability to suppress healthy hematopoiesis either via direct effect on healthy CD34+ cells or via alteration of the differentiation of BMM cells. These results support a role of EVs in the pathogenesis of myeloid neoplasms. mainly through mediating the interaction between malignant and BMM cells, and warrant further study to better understand their biology. In this review, we describe the reported alterations of EV composition in myeloid neoplasms and the recent discoveries supporting their involvement in the development and progression of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Karantanou
- Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Valentina René Minciacchi
- Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Theodoros Karantanos
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, The Bunting-Blaustein Cancer Research Building, 1650 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Correspondence:
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6
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Igami K, Uchiumi T, Shiota M, Ueda S, Tsukahara S, Akimoto M, Eto M, Kang D. Extracellular vesicles expressing CEACAM proteins in the urine of bladder cancer patients. Cancer Sci 2022; 113:3120-3133. [PMID: 35611462 PMCID: PMC9459299 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Early detection and long‐term monitoring are important for urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (UCB). Urine cytology and existing markers have insufficient diagnostic performance. Here, we examined medium‐sized extracellular vesicles (EVs) in urine to identify specific markers for UCB and evaluated their usefulness as diagnostic material. To identify specific markers in urinary EVs derived from UCB, we undertook shotgun proteomics using urine from four UCB patients and four healthy subjects. Next, 29 healthy specimens, 18 noncancer specimens, and 33 UCB specimens, all from men, were analyzed for urinary EVs by flow cytometry to evaluate the diagnostic performance of UCB‐specific EVs. Nanoparticle‐tracking analysis indicated that the size of EVs extracted from urine was mostly <400 nm. By shotgun proteomics, we detected several proteins characteristic of UCB and found that carcinoembryonic antigen‐related adhesion molecule (CEACAM) proteins were increased in patients. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that the degree of expression of CEACAM1, CEACAM5, and CEACAM6 proteins on the surface of EVs varied among patients. Extracellular vesicles expressing CEACAM proteins also expressed mucin 1, suggesting that they were derived from tumorigenic uroepithelial cells. The number of EVs expressing CEACAM1, 5, and 6 proteins was significantly increased in UCB (mean ± SD, 8.6 ± 13%) compared to non‐UCB (0.69 ± 0.46) and healthy (0.46 ± 0.34) by flow cytometry. The results of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis showed a good score of area under the ROC curve of 0.907. We identified EVs that specifically express CEACAM proteins in urine and have potential for diagnostic applications. These EVs are potential targets in a new liquid biopsy test for UCB patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ko Igami
- Business Management Division, Clinical Laboratory Business Segment, LSI Medience Corporation, Tokyo, Japan.,Kyushu Pro Search Limited Liability Partnership, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Uchiumi
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masaki Shiota
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Saori Ueda
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shigehiro Tsukahara
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masaru Akimoto
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Eto
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Dongchon Kang
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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7
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The Power of Extracellular Vesicles in Myeloproliferative Neoplasms: "Crafting" a Microenvironment That Matters. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092316. [PMID: 34571965 PMCID: PMC8464728 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloproliferative Neoplasms (MPN) are acquired clonal disorders of the hematopoietic stem cells and include Essential Thrombocythemia, Polycythemia Vera and Myelofibrosis. MPN are characterized by mutations in three driver genes (JAK2, CALR and MPL) and by a state of chronic inflammation. Notably, MPN patients experience increased risk of thrombosis, disease progression, second neoplasia and evolution to acute leukemia. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a heterogeneous population of microparticles with a role in cell-cell communication. The EV-mediated cross-talk occurs via the trafficking of bioactive molecules such as nucleic acids, proteins, metabolites and lipids. Growing interest is focused on EVs and their potential impact on the regulation of blood cancers. Overall, EVs have been suggested to orchestrate the complex interplay between tumor cells and the microenvironment with a pivotal role in "education" and "crafting" of the microenvironment by regulating angiogenesis, coagulation, immune escape and drug resistance of tumors. This review is focused on the role of EVs in MPN. Specifically, we will provide an overview of recent findings on the involvement of EVs in MPN pathogenesis and discuss opportunities for their potential application as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers.
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8
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Găman MA, Cozma MA, Dobrică EC, Crețoiu SM, Găman AM, Diaconu CC. Liquid Biopsy and Potential Liquid Biopsy-Based Biomarkers in Philadelphia-Negative Classical Myeloproliferative Neoplasms: A Systematic Review. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11070677. [PMID: 34357048 PMCID: PMC8304270 DOI: 10.3390/life11070677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are rare, clonal disorders of the hematopoietic stem cell in which an uncontrolled proliferation of terminally differentiated myeloid cells is noted. Polycythemia vera (PV), essential thrombocythemia (ET) and primary myelofibrosis (PMF) are included in the category of Philadelphia-negative, so-called classical MPNs. The potential applications of liquid biopsy and liquid biopsy-based biomarkers have not been explored in MPNs until now. Thus, a systematic search was computed in PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science and The Cochrane Library and, in total, 198 potentially relevant papers were detected. Following the removal of duplicates (n = 85), 113 records were screened. After the exclusion of irrelevant manuscripts based on the screening of their titles and abstracts (n = 81), we examined the full texts of 33 manuscripts. Finally, after we applied the exclusion and inclusion criteria, 27 original articles were included in this review. Overall, the data analyzed in this review point out that liquid biopsy and liquid biopsy-based biomarkers (cell-free DNA, extracellular vesicles, microparticles, circulating endothelial cells) could be used in MPNs for diagnostic and prognostic purposes. Future research is needed to clarify whether this technique can be employed to differentiate between MPN subtypes and secondary causes of erythrocytosis, thrombocytosis and myelofibrosis, as well as to predict the development of thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihnea-Alexandru Găman
- Faculty of Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
- Department of Hematology, Center of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Fundeni Clinical Institute, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence: (M.-A.G.); (S.M.C.)
| | - Matei-Alexandru Cozma
- Department of Gastroenterology, Colentina Clinical Hospital, 020125 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Elena-Codruța Dobrică
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania; (E.-C.D.); (A.M.G.)
- Department of Dermatology, “Elias” University Emergency Hospital, 011461 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Sanda Maria Crețoiu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Histology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence: (M.-A.G.); (S.M.C.)
| | - Amelia Maria Găman
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania; (E.-C.D.); (A.M.G.)
- Clinic of Hematology, Filantropia City Hospital, 200143 Craiova, Romania
| | - Camelia Cristina Diaconu
- Faculty of Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
- Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, 105402 Bucharest, Romania
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9
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Trino S, Lamorte D, Caivano A, De Luca L, Sgambato A, Laurenzana I. Clinical relevance of extracellular vesicles in hematological neoplasms: from liquid biopsy to cell biopsy. Leukemia 2021; 35:661-678. [PMID: 33299143 PMCID: PMC7932927 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-020-01104-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In the era of precision medicine, liquid biopsy is becoming increasingly important in oncology. It consists in the isolation and analysis of tumor-derived biomarkers, including extracellular vesicles (EVs), in body fluids. EVs are lipid bilayer-enclosed particles, heterogeneous in size and molecular composition, released from both normal and neoplastic cells. In tumor context, EVs are valuable carriers of cancer information; in fact, their amount, phenotype and molecular cargo, including proteins, lipids, metabolites and nucleic acids, mirror nature and origin of parental cells rendering EVs appealing candidates as novel biomarkers. Translation of these new potential diagnostic tools into clinical practice could deeply revolutionize the cancer field mainly for solid tumors but for hematological neoplasms, too.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Trino
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Translational Research, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata (IRCCS-CROB), Rionero in Vulture, PZ, Italy
| | - Daniela Lamorte
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Translational Research, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata (IRCCS-CROB), Rionero in Vulture, PZ, Italy.
| | - Antonella Caivano
- Laboratory of Clinical Research and Advanced Diagnostics, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata (IRCCS-CROB), Rionero in Vulture, PZ, Italy
| | - Luciana De Luca
- Laboratory of Clinical Research and Advanced Diagnostics, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata (IRCCS-CROB), Rionero in Vulture, PZ, Italy
| | - Alessandro Sgambato
- Scientific Direction, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata (IRCCS-CROB), Rionero in Vulture, PZ, Italy
| | - Ilaria Laurenzana
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Translational Research, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata (IRCCS-CROB), Rionero in Vulture, PZ, Italy.
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10
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Extracellular Vesicles in Hematological Malignancies: From Biomarkers to Therapeutic Tools. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:diagnostics10121065. [PMID: 33316884 PMCID: PMC7763630 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10121065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a heterogenous group of lipid particles released by all cell types in physiological and pathological states. In hematological malignancies, tumor-derived EVs are critical players in mediating intercellular communications through the transfer of genetic materials and proteins between neoplastic cells themselves and to several components of the bone marrow microenvironment, rendering the latter a “stronger” niche supporting cancer cell proliferation, drug resistance, and escape from immune surveillance. In this context, the molecular cargoes of tumor-derived EVs reflect the nature and status of the cells of origin, making them specific therapeutic targets. Another important characteristic of EVs in hematological malignancies is their use as a potential “liquid biopsy” because of their high abundance in biofluids and their ability to protect their molecular cargoes from nuclease and protease degradation. Liquid biopsies are non-invasive blood tests that provide a molecular profiling clinical tool as an alternative method of disease stratification, especially in cancer patients where solid biopsies have limited accessibility. They offer accurate diagnoses and identify specific biomarkers for monitoring of disease progression and response to treatment. In this review, we will focus on the role of EVs in the most prevalent hematological malignancies, particularly on their prospective use as biomarkers in the context of liquid biopsies, as well as their molecular signature that identifies them as specific therapeutic targets for inhibiting cancer progression. We will also highlight their roles in modulating the immune response by acting as both immunosuppressors and activators of anti-tumor immunity.
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11
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Tanaka R, Gatate Y, Sujino Y, Todo M, Ohta A, Shimizu Y, Watanabe A, Naganuma K, Muramatsu T, Fukushima K, Nakano S. Acute Myocardial Infarction in an Adolescent Receiving Anagrelide for Essential Thrombocythemia with Underlying Persistent Coronary Endothelial Dysfunction. Int Heart J 2020; 61:1289-1293. [PMID: 33191357 DOI: 10.1536/ihj.20-377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Essential thrombocythemia (ET) is a Philadelphia chromosome-negative myeloproliferative disorder that is characterized by the overproduction of platelets and a marked increase in the numbers of mature megakaryocytes present in the bone marrow. Thrombohemorrhagic disorders are major morbidities of ET, especially those with mutations in the gene encoding Janus kinase 2 (JAK2). In this study, we report the case of an 18-year-old patient with ET carrying JAK2 mutation who developed acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) 5 months after a commencement of anagrelide. Coronary endothelial dysfunction confirmed by positive acetylcholine provocation test lasted a year after the occurrence of STEMI. Furthermore, intracoronary imaging using optical coherence tomography demonstrated non-atheromatous intimal fibrosis possibly due to chronic endothelial damage. The coronary pathologies reflected chronic change potentially associated with properties of ET and JAK2 mutation in addition to hyperviscosity. These observations suggest that the side effect of anagrelide in our patient was considered causative, while underlying chronic endothelial dysfunction and adverse endothelial remodeling may be predisposing factors to his fatal cardiovascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuhei Tanaka
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center
| | - Yodo Gatate
- Department of Cardiology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center
| | - Yasumori Sujino
- Department of Cardiology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center
| | - Maki Todo
- Department of Pharmacy, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center
| | - Atsuhiko Ohta
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center
| | - Yuki Shimizu
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center
| | - Atsuko Watanabe
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center
| | - Ken Naganuma
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center
| | - Toshihiro Muramatsu
- Department of Cardiology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center
| | - Kenji Fukushima
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center
| | - Shintaro Nakano
- Department of Cardiology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center
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12
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Igami K, Uchiumi T, Ueda S, Kamioka K, Setoyama D, Gotoh K, Akimoto M, Matsumoto S, Kang D. Characterization and function of medium and large extracellular vesicles from plasma and urine by surface antigens and Annexin V. PEERJ ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.7717/peerj-achem.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are released by most cell types and are involved in multiple basic biological processes. Medium/large EVs (m/lEVs), which are of a different size from exosomes, play an important role in the coagulation in blood, and are secreted from cancer cells, etc., suggesting functions related to malignant transformation. The m/lEVs levels in blood or urine may help unravel pathophysiological findings in many diseases. However, it remains unclear how many naturally-occurring m/lEV subtypes exist as well as how their characteristics and functions differ from one another.
Methods
We used the blood and urinal sample from each 10 healthy donors for analysis. Using a flow cytometer, we focus on characterization of EVs with large sizes (>200 nm) that are different from exosomes. We also searched for a membrane protein for characterization with a flow cytometer using shotgun proteomics. We then identified m/lEVs pelleted from plasma and urine samples by differential centrifugation and characterized by flow cytometry.
Results
Using proteomic profiling, we identified several proteins involved in m/lEV biogenesis including adhesion molecules, peptidases and exocytosis regulatory proteins. In healthy human plasma, we could distinguish m/lEVs derived from platelets, erythrocytes, monocytes/macrophages, T and B cells, and vascular endothelial cells with more than two positive surface antigens. The ratio of phosphatidylserine appearing on the membrane surface differed depending on the cell-derived m/lEVs. In urine, 50% of m/lEVs were Annexin V negative but contained various membrane peptidases derived from renal tubular villi. Urinary m/lEVs, but not plasma m/lEVs, showed peptidase activity. The knowledge of the new characteristics is considered to be useful as a diagnostic material and the newly developed method suggests the possibility of clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ko Igami
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Kyushu Pro Search Limited Liability Partnership, Fukuoka, Japan
- Business Management Division, Clinical Laboratory Business Segment, LSI Medience Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Uchiumi
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Clinical Chemistry, Division of Biochemical Science and Technology, Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Saori Ueda
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Kamioka
- Kyushu Pro Search Limited Liability Partnership, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Medical Solutions, LSI Medience Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daiki Setoyama
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kazuhito Gotoh
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masaru Akimoto
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shinya Matsumoto
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Dongchon Kang
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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13
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Siwaponanan P, Keawvichit R, Udompunturak S, Hunnangkul S, Reesukumal K, Sukapirom K, Pattanapanyasat K, Krittayaphong R. Altered profile of circulating microparticles in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. Clin Cardiol 2019; 42:425-431. [PMID: 30680757 PMCID: PMC6712324 DOI: 10.1002/clc.23158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia, and it is associated with the prothrombotic state. Circulating microparticles (cMPs) are membrane vesicles that are shed from many cell types in response to cell activation and cell apoptosis. Several studies reported that cMPs may play a role in the hypercoagulable state that can be observed in patients with AF. The aim of this study was to determine the levels of total cMPs and characterize their cellular origins in AF patients. Methods Atotal of 66 AF patients and 33 healthy controls were enrolled. This study investigated total cMP levels and their cellular origin in AF patients using polychromatic flow cytometry. Results AF patients had significantly higher levels of total cMPs (median 36.38, interquartile range [IQR] 21.16‐68.50 × 105 counts/mL vs median 15.21, IQR 9.91‐30.86 × 105 counts/mL; P = 0.004), platelet‐derived MPs (PMPs) (median 10.61, IQR 6.55‐18.04 × 105 counts/mL vs median 7.83, IQR 4.44‐10.26 × 10/mL; P = 0.009), and endothelial‐derived MPs (EMPs CD31+ CD41−) (median 2.94, IQR 1.78‐0.60 × 105 counts/mL vs median 1.16, IQR 0.71‐2.30 × 105 counts/mL; P = 0.001) than healthy controls after adjusting for potential confounders. Phosphatidylserine positive MP (PS + MP) levels were similar compared between AF patients and healthy controls. Conclusion The results of this study revealed a marked increase in total cMP levels, and evidence of elevated endothelial damage and platelet activation, as demonstrated by increased PMP and EMP levels, in AF patients. Additional study is needed to further elucidate the role of cMPs (PMPs and EMPs) in the pathophysiology of and the complications associated with AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panjaree Siwaponanan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Siriraj Center of Research Excellence in Microparticle and Exosome in Diseases, Department of Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Rassamon Keawvichit
- Siriraj Center of Research Excellence in Microparticle and Exosome in Diseases, Department of Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Suthipol Udompunturak
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Saowalak Hunnangkul
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kanit Reesukumal
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kasama Sukapirom
- Siriraj Center of Research Excellence in Microparticle and Exosome in Diseases, Department of Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kovit Pattanapanyasat
- Siriraj Center of Research Excellence in Microparticle and Exosome in Diseases, Department of Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Rungroj Krittayaphong
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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14
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Piccin A, Sartori MT, Bisogno G, Van Schilfgaarde M, Saggiorato G, Pierro AMD, Corvetta D, Marcheselli L, Mega A, Gastl G, Cesaro S. New insights into sinusoidal obstruction syndrome. Intern Med J 2018; 47:1173-1183. [PMID: 28707749 DOI: 10.1111/imj.13550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Entry criteria included patients who developed sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (SOS) at a single centre from January 2000 to December 2011. Patients who underwent haemopoietic stem cell transplantation or actinomicyn-based chemotherapy for nephroblastoma were selected. The study group comprised five patients with SOS who were compared with a control group of seven patients without SOS. AIM To study the relationships between endothelial extracellular vesicles (EV) and plasminogen-activator inhibitor type 1(PAI-1) to assess their modification in the early phase of SOS. METHODS Consecutive blood samples were tested for cell-derived EV, PAI-1 and coagulation parameters. Any statistically significant correlation between all datasets was searched. RESULTS Antithrombin level and platelet count were statistically significantly reduced in SOS patients, suggesting a consumption status. PAI-1:Ag and PAI-1:act showed an inverse relationship with platelet counts (coef. -0.034, SE = 0.016; P = 0.041 and -0.052, SE = 0.019; P = 0.011 respectively). During follow up, PAI-1:Ag was inversely related to EV CD144+ (coef. -0.261, SE = 0.094; P = 0.007) and antithrombin (coef -0.509, SE = 0.175; P = 0.005). PAI-1:act showed an inverse association with EV CD144+ (coef.-0.251, SE = 0.121; P = 0.043), EV CD31+/CD41+ (coef. -0.004, SE = 0.002; P = 0.026) and antithrombin (coef. -0.470, SE = 0.220; P = 0.038). EV generated by rupture of gap junctions (EV CD144+) were increased in SOS patients and also showed a change over time. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates the existence of an ongoing procoagulant and hypofibrinolytic status in SOS, indicating a possible role for anticoagulant therapy. Moreover, these findings suggest a role for EV CD 144+, either alone or in combination with PAI-1, as a new biomarker for SOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Piccin
- Transfusion Service, San Maurizio Regional Hospital, Bolzano, Italy.,Department of Internal Medicine V, Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria.,IMREST (Interdisciplinary Medical Research Center South Tyrol), Bolzano, Italy
| | - Maria T Sartori
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - Gianni Bisogno
- Oncology Hematology Division, Department of Woman's and Child's Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | | | - Angela M D Pierro
- IMREST (Interdisciplinary Medical Research Center South Tyrol), Bolzano, Italy
| | - Daisy Corvetta
- IMREST (Interdisciplinary Medical Research Center South Tyrol), Bolzano, Italy
| | - Luigi Marcheselli
- Department of Diagnostic, Clinical and Public Health Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Andrea Mega
- IMREST (Interdisciplinary Medical Research Center South Tyrol), Bolzano, Italy.,Gastroenterology Department, San Maurizio Regional Hospital, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Günther Gastl
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Simone Cesaro
- Paediatric Hematology-Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona, Verona, Italy
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